En este episodio de "Soñar el Futuro", Alex Fighter explora las innovaciones y tendencias que marcarán el futuro de la vivienda. Con el crecimiento explosivo de la población urbana, es crucial entender cómo se transformarán nuestros hogares en los próximos treinta años. Imaginamos apartamentos más inteligentes y eficientes, diseñados bajo los principios de la automatización del hogar. La tecnología jugará un papel vital, permitiendo que cada rincón de nuestro hogar esté optimizado para nuestras necesidades diarias.
Uno de los avances más significativos será la impresión en 3D en la arquitectura, que permitirá construir viviendas más rápidas y personalizadas, adaptándose a la creciente demanda de espacio. Además, la movilidad aumentará, facilitando la vida en entornos urbanos densamente poblados. Las casas del futuro no solo serán funcionales, sino también sostenibles, integrando tecnologías que reducirán nuestro impacto ambiental.
La vida urbana del futuro promete ser emocionante y retadora, donde la innovación en vivienda será fundamental para mejorar nuestra calidad de vida. ¡No te pierdas este fascinante capítulo y descubre cómo se está moldeando el futuro de nuestros hogares!
**Hashtags:** #InnovaciónEnVivienda, #FuturoUrbano, #AutomatizaciónDelHogar
**Keywords:** innovaciones en vivienda, futuro de nuestros hogares, apartamentos inteligentes, automatización del hogar, impresión en 3D, arquitectura del futuro, población urbana, sostenibilidad en viviendas, tendencias en vivienda, movilidad urbana.
Uno de los avances más significativos será la impresión en 3D en la arquitectura, que permitirá construir viviendas más rápidas y personalizadas, adaptándose a la creciente demanda de espacio. Además, la movilidad aumentará, facilitando la vida en entornos urbanos densamente poblados. Las casas del futuro no solo serán funcionales, sino también sostenibles, integrando tecnologías que reducirán nuestro impacto ambiental.
La vida urbana del futuro promete ser emocionante y retadora, donde la innovación en vivienda será fundamental para mejorar nuestra calidad de vida. ¡No te pierdas este fascinante capítulo y descubre cómo se está moldeando el futuro de nuestros hogares!
**Hashtags:** #InnovaciónEnVivienda, #FuturoUrbano, #AutomatizaciónDelHogar
**Keywords:** innovaciones en vivienda, futuro de nuestros hogares, apartamentos inteligentes, automatización del hogar, impresión en 3D, arquitectura del futuro, población urbana, sostenibilidad en viviendas, tendencias en vivienda, movilidad urbana.
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DiversiónTranscripción
00:00Find a nest, a chrysalis for us and for our families, a place to rest and take refuge from bad weather is a fundamental human need.
00:17Housing is a matter that worries everyone and today we face a serious problem.
00:22There have never been so many people on earth.
00:24For those who dream of the future, the house of tomorrow presents significant challenges.
00:29We have to deal with the problem of energy, we have to deal with climate change.
00:34The solutions in many cases lie in finding a new model.
00:40In 2050, the world population will exceed 9 billion people.
00:44Most of us will live in increasingly large cities.
00:48The worst possible scenarios predict a future in which pollution will have conquered nature.
00:53But are we in time to find alternatives?
00:58We live in very complex times, but very exciting.
01:01There is a growing number of problems, but also a growing number of necessary tools to solve them.
01:08In 2050, new technologies could allow us to break the borders as much as possible and conquer new territories.
01:17Will we live on other planets?
01:21It may sound illusory, but in the long run we will have to find out if we can live somewhere else.
01:26We will have to look for it at some point.
01:28People keep saying, that's stupid, there's no rush.
01:31But someone has to start at some point.
01:34According to science fiction, the home of the future is divided into two categories.
01:38On the one hand, director Terry Gilliam imagines endless skyscrapers with apartments the size of the cells of a prison.
01:45On the other hand, the Walt Disney studios predict beautiful and green cities.
01:49What really awaits us in the future?
01:52To answer this question, we can count on dreamers and inventors ahead of their time.
01:59Their most crazy projects include turning Paris into a tropical forest,
02:03transforming our apartments with smart furniture,
02:07building self-sufficient houses or houses printed in 3D.
02:12Not to mention living at the bottom of the ocean or even on the moon.
02:18Guided by their visions, these pioneers follow in the footsteps of the innovators
02:23who, since the dawn of humanity, have dreamed of our future.
02:29When they were not sleeping under the stars,
02:32our nomadic ancestors sought refuge in improvised accommodations and caves.
02:37But they dreamed of something better.
02:39500,000 years ago, they began to organize their caves and build cabins with branches and animal skins.
02:45In other words, they were looking for comfort.
02:48About 12,000 BC, they gradually began to establish themselves.
02:52They found innovative ways to adapt their houses to the environment.
02:56Their houses were made of stone, adobe, wood or brick.
03:00About 4,000 BC, in Mesopotamia, the peoples became cities that had to be organized.
03:06This is how urban planning was born.
03:09In the 1st century BC, Roman villages improved comfort and functionality,
03:14as described by the architect Vitruvius.
03:16They combined the benefits of urban life and the charm of domesticated nature.
03:21Over the centuries, houses became symbols of power.
03:25Palaces and mansions surpassed each other when it came to displaying the wealth of their owners.
03:31In the 15th century, Europe adopted the golden ratio defined by the Freilich mathematician Luca Pacioli.
03:36Regularity, symmetry and ideal proportions.
03:42These rules still influence architects from all over the world.
03:46In the 19th century, due to the Industrial Revolution,
03:49large cities became centers of economic activity, attracting a growing number of people.
03:55Space had to be optimized, which is exactly what Baron Haussmann did in Paris.
04:02In 1884, in Chicago, William de Baron Cheney built the first skyscraper,
04:08the Home Insurance Building, which was 42 meters high.
04:12At the beginning of the 20th century, water, gas and electricity became the norm in urban houses.
04:18Symbols of comfort and modernity, cities began to attract the population of rural areas.
04:24In 1952, to accommodate everyone, Le Corbusier launched the concept of public housing,
04:29the Cité Gadiés.
04:31Already at the dawn of the 21st century, things have begun to crumble.
04:35With too much population density, too much pollution and excessively expensive,
04:39the city has become the symbol of a society in crisis.
04:42It is necessary to rethink housing.
04:48In 2008, for the first time in history, there were more people living in urban areas than in rural areas.
04:55Cities have become our primary habitat.
04:59It seems that the whole world has become urban.
05:07In 2050, the number of megacities, oversized cities that house millions of people, will skyrocket.
05:15Cities like Shanghai, New Delhi, Mexico or Cairo could very well surpass the mark of 30 million people.
05:22The only population of Tokyo, currently the most populated city on Earth, could reach 50 million.
05:34It is incredibly exciting to face the conditions we have in front of us at this time.
05:41Because the planet is going through a period of extreme and rapid urbanization.
05:50I think this is the great challenge of our time.
05:54A challenge that multiplies the number of problems.
06:00Cities continue to attract an increasing number of people because they become the center of society.
06:05But their spectacular growth pays a price.
06:08Pollution.
06:10Although they only cover 2% of the world's surface, cities consume 75% of the energy produced around the planet.
06:17And they are responsible for more than 70% of carbon dioxide emissions, the gas that is causing climate change.
06:24There are huge efforts being made all over the world, including Europe, to bring nature and agriculture into cities.
06:35Trying to combine urban life with nature, a French architect has decided to completely rethink our models.
06:42His project? Turn Paris into the greenest city in the world in 2050.
06:48I am often considered a lunatic.
06:51But I have realized that people desperately want to live among lunatics.
06:59My name is Vincent Callebaut.
07:03And my dream is to live in a city where there is no more pollution or waste.
07:09My first vision of Paris was a lithography that hung on my bed when I was a child.
07:28It was a gift from my grandmother.
07:30And that day I thought, when I grow up, I want to live in Paris.
07:39The current urban model has become completely obsolete.
07:43Because it is based on the import of raw materials and natural resources, and on the export of pollution and waste.
07:51Contemporary cities are built mostly with steel and cement.
07:57Two materials that emit a large amount of carbon dioxide during their production.
08:03Instead, we could use wood and bamboo, which capture carbon dioxide as they grow.
08:10We would end up reversing the process and returning to the old techniques to create an ecological architecture.
08:23Personally, I wanted to fight trauma, against the constant anxiety that causes climate change.
08:30Now that we have built cities above nature, we could bring it back to urban areas.
08:37And imagine that tomorrow Paris could look a bit like the Amazon rainforest.
08:45My dream is that the city of tomorrow becomes a natural ecosystem.
08:49Each neighborhood would become a forest.
08:53And each building, a inhabited tree.
08:56I am very interested in this type of hyper-hybridization.
08:59Even in cities defined by their history and heritage, anything is possible.
09:05Everything can be reinvented and filled with charm again.
09:13Will cities have a completely different appearance in 2050?
09:18What spaces will they have to conquer to accommodate a growing number of inhabitants?
09:25How will they grow?
09:27When you have to take advantage of space, always think vertically.
09:33The vertical towers are functional spaces.
09:37You can extrude them up as high as you want.
09:40They can be commercial or residential.
09:43And they allow you to have a parametric development.
09:46Because you can increase the density of the population to an optimal rate.
09:51Since Otis invented the elevator in the 19th century,
09:55architects have been thinking about housing in three dimensions.
09:59Currently, more than 9,000 buildings around the world are over 100 meters high.
10:04In recent years, the records have been broken,
10:07relegating the Empire State Building to the rank of ordinary houses.
10:14But with its glass facades and its elegant shapes,
10:17these ambitious projects require huge investments,
10:20in the order of millions of euros.
10:24Reserved for the super-rich,
10:26it is very unlikely that they will accommodate ordinary people.
10:30How will we find new space for our cities to grow?
10:36What would happen if we stopped looking up
10:38in search of urban development and changed our perspective?
10:43Capital cities tend to be by the water
10:46because for centuries their economic power came from maritime trade.
10:50But today, water also seems to be an obstacle to growth.
10:55A Dutch architect could have found a solution.
10:58To overcome this obstacle, he suggests that we start building on water.
11:06The next step to build cities will be water.
11:09It will no longer be a natural border where the city stops
11:12to become another place to go.
11:16My name is Koen Olfius,
11:18and my dream is to start using water to create better cities
11:21and to create a better world.
11:34I'm from Holland. I was born here.
11:37And if you grow up in these countries,
11:39all these meadows and all this greenery,
11:41you end up considering it normal.
11:43But it isn't.
11:44This is a very low country.
11:46It is a country that is below sea level.
11:48We live about four or five meters below sea level.
11:52We think we can conquer nature.
11:54We can build dams to be completely safe.
11:57But that idea is false.
11:59Nature is tremendously powerful.
12:01So suddenly it was as if I felt a click,
12:03and I said, this isn't right.
12:05We have to stop fighting against water
12:07and see if we can live with it.
12:09Of course, by building floating buildings.
12:12They are safe space to build and to live in this country.
12:28And then we saw that the problem we have in Holland,
12:31this fight against water,
12:33is also present in other cities like New York, London, or Tokyo.
12:36It's the same problem.
12:38All the cities need space.
12:40They need to grow, and they ask,
12:42where can we grow?
12:44They see water, and they say,
12:46we have to build a dam here.
12:48And in the end, they don't have enough space.
12:54What will we deploy?
12:56Well, I think right now,
12:58we're talking about 15 tons.
13:0015,000 kilos?
13:02Yeah.
13:03So if it goes up and down a few meters,
13:05then...
13:07Yeah, that's it.
13:09People ask,
13:11how can you build on water?
13:13Well,
13:15building on water is not that really difficult.
13:17A house on water is like a boat.
13:19You have to have foundations that hold it
13:21so that it doesn't move, and its hull.
13:23But that's not all.
13:25Because if you build on water,
13:27you will also build in other places
13:29where you don't expect the house to float,
13:31in certain waters that go up and down.
13:33So the house will have to go up and down with them.
13:35So you need to put steel guides
13:37so that it can move vertically,
13:39up and down,
13:41but not horizontally.
13:43And then you have to install
13:45the sewage connections,
13:47the electricity,
13:49the gas and the water.
13:51For all that,
13:53we use flexible tubes
13:55that can move
13:57when the house moves.
13:59Pump in and pump out
14:01dozens of little things,
14:03for instance.
14:05The simple technologies
14:07make it possible
14:09for floating houses
14:11to be exactly the same
14:13as normal houses.
14:21When I started being an architect,
14:23I was looking at water.
14:25And I was looking at cities in general.
14:27And the strange thing
14:29that we built static cities
14:31for dynamic communities
14:33is that in communities
14:35things are happening
14:37continuously.
14:39The number of children
14:41or people getting jobs
14:43or different kinds of jobs
14:45are increasing.
14:47If we do things
14:49in a different way,
14:51if we start using the water
14:53we can build dynamic cities
14:55for dynamic communities.
14:57It can happen
14:59that you have to move
15:01from Amsterdam to Barcelona
15:03or from Barcelona to New York.
15:05That would give us freedom
15:07that we have never experienced
15:09in our cities.
15:21My father asked me
15:23why don't you build on solid ground?
15:25You could do a lot of things.
15:27And I said
15:29if I build on solid ground
15:31almost all the things
15:33that I will do
15:35will be demolished in 50,
15:37in 60 or in 100 years.
15:39Because there will be no room for more.
15:41But if I now build on water
15:43the thing will not have
15:45so much to do with the building
15:47as with the change of mindset
15:49that it supposes.
15:51So if we build cities on the sea
15:53we start to see things
15:55in a different way.
15:57And I hope that Mr. Otis
15:59will make us grow into the air
16:01with his elevator.
16:03And it's the change of mind
16:05that will make it possible
16:07that we start to use water
16:09as part of a city.
16:13In 2050,
16:15thanks to bold architectural projects,
16:17reinvented cities
16:19could be a core of creativity
16:21and growth.
16:23Unfortunately,
16:25the price of housing
16:27is facing a big problem.
16:29In the future,
16:31will our metropolises
16:33become so attractive
16:35that they will exclude
16:37a good part of the population?
16:39If you want to increase
16:41the diversity in the community
16:43you have to solve
16:45the problem of housing
16:47to attract the vital blood
16:49of the city,
16:51those young people
16:53who exchange ideas
16:55in bars and clubs
16:57and can't pay the market prices.
16:59They can't live in the creative part
17:01of the city.
17:03We have to solve this issue
17:05and create affordable houses
17:07for this young social class
17:09that we call creative.
17:11To solve this problem,
17:13a new generation of architects
17:15and engineers is rethinking
17:17the very design of urban apartments.
17:19Asier Larrea came from Spain
17:21and he has built houses
17:23even in the smallest spaces.
17:25What's happening now
17:27is that we can't build buildings
17:29in the same way
17:31the Romans did 2000 years ago.
17:35My name is Asier Larrea
17:39and my dream is
17:41that the spaces around us
17:43have superpowers.
17:47What if we put the light here?
17:51I know that there have been
17:53a lot of innovations
17:55in the architecture
17:57and I'm not criticizing them.
17:59What I mean is that the basic lines
18:01tell us that if I need a bedroom,
18:03I need a room.
18:05If I need a workplace,
18:07I need a office.
18:09If I need a place to relax,
18:11I need a room to relax.
18:13And what happens is that
18:15I can't do all those activities
18:17at the same time
18:19because we are talking about
18:21things that are
18:23number one, static
18:25and number two, stupid.
18:27It doesn't make sense.
18:29So what would happen
18:31if we robotized those things
18:33and turned static and stupid objects
18:35into dynamic and intelligent architecture?
18:37One of the examples
18:39of the use of these robotic components
18:41to solve these challenges
18:43and bring hyperfunctionality
18:45to spaces is, for instance,
18:47to think about how big
18:49a closet or a wall is
18:51that you can't afford
18:53a big living room.
18:55Now imagine you have to
18:57go to bed
18:59and you turn it into a wall,
19:01yes?
19:03You can't afford
19:05a big bed.
19:07And all of a sudden you transform
19:09with a finger or a voice
19:11or a gesture, you transform
19:13the space into a bedroom
19:15when you need it.
19:17So think about spaces
19:19without compromises.
19:21Think about small apartments
19:23with huge beds,
19:25in a dining room
19:27for eight people,
19:29you know, with fully functional closets.
19:31Think about all those spaces
19:33that you can't afford
19:35and you can't afford
19:37a big living room
19:39with a big bed.
19:41And I think that is my dream
19:43as well as how we can democratize
19:45all of these tools.
19:47I mean, what if
19:49all of these complex mechanical
19:51and electronic devices
19:53were available to any designer
19:55and architect in the world
19:57and we could all create
19:59new systems?
20:01I can't even imagine it.
20:03So what if we create more tools
20:05for the buildings
20:07so that architects and designers,
20:09all of us,
20:11don't have to think
20:13about the complexities
20:15of the software,
20:17of the mechanics,
20:19of the electronics,
20:21but that those tools
20:23are calculated by us
20:25to be able to create
20:27things like Lego,
20:29so what will the interiors
20:31of the future look like?
20:33Today, thanks to the automation
20:35of houses, we can control
20:37a certain amount of objects
20:39with a simple word
20:41or a gesture.
20:43Will robots invade
20:45our homes?
20:47From vacuum cleaners
20:49to smart furniture,
20:51they bring us comfort
20:53and connectivity.
20:55But where does this revolution
20:57come from?
20:59At the moment we are witnessing
21:01an increase in the production
21:03of connected objects
21:05because every time
21:07a technological innovation
21:09is produced,
21:11it automatically translates
21:13into objects to buy
21:15and to consume.
21:17I don't think anyone
21:19wants to live in a smart house.
21:21I would rather live
21:23in someone's arms
21:25I personally believe
21:27in a technology that is reactive
21:29and that is at my service
21:31without me controlling it.
21:33I don't want to live in a house
21:35where I have to control
21:37everything from a computer.
21:39I dream of a house
21:41capable of feeling
21:43my needs without me
21:45ordering it.
21:47Will the next revolution
21:49of the famous
21:51Massachusetts Institute of Technology
21:53create a future
21:55where researchers
21:57are inventing
21:59the technologies of tomorrow?
22:01In the Department of Architecture
22:03a team is doing experiments
22:05designed to design
22:07the materials of the future.
22:09Those technologies
22:11don't come
22:13just from an increase
22:15in our development
22:17but fundamentally
22:19from radical ideas
22:21to meet our needs
22:23and our environment.
22:35There's a number of aspects
22:37in building houses
22:39in the construction industry
22:41that consume a lot of energy
22:43a lot of human and mechanical
22:45work going into it.
22:47It's a process of brute force
22:49to assemble the materials
22:51and to investigate
22:53new assembly technologies
22:55and components that assemble
22:57themselves, that collaborate
22:59with us to assemble
23:01better structures.
23:05Every industry
23:07is interested in making
23:09newer things, more intelligent
23:11and more futuristic
23:13but they tend to be robotic.
23:15So we tend to robotize
23:17cars or buildings
23:19but we're interested
23:21in researching everyday materials
23:23like wood, metal, rubber
23:25or metal foams
23:27and make them highly active
23:29that have completely new properties
23:31that change their shape
23:33that transform from flexible
23:35to solid, that move in different ways.
23:41So there's three main
23:43ingredients for programming
23:45and the three main properties
23:47themselves, how they respond
23:49to moisture, how they respond
23:51to strength, how they respond
23:53to temperature or how wood
23:55responds to moisture and metal
23:57to heat, etc.
23:59The combination of different
24:01materials and their different
24:03geometries creates different
24:05mechanical effects.
24:07So you have the materials,
24:09the mechanical transformations
24:11and finally an energy
24:13I'm combining different
24:15types of flexibility and seeing
24:17the results in the patterns of the material.
24:19Depending on it, the circles
24:21are bigger or smaller. Yes.
24:27If you look at tables or other furniture
24:29for example, we'll see that
24:31it involves a lot of logistics,
24:33large volumes, a large amount
24:35of packaging materials,
24:37lots of waste, lots of assembly
24:39when you take them somewhere else.
24:41And then it's a static object
24:43that doesn't respond to anything we do.
24:45So we're more interested in a material
24:47that can be shaped,
24:49flattened with a minimum volume
24:51so that it sits on the other side
24:53so that it's not a human effort
24:55so that it's independent of the use
24:57that we want to give it.
24:59It could be a desk,
25:01it could be a desk table,
25:03it could support a lot of weight
25:05or it could support a little less
25:07depending on the temperature
25:09so that you'd have all the products
25:11that this material can transform.
25:19The element of surprise
25:21is tremendously important.
25:23You know, we often are trying
25:25to surprise ourselves.
25:27You know, your researchers
25:29are trying to develop prototypes
25:31and the moment you get surprised
25:33something new happens, something unexpected.
25:35And if you take advantage of that
25:37we really pursue a scientific reality
25:39something like the avant-garde
25:41of what is possible
25:43mixed with a kind of shift
25:45of our reality,
25:47a shift of our perspective,
25:49a shift of all that we know today.
25:51And so it's totally possible
25:53but it's completely weird
25:55and surprising
25:57and a totally different universe.
26:01Engineers and architects
26:03who design the cities of tomorrow
26:05face enormous challenges
26:07such as ending pollution
26:09and finding more space
26:11without excluding large portions of the population.
26:13Thanks to their global innovations
26:15we will be able
26:17to turn our cities
26:19into paradise on earth.
26:23There is never a definitive solution
26:25and the essence of any architectural work
26:27is to be able
26:29to turn our cities
26:31into paradise on earth.
26:37What will happen if the future
26:39proves that our predictions
26:41were wrong?
26:43What will happen if we decide
26:45to leave the city behind
26:47and live in nature?
26:49What tools would we have
26:51at our disposal
26:53to rethink housing
26:55in such circumstances?
26:57This is a question
26:59that is becoming more and more predominant.
27:01And on the other hand,
27:03there is a certain primitive desire
27:05to live in caves again
27:07or at least in houses
27:09designed and built locally.
27:11I don't think
27:13both dynamics
27:15conflict with each other.
27:17The first is focused
27:19towards the future
27:21and the second
27:23towards an ideal past.
27:25So I think
27:27there is a real opportunity
27:29to combine these models
27:31and to incorporate
27:33intelligent services
27:35in vernacular buildings.
27:39Today, no one knows
27:41what awaits us in the future.
27:43In the middle of the New Mexico desert
27:45in the United States,
27:47a small group of dreamers
27:49has decided to ensure
27:51the survival of humanity
27:53by designing self-sufficient houses.
27:55In my opinion,
27:57a house or a home
27:59is like a ship on this planet,
28:01a ship that embodies
28:03the natural phenomena of the planet
28:05to take care of people.
28:09My name is Michael Reynolds
28:11and my hope for the future
28:13is that we learn
28:15to live in harmony with the Earth.
28:23I started thinking
28:25about building houses
28:27out of nowhere
28:29more than 40 years ago.
28:31I stayed observing
28:33the world around me
28:35and I only saw problems.
28:37Nothing seemed right.
28:39The problem is
28:41that we live separated from the planet.
28:43We try to do everything
28:45with technology
28:47and without any connection
28:49with the Earth.
28:51We have to use technology
28:53together with the phenomena
28:55of the planet.
28:57They have to be parallel.
28:59They have to be connected.
29:01And we know
29:03that this is not going to happen
29:05with architecture
29:07as we know it.
29:09So we have created
29:11a new profession
29:13called biotech.
29:22We're making these buildings
29:24for the whole Earth
29:26so that they have to be built
29:28with indigenous materials
29:30from all over the Earth.
29:32Automobiles are indigenous.
29:34Glass bottles are indigenous.
29:36They are in any country you go to.
29:38Aluminum cans.
29:40Cardboard.
29:42So we start to look at these materials
29:44thinking about how to use them.
29:46The tires go with the Earth
29:48to use
29:50more than proven
29:52resilient structures.
29:54The truth is
29:56that right now
29:58I don't know
30:00another way to build.
30:10An Earth ship is shaped
30:12by the needs of humanity.
30:14Everybody needs
30:16comfortable shelter.
30:18Everybody needs water.
30:20Everybody needs to take care
30:22of their sewage system.
30:24Everybody needs energy.
30:26Everybody needs food.
30:32Well, the buildings have to have
30:34glazing on the south side
30:36of the sun.
30:38They have to be orientated
30:40from east to west
30:42so that every room
30:44receives sunlight.
30:46As for the water,
30:48normal buildings are made
30:50to spill it.
30:52These buildings collect it.
30:54They store it.
30:56And we reconduce it
30:58to a system
31:00that gives it pressure
31:02and filters it
31:04so that you can take a shower
31:06with it and then the water
31:08goes through a rubber pipe
31:10and runs through all the pots
31:12in the room
31:14in such a way that you use
31:16the same 40 liters of water
31:18for four different things.
31:26So we are making
31:28all these things happen
31:30simply with knowledge
31:32of biology and physics
31:34at a primary level.
31:36There is no high-tech technology
31:38anywhere.
31:40Only biology and physics
31:42that will take care of us
31:44no matter what happens
31:46in the corporate world
31:48and political world.
31:52I see the potential
31:54of this working
31:56for individual housing,
31:58for villages,
32:00for towns,
32:02and for cities.
32:04Say a bunch of millionaires
32:06decide to build the city
32:08of the future,
32:10they have the infrastructure
32:12of the services of this city.
32:14In this case,
32:16every building
32:18has its own infrastructure.
32:20So it's self-sufficient.
32:22I can build a city
32:24myself tomorrow
32:26just by building
32:28the first building.
32:32In the future,
32:34will we be able
32:36to build our houses
32:38with this technology?
32:40And sometimes we forget
32:42that almost a billion people
32:44around the world
32:46live in houses
32:48below the minimum standard.
32:50I think the main role
32:52of architecture
32:54is to bring quality
32:56to as many people
32:58as possible
33:00and not to make
33:02ostentatious quality
33:04demonstrations
33:06in Africa.
33:08But in order to meet
33:10this demand,
33:12we will have to overcome
33:14a serious obstacle.
33:16Protecting your family
33:18from rain and heat
33:20has become
33:22something too expensive.
33:24It doesn't make any sense
33:26because the way
33:28houses are designed
33:30and built
33:32is completely archaic.
33:34A house costs 10 times
33:36more than a car.
33:38If we industrialized
33:40production on the same scale,
33:42the cost of a house
33:44could be reduced
33:46perfectly to 10 or 20,000 euros.
33:48What would happen
33:50if the answer
33:52came from technology
33:54that was still recent
33:56but that in 2050
33:58would allow us
34:00to build houses
34:02for future generations?
34:04Hundreds of millions of people
34:06around the world need a house
34:08and they only have a budget
34:10of 300 euros to buy it.
34:14My name is Massimo Moretti
34:16and my dream for the future
34:18is to design comfortable
34:20and low-cost houses.
34:22We are not as crazy
34:24as to think
34:26that we can save the world,
34:28but we are crazy enough
34:30to try it.
34:44One day I was wondering
34:46how to build
34:48a low-cost house
34:50when I saw a wasp
34:52building a nest.
34:54She kneaded the mud.
34:56I saw how she let
34:58the mud dry in the sun
35:00building her house
35:02of mud.
35:04I immediately thought
35:06that using any material
35:08that was in the place
35:10was a perfect approach
35:12to building
35:14at zero cost.
35:16There is mud everywhere.
35:18I thought to myself
35:20this wasp
35:22is the supreme 3D printer.
35:30We wanted to create
35:32a printer that could
35:34print houses using
35:36local materials.
35:38We had already done it
35:40with cement.
35:42It is a material
35:44that is very easy to print.
35:46But today we are focusing
35:48on more modern materials
35:50and, paradoxically,
35:52on mud.
35:54Why do I say that mud is a modern material?
35:56Because cement has
35:58catastrophic consequences
36:00for the environment.
36:02A ton of cement produces
36:04a ton of carbon dioxide.
36:06Mud and straw are very good materials.
36:12Of course there are
36:14chemical changes.
36:16The biggest change
36:18has always been the state
36:20of the materials.
36:22If the material is too liquid
36:24when deposited,
36:26it will tend to collapse.
36:28If it changes its state
36:30too quickly,
36:32it could harden
36:34inside the nozzle of the printer.
36:36Without a doubt,
36:38controlling the materials
36:40has been the most
36:42difficult task.
36:44A 3D printer
36:46is a device
36:48that stores data
36:50and replicates it.
36:52Shapes, backgrounds,
36:54air flows,
36:56light effects,
36:58heating systems,
37:00combination of materials,
37:02structures,
37:04everything fits in a document
37:06that can be shared.
37:08In 2050,
37:10this collective consciousness
37:12will be even greater.
37:14Sharing knowledge
37:16will become something very extended.
37:18I really believe in
37:20knowledge at the service of the community.
37:22When knowledge is shared,
37:24it is better for everyone.
37:30What will happen
37:32if tomorrow, thanks to the evolution
37:34of 3D printing,
37:36we could move to the moon?
37:38When we look at the sky,
37:40we have dreamed of conquering other worlds.
37:42For a long time,
37:44this dream was confined
37:46in the realm of science fiction.
37:48But space exploration
37:50in the 20th century
37:52made this dream come true,
37:54allowing astronauts
37:56to venture into space
37:58and even set foot on the moon.
38:04But could we imagine
38:06living in such a hostile environment?
38:10The human body
38:12is not only incredibly capable of adapting,
38:14but we also use technology
38:16to increase our adaptability.
38:18We protect ourselves
38:20from solar radiation,
38:22we take dietary supplements
38:24to minimize vitamin D deficiency,
38:26and we exercise two hours a day
38:28to simulate the thrust of gravity
38:30against any part of our body.
38:32Combining human nature
38:34with the ability to create
38:36new places for those of us
38:38who are not made
38:40and to turn them into ours.
38:42That is what is so fascinating
38:44about exploration.
38:46That is what I love about it.
38:48To take space exploration
38:50even further,
38:52that is the project
38:54of a team of architects
38:56at the Foster studio in London.
38:58Using a new type of 3D printer,
39:00they hope to build
39:02a lunar base.
39:04My name is Xavier D'Castellier.
39:06I'm an architect.
39:10And my dream is to build
39:12a lunar base by printing it in 3D.
39:22So when I was about 12,
39:24I asked my dad in Brussels
39:26what everything
39:28in the sky was.
39:30And I still remember to this day
39:32it's the most amazing thing
39:34I've ever seen as a young kid.
39:36And I started making
39:38lunar stations.
39:40And I think what I'm doing
39:42today is not very different
39:44from what I was doing
39:46when I came back
39:48from that exhibition.
39:50So that's why
39:52for our project,
39:54we looked at the structure
39:56of the human body
39:58and above it,
40:00another very thick dome
40:02printed in 3D
40:04and made of regolith.
40:06In short,
40:08it's like making a room
40:10in a cave.
40:14The printer would have to be
40:16as big as the building
40:18to be printed.
40:20We would have to make
40:22a machine that printed buildings
40:24and, therefore,
40:26as no one would do that,
40:28as an approximation to the idea,
40:30we have designed a pair of
40:32robot printers
40:34that will print the structure
40:36of the building.
40:38Every material,
40:40every piece is made
40:42of the same material.
40:44So the whole building
40:46is nothing more than a large
40:48assembly of different pieces.
40:50If you now start 3D printing,
40:52you might think that
40:54these are living organisms
40:56that are creating structures
40:58in a similar way to nature.
41:02They do it like her,
41:04working little by little.
41:08When we plan a building,
41:12we don't really look
41:14at the individual structures,
41:16but at the structure
41:18produced in the long term.
41:24I want to really look at
41:26what are the conditions
41:28of life in space
41:30to improve the design.
41:32And for that, we want to look
41:34at what kind of precedents
41:36there will be.
41:38What kind of precedents
41:40are there to look at that?
41:42What are these materials
41:44going to do?
41:46And one issue with them,
41:48with all of them,
41:50is that there's a big issue
41:52with having too much space
41:54in these corridors.
41:56It's all very cramped.
41:58Look at the international space.
42:00But we want to go beyond
42:02the international space
42:04because there you have
42:06all these corridors,
42:08all manner of connections
42:10between the corridors
42:12to give more space
42:14to the habitable areas.
42:16That's what we do.
42:19If we lived on a lunar base,
42:21could we colonize other planets
42:23and make Ridley Scott's movies
42:25a reality?
42:27So now that NASA can talk to me,
42:29they won't shut up.
42:31They want constant data
42:33from the lab.
42:35They got a room full of people
42:37trying to micro-manage my harvest,
42:39which is awesome.
42:41Look, I mean, I don't want to sound arrogant
42:43or anything like that,
42:45but I'm the best botanist
42:48A manned mission to Mars
42:50involves immense challenges,
42:52an unbreathable atmosphere,
42:54temperatures ranging from 25 degrees
42:56to 145 below zero,
42:58and deadly solar radiation.
43:00If we want to establish a base
43:02on the Red Planet,
43:04there are many problems to solve.
43:06The further we travel,
43:08the more difficult it will be.
43:10We'll have to protect ourselves
43:12from a hostile environment
43:14and use whatever we have at hand.
43:17We'll have to recycle our atmosphere,
43:19recycle water,
43:21and use as little as possible.
43:23It's an interesting interaction.
43:25We'll have to protect ourselves
43:27from the environment
43:29and at the same time explore it.
43:31We'll have to preserve it
43:33and use it for our own benefit.
43:35At least, that's how we see it.
43:37What would happen if one day
43:39all the technical challenges were solved
43:41and scientists were able
43:43to create a Martian colony?
43:45Would we want to call it our home
43:47and leave the Earth in peace?
43:49I think there's going to be
43:51a very interesting point
43:53in space exploration.
43:55When we move from professional astronauts
43:57to the second generation,
43:59how will the children on Mars see it?
44:01I think that at the end,
44:03we humans will become Martians
44:05and we will start to see
44:07the beauty of Mars
44:09and we will start to see
44:11the beauty of Mars
44:13and we will start to see
44:15the beauty of Mars
44:17as we saw it here on Earth.
44:23Although some of us dream
44:25of leaving the Earth,
44:27there is still a huge habitat
44:29not explored on this planet,
44:31the ocean.
44:33In the future,
44:35will we be able to live
44:37underwater like fish?
44:39I think the oceans
44:41are a huge habitat.
44:43Today, we perceive them
44:45as huge gray areas.
44:49But in 2050,
44:51I hope
44:53that we will have
44:55a more human approach
44:57and we will reestablish
44:59a positive and fertile relationship
45:01with these gigantic oceanic spaces.
45:03The truth is that they are
45:05the most important spaces on Earth.
45:07The seas and the oceans
45:09are part of the Earth's surface,
45:11which has earned it the nickname
45:13of the Blue Planet.
45:15However, living underwater
45:17is still considered a chimera,
45:19but not for this Australian engineer
45:21who has been carrying out
45:23surprising experiments
45:25to understand how we could
45:27build real underwater houses
45:29in the coming years.
45:31The most attractive thing
45:33about living underwater
45:35is making new discoveries,
45:37and that is
45:39the possibility of
45:41making new discoveries.
45:43I am Lloyd Godson,
45:45and I am a diver
45:47on a marine adventure
45:49in Australia.
45:51A diver is a person
45:53who goes underwater
45:55directly 24 hours a day.
45:57I have been together
45:59for 30 days
46:01living underwater.
46:03When I was living
46:05under all those strange noises,
46:07I took three nights
46:09to sleep well
46:11and to get used to living
46:13in that new space.
46:17And then the echoes
46:19that could be heard
46:21and that I experienced
46:23made me realize
46:25that that was not safe for me.
46:27So I left that habitat
46:29a couple of days earlier
46:31than intended,
46:33and now I am working
46:35on my third underwater habitat,
46:37and I have incorporated improvements
46:39to my first prototype.
46:45In my current project,
46:47I have spent a lot more energy
46:49on the design.
46:51In this particular case,
46:53I have integrated everything
46:55inside the same capsule
46:57rather than having a separate raft.
46:59And I have made a simpler habitat
47:01because there is not
47:03a lot of space here.
47:05I think what I am going to do
47:07is to mount some shelves
47:09around here
47:11to be able to place things.
47:15There has been a whole range
47:17of design work
47:19to make this habitat
47:21work in a short period of time,
47:23and I think that the main reason
47:25for that is to disconnect
47:27from the surface.
47:29Part of my experiment
47:31consists of completely
47:33eliminating that connection
47:35and having a self-sufficient
47:37underwater habitat.
47:39We have the technology
47:41necessary to exploit
47:43the underwater habitat
47:45and the technological requirements
47:47to be able to stay underwater.
47:51So I think it is important
47:53to achieve self-sufficiency
47:55and not depend on people
47:57on the surface to survive.
48:07But what is behind
48:09all this project
48:11is being able to work
48:13with children.
48:15I really love to get these children
48:17involved in studies and projects
48:19because they are going to be
48:21the scientists, engineers
48:23and explorers of the future.
48:25They are going to see
48:27that all this is possible
48:29and let their imagination
48:31and their creativity flourish.
48:33There are many lessons
48:35to be learned about
48:37underwater construction
48:39that can also be applied
48:41to improve life on land.
48:49Human beings have always
48:51been able to colonize
48:53and prosper wherever they wanted.
48:55In 2050, to turn our houses,
48:57buildings and cities
48:59into small pieces of paradise,
49:01we will have to continue
49:03combining imagination,
49:05technological innovation
49:07and sustainable development
49:09if we want to preserve
49:11our most precious home,
49:13the Earth.
49:23NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
49:25California Institute of Technology