偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年11月23日 第68回「菅原道真・怨霊から神となった平安貴族」
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00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, all the defeats were inevitable.
00:07How did the foreigners, who had colored the history of Japan, lose?
00:13What were the causes and mistakes behind them?
00:18This time, we will unravel the defeat of Michizane Sugawara,
00:24the great Japanese swordsman.
00:29Michizane, who was confident in himself and achieved a sudden success.
00:36What is the truth of the sudden turn of events,
00:40and the desire to cross over the power?
00:46The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The Lesson from the Defeat of the Foreigners
01:03What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:10I'm Yuri Nakanishi, playing the role of Shinko, the lesson from the defeat of the foreigners.
01:15And I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:20In the program, we have introduced the foreigners of the Heian period several times.
01:25It's really interesting to see that the power struggle in the Heian period is very human-like.
01:34In the Heian period, the battle was decided on how to become the emperor's concubine.
01:39The emperor had to give birth to his own daughter,
01:42give birth to a son,
01:45and take over the power as his concubine.
01:50If he couldn't give birth to a son, that would be the end.
01:54Even if he could, he would die before he could become the emperor's concubine.
01:59It would be a very fierce battle,
02:02because it would be like a bloodbath.
02:05But it's like a battle, so it's like a bloodbath.
02:09This person may be one of the losers in the power struggle.
02:14Here is the next story.
02:16I would like to focus on the defeat of Michizane Sugawara,
02:19who is known as the god of education.
02:23Michizane Sugawara is one of the three great Japanese Onryo,
02:27as well as a Saijin.
02:30That's right.
02:32What impression do you have of Michizane Sugawara?
02:35In fact, when I was in the 6th grade of elementary school,
02:38I took the exam for junior high school,
02:41so I went to the observatory in Yushima with my mother.
02:44My mother planted the image that I was a scary person who had become a Onryo.
02:50Oh, really?
02:52I think my mother said,
02:54if you don't study, you'll be cursed.
02:57In that sense, Michizane's role was to become the god of education,
03:00and I think he played a role that was as convenient for the Japanese.
03:04Michizane Sugawara is said to have become the Onryo
03:07because of the war against Dazaifu.
03:10It is also said that it was a crime,
03:13but was there a reason for it?
03:16It is said that the reason was that
03:19Emperor Daigo cheated on his daughter
03:22and tried to make her fall in love with Tokio Shinno,
03:25who was in charge of Daigo's wife's family.
03:28That's what it says.
03:31I'd like to find out where this is coming from.
03:37This time, we will look at the teachings of Michizane Sugawara
03:40that have been passed down throughout history.
03:44First, let's take a look at what kind of person Michizane Sugawara was.
03:52Michizane Sugawara, who is revered as the god of education and the god of heaven,
03:57was born in 845 in the Heian period
04:00as the son of Koreyoshi Sugawara,
04:03a middle-class aristocrat.
04:07Michizane, who is said to have read the Kanshi
04:10when he was 11 years old,
04:13became the Monjo-sho,
04:16who learned Chinese history and literature at the age of 18.
04:22He became an official at the age of 26,
04:25and at the age of 33,
04:28he became the Monjo-hakase,
04:31who led the Monjo-sho.
04:34At the age of 42, he became the son of Sanuki,
04:37and moved to Shikoku for a while.
04:42Four years later, he retired and returned to the capital.
04:45Michizane was employed by Emperor Uda of the Toki,
04:48and served as a consultant
04:51for various problems.
04:57Based on the situation of the Toki,
05:00Michizane tried to review the dispatch of the Kento-shi.
05:06After Emperor Uda became the son of Emperor Daigo,
05:09Michizane was active in the middle of politics.
05:16At the age of 55,
05:19he was promoted to the position of Minister Uda,
05:22who was in charge of Dajo-kan.
05:28However, two years later,
05:31Michizane was suddenly dismissed
05:34and sent to Dazaifu in Kyushu.
05:38It was the moment of Michizane's defeat.
05:44Why did Michizane leave the capital?
05:49This time, he was dismissed by Minister Uda
05:52and was sent to Dazaifu.
05:55It was the moment of Michizane's defeat.
06:01Now, let's look back at the main events
06:04of Michizane's life.
06:07At the age of 18, he became the Monjo-sho.
06:10At the age of 26, he became a doctor.
06:13At the age of 33, he became the Monjo-hakase.
06:16He was a very good doctor.
06:19He was 10 years younger than other doctors at the time.
06:28Michizane was born in the Heian period.
06:31What kind of period was this?
06:34Michizane maintained his position
06:37until the end of the 7th century.
06:40He was able to maintain his position
06:43until the end of the 7th century.
06:46However, that period came to a standstill.
06:49The feudal system of Fujiwara
06:52became particularly strong.
06:55They monopolized the power
06:58by monopolizing the position of the emperor.
07:01That kind of political structure
07:04was created in this period.
07:07What kind of person was this person?
07:10Emperor Uda was appointed by
07:13the powerful Fujiwara, Mototsune.
07:16I think Uda was a very smart person.
07:19But when he resigned,
07:22he built a new building
07:25to replace Mototsune and Tokihira.
07:28He built the Fujiwara Hokke and the Endo-i, Michizane.
07:31This is where the incident happened.
07:35Michizane was born into a family of scholars.
07:38However, he was able to become a politician.
07:41He was able to become a politician.
07:44He was able to become a politician.
07:47Let's take a look at Michizane's early life.
07:52In the middle of the 9th century,
07:55when Michizane of Sugawara was born,
07:58he had to study hard in order
08:02to study in China.
08:05The emperor, who had learned the art of writing,
08:08focused on the art of writing.
08:11In order to develop the writing ability of a pastime,
08:14the emperor studied with great interest
08:17the art of writing.
08:20Michizane's father and grandfather
08:23were highly praised by the scholars
08:26and were recognized by Dr. Monjo.
08:31From Shijuku, which is called Kankerouka, where he worked at home,
08:35he produced excellent people who passed the Kanri-Toyo exam,
08:40and formed the largest school in the court.
08:45In addition, his father, Koreyoshi,
08:48strengthened the element of Kanshi-bun to make the Kou-bun-shou more beautiful.
08:55Kon, a historian, says that Koreyoshi,
08:59who was also a poet, had a strategy for this.
09:07The basic principle of Jigaku is to be the base.
09:10In addition to that, Sugawara-sensei said that
09:13he wanted to improve the ability to create Kanshi-bun.
09:16He wanted to differentiate himself from other people,
09:19to make himself special.
09:22That's the important meaning of Jigaku.
09:30Michizane, who received the Kanshi-bun education from his father, Koreyoshi,
09:34was born with the skills of Tsuiku, Hiyu, Gijin-hou, and In.
09:39He also absorbed the vast land of China.
09:43At the age of 18, he became a Monjo-shou.
09:48Just like his father, Koreyoshi,
09:51he believed that Jigaku and Kanshi-bun could be used for the country.
09:55That was his future path.
09:58I don't think he wanted to reach a high political position.
10:05Michizane passed the Kanri-Toyo exam at the age of 26,
10:10and became an official.
10:12At first, he was perplexed by a job he was not used to.
10:16But now, he has become a Kanshi-bun.
10:21It's difficult and embarrassing to write a government letter.
10:25For a while, he decided to focus on politics.
10:30He is a very serious person.
10:33I think he was able to work at a very serious job.
10:40Michizane's talent was unexpectedly low.
10:44However, there was someone who paid attention to him.
10:48Mototsune Fujiwara of Tokino Dynagon.
10:52Mr. Shigeta, who continues to investigate the implementation of the Heian period,
10:56announces Mototsune, who was the highest-skilled person in the court.
11:03He was excellent, but he also had a strong desire to succeed.
11:08Even if he made a mistake, he would use his power as an excuse.
11:13I think he was the first person to do this on purpose.
11:18In that sense, I think he was the founder of the Sekkan family.
11:24Michizane was asked to submit a letter of resignation to Mototsune.
11:31Those who were appointed by the Kanshoku at that time
11:34were first asked to submit a letter of resignation.
11:39It's called Kenjo-no-bi.
11:41It's a performance.
11:45It's a beautiful, wonderful sentence,
11:49and it's a beautiful calligraphy.
11:54Michizane's letter of resignation not only impressed Mototsune,
11:58but also the emperor.
12:02The emperor cried when he received the letter of resignation.
12:05Even though it was only a performance.
12:08Michizane was 33 years old,
12:11and he became a professor at the Monjo.
12:14He encouraged the development of the Koshin.
12:16However, what was waiting for him was...
12:20a death sentence.
12:23At that time, Michizane had already written his own death.
12:28Michizane was sentenced to death.
12:31He was not punished for teaching,
12:33and he was not punished for the exam.
12:38In Dazaifu, Eimin,
12:41Misake, who continued to study Michizane,
12:44read Michizane's personality like this.
12:48Michizane is a straightforward person.
12:51In a sense, he may be stubborn.
12:54But once he makes up his mind, he goes straight for it.
12:59In addition, a certain voice rises among the scholars.
13:03It's the opinion of the poet, Muyoron.
13:06Even if you don't insist on writing a death sentence,
13:09you still have the ability to write a letter of resignation.
13:13I think the majority of people understand
13:16the criticism from the majority
13:19and the criticism from the minority.
13:25Michizane wrote his own death sentence,
13:29and opposed it.
13:32This is a scene where we read a poem praising the emperor.
13:36There is a virtue of the emperor,
13:39and how this virtue makes the country happy,
13:42and how it guides the people.
13:44We praise such things in the form of a poem.
13:47This is the position of Michizane,
13:50and this is the mission of us scholars.
13:53I think the death sentence was a very important concept
13:57for Michizane, including his own self-definition.
14:02I think he was a person with a strong faith
14:06that he would not give in to such a thing.
14:11In such a situation, Michizane was dismissed from his post
14:16and was appointed to the position of Sanuki no Kami,
14:19in other words, Sanuki no Kokushi.
14:22This position was a so-called promotion course.
14:25It was also a consideration to pull Michizane out of the whirlpool of conflict.
14:30However, Michizane, who wanted to serve as a poet,
14:33was very saddened by the fact that he had to leave the capital.
14:37The death sentence was an official event in the capital,
14:41and it was a party organized by the emperor.
14:44In this party, everyone read the poem praising the emperor.
14:48I think this is the role of the death sentence,
14:51so I really want to participate in such an event.
14:54However, I can't participate in the local event.
14:57This is the biggest dissatisfaction of Michizane.
15:00Michizane, who crossed the sea,
15:03saw the real situation of the local area, which was not functioning,
15:07and was perplexed.
15:09And he wrote about the people who were suffering from poverty
15:12in his poem, Kansou Jisshu.
15:16Michizane will investigate the suffering of the common people
15:21in detail.
15:26Michizane knew the reality that the country's taxes and revenue
15:30were getting more and more expensive day by day,
15:33and he strengthened a certain thought.
15:36If the nation does not connect the nation with mercy,
15:39there will be only misery and escape.
15:43If you don't do politics with a heart of mercy,
15:46it won't be fixed.
15:48In that era, Michizane was the only one
15:51who used the word mercy in politics.
15:55Michizane listened to the voice of the local officials and residents,
16:00and he pursued a politics that was close to the people.
16:03He thought that instead of following the laws of the country,
16:07we should consider the local situation.
16:11At that time, the 21-year-old Emperor Uda was in power.
16:16However, after he became the new emperor,
16:21Michizane left the government.
16:25The emperor's money, which was his destiny, was cut off,
16:29and he became self-employed.
16:33Michizane was upset about this,
16:36and he sent a letter to Uda, urging him to resign.
16:41Emperor Uda was hit by a bullet
16:46and he was not only defeated, but also beaten.
16:52However, Michizane did not give up.
16:58Emperor Uda had high expectations of Michizane.
17:07After this, Michizane made a great success.
17:16Michizane became the new emperor.
17:32After four years of popularity,
17:34the next year when Michizane returned to the capital,
17:37the first official residence in history, Mototsune, was gone.
17:41Emperor Uda did not set up a new official residence,
17:44but he started to lead the government himself.
17:50At that time, Michizane was appointed as the secretary-general of the emperor.
17:56However, he did not do this out of respect, but out of his heart.
18:03The role of the secretary-general of the emperor
18:06is to connect the government with the emperor.
18:09It is a very busy job.
18:11That is why he is most upset that he cannot make a new official residence.
18:18This is one of the reasons why he was so envied.
18:24If you make a new official residence,
18:26even non-scholars will be your enemies.
18:29Even Fujiwara and Minamoto will look down on you.
18:32You will be dragged down and crushed from above.
18:35This is not a joke.
18:37However, Emperor Uda did not hesitate to make him the secretary-general,
18:41and he also accepted him as his third son.
18:44Michizane became a member of the government.
18:49In this era, a scholar has to be a politician.
18:55In order to become a politician, a scholar has to be a king.
19:00This is the era.
19:02Michizane Sugara said,
19:04I will only study literature,
19:07so I cannot be a politician.
19:11At that time, Michizane was in charge of many jobs.
19:16Why was he so envied?
19:20The officials who cannot be trusted
19:23can just hire someone else.
19:26If they hire someone else, they will make them fail.
19:29If someone else fails, it will be a disadvantage for the emperor.
19:33But Michizane did not do that.
19:35I think that is the best way to be trusted.
19:38I think Uda also thought that
19:41Fujiwara and Minamoto were not a big power,
19:44so they would not exert much power
19:47by hiring them.
19:55Ah, I want to make a poem until I die.
20:00However, Nori saw the reality in a different way.
20:06Michizane started to reform the government.
20:10One of them was strengthening the authority of the nobles.
20:15The nobles have a lot of restrictions.
20:18For example, there are A, B, and C.
20:22The tax on A is surplus.
20:26However, the tax on B is not enough.
20:29So, the nobles turned the tax on A to B.
20:33In the central government,
20:35the nobles said,
20:37if the tax on A is surplus,
20:39give it to the central government.
20:41Michizane was against this.
20:43But he said,
20:45let's give all the resources to the nobles
20:48and let them do whatever they want.
20:51Without Michizane,
20:53the government would not have survived.
20:58He also reformed the constitution.
21:01He made a lot of changes.
21:04He said there was a teaching as a leader.
21:09It is clear that the role of the nobles
21:12is to correct the mistakes of the nobles,
21:15even if it costs their lives.
21:17Michizane must have inherited this spirit.
21:20Michizane must have recognized the role of death.
21:27Michizane pursued a better life
21:30and worked hard.
21:32Thanks to the leadership of Emperor Uda,
21:35he was able to become more successful.
21:41In a way, his ability and seriousness
21:44won over the nobles.
21:47At that time,
21:49it was hard to find someone like Michizane.
21:54Michizane did not want to be a nobleman
21:57who was not popular with the nobles.
22:00He wanted to be a nobleman
22:02who was respected by the nobles.
22:05He wanted to be a nobleman
22:07who encouraged others to work.
22:09I think the noblemen of this era
22:11and the noblemen of the present
22:13have a different image.
22:15They look like noblemen
22:17but they are noblemen.
22:19They make use of their ability to die as noblemen.
22:22That was what he had to do.
22:24I don't think Michizane wanted to live
22:27as a scholar than to be a nobleman.
22:31I see.
22:33The people of the imperial family
22:35were also aiming to the top.
22:37They were eager to go up.
22:39It was a very strong time.
22:41I didn't think I could be a scholar
22:43I didn't think it was a good idea at all.
22:46I see.
22:47But looking at the VTR,
22:49during your absence in Sanuki,
22:51I feel like you learned a lot from Michizane.
22:54Yes, I learned a lot.
22:56I learned the basics of local administration
22:58and put my heart and soul into my work.
23:01That's why I'm very happy to have established
23:04a very good relationship with the people of Sanuki.
23:07What political achievements did Michizane make
23:10during your absence in Sanuki?
23:13Due to Motochide's death,
23:15the power of Fujiwara was temporarily weakened.
23:18Here, Uda used Michizane to
23:21establish the territory of Kanpyo.
23:23To be more specific,
23:25the abolition of the Kento-ji,
23:27the suppression of the Shiei-ren,
23:29the establishment of the Takiguchi-no-musha,
23:31the reform of the tax system,
23:33and the strengthening of the Tenno-chokuzoku-kikan
23:35were all implemented one after another.
23:38I think Michizane was able to
23:40make a significant contribution
23:42to the establishment of the Tenno-shinsei-taisei.
23:44He was really in charge of a lot of things.
23:47Yes, he was.
23:49Tokihira was the one
23:51who succeeded Motochide.
23:53He was in his early 20s at the time.
23:56So his political power and connections
23:58were not at all comparable to Michizane's.
24:01Uda saw that, of course,
24:03and he thought that he could
24:05eliminate Fujiwara little by little.
24:08So he made Michizane the head of the Kuro-dono
24:11to suppress Tokihira a little.
24:14That's the kind of control he had.
24:18Whether you continue to do what you like,
24:21or whether you aim to succeed,
24:23what would you do?
24:25If you can do both,
24:27you won't have any trouble.
24:31Michizane was given the power
24:33by the powerful members of the court,
24:35and his position was elevated.
24:37However, a tragedy awaited him
24:39as he climbed to the top.
24:41It was a decisive battle against Dazaifu.
24:43The countdown to defeat began.
24:47In 896, Michizane was 52 years old
24:50when he had his daughter
24:52taken in by Emperor Uda.
24:54What kind of battle took place there?
24:57I think this is an expression of
24:59one-sided trust from Emperor Uda.
25:02If the Emperor told me to take her in,
25:04I wouldn't refuse.
25:10The next year, Emperor Uda became the Emperor's son-in-law,
25:14and when he made his 13-year-old son
25:16the Emperor's fifth son,
25:18he strongly asked for his hand in marriage.
25:22To continue to suppress Michizane.
25:26Along with Michizane,
25:28Tokihira of Fujiwara,
25:3027 years old,
25:32became the Emperor's son-in-law.
25:37Tokihira had a high rank.
25:41He studied in the Okura school.
25:46He was also called the head of the school.
25:50Emperor Uda ordered Michizane and Tokihira
25:53to give up their official duties.
25:57However, other officials strongly opposed this,
26:00and they gave up their official duties altogether.
26:05Tokihira was the son-in-law of the Okura family.
26:09And Michizane was the son-in-law of the Okura family.
26:12The son-in-law and son-in-law
26:14suppressing our heads
26:16was a great dissatisfaction.
26:18Until the boycott was settled
26:20by the Emperor of Uda,
26:22for a year,
26:24only Michizane and Tokihira
26:26carried out their official duties.
26:29He was like a buddy.
26:31Tokihira was a scholar,
26:33and he had a good reputation.
26:35He had a lot of achievements.
26:37Michizane had nothing to complain about.
26:40I think Michizane learned a lot from Tokihira.
26:44So they respected each other
26:46and trusted each other.
26:49In 898, Michizane's third daughter
26:53became the daughter-in-law of Tokio,
26:56a year younger than Emperor Daigo.
26:59Have you ever seen this?
27:01I'm sure you've heard
27:03that Michizane is after Tokio.
27:10In 899, Tokihira became a minister,
27:14and Michizane became a minister.
27:19Michizane, along with his father,
27:22his father-in-law,
27:24and his father-in-law,
27:26dedicated their lives to the Emperor.
27:30Michizane had no complaints
27:33about the Emperor.
27:38Emperor Daigo was very happy about this,
27:41and gave his son-in-law
27:43to Michizane.
27:49In the following year,
27:51there was a rumor in the capital.
27:55Michizane wanted to destroy Emperor Daigo
27:58and give his daughter-in-law
28:00to Tokio.
28:08As the year progressed,
28:10Michizane became the daughter-in-law of Tokio.
28:13She had an amazing reputation.
28:17Michizane will be executed
28:20for the crimes she has committed.
28:28This was a decisive battle
28:31that was equal to Luzai.
28:33Michizane was defeated
28:35by a 9-point shot.
28:37As the rumor goes,
28:39Michizane felt that
28:41she was committing violence.
28:44What is the truth
28:46behind the defeat?
28:53Mr. Shigeta speculates that
28:55the reason for Michizane's defeat
28:57was related to various plans
28:59to take over the Emperor's family.
29:03I think it came from
29:05the plans of Emperor Daigo.
29:07Of course,
29:09the Emperor's family
29:11and his subordinates
29:13were jealous of Udaho.
29:15Udaho's subordinates
29:17represented Michizane
29:19around Emperor Daigo.
29:21Michizane was also
29:23the son of Udaho.
29:25There was a reason
29:27why Michizane
29:29was jealous of Udaho.
29:31I think it came from
29:33the plans of Udaho.
29:36At that time,
29:38Tokihira did not
29:40defend Michizane.
29:44I think Tokihira
29:46really became a politician.
29:48Even though he had
29:50abandoned his long-time partner,
29:52he did his best
29:54to get his power back.
29:58Udaho, who learned of the situation,
30:00immediately met with Emperor Daigo
30:02and tried to make him retreat.
30:04However,
30:06he was stopped by the Eishiras.
30:09It was decided that
30:11Udaho had no authority.
30:13Udaho was the Emperor's superior.
30:15As Emperor Daigo grew,
30:17his father's interference
30:19became annoying.
30:21His father said,
30:23close the gate.
30:26Michizane left the capital
30:28without saying a word.
30:30He left the capital
30:32without saying a word.
30:36Kochi fukaba,
30:38nioi okoseyo umeno hana,
30:40aruji nashitote,
30:42haru wo wasuruna.
30:45Dazaifu Castle,
30:47located in Fukuoka Prefecture,
30:49was a military base
30:51located at the entrance
30:53to the mainland.
30:56Michizane was not allowed
30:58to enter the castle
31:00and was not given a salary.
31:05I was almost imprisoned.
31:07I couldn't go anywhere
31:09and couldn't meet anyone.
31:13The floor of the residence
31:15was destroyed
31:17and the roof was covered in rain.
31:21Michizane wrote a poem
31:23that could not be read
31:25and comforted his heart.
31:27Ie wo hanarete,
31:29mitsuki yotsuki,
31:31otsuru namida wa,
31:33momotsura chitsura,
31:35banji mina yume no otoshi,
31:37itsumo ka no sora wo aogu.
31:41Michizane hane
31:43wagami no utagai ga hare,
31:45futatabi miyako no tsuchi
31:47wo fumu hi ga otozureru koto
31:49wo negatte imashita.
31:51The place I wanted to return to,
31:53the place I should return to,
31:55I was able to do it.
31:58I was innocent.
32:00I was wrong.
32:02I was waiting for the news
32:04to come to me.
32:07That was the support
32:09of Michizane's heart.
32:11That was all.
32:15However,
32:17his dream never came true.
32:19Two years later,
32:21at the age of 59,
32:23Michizane passed away.
32:29It was like a painting.
32:31It was a fall,
32:33or rather a defeat.
32:35It was the line after
32:37he reached the top.
32:39It must have been quite shocking.
32:41Yes.
32:43As a scholar,
32:45Michizane must have regretted
32:47that he should have
32:49passed away.
32:51However,
32:53it had a political meaning.
32:55Tokihira was in his early 20s.
32:57Uda thought that
32:59this was a chance
33:01to weaken the power of the Hokkei.
33:03That's why he chose Michizane.
33:05But Michizane
33:07accepted it.
33:09Does that mean
33:11he was active?
33:13I think he was active.
33:15Emperor Uda recommended him
33:17and told him to choose him.
33:19I don't think there's anyone
33:21who would say no.
33:23If it were me,
33:25I would say,
33:27let's do it together.
33:29I think so.
33:31After two years,
33:33Uda passed away.
33:37Who do you think
33:39was behind this?
33:41I think it was Tokihira.
33:43I think
33:45Tokihira
33:47respected Michizane
33:49and accepted him.
33:51I don't think it was a lie.
33:53However, Michizane
33:55got carried away.
33:57Following Uda,
33:59Daigo's stepmother,
34:01Tokio Shinno,
34:03also had a daughter.
34:05I think it was Tokihira
34:07who was trying to do foreign policy.
34:09I think that's why
34:11he jumped over the line.
34:13Daigo, too,
34:15wanted to do foreign policy
34:17because Uda
34:19forced him to do it.
34:21I think that's why
34:23he did it.
34:25Michizane
34:27was trying to
34:29get Tokio Shinno
34:31to support Daigo.
34:33What do you think about this?
34:35Is it just a rumor?
34:37Or was there something
34:39going on?
34:41Here,
34:43Jun Ito
34:45examines the history
34:47from the perspective
34:49of a historian.
34:51In the case of Michizane,
34:53I think he was
34:55quite ambitious
34:57about his portrait.
34:59He wanted to do foreign policy
35:01in Fujiwara's place.
35:03I think he even imagined
35:05that the Sugawara family
35:07would flourish.
35:09There was a big chance
35:11for the family to flourish.
35:13I see.
35:15If Ito was in Michizane's position,
35:17he would have made that choice.
35:19So,
35:21he might have thought
35:23about getting Tokio Shinno
35:25to support Daigo.
35:27I think it's a very high possibility.
35:29I see.
35:31Various plots
35:33are being plotted
35:35within the organization.
35:37In the case of Michizane,
35:39Tokio Shinno was
35:41thrown out
35:43of the organization.
35:49Michizane was thrown out
35:51of the organization
35:53and he was feared
35:55and worshipped
35:57as a god.
35:59Let's see
36:01what happened.
36:036 years after Michizane's death,
36:05Fujiwara Tokihira,
36:07the Prime Minister of Japan,
36:09died of an illness at the age of 39.
36:11At the same time,
36:13diseases such as
36:15colds, colds,
36:17and infectious diseases
36:19began to spread.
36:21The people of Miyako
36:23began to whisper
36:25about the cause.
36:27Michizane became a god
36:29and worshipped him.
36:31Even though he didn't fall,
36:33he was attacked by the evil
36:35and died.
36:37Michizane was also affected.
36:39In 923,
36:41Daigo's son
36:43died at the age of 21.
36:45Daigo's son died at the age of 21.
36:47Daigo's son died at the age of 21.
36:49Daigo's son died at the age of 21.
36:51Daigo, who was afraid of the situation,
36:53returned Michizane
36:55to the position of Prime Minister
36:57and added a second son to the family.
36:59and added a second son to the family.
37:01I think it's a matter of values
37:03in the Heian period.
37:05There is nothing better
37:07than the power
37:09and feelings of the emperor.
37:11than the power and feelings of the emperor.
37:13However,
37:15things didn't end well.
37:19A lightning struck
37:21the Seiryō-den in the palace,
37:23and Kugyōda died.
37:25Emperor Daigo was so shocked
37:27that he died
37:29three months later.
37:31three months later.
37:35Mr. Shigeta,
37:37who has a deep knowledge
37:39of the history of the Heian period,
37:41talks about Onryō.
37:43It is the recognition of Onryō
37:45by people.
37:47If the general public
37:49recognizes this,
37:51it becomes the truth
37:53regardless of the facts.
37:55So, leaving aside the question
37:57of Onryō,
37:59if people believe
38:01that Michizane became
38:03Onryō,
38:05Onryō exists for them.
38:07I think Michizane is
38:09exactly that kind of existence.
38:11Tenmangū,
38:13which was incorporated
38:15into the capital city
38:17in order to suppress
38:19the appearance of Onryō,
38:21was later revered
38:23as the god
38:25of Onryō.
38:27However, Michizane,
38:29who climbed to the top
38:31of the world,
38:33had a great influence
38:35on the country at that time.
38:37From the end of the 9th century
38:39to the beginning of the 10th century
38:41when Michizane lived,
38:43there was a time
38:45when a new system
38:47of tax collection
38:49was created
38:51which was different
38:53from the system
38:55of tax collection
38:57in Japan.
38:59I don't think
39:01we should forget
39:03the value of Michizane's
39:05efforts in politics
39:07which he cherished
39:09throughout his life.
39:11I think he showed
39:13how useful it is
39:15for a scholar
39:17to reach a high position.
39:19On the other hand,
39:21the Dazaifu Tenmangū
39:23which was built on the shrine
39:25of Onryō,
39:27Michizane,
39:29who was also a priest,
39:31said,
39:33I don't hate the heavens
39:35or people.
39:37Of course,
39:39I don't hate
39:41Emperor Uda
39:43or Emperor Daigo.
39:45That's why
39:47the people of Onryō
39:49worshiped Michizane.
39:51Otherwise,
39:53it would have ended
39:55in the Heian period.
39:57He had a pure heart.
39:59Even now,
40:01he has many visitors.
40:03Of course,
40:05people abroad
40:07don't worship Michizane,
40:09but they feel
40:11how Michizane lived
40:13and how he felt.
40:15Michizane of Sugawara
40:17who had a great power
40:19in the Heian period
40:21has gathered people
40:23from all over Japan
40:29What is the role
40:31of Michizane
40:37On the one hand,
40:39people worship Michizane
40:41as a god,
40:43but on the other hand,
40:45people of different eras
40:47worship Michizane.
40:53However,
40:55after the death of Michizane,
40:57there was a lightning
40:59and people died.
41:11Emperor Daigo
41:13was afraid of Michizane
41:15because he didn't want
41:17to betray him.
41:19Daigo got sick and died.
41:21Michizane's Onryō theory
41:23became more and more
41:25credible.
41:27Eventually,
41:29Michizane changed
41:31from Onryō to
41:33the guardian deity of the country.
41:35In the beginning,
41:37he started from the god of poetry
41:39or the god of the jūka.
41:41However,
41:43in the field of entertainment,
41:45he started from the god of
41:47Kabuki to Rakugo.
41:49After entering the Meiji era,
41:51he became the face
41:53of Goen-shin.
41:55He was also the face
41:57of Okane-no-wa-shin.
41:59Looking at his face,
42:01Japanese people remembered
42:03that they had to
42:05do their best.
42:07It's amazing.
42:09Yes, it is.
42:11After this,
42:13we will learn
42:15a lesson from Michizane's defeat.
42:21Once again,
42:23we will learn a lesson
42:25from Michizane's defeat.
42:27Yes.
42:29Michizane's Onryō theory
42:31is based on this lesson.
42:33We should always be aware
42:35of our own existence
42:37and our own value.
42:39In Michizane's case,
42:41the reason for the war
42:43was that Daigo's
42:45attitude towards him
42:47became worse.
42:49On top of that,
42:51Michizane had his daughter
42:53taken in by Tokio Shinnō.
42:55This made Michizane
42:57feel a sense of danger.
42:59This can be said
43:01about modern companies as well.
43:03They always try to
43:05appeal their past achievements.
43:07If they don't do that,
43:09they will become useless.
43:11People often say
43:13that it's strange
43:15if their past achievements
43:17are rejected.
43:19However,
43:21modern companies
43:23don't have a chance
43:25to improve their past achievements.
43:27Their past achievements
43:29are nothing more than
43:31that.
43:33It's important
43:35to appeal your past achievements.
43:39If you don't appeal
43:41your past achievements,
43:43you will become a laughingstock.
43:45However,
43:47don't overdo it
43:49and cause misunderstandings.
43:51This is the lesson
43:53learned from the defeat
43:55of Michizane's Onryō theory.
43:59Michizane's Onryō theory
44:01was a tragedy.
44:03I was able to see
44:05the ambitious Michizane
44:07today.
44:09I was impressed
44:11and felt more real.
44:13The real Michizane
44:15at that time
44:17may have a noble personality,
44:19but he wanted to
44:21reflect his own
44:23past achievements.
44:25It's not bad
44:27to be ambitious.
44:29However,
44:31there is always a pitfall.
44:33That's true.
44:35Even a smart person
44:37like Michizane
44:39may fall into
44:41such pitfalls.
44:43I have to be careful.
44:45I don't need to be careful.
44:47Thank you very much.
44:51This is the lesson
44:53learned from the defeat
44:55of Michizane's Onryō theory.
44:59This is the lesson learned from the defeat
45:01of Michizane's Onryō theory.