新プロジェクトＸ 2024年9月21日～挑戦者たち～ 小惑星探査機はやぶさ 奇跡の地球帰還
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00:00In Sagamihara City, a boy was running towards a museum.
00:14It's a Soprano horn.
00:17What are you shooting?
00:19I love hayabusa, so I'm shooting a model of a hayabusa.
00:23What I like about hayabusa is that it has a rear engine and a low, medium, and high speed gear.
00:32Hayabusa is a model of a small planet.
00:41Hayabusa is the first human-made instrument.
00:48His goal is a small planet 300 million kilometers away.
00:56He lands and collects sand.
01:07After seven years, he returns to Earth.
01:12He delivers a capsule containing the sand of a small planet.
01:17This is a miracle story that researchers from all over Japan have created 300 million kilometers away.
01:47In the wind, Subaru
01:51In the sand, Ginga
01:56Where did everyone go?
02:00Without being seen off
02:06Pegasus in the meadow
02:10Venus in the city corner
02:16Where did everyone go?
02:20Without being seen off
02:25No one remembers the stars on Earth
02:30People are just looking at the sky
02:35Hey rain, from the red sky
02:40Tell me, the stars on Earth
02:45Pick it up, the stars on Earth
02:50Where are they now?
02:56This is a model of a hayabusa, one-half the size of a real thing.
03:03He uses a solar panel to generate electricity.
03:07He uses a special engine to go 300 million kilometers away.
03:15And then
03:19After landing on a small planet, he uses a device like an elephant's nose
03:26to collect the sand of the small planet and bring it back to Earth.
03:32The small planet is like a fossil that has not changed since the formation of the solar system.
03:39If this sample return is successful, it will be said to advance the research on the birth of the Earth and our life.
03:48If it succeeds, it will be the world's first business.
03:52However, at that time, Japan's space development was far behind the United States.
04:03In 1981, NASA launched the space shuttle Columbia.
04:12It was the most advanced shuttle to travel between space and Earth like a plane.
04:25At that time, Japan was launching a small unmanned rocket.
04:31In the midst of everyone's excitement, there was one man who couldn't stop smiling.
04:45Junichiro Kawaguchi, a senior at JAXA's Space Research Institute.
04:51The difference with NASA was frustrating.
05:01No, the difference was overwhelming.
05:04It was like a child and a college student.
05:08We had to ask ourselves what we were aiming for.
05:17Kawaguchi desperately thought of a way for Japan to show its presence.
05:25He brought a joint study group to NASA and presented a plan.
05:40It was the asteroid rendezvous.
05:46Asteroid rendezvous.
05:52Asteroids are small celestial bodies several hundred kilometers long.
06:01Many of them are scattered between Mars and Jupiter.
06:08They fly in the same orbit as the asteroid and approach at the same speed.
06:14They are observed by images and radio waves.
06:19Asteroids are small in mass, so it is difficult to control the probe.
06:26He decided to develop the technology together.
06:32However, at the 8th study group, he was told something unexpected.
06:42Asteroid rendezvous is only possible with NASA.
06:50Kawaguchi thought he had an idea.
06:55His budget was 10 times more than NASA's, so he cut the budget.
07:01Then we will do a sample return.
07:10He landed on a small planet, collected the sand, and brought it back to Earth.
07:16It was a much more difficult project than the rendezvous.
07:22It was a very difficult project.
07:28It was like a puzzle.
07:31We just did what NASA had done.
07:36It was boring.
07:39It was like an amanojaku.
07:44NASA thought it was impossible in Japan.
07:52Their planetary exploration program was still kind of at a low level compared to, say, NASA.
08:00Even when ICES announced they were going to do an asteroid mission,
08:05I think a lot of people assumed that this would be a first attempt and it might not succeed.
08:14Kawaguchi didn't want to do the same thing as humans.
08:18Kawaguchi's amanojaku personality was that of a man with a silver spoon.
08:26He was born and raised in Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture.
08:32In his junior high school, he hated to do scientific experiments in a set procedure.
08:39He had his own way of doing it, and it was dangerous.
08:46Even in his PE class in high school, he caused a stir.
08:54Kawaguchi was told that he would choose one of the exercises and do a practical test two months later.
09:05It was difficult for an amateur, so he chose a fishing rod that everyone avoided.
09:13I wanted to do something that no one else did.
09:18I wanted to do something that no one else did.
09:25I think that led to my amanojaku personality.
09:32Kawaguchi quit his job at NASA.
09:35When he returned to Japan, he gathered his team and began his research.
09:43His biggest challenge was the engine.
09:50It took at least four years for him to return to a small planet in Canada, 300 million kilometers away.
09:59He needed a fuel-efficient engine that was different from conventional chemical engines.
10:09The key man to solve the problem was Hitoshi Kuninaka.
10:15He was researching a new engine.
10:20It was a nuclear reactor.
10:26It was an ion engine.
10:30It was generated from fuel, and the plus ion was voltage-generated.
10:35It was released by combining it with a negative electron.
10:40The fuel-efficient engine was ten times better than conventional engines.
10:48However, the ion engine was not at the level to be used for long-distance travel in space.
10:59He thought this was the right place for him.
11:06We were all in the elevator together.
11:09At that time, we were told,
11:12We were all in the elevator together.
11:15At that time, we were told,
11:18We were told,
11:21We were told,
11:24We were told,
11:27We were told,
11:30We were told,
11:33We were told,
11:36We were told,
11:39More than 500 people, including private companies, will participate in the field.
11:51The leader, Kawaguchi,
11:54The leader, Kawaguchi,
11:59The leader, Kawaguchi,
12:04The leader, Kawaguchi,
12:07However, the members of the country had only completed 150 hours.
12:19Yasuo Horiuchi, a technician at NEC, who joined the engine team.
12:27I thought it was reckless.
12:30I had never done this before.
12:33The mission itself was very challenging.
12:37I had never done this before.
12:40I had never done this before.
12:45The members of the country stayed in the lab and looked for a solution.
12:54The problem was that within 150 hours,
12:58the inside of the machine that generates negative electrons began to melt.
13:07What should we do?
13:11They changed the shape and arrangement of the parts,
13:15They changed the shape and arrangement of the parts,
13:19and tried several times.
13:22and tried several times.
13:25The design change was 10 degrees.
13:29The design change was 10 degrees.
13:32Finally, they found a structure that could not melt the inside.
13:38Finally, they found a structure that could not melt the inside.
13:47The day of the endurance test has come.
13:54Engine conversion.
13:57How far can it move?
14:03This is the 1,000th hour.
14:06This is the 1,000th hour.
14:09This is the 2,000th hour.
14:12Each 1,000 hours, the members of the country put a sticker on the machine.
14:21At some point, there were 18 stickers.
14:26They achieved 18,000 hours beyond Kawaguchi's requirements.
14:3511 years have passed since the day NASA cut off coal.
14:40The small-planet probe, which was the foundation of Japan's science and technology, has been completed.
14:50We have a guest.
14:53He is Kawaguchi Junichiro, a project manager.
14:56And he is Hitoshi Koninaka, the development leader of ION ENGINE.
15:00Nice to meet you.
15:07In our reenactment drama, NASA does this and that.
15:14Did NASA have such an absolute achievement?
15:20Was it such a view from the top?
15:23We have never recovered anything from the orbit around the Earth in Japan.
15:33Even though we couldn't do that, we dropped it where it was decided and tried to get more data from there.
15:42I think that's the view of the world.
15:47It must have been a very challenging project.
15:52I think it was a back-stretching project.
15:55Back-stretching?
15:56Yes.
15:57Even though we couldn't do it.
15:59Challenge is a challenge because we have the ability.
16:03I'm facing this way right now.
16:06How long did it take to develop ION ENGINE?
16:12It took two years and 18,000 hours.
16:16I see.
16:18We have been testing for two years.
16:2324 hours a day, day and night.
16:26No lunch or dinner.
16:29We have been driving all the time.
16:32We couldn't move properly for the first three months.
16:35We stayed in the lab and loaded the engine.
16:40We did the endurance test twice.
16:42I see.
16:44We have been doing it for four years.
16:48Mr. Kawaguchi is fighting against NASA.
16:52I am also fighting against NASA in the field of ION ENGINE.
16:56It's a challenge.
16:58That was our rival.
17:01I noticed when I was watching the VTR.
17:04It's a sticker of the space battleship Yamato.
17:06Yes, it is.
17:08Why is it the space battleship Yamato?
17:10The space battleship was my hero when I was a child.
17:16It was a sticker that the young man in the country
17:21became a real space researcher and realized his dream.
17:26Yes, it is.
17:28Did you have any fear of failure?
17:32I had a strong sense of expectation for success.
17:35I think so.
17:37What about you, Mr. Kuninaka?
17:39I had an image that ION ENGINE failed and I was angry.
17:46I had an image that I was told that I couldn't reach the asteroid
17:49because of you.
17:533, 4, 2, 3, 1, 0.
17:59In May, 2003,
18:02an explorer carrying Japan's dream
18:05was launched 300 million kilometers away.
18:11When it was cut off from the launch rocket,
18:15the explorer appeared.
18:213 meters high, 6 meters wide,
18:26powered by solar panels,
18:29and remotely operated by communication with the ground,
18:33it was named as an explorer robot, Hayabusa.
18:39Like Hayabusa, which aims at a prey and kills it with certainty,
18:45it was filled with a wish to bring sand back from the asteroid.
18:55The operation team of 30 people
19:00controls Hayabusa and leads it to the asteroid.
19:06They observe the current location and
19:11send a program to correct the direction of the aircraft
19:16if it deviates from the planned orbit.
19:24The young member of the team, Yuichi Tsuda.
19:29Each instruction is a direct command to the explorer.
19:37I felt like I was entrusted with a huge responsibility.
19:47Two years and four months after the launch.
19:53Photos of Hayabusa have been sent to the city.
19:59The destination is 300 million kilometers away,
20:03the asteroid Itokawa.
20:09The photo shows the size of 540 meters.
20:16At first, I was confused about the shape of the surface,
20:19whether it was a crater or not.
20:23But now I can see the crater.
20:26It's very moving.
20:31Kawaguchi is overjoyed.
20:37The biggest mission from now on
20:42is to land at Itokawa and bring back the sand.
20:49To do that, he developed a new mechanism.
20:57He fires a bullet.
21:00It flies up the sand and stores it in a capsule for storage.
21:07The bullet is stored in a capsule.
21:14The one who led the development,
21:17Hajime Yano, felt a great responsibility.
21:23If we couldn't get the capsule,
21:27Japan would never be able to do that.
21:30I was so depressed.
21:33We were seriously worried that Japan would never go far away from the moon again.
21:43Itokawa has little gravity,
21:47so it is difficult to control the landing posture.
21:54Yano and his team spent 52 hours to find the best place.
22:04And the day of the match.
22:09It's 21 meters. B is also 21 meters.
22:13Hayabusa lands carefully at a speed of a few centimeters per second.
22:2320 centimeters left.
22:2615 centimeters.
22:2910 centimeters.
22:315 centimeters left.
22:36However...
22:41A strange graph appears,
22:44as if the altitude becomes negative and it sinks to the ground.
22:55What is going on?
23:00Shall we send it?
23:05Kawaguchi instructs to send an emergency order to raise the aircraft.
23:13The landing of the second capsule
23:21The second landing is soon discussed.
23:31If the landing fails and the aircraft is damaged,
23:36the sample will not return to Earth.
23:45However, Kawaguchi decides to take the second challenge.
23:54I can't go back without taking the sample.
23:57Because I didn't shoot the bullet.
24:00I can't go back without shooting the bullet.
24:05It's like giving up my purpose.
24:11The second landing is successful.
24:15The aircraft takes off.
24:20However, there is a problem.
24:25The bullet for collecting sand was not fired.
24:33And the nightmare comes.
24:40The communication from Hayabusa has stopped.
24:47The landing of the third capsule
24:53It was thought that the device to control the posture was damaged due to the impact of the landing.
25:02The solar panel could not receive the sunlight due to the turbulence,
25:08and there is a high possibility that the power was lost.
25:14At that time, there was no example of a search engine that had lost communication in the distant universe.
25:27The members were on the brink of despair.
25:35The communication from Hayabusa has stopped.
25:42It didn't go as planned.
25:47The communication was cut off 300 million kilometers away.
25:53At first, I thought it would return in a day or two.
25:57But it didn't return after a week.
26:00I thought it was a long battle.
26:03I didn't give up.
26:06Mr. Kuninaka, how did you feel when the communication was cut off?
26:10I couldn't get it back.
26:14The situation worsened.
26:17A lot of fuel leaked out.
26:19I couldn't maintain my posture.
26:21I couldn't go anywhere.
26:23I sent a command and waited for a reply.
26:29So, I thought it was a long battle.
26:32As a leader, I think you can imagine the difficulty of maintaining the motivation of the site and maintaining it.
26:46The members who are participating are getting farther and farther away.
26:50Of course, the members who are participating in the project from the company can't send people to the site where there is no signal.
26:59So, they have to wait for the company.
27:02So, they are getting farther and farther away.
27:05If there is a situation where no one comes for a week or two, I will be the first to come.
27:11So, I always put a pot of hot water where coffee comes out.
27:17I clean up the trash cans.
27:19When someone comes, I leave the impression that the project is active.
27:25In that sense, it was for my own sake.
27:27I tried to keep it.
27:30Did Mr. Kaguchi move by himself?
27:33I was the most disappointed.
27:35I shouldn't have done that.
27:36I see.
27:39One month after the communication was cut off, the operation team continued to search for Hayabusa.
27:49The signal was sent in the direction of Itokawa.
27:54However, no matter how many times it was repeated, there was no response.
28:02Mr. Kawaguchi calculated the possibility that the communication could be restored even for a moment.
28:14Even if the balance is lost, someday the solar panel will face the direction of the sun and there should be time for the power to recover.
28:28At that time, if the signal from the earth arrives at the right time, it can be restored by using a device that has escaped failure.
28:43I told everyone that there was still a chance.
28:49Around this time, messages of support from all over the country began to arrive at the project.
28:58Onose Naomi and Kyoko Okudaira, graduate students who helped Kouho.
29:10They made a picture book that made Hayabusa look like a boy and published it on the Internet.
29:19I tried to convey it as accurately as possible.
29:23I made it easy to understand so that even children could understand it.
29:31The picture book attracted people and children who were not interested in space.
29:39Go Hayabusa!
29:45A new history in the world.
29:51My heart was really hot.
29:54I was told, I'm sure I'll be back. I was told, do your best.
29:57I was told, take care of your health.
29:59I was told, I'm going to do my best.
30:01I was told, I'm going to do my best.
30:04I was told, I'm going to do my best.
30:06I was told, I'm going to be back.
30:08I was told, do your best.
30:10I think it was the power of researchers.
30:15They couldn't give up.
30:17Tsuda and his team continued to monitor the radio waves to see if there was any response from Hayabusa.
30:26Hayabusa
30:29You can see it in the blink of an eye.
30:31Your eyes get dry.
30:33When the radio waves come, the mountain stands a little.
30:36But you have to keep looking at the mountain that doesn't stand.
30:41But I thought I had to save Hayabusa.
30:47Two months after the communication was cut off.
30:52There was a change in the monitor in the control room.
31:00There was a big mountain in the waveform.
31:09It's a joy, isn't it? It's a good thing.
31:15But the radio waves were weak.
31:22Kawaguchi and his team called out to Hayabusa as if following a thin thread.
31:32How is the temperature of the aircraft?
31:36The posture?
31:38The orbit?
31:4030 minutes for one exchange.
31:45Hayabusa responds to each of them.
31:56Position control
32:00Main antenna
32:04Solar panel
32:06Solar panel
32:10Hayabusa regains each function.
32:19And a year later, Hayabusa finally flew to Earth.
32:28Half a year later.
32:33It was about time to get to Earth.
32:44A call came in from the control room in the country.
32:52The engine is broken.
32:56I knew that my life was at stake.
33:04I had put too much pressure on the engine to overcome the unexpected situation.
33:16In a desperate situation, a calm leader was also depressed.
33:26It's cruel, isn't it? Half a year ago, this happened.
33:32That's what I thought.
33:33I felt like I was going to be finished at the end.
33:38Hayabusa had four ion engines.
33:45Most of them had lost their function.
33:50However, there was one last option in the country.
34:00Use a combination of devices that are not broken.
34:05Cross operation
34:07Cross operation
34:11The country had secretly prepared a circuit to connect separate devices in case of an emergency before the launch.
34:24The achievements in space were insignificant, but there was no other way.
34:32In the midst of tension, the command to operate the Cross was sent.
34:48The engine started to move vigorously.
34:54I knew that the engine was accelerated.
34:56I danced and moved.
35:01I thought it was true.
35:03I thought it was true.
35:05I did everything I could.
35:07I thought it was wonderful.
35:11June 2010
35:13Hayabusa returned to Earth seven years after his departure.
35:32He cut off the capsule containing the sand.
35:49Just before entering the atmosphere, Hayabusa sent a photo.
36:02It was like a farewell message to Kawaguchi, who had burned his hometown Earth into his eyes.
36:15He was a partner who had completed the mission.
36:21I felt that he responded well to our various operations.
36:31June 2010
36:33Hayabusa returned to Earth seven years after his departure.
36:41Here comes the satellite.
36:46The end of Hayabusa was broadcast on the Internet, and 630,000 people watched it.
37:02Kawaguchi watched it alone in the laboratory.
37:12He held his head down many times in the form of a partner who had completed a great task and was burning out.
37:32June 2010
37:34I feel affectionate for him.
37:40It was very impressive that Kawaguchi was called a partner.
37:45Do you feel that way?
37:48I read the message when the communication was restored.
37:53He asked questions.
37:57If this is correct, I'll say yes. If not, I'll say no.
38:02I'll get an answer.
38:04I'm going to restore it over and over again.
38:08It's like holding hands and being held back.
38:13The launch vehicle stopped.
38:16It's beyond my imagination.
38:19The launch vehicle revived and started to move again.
38:26He answered more than I expected.
38:32That's the honest part.
38:36Did you know that Kawaguchi was a personification of Hayabusa and was receiving it like this?
38:45I think everyone naturally called him Hayabusa-kun.
38:52For me, it was our ship that delivered the capsule.
38:58I was shattered and disappeared.
39:01It was our ship.
39:05What was the significance of the success of the sample return in Japan's space development?
39:12What was the significance of the success of the sample return in Japan's space development?
39:18Since the return of Hayabusa to Earth, it has changed dramatically.
39:22Japan's space science, JAXA's trust, presence, and presence in the field of planetary exploration,
39:33have really risen.
39:36Overseas, Europe, and the United States are now able to apply for joint research.
39:45I think the world created by Hayabusa was a world of prosperity.
39:51I'm sure that the significance of overcoming various troubles and difficulties has been conveyed.
40:00What is the importance of not giving up as a leader and doing everything you can?
40:05I'm driven by trouble, but it's really precious to have this kind of experience.
40:11I'm really grateful for it.
40:14It's really a happy thing.
40:17I want to convey that I will do my best to achieve my goals.
40:30After Hayabusa burned out, a small ray of light remained.
40:38It was a separated capsule.
40:45The location of the fall was a desert in Australia.
40:50The next day, it was found safely.
40:57The capsule contained fine particles of sand that had risen due to the impact of landing.
41:07The birth of the solar system became a precious sample that approached the mystery of the birth of life.
41:20In terms of sample return, they caught up to NASA and sort of passed us by, really,
41:24in terms of expertise, in terms of experience expertise.
41:28The missions now are routinely successful and doing amazing things.
41:34That many?
41:35Yes, at the time.
41:37Hitoshi Kuninaka was in charge of the development of the ion engine.
41:44He learned for the first time that his wife, Kazumi-san, was collecting Hayabusa's articles.
41:53They keep telling me to crush it.
41:58They keep telling me to crush it.
42:03The days when I was told to crush it,
42:07when I was challenged by a research that had no results at all.
42:12Even so, this article reminds me of how important it is to keep challenging.
42:25The leader, Junichiro Kawaguchi.
42:30Actually, before the return of Hayabusa,
42:34Junichiro Kawaguchi was planning the next exploration with his friends.
42:45There is a message he left to the young people.
42:52I want them to think that they can do it, too.
42:56I think the message is to think that there is something better next time.
43:05In 2014, JAXA launched Hayabusa-2, a small planet explorer.
43:15And then...
43:24It perfectly completed the sample return by launching a bullet.
43:32Thank you!
43:40Now, JAXA is working on the first human-made project to land on Mars and bring back the sand.
43:52The will of Hayabusa, which has become a vanguard, is inherited.
44:22The first human-made project to land on Mars and bring back the sand.
44:43The next New Project X is a great flood that struck the ocean once every 100 years.
44:48The important bases of MADE IN JAPAN are submerged from the man-made body to the car.
44:53It is a revival of the first and second generation.