¿Cómo serán las ciudades del futuro?**
Las ciudades del futuro están en camino de convertirse en entornos urbanos innovadores, sostenibles e inclusivos. Con la proyección de que para 2050 alrededor del 60% de la población mundial residirá en áreas urbanas, es crucial repensar cómo diseñamos y administramos nuestros espacios. Desde el uso de tecnología inteligente hasta el fomento de la movilidad sostenible, los arquitectos y urbanistas están creando soluciones que no solo mejoran la calidad de vida, sino que también reducen el impacto ambiental.
La integración de la tecnología en la infraestructura urbana permitirá a las ciudades del futuro gestionar sus recursos de manera más eficiente. Por ejemplo, sistemas de transporte público electrificado, edificios energéticamente eficientes y espacios verdes accesibles son solo algunas de las innovaciones que están surgiendo. Además, el diseño de ciudades autónomas y la implementación de políticas de urbanismo inclusivo contribuirán a crear comunidades resilientes y adaptadas a las necesidades de sus habitantes.
Es fundamental que las ciudades del futuro sean planificadas con un enfoque en la sostenibilidad y la equidad. Esto no solo incluye la reducción de la huella de carbono, sino también la creación de espacios que fomenten la interacción social y el bienestar. Con la colaboración de gobiernos, empresas y ciudadanos, podemos construir un futuro urbano que sea realmente humano.
**Hashtags:** #CiudadesDelFuturo, #SostenibilidadUrbana, #InnovaciónUrbana
**Mejores keywords:** ciudades del futuro, sostenibilidad urbana, tecnología inteligente, diseño urbano, movilidad sostenible, calidad de vida, urbanismo inclusivo, recursos urbanos, innovación arquitectónica, espacios verdes.
Las ciudades del futuro están en camino de convertirse en entornos urbanos innovadores, sostenibles e inclusivos. Con la proyección de que para 2050 alrededor del 60% de la población mundial residirá en áreas urbanas, es crucial repensar cómo diseñamos y administramos nuestros espacios. Desde el uso de tecnología inteligente hasta el fomento de la movilidad sostenible, los arquitectos y urbanistas están creando soluciones que no solo mejoran la calidad de vida, sino que también reducen el impacto ambiental.
La integración de la tecnología en la infraestructura urbana permitirá a las ciudades del futuro gestionar sus recursos de manera más eficiente. Por ejemplo, sistemas de transporte público electrificado, edificios energéticamente eficientes y espacios verdes accesibles son solo algunas de las innovaciones que están surgiendo. Además, el diseño de ciudades autónomas y la implementación de políticas de urbanismo inclusivo contribuirán a crear comunidades resilientes y adaptadas a las necesidades de sus habitantes.
Es fundamental que las ciudades del futuro sean planificadas con un enfoque en la sostenibilidad y la equidad. Esto no solo incluye la reducción de la huella de carbono, sino también la creación de espacios que fomenten la interacción social y el bienestar. Con la colaboración de gobiernos, empresas y ciudadanos, podemos construir un futuro urbano que sea realmente humano.
**Hashtags:** #CiudadesDelFuturo, #SostenibilidadUrbana, #InnovaciónUrbana
**Mejores keywords:** ciudades del futuro, sostenibilidad urbana, tecnología inteligente, diseño urbano, movilidad sostenible, calidad de vida, urbanismo inclusivo, recursos urbanos, innovación arquitectónica, espacios verdes.
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TVTranscripción
00:00How will the cities of the future be?
00:19We have been fantasizing about the cities of the future for a long time,
00:22so we imagined them in 1920.
00:29At the end of the 20th century, we imagined them somewhat different.
00:33I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I think the cities of the future will not be very different from those of the past.
00:39As humans, we will always need horizontal floors.
00:42We will need facades in buildings to protect us from the outside,
00:46windows to look out, all those elements will continue to be present.
00:50So physically, the cities will not change much.
00:53What will change in 2050 is that we will be 6 billion living in cities, 70% of humanity.
01:04That means that we will not only have to densify the cities that already exist and expand them,
01:09but we will also have to create new ones.
01:13How will they provide shelter to all these cities,
01:16without the stress, pollution and exclusion of the most disadvantaged being unbearable?
01:21How will they manage to expand without destroying the planet?
01:27To face these challenges, an urban revolution is needed.
01:31Visionaries join a 2.0 city, smarter, more participatory and greener.
01:41We can create a city with a large density of nature,
01:44perhaps even more than before there were cities.
01:48I'm trying to predict how a design for a city or a neighborhood would actually work.
01:59If you had the guarantee that you would arrive at your destination on time,
02:03would you still be interested in having a car?
02:06I think driving is a waste of time.
02:09To me, cities and buildings breathe, they are living organisms.
02:18These dreamers follow in the footsteps of all those who have developed cities before them.
02:23About 12,000 years ago, our ancestors began to settle in small groups
02:28and put all their ingenuity to the service of agriculture and livestock.
02:32Around 6,000 BC, it was already possible to build a city.
02:36Around 6,000 BC, a real technological revolution was taking place.
02:41Agricultural innovations, highly efficient irrigation systems,
02:44the manufacture of ceramics and bricks.
02:46Man has never stopped inventing ways to make life easier.
02:50As a result, we moved from the countryside to the city.
02:53Thus, in Mesopotamia, in the 4th century BC, our lifestyle changed radically.
02:58Empires flourished, centered in their cities-state.
03:02Very soon it was necessary to plan this urban explosion.
03:05In the 5th century BC, in Athens,
03:07Hippodrome of Miletus conceived a more functional, more geometric city.
03:11In the 1st century, the largest city in the world was Rome,
03:14with almost a million inhabitants.
03:16The large cities multiplied.
03:18In the 8th century, Xian in China and in the 9th century, Bagdad,
03:22surpassed ancient Rome.
03:24In the Middle Ages, we got into the walls of fortified cities.
03:28We were a bit cramped, but at least we were safe.
03:31During the Renaissance, proportion, harmony and symmetry
03:34were combined to redesign a more open city.
03:37Later, the Industrial Revolution accelerated urbanism.
03:41In the 19th century, cities flourished around mines, ports and factories,
03:45which attracted a new workforce.
03:48The large cities continued to grow and had to rationalize space.
03:52In Paris, Haussmann opened large roads in 1853
03:55and Ildefons Zerdá did the same in Barcelona in 1859.
04:00London inaugurated the first metro line in the world in 1863,
04:04a good example of the English genius.
04:06The invention revolutionized our relationship with distance.
04:09This meant that the city could expand,
04:12and by the beginning of the 20th century,
04:14it was approaching 7 million inhabitants.
04:16As that number increased,
04:18we began to dream of building vertically to accommodate everyone.
04:21As a result, urban density skyrocketed,
04:24and man looked higher and higher.
04:26In 1920, New York, with its skyscrapers,
04:29added more citizens than London.
04:31Later, in 1955, it was Tokyo,
04:34with more than 15 million inhabitants,
04:36who overthrew the Great Apple.
04:38At the beginning of the 21st century,
04:40the number of megalopolises was approaching 30,
04:42and it does not seem that it will stay there.
04:44The destination of more than 90% of urban immigration
04:47will be near the equator,
04:49in the tropical and subtropical regions,
04:51and that is where most new cities will be created.
04:54Having people moving to the cities,
04:56in principle, is good news.
04:58All indicators of literacy,
05:00access to health,
05:02infant mortality,
05:04are all better in the cities than inside them.
05:07The issue is that the scale,
05:09the speed,
05:11and the scarcity of resources
05:13with which we will have to respond to the phenomenon
05:15of migration to the cities,
05:17has no precedent in the history of humanity.
05:22The cities of 2050 will be the home
05:24of more than 6 billion people.
05:26How will we all be accommodated?
05:28Is the solution verticality?
05:30Of course, it is not what we dream of.
05:32From Le Corbusier's Buasá plan,
05:34which proposed to raze a part of Paris
05:36and replace it with threatening buildings,
05:38to the terrifying visions of cinema.
05:56We relate verticality
05:58with inhumanity and the absence of life.
06:05However, the vertical city of the future
06:07could surprise us,
06:09and even nature may have a place in it.
06:15In Singapore, a small island
06:17with 6 million inhabitants,
06:19two prominent architects
06:21are combining nature, density,
06:23and quality of life.
06:25We can create a city
06:27with a large density of nature,
06:29perhaps even more than before there were cities.
06:47One thing I like about Singapore
06:49is that nature arises everywhere,
06:51and it doesn't matter if you try to control it,
06:53because it always wins.
06:55Fig trees are huge,
06:57and you can find one
06:59that is touching the roof of your house.
07:01We find it very beautiful and very romantic,
07:03this idea that nature
07:05can so easily reclaim
07:07its rights over the city.
07:09That is why our projects
07:11propose a city full of life
07:13and covered with nature.
07:17Verticality is the only solution.
07:19We believe that the level of the ground
07:21can be doubled in height,
07:23and that nature
07:25can also have its place there.
07:37I think the solution for cities
07:39is not to keep growing horizontally
07:41and occupying territory,
07:43but to be more compact,
07:45and the only way
07:47to achieve this
07:49is by going up.
07:51Our dream is to combine
07:53verticality with dense and beautiful landscapes.
07:55We believe that it is possible
07:57to combine urban density
07:59and verticality
08:01with beautiful gardens,
08:03parks and even forests
08:05at the top of the buildings.
08:09For our first project,
08:11we simply planted some palm trees
08:13on the roof of a building.
08:15That's how it all started.
08:17Some people say
08:19that we have gone a little out of hand.
08:29Then,
08:31for the Pickering Royal Park,
08:33we managed to put the building
08:35on a vegetal surface equivalent
08:37to 200% of the surface of the ground.
08:39In fact,
08:41we have completely reproduced
08:43the park in front of the building
08:45on a vegetal surface,
08:47in the building itself.
08:49When you get a vegetal surface
08:51of 200% in a building,
08:53I think the result is something very different.
08:55It is no longer just crystal,
08:57steel and cement,
08:59it is also made of nature.
09:01One of the best achievements
09:03that we have had
09:05was from one of the people
09:07who live there.
09:09He told us that one morning,
09:11when he woke up,
09:13we brought biodiversity
09:15back to the city.
09:17That confirms
09:19that we are going in the right direction.
09:23After getting
09:25a vegetal surface of 200%,
09:27we wondered
09:29how far we could go.
09:31For our project
09:33Singapore Oasis,
09:35we have more than 1000%,
09:37that is, more than 10 times
09:39the construction surface.
09:41This is incredible,
09:43because it means that in the city
09:45of the future, more dense and modern,
09:47there may be more than 10 times
09:49the nature that there would be
09:51if the city were not.
09:57We want to completely change
09:59the concept of city.
10:01The Singapore 2050 project
10:03is a very optimistic vision
10:05of the future,
10:07although we will have to face
10:09that the new construction projects
10:11on the coast serve in a way
10:13as a barrier of protection.
10:15For our self-sufficient city project,
10:17we wanted to rethink the city
10:19instead of adapting one of the 20th century.
10:21The city will produce the food,
10:23the energy and the water we need.
10:25The solar panels require a lot of sunlight,
10:27so they will form the top layer.
10:29Just below,
10:31we can grow vegetables.
10:33The city will no longer be on one side
10:35and the countryside on the other.
10:37In Singapore,
10:39the space is very small.
10:41This makes it an ideal research field
10:43to create the Asian megalopolis
10:45of the future
10:47and find a way
10:49to increase urban density
10:51and improve our quality of life.
10:57The Skyville project
10:59is very important to me
11:01because they are social housing.
11:03It is a real leap
11:05into the future.
11:07When you are on the ground floor,
11:09you have a very beautiful park
11:11like in European
11:13and North American cities.
11:15But when you take the elevator
11:17and you go to a higher floor,
11:19you arrive at another ground floor,
11:21another park
11:23where you see children running
11:25and playing there
11:27and parents sitting
11:29looking at the landscape.
11:31And if you take the elevator again
11:33and you go to a higher floor,
11:35you arrive at a lower third floor
11:37with a third park.
11:39You can do that up to four times.
11:41On the last floor,
11:43there is a large open park
11:45for everyone.
11:47If it were a private complex
11:49for the richest,
11:51we would see private terraces at the top,
11:53but everything is public there.
11:55Anyone can go up
11:57and enjoy the views
11:59of all of Singapore
12:01We can even have a family barbecue.
12:03I think the city of the future
12:05is that,
12:07a large urban density
12:09and interconnected skyscrapers
12:11to create an area
12:13where people can meet.
12:21To live better
12:23in the cities of 2050,
12:25one thing has to change drastically,
12:27the conception of urbanism.
12:29So far, the task of planning
12:31the cities has been reserved
12:33to a few specialists.
12:35The cities of the 20th century
12:37created a huge administrative machine
12:39with separate and very different
12:41departments.
12:43The transport department did not know
12:45what the housing department did
12:47and the housing department did not know
12:49what the parks and gardens department did.
12:59We already know the result,
13:01divided cities
13:03in which each neighborhood
13:05has a single function,
13:07housing, offices, industry.
13:09To connect them all,
13:11we have trusted the car.
13:13Endless networks of roads
13:15have been built
13:17and they have ended up totally saturated.
13:19At present, we live in contaminated
13:21and cluttered cities.
13:23We are stressed
13:25and our quality of life is being affected.
13:27To break with this inefficient model,
13:29we have to give priority
13:31to people when we design cities
13:33and the best way to do that
13:35is to involve citizens
13:37in urban planning.
13:39A firefighter,
13:41a teacher and a poet
13:43have a lot to say
13:45about cities
13:47and all their advice is relevant.
13:49At MIT,
13:51the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
13:53Ken Larson and his team
13:55are giving life to participatory urbanism.
13:57Their new tools
13:59offer us a global vision of the city
14:01in all its complexity
14:03and allow the dream of every urbanist
14:05to be able to see a city in operation
14:07before it is built.
14:09I think good urbanists
14:11would like to have better means
14:13to respond to the most important problems
14:15of cities.
14:25Our work consists, above all,
14:27in finding better alternatives
14:29to traditional urbanism.
14:31We use algorithms
14:33to make simulations
14:35and predict human behaviors,
14:37traffic jams, etc.
14:39In my opinion,
14:41three are the right mix
14:43of density,
14:45diversity
14:47and urban planning.
14:49The first one
14:51is urban planning
14:53density, diversity
14:55and proximity.
14:57Nowadays, when we look at
14:59urban planning plans,
15:01there is almost no way
15:03to know how they will actually work.
15:05We are beginning
15:07to develop tools
15:09that allow us to study
15:11the different aspects of a city.
15:13CityScope is a model
15:15made up of modular blocks
15:17that can be reorganized.
15:19That makes it
15:21more realistic.
15:31This allows us
15:33to study traffic,
15:35energy consumption
15:37and many other aspects.
15:43I'm honestly a little tired
15:45of visualizing information.
15:47I'm much more interested
15:49in predicting
15:51how a certain design
15:53for a city or district
15:55will work.
15:57To do that,
15:59just move the different blocks.
16:01The simulation is updated
16:03in real time
16:05to be able to predict
16:07the movement of vehicles,
16:09social interactions,
16:11energy consumption.
16:13We have a number
16:15of different CityScope platforms.
16:17The simplest
16:19allows us to visualize
16:21walking access to parks.
16:23This is not good
16:25because it's all red
16:27and you can't walk
16:29to the parks.
16:31You have to fix it.
16:33Make it between the two.
16:35Sure, so the green is the parks.
16:37The green is the parks, yes.
16:39Maybe putting one here.
16:41Yes, and here the same.
16:43Another one here?
16:45Yes.
16:47Try it.
16:49Much better.
16:51If you move this,
16:53it should be all green.
16:55Now the parks
16:57are accessible on foot
16:59and also the jobs.
17:01You can walk from work
17:03to home.
17:05The neighborhood is much better balanced.
17:07We use Legos
17:09because everyone knows
17:11how to play with Legos.
17:13We don't want a very fragile
17:15or very complex tool.
17:17I don't care whether you are
17:19a mayor of a city
17:21or a kid,
17:23they can come and play.
17:25It's magical.
17:33Well, we have CityScope
17:35in various cities.
17:37We have one in Beijing
17:39and another in Hamburg.
17:41I think the latter
17:43is being used more
17:45because it is intended
17:47to help the community
17:49find the best places
17:51for the 20,000 refugees
17:53who have come to the city.
17:55When a group of people
17:57meet face to face,
17:59they work together
18:01on a model
18:03and try different options,
18:05which will completely
18:07change the dynamics.
18:09A problematic situation
18:11that is a source of conflicts
18:13becomes something else
18:15that is very positive.
18:17There are all kinds
18:19of possibilities
18:21that collectively
18:23will help us increase
18:25the density
18:27and minimize the negative impact.
18:29We have to look back
18:31a few decades
18:33and we have to look forward.
18:35I think that the cities
18:37of the future
18:39will be formed
18:41by compact neighborhoods
18:43united by an effective
18:45public transport system
18:47that will encourage
18:49social interactions
18:51and creativity.
18:53Living in them
18:55will be much more pleasant.
19:03The tool of Ken Larson
19:05will allow us to create
19:07together new dense
19:09and multifunctional neighborhoods
19:11in which work,
19:13entertainment
19:15and housing
19:17will be very close.
19:19In 2050,
19:21the quality of life
19:23will depend on public spaces
19:25where we can walk
19:27and go by bike.
19:29We will rediscover
19:31a city
19:33that offers us
19:35an advance of this ideal.
19:37Copenhagen has made
19:39the well-being of its inhabitants
19:41a priority,
19:43for example,
19:45by decontaminating its port
19:47and turning it into
19:49a summer bathroom area.
19:51But how can they make
19:53the most populated cities
19:55happy to their inhabitants?
19:57How is the happiness
19:59of the inhabitants?
20:01A researcher
20:03from the University College
20:05of London has invented
20:07a system to record
20:09our emotions in the city.
20:11We don't always
20:13take the most direct
20:15way to go from A to B.
20:17We all have preferences,
20:19streets we like to pass
20:21whenever we can.
20:23We all have a sentimental
20:25relationship with the city.
20:27The key for me
20:29is to understand
20:31the impact I have
20:33as an architect
20:35and designer.
20:37If you have millions
20:39of people walking
20:41through streets
20:43that tire them
20:45and frustrate them,
20:47then we have the proof
20:49that we have to change something.
20:51In my experiment,
20:53I try to make
20:55how people feel
20:57in the city.
20:59How do they feel
21:01in this street
21:03and in this other street?
21:05How do they feel?
21:07I mean their emotional state.
21:09Are they happy?
21:11Are they unhappy?
21:13Are they frustrated?
21:15Nervous?
21:17Or are they calm?
21:19To capture people's emotions,
21:21we are using this helmet
21:23and a portable electroencephalogram,
21:25a device that measures
21:27the electrical activity
21:29of the brain,
21:31and we have combined it
21:33with a GPS
21:35to have them located.
21:37We will be following you
21:39at close range,
21:4110 meters behind you.
21:43If you have any questions
21:45or you feel lost,
21:47ask us.
21:49Otherwise,
21:51you receive a message
21:53from a friend
21:55that says,
21:57we will be there in 15 minutes.
21:59And you walk 15 minutes
22:01and most of us
22:03don't stop to think
22:05what streets we will take
22:07or why we will take those streets.
22:09It is an almost automatic process,
22:11unconscious.
22:13The sensors of the helmet
22:15open a window
22:17to that unconscious process
22:19where certain emotional states occur.
22:21You cross a crossroad
22:23and you get stressed
22:25because you have to pay attention.
22:27Sometimes you don't have to pay attention
22:29because it is a less dangerous crossroad.
22:31In this way,
22:33you can establish a relationship
22:35between a street with a lot of traffic,
22:37a polluted street,
22:39and a noisy street
22:41and the emotions of someone
22:43who walks there every day.
22:45One of the experiments we did
22:47was to measure the emotional capacity
22:49of a blind person
22:51who walks through the city
22:53and compare it
22:55with that of a person
22:57without vision problems.
22:59Will there be differences?
23:01What we can do now
23:03is to map all those emotions.
23:05We can put together two maps,
23:07one with the emotions of a person who sees
23:09and another with those of a person who does not see.
23:11When we compare them,
23:13we better understand
23:15that the goal is to develop
23:17some empathy.
23:19We were surprised to see
23:21what makes a public space good.
23:23We usually assume
23:25that a pedestrian street
23:27is good for everyone,
23:29but is it really?
23:31What we discovered
23:33is that visually impaired people
23:35perceive it differently.
23:37There are more people,
23:39the sidewalks are different,
23:41there are fewer reference points.
23:43They need to be reviewed.
23:45Thanks to this data,
23:47we can propose a debate,
23:49design the cities thinking about everyone,
23:51make them more accessible.
23:53My dream for 2050
23:55is a city
23:57where no one feels excluded,
23:59where everyone has their place,
24:01whether young or old,
24:03multicultural and multiethnic.
24:05The cities of the future
24:07have to bring together
24:09the best of today's cities.
24:11For example,
24:13some are conducive to walking,
24:15others to cycling.
24:17Now we need to know
24:19how to reproduce that model
24:21all over the world.
24:29In the future,
24:31will this pleasant city
24:33be reserved for the most fortunate?
24:35Currently, almost 900 million people
24:37live in slums.
24:39The city of 2050
24:41would be a divided world
24:43in cities for the rich
24:45and slums for the poor.
24:47The best places to enjoy life
24:49should be in the most vulnerable neighborhoods.
24:51There is a redistributive capacity
24:53of public space
24:55that we should be able to use
24:57to see and operate
24:59in the city as a shortcut to liquidity.
25:01Surrounded by a team of urbanists,
25:03Scott Lloyd dreams of transforming
25:05the slums of South Africa
25:07into affordable places to live.
25:09His project, Empower Shack,
25:11also depends on the participation
25:13of the inhabitants.
25:15Slum neighborhoods
25:17and improvised settlements
25:19symbolize the failure of the government,
25:21politics and the integration
25:23of the population
25:25into the country's economy.
25:27That's exactly what interests us.
25:29Our goal is to solve these problems.
25:31In the future,
25:33it is in the countries of the south
25:35where all demographic growth
25:37will occur.
25:39In 2050, more than half
25:41of the world's urban population
25:43will live in improvised settlements.
25:45This will determine
25:47the way people
25:49will live in cities.
25:55Our mission as urbanists
25:57and designers
25:59is to reconnect
26:01the different elements
26:03that make up the city.
26:05Kailitsa is the second largest
26:07segregated district in South Africa.
26:09Residents have built
26:11their own houses.
26:13They are generally made
26:15of zinc, wood and cardboard.
26:19When you get here for the first time
26:21from Cape Town,
26:23it's like a whip.
26:29People live under
26:31the permanent threat of fires.
26:35Floods
26:37are also a threat.
26:39Not to mention the physical violence.
26:41There is almost no space
26:43between the houses.
26:4540 or 50 centimeters
26:47at most.
26:49These narrow paths
26:51that lead to sewage
26:53and water supply points
26:55are really dangerous.
26:57There are attacks and rapes.
27:03We are transforming
27:05the city in this area.
27:07Residents
27:09are actively involved
27:11in the project.
27:13From the very beginning
27:15we ask them for ideas
27:17on how to modernize
27:19their community.
27:21Every three or four months
27:23we organize a workshop
27:25with local residents.
27:27Who is this person?
27:29Do you want to live with her?
27:31Do you want to live with this person?
27:33In this way you know
27:35who your neighbors are,
27:37who you are sharing space with.
27:43We take into account
27:45their observations,
27:47their discontent and their ideas
27:49and we try to integrate them
27:51in the design process.
27:55There are certain uses
27:57in public spaces
27:59that we, as Europeans,
28:01are not familiar with.
28:03We constantly learn,
28:05we re-learn to be architects,
28:07to be urban planners.
28:09We are striving to be
28:11as transparent as possible
28:13in our way of working.
28:15With the hope that those
28:17who are involved in the long term
28:19will be able to serve as representatives
28:21when the project changes scale
28:23It is a house
28:25of very basic structure
28:27that is affordable for them
28:29and in which they can
28:31make improvements later.
28:33We have designed
28:35a two-story housing prototype
28:37because moving from one
28:39to two floors
28:41we gain 50% of the
28:43ground surface for streets,
28:45infrastructures
28:47and public spaces
28:49that allow a much more
28:51sociable development.
28:53One of the most important
28:55tasks of urban planners
28:57is to design a network
28:59of streets with accessible
29:01parks and public spaces.
29:03People get together
29:05in those public places
29:07and that increases the diversity
29:09and the level of tolerance
29:11in the neighborhood.
29:13That's where we have to be
29:15very accurate.
29:17The rest can be adjusted later.
29:19The modernization phase
29:21consists of demolishing the rubble
29:23and replacing it with our
29:25two-story prototypes.
29:27Our prototype
29:29is a very light construction
29:31with a wooden structure
29:33fully covered with wavy sheet
29:35that is used in warehouses.
29:37We chose these materials
29:39to be able to build quickly
29:41because legally
29:43we do not have the right
29:45to build on this land.
29:49The construction
29:51of the prototype is very simple.
29:53We wanted to show
29:55how easy it was to make
29:57this improvement.
29:59In the meantime,
30:01the neighbors have painted
30:03the facade with stripes
30:05of all colors and sizes
30:07and this is how the house
30:09has become part of the whole community.
30:11It has become really a symbol
30:13of the potential
30:15of urban development in the region.
30:19What we were most interested in
30:21in this project
30:23was to create neighborhoods
30:25that had their own identity
30:27and then to be able
30:29to multiply them.
30:31At this moment
30:33we are working
30:35on a pilot site
30:37similar to this
30:39that will accommodate
30:4116,000 homes.
30:43It is a very large area
30:45of the city.
30:47We have an open program
30:49and we hope that there will be
30:51initiatives that can benefit
30:53from our experience.
30:55If our project can be copied
30:57and used in other places
30:59and in other environments,
31:01we will consider it a success.
31:07And the key will be
31:09to understand that people
31:11are part of the solution
31:13and not part of the problem.
31:15In 2050 we will be
31:17connected to our cities.
31:19Smarter cities
31:21whose transformation has already begun.
31:23Omnipresent,
31:25networks of sensors similar
31:27to millions of neurons
31:29will allow the city to react,
31:31adapt to our needs
31:33in real time.
31:35Imagine a smart public
31:37light that turns on and off
31:39only depending on our movements.
31:41As simple as effective.
31:45But what happens
31:47with all the personal information
31:49collected by these cities?
31:51Are we going to lose control of our lives?
31:53When you collect information,
31:55privacy problems always arise
31:57and it is important to take it into account.
31:59What is happening in cities
32:01is little compared to what is happening
32:03in our lives.
32:05Every time we enter a social network,
32:07we post something, we send an email,
32:09we pay with a credit card
32:11or we use a mobile phone,
32:13it is something very important that must be discussed.
32:15The connected city or smart city
32:17is nothing more than a technological tool
32:19but well used
32:21can improve our lives.
32:23At MIT in Boston,
32:25a researcher dreams of using these new technologies
32:27to protect us from pollution.
32:29As a scientist,
32:31I try to understand cities
32:33and the use we give them
32:35to make them more durable,
32:37efficient and pleasant.
32:43What is the world's health organization?
32:53According to the World Health Organization,
32:557 million people
32:57die prematurely every year
32:59due to air pollution.
33:03Every day, when we go to work,
33:05to school,
33:07when we do our daily activities,
33:09we are exposed to this pollution.
33:13I want to take advantage of
33:15the low cost of sensors
33:17and advances in data analysis
33:19and I want to be creative
33:21and gather all that information
33:23to help my friends,
33:25my family and the people who live in the cities
33:27to reduce their daily exposure
33:29to pollution.
33:33I am directing a project called
33:35Airscape Singapore
33:37for which we have collected information
33:39about air quality and climate
33:41thanks to small and cheap sensors
33:43with which we have equipped
33:45residents of a very busy
33:47part of Singapore.
33:53The smartphones they carry
33:55leave digital traces
33:57and allow them to follow their movements.
33:59When they carry the sensors on their phones,
34:01all that information they collect
34:03is mapped and visualized
34:05in a web application.
34:07It is an interactive application
34:09where people have their profile
34:11and can see the means of transport
34:13they have chosen,
34:15if they have been walking,
34:17cycling or running,
34:19what route they have followed,
34:21what impact this has had on their exposure
34:23to pollution and the amount of pollutants
34:25they have inhaled.
34:27In this way, if I have to move
34:29from A to B through the city,
34:31the application will calculate
34:33the shortest and least polluted route.
34:37Our world is increasingly connected.
34:39We are connected to objects
34:41that communicate with each other
34:43and that now also communicate
34:45with the cities.
34:47The cities of the future
34:49will record information
34:51of all kinds
34:53about what is good or bad
34:55for our health.
34:57We are working
34:59with the city of Cambridge
35:01to install sensors
35:03in the air
35:05because there are streetlights
35:07all over the city.
35:09These devices will allow
35:11to analyze the intersections
35:13to make them safer,
35:15less congested,
35:17less polluted
35:19and less harmful
35:21to health.
35:23We have already installed
35:25an air quality control system
35:27at the intersection of Bassar Street
35:29with Massachusetts Avenue
35:31right next to the MIT.
35:33If the level of air pollution
35:35is too high,
35:37if there are many pedestrians,
35:39it will take control of the traffic lights
35:41to reduce the number of vehicles
35:43and their emissions.
35:47So we have put the human being,
35:49the pedestrian and the cyclist
35:51at the center of our considerations
35:53in front of the cars.
35:57Ultimately, our cities
35:59will be able to reduce
36:01the air pollution.
36:09I dream of a very quiet
36:11and peaceful city,
36:13a city that has
36:15no pollution
36:17or congestion,
36:19where I can walk
36:21without danger at any time of day
36:23and if I ever have children,
36:25that they are also safe.
36:27I dream of a city
36:29where I can see the stars
36:31at night.
36:39To achieve in 2050
36:41the dream of a city
36:43quiet and free of pollution,
36:45we will have to get rid
36:47of a vestige of the past.
36:49Think about how different
36:51our cities would be
36:53if we took away
36:558 cars out of 10.
36:57It is time to say goodbye.
36:59In the connected city,
37:01we will use a network
37:03of smart vehicles
37:05to move around.
37:11According to our research,
37:13a fleet of autonomous vehicles
37:15could theoretically
37:17meet the mobility needs
37:19of cities like Paris,
37:21New York or Singapore
37:23with 20% of the vehicles
37:25that there are now.
37:27In Singapore,
37:29a researcher is already testing
37:31his fleet of smart vehicles.
37:33His dream is to give us more free time
37:35thanks to more efficient
37:37urban movements.
37:39Man does many things
37:41that he should not do.
37:43I organize them into 5 categories.
37:45Dangerous things,
37:47difficult things,
37:49degrading things,
37:51unworthy things,
37:53and so on.
38:07Singapore is a megalopolis
38:09whose population does not stop increasing.
38:11And although it seems incredible,
38:13we want it to develop even more.
38:15So with the number of vehicles
38:17and streets,
38:19it cannot increase indefinitely.
38:21We are moving towards a model
38:23in which the car will be less present,
38:25in which we can move easily
38:27without having a vehicle.
38:29Singapore is very advanced
38:31when it comes to technologies
38:33that improve quality of life.
38:35The government has invested a lot
38:37in research.
38:39If you could get a fleet
38:41of vehicles that,
38:43in less than 5 minutes,
38:45were available anywhere
38:47and would take you to your destination in time,
38:49would you still want to have a car?
38:51Perhaps not.
38:53So yesterday,
38:55during the test,
38:57you did not collect information?
38:59We are working on an autonomous vehicle
39:01to facilitate door-to-door mobility.
39:03We do not want to use expensive
39:05and complex sensors.
39:07We buy our computers
39:09in the same small store
39:11where you buy accessories for games.
39:13We always seek to reduce costs.
39:15We call it
39:17frugal engineering.
39:19I grew up in the Philippines.
39:21There, the standard of living
39:23is a little lower,
39:25but I think that is a point
39:27in favor of autonomous vehicles.
39:29Frugal engineering offers
39:31many applications,
39:33especially in developing countries.
39:35We compensate the shortage
39:37of cheap sensors
39:39with software intelligence
39:41and design.
39:43That's our real philosophy.
39:45Let's say that there is already
39:47a fleet of vehicles in operation
39:49without a driver in the city
39:51and you want to go to the train station.
39:53How do you ask for a car?
39:55We have developed a very simple
39:57web application.
39:59We indicate where we are
40:01and where we want to go
40:03and she finds us a car
40:05in less than 5 minutes.
40:07It is similar to applications
40:09to ask for a taxi,
40:11only as the car does not have a driver,
40:13the car arrives and you get in.
40:17To unlock it,
40:19you have to enter the password
40:21you have received.
40:23If it is correct, the car starts.
40:27As the vehicle is connected,
40:29you can access the Internet
40:31and enjoy the journey as you wish.
40:33You do not have to waste time driving.
40:35In the future, when we feel
40:37more secure with the system,
40:39it will not be necessary to drive.
40:41And the concept
40:43can continue to evolve.
40:47Imagine small limousines
40:49with sofas in which
40:51we can relax, do things,
40:53watch a movie.
41:01A computer never gets tired,
41:03it does not get nervous.
41:05If someone overtakes him,
41:07he does not care.
41:09The driver is always the same,
41:11so there are no accidents.
41:13In addition, it will drive
41:15in the profile that minimizes
41:17fuel consumption.
41:19Sounds good, right?
41:27For pedestrian areas,
41:29we will have little cars.
41:31For example, when a class is over
41:33and you want to go to the city,
41:35you can take a little car
41:37and go to the station.
41:41When I get to the transbordo point,
41:43the driverless car
41:45will already be there waiting for me.
41:47I get out of the little car,
41:49get in the car and go to the station.
41:51You have a selection.
41:53You can choose between
41:55various types of vehicles.
41:57The car, the little car,
41:59the scooter, all that
42:01already exists in an autonomous version.
42:03They work perfectly.
42:05We will adapt the concept
42:07to the buses,
42:09to have a fleet of vehicles
42:11strategically distributed
42:13throughout Singapore.
42:15As the city is connected,
42:17we will know where there is
42:19more demand for transport
42:21and thus guarantee
42:23a maximum waiting time
42:25of 5 minutes.
42:27That does not mean
42:29that everyone has to use it,
42:31but if you want the most
42:33the duration of the journey.
42:35If people get used to that system,
42:37the number of vehicles
42:39on the streets will be considerably reduced.
42:41We will go much faster
42:43from point A to point B
42:45because there will be fewer cars.
42:47Roads and infrastructure
42:49will be used more efficiently
42:51and cars will not be
42:53standing there doing nothing,
42:55taking up space.
42:57During the journey you will be able
42:59to answer emails and it will be
43:01convenient for family and friends.
43:07All technologies
43:09can be used differently
43:11and connected cities are not an exception.
43:13We can use them to control
43:15the population or to help it
43:17participate in decisions.
43:19In my opinion, we would have to
43:21opt for the second option.
43:23Connected or not,
43:25our cities exploit
43:27the resources of the planet
43:29to develop.
43:31No matter what we need,
43:33we consume energy and we consume so much
43:35that the environmental balance
43:37is currently in danger.
43:39It is a real puzzle
43:41because the more we are,
43:43the less the Earth can satisfy
43:45our needs.
43:47There is a permanent competition
43:49between the city and the territories
43:51that it appropriates to expand.
43:53In the future, to ensure our survival,
43:55cities will reduce their environmental footprint,
43:57reinvent local production methods
43:59in the city.
44:01This is already a reality in the case of food
44:03with the appearance of urban farms.
44:09It is perfectly possible to feed
44:11all the inhabitants of New York,
44:13growing inside the city
44:15and within a radius of 150 km.
44:17Our cities
44:19will also generate their own energy,
44:21recycling waste, for example.
44:23The CO2 emitted by a factory
44:25will feed algae walls
44:27that will heat our homes
44:29through photosynthesis.
44:31In Hamburg, the inhabitants
44:33of an innovative building,
44:35the B&Q, are already benefiting
44:37from this natural and free heating.
44:39And the raw materials
44:41that our cities need,
44:43can we someday manufacture them on site?
44:45And why not invent construction materials
44:47that are less polluting
44:49and consume less energy
44:51than cement and steel?
44:53I think we have to think
44:55about completely new materials,
44:57living materials of biological origin
44:59that are used in urban design,
45:01especially in cities.
45:03In New York, an architect dreams
45:05of making the city of the future
45:07without polluting or consuming energy,
45:09replacing cement
45:11with living matter.
45:13If we think about the city in the future,
45:15I think we will be able
45:17to build a city
45:19that will not be polluted
45:21and that will not be polluted.
45:23If we think about the city
45:25as a living organism,
45:27we will open the field
45:29of possibilities
45:31and we will be able
45:33to achieve extraordinary things.
45:35For me, cities and buildings breathe.
45:37They are living organisms.
45:39They have always been.
45:41They grow, consume energy,
45:43generate waste,
45:45they change,
45:47they adapt,
45:49sometimes they degrade.
45:51They are living organisms.
45:53They have always been.
45:55They grow, consume energy,
45:57generate waste,
45:59they change,
46:01they adapt,
46:03sometimes they degrade.
46:05Cities consume huge amounts
46:07of resources.
46:09A standard building,
46:11made of steel, cement and glass,
46:13generally uses
46:15raw materials of great value
46:17that are extracted from the earth.
46:21We had an idea,
46:23mainly to use raw materials
46:25without much value,
46:27to convert them into brick,
46:29almost without energy,
46:31to generate large amounts,
46:33as we do now,
46:35and still be able
46:37to build a building.
46:39Hi-Fi is a structure
46:4113 meters high,
46:43made of 10,000 biodegradable bricks.
46:45These bricks
46:47are not manufactured,
46:49but rather cultivated
46:51with a living organism
46:53called mycelium.
46:55Mycelium grows in the forest
46:57and binds loose pieces of wood.
47:01Recently,
47:03the Ecovative factory
47:05began to industrialize
47:07this natural organic process.
47:09They have achieved,
47:11in the controlled environment
47:13of the factory,
47:15what happens naturally in the forest
47:17to make packaging products.
47:19From the Ecovative factory,
47:21we proposed to convert
47:23that material
47:25into a building material.
47:27To make this new type of brick,
47:29we start with agricultural waste.
47:31We combine it with mycelium
47:33and we don't touch it
47:35for five days
47:37without adding energy
47:39or sunlight.
47:41The mycelium grows
47:43and merges
47:45and then we take out
47:47that solid object
47:49from the mold
47:51and we dry it,
47:53which kills the mycelium.
47:55So we get a solid object
47:57that has been created
47:59with a much smaller
48:01environmental footprint
48:03than the traditional brick.
48:05We have never built
48:07a four-story building
48:09in this way.
48:15We had to call specialists
48:17to test this material
48:19and its possibilities.
48:21Hi-Fi was built
48:23in the courtyard
48:25of MoMA PS1,
48:27the Museum of Modern Art
48:29in New York City,
48:31not on a laboratory table
48:33or on an empty lot,
48:35but in a public place.
48:41Visitors
48:43could interact
48:45with the structure,
48:47touch it, feel it,
48:49feel it from the inside.
48:51It was a very beautiful experience.
48:53It allowed us to test
48:55a new concept,
48:57that of living architecture.
48:59At the end of the summer,
49:01we dismantled the structure
49:03and brought the bricks
49:05to a composting facility.
49:07For us,
49:09it was proof
49:11that you can build
49:13a building with natural materials
49:15and destroy it later
49:17without contamination.
49:19Now we can start
49:21to reinvent
49:23what a building is.
49:25If we keep the mycelium alive,
49:27the walls of the buildings
49:29could do incredible things.
49:31They could repair themselves,
49:33for example,
49:35change color
49:37when they come in contact
49:39with certain contaminating agents,
49:41or even emit a substance
49:43capable of protecting
49:45the walls of the building.
49:47In the future,
49:49the buildings will communicate
49:51with each other.
49:53By bringing
49:55the environment
49:57and the living materials,
49:59we can create
50:01better cities.
50:05So,
50:07what will the cities of the future be like?
50:09It is not easy to imagine their shape,
50:11but is that what matters?
50:13When we have managed
50:15to make our cities greener,
50:17our means of transport more efficient,
50:19when our neighborhoods
50:21are able to supply us
50:23everything we need,
50:25maybe our urban revolution will have succeeded
50:27and we will be able
50:29to give our children
50:31the city we dream of.
50:43www.globalonenessproject.org