CIENCIA (Soñar el Futuro) Comunicación
Todos los seres humanos sienten la necesidad de comunicarse. Desde la era de Internet, hemos incrementado la forma en la que interactuamos y nos comunicamos ya sea bien por medio de audio, video o texto. En 2050, la comunicación holográfica ya no será una prerrogativa de los héroes de la saga Star Wars. Las conexiones web serán mucho más rápidas que hoy y se harán intercambios a la velocidad de la luz a través de tecnologías cada vez más eficientes y más limpias.
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TVTranscript
00:00We all feel the need to communicate, to express ourselves, to stay in touch, to chat, to share.
00:18As primates, we are constantly looking for ways to communicate, to strengthen bonds with each other.
00:28The main objective of communication was to facilitate the sending of messages to anyone instantly.
00:33An objective that was achieved with the Internet and the entry into the era of hypercommunication.
00:37Every minute, more than 200 million emails and 16 million text messages are sent around the world.
00:44Not to mention the thousands of videos, photos, tweets and articles posted on social networks.
00:49As a result, sedentary Internet users spend more than 7 hours a day in front of a screen.
00:55All these communication tools can be improved and adapted so that the easiest thing to do is precisely what best responds at any time to our needs as human beings.
01:07We have a wide range of communication tools to choose from, but the important thing is to understand that we communicate differently depending on the medium we choose.
01:19In our wildest dreams, we imagine ourselves in the future communicating without the need to speak.
01:33While we wait for technology to make us all telepathic, there are dreamers all over the world conceiving a more technological and, above all, more human communication.
01:44I believe that the next generation of computer interfaces must adapt to the chaotic nature of human interaction.
01:53How do I want to live? Do the things I use, since I wake up, smart or not, respect me? Do they help me day by day so that I get the most out of life?
02:05Robots do not have emotions, of course, but since humans do have them, it might be a good idea to program robots to use emotional signals in their communication with people.
02:17All these dreamers follow in the footsteps of those who have dreamed of better communication at all times.
02:24At first, a sound and a gesture were enough to capture our attention, but to take that exchange further, we have been developing language for more than two million years.
02:35To communicate from great distances, we have had to sharpen our ingenuity.
02:39As oral transmission was not always reliable, 3,500 years before Christ, we invented pictograms, cuneiform writing, hieroglyphics and ideograms that saw the beginning of the era of written communication.
02:52Information began to circulate. Being the first to know it became fundamental.
02:58In 540 BC, Cyrus, the great father of the Persian Empire, developed a very efficient system of messengers to always go one step ahead.
03:07In Greece, messenger doves were the fastest way to get to know the results of the Olympic Games.
03:14From then on, we have not stopped looking for faster and more reliable messengers, until the Middle Ages.
03:20In the middle of the 15th century, Gutenberg and the printing press marked the beginning of the era of mass communication.
03:27Telecommunication emerged in 1794 with the optical telegraph, a system of visual signals emitted by traffic lights.
03:35But we kept dreaming of communicating almost instantly with the other end of the world.
03:41This dream began to take shape with the electric telegraph.
03:44In 1844, thanks to the talent and the code of Samuel Morse, a message from Baltimore was sent to Washington, D.C.
03:53Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone in 1876.
03:57From then on, our voice also traveled.
04:00The network of communications grew spectacularly.
04:03In 1901, Marconi established the first wireless transatlantic connection, and in the 1930s television appeared.
04:10With the first computers, in 1943, communication between man and machine began.
04:16From the 1960s, satellites established almost instantaneous connections.
04:22In 1971, Ray Tomlinson sent the first email, and in New York, Martin Cooper was the first to make a call from a mobile phone in 1973.
04:34But in 1991, the world computer network invented by Tim Berners-Lee revolutionized the way of communicating around the planet.
04:42It opened the door to third millennium tools like Facebook, Skype and Twitter.
04:47In all places there are portable computers, tablets and mobile phones with which we communicate.
05:00In 2050, the Internet will be thousands of times faster than it is today.
05:05Increasingly efficient technologies will allow exchanges at the speed of light.
05:11I think it's like the industrial revolution, with new sources of energy and new methods of production,
05:17that have enormous advantages and that improve efficiency.
05:22But above all, in 2050, two-thirds of the world's population, who currently have no access to the Internet,
05:28will finally navigate with the 9 billion human beings permanently interconnected.
05:34Connectivity will even become a fundamental right recognized by the United Nations.
05:41One of the problems of digital technology are the inequalities that it can create or aggravate.
05:47So talking about the right to connectivity of all human beings is a very good idea.
05:54To achieve this goal, engineers from all over the world have expressed their ingenuity
05:58in order to connect private areas of the Internet with the cleanest technology possible.
06:05It's not just about finding a balance,
06:08about providing Internet access to people who don't have it,
06:12but about making sure that we do it with the cleanest, most ethical and modern technology.
06:19Of all these projects, the most ambitious are surely those launched by Google and Facebook,
06:24which are fighting a real battle for the Internet.
06:27With Loon, Google intends to cover all the white areas of the planet
06:32thanks to a system of stratospheric balloons carried by the wind to more than 20 km from the Earth.
06:38Facebook, on the other hand, wants to provide the population of developing countries
06:43with free access to a selection of Internet pages, including its own, of course.
06:49In order not to leave the field free to the giants of Silicon Valley,
06:52a few ambitious dreamers are looking for local alternative solutions.
06:57The Connectar project began in Brazil, where half of the population does not have Internet access.
07:02In its laboratories of the National Institute of Aerospace Research in Sao Paulo,
07:07an engineer believes he has found a way to bring Internet to the most remote and isolated peoples of the Amazon.
07:14I think each country should take the initiative and have a good network.
07:21In any case, communication is something essential.
07:28My name is José Ángelo Neri, and my dream is to provide Internet to all Brazilians.
07:37José Neri has devised a system of balloons that fly 300 meters from the ground,
07:41an installation that allows you to continuously send the Internet signal
07:45emitted by the telecommunications antennas located tens of kilometers away.
07:51The captive balloon acts as an antenna.
07:56It is not very expensive, requires little maintenance,
08:00and we are developing technology to give it autonomy.
08:04It is the simplest way to create a global communication system.
08:08That is the idea of the Connectar project.
08:14We have kept in touch with some countries in Africa and Southeast Asia,
08:18such as Indonesia, interested in this type of technology.
08:21It would not be very difficult to launch it.
08:24That is why I believe that everyone will have at their disposal a competitive technology
08:28with a fast connection and at a reasonable price.
08:33We have to make sure, therefore,
08:35that this dream makes possible a more effective and accessible communication for everyone.
08:41To have communication, it is necessary to understand the other,
08:44whatever his language, his country or even his galaxy.
09:11Well, ok.
09:13Whether it is to sign an intergalactic peace treaty,
09:16to travel or simply to live,
09:19in the future we will all communicate in languages that we do not speak.
09:26But what if in 2050 technology would allow us to have ready
09:30the universal translator with which so much has been fantasized in science fiction?
09:34Can you understand me now, Sean Bean?
09:38Can you understand me now?
09:40A young New Yorker is on his way to make this dream come true.
09:43And like all great stories, his begins with a meeting.
09:49I knew a French girl, that's how this story begins.
09:52We had trouble communicating because she did not speak English very well.
09:55We tried to find a solution, like using an automatic translator,
09:59but it was horrible because the phone was interposed between us while we spoke.
10:03There was a barrier.
10:05We disconnected from the real world.
10:08But with this in mind, we are face to face again.
10:14My name is Andrew Ochoa.
10:16I am 34 years old and my dream is a world without linguistic barriers.
10:19It's a pretty simple idea, right?
10:21The idea that you and I can be speaking in our language
10:24and everything we say is translated into the other.
10:27It's very simple and at the same time very complicated.
10:31What is, like, the second except?
10:33Like, the full system of Pilot Translation
10:36is consisting of the Pilot headset and an application.
10:40All right, so what happens is we select the languages that we are speaking
10:44through the application and then the earpiece is in charge of translating that.
10:48Put this in your ear.
10:51Okay.
10:52Can you hear me in French?
10:54I can hear you in French.
10:56Yes!
10:57I can hear you speaking in French.
10:59What happens first is that my earpiece listens to what I say
11:03and yours listens to what you say.
11:05So my earpiece picks up my voice and analyzes it
11:08with a computer program that combines voice recognition systems,
11:12automatic translation and voice synthesis.
11:15And then in your earpiece,
11:17you listen to what I say in your own language.
11:20That works in both senses,
11:22from your earpiece to mine and from mine to yours.
11:26And if we were in a large group and we all had a headset,
11:29like, these would translate more or less at the same time.
11:32Like, more or less, like, smaller.
11:35From a hardware point of view,
11:38with the portable technology,
11:42the cost of producing a device is very cheap now.
11:49And they're also quite small to fit into the size of an earpiece.
11:53In terms of software,
11:55we have things like voice recognition or automatic translation
11:58that weren't as good seven or ten years ago.
12:01But now they're pretty good.
12:03All these things, all these technologies
12:05are getting to an advanced point of development
12:07just at the right time.
12:09Because with globalization,
12:11every day we find ourselves with linguistic barriers.
12:14So we're just like, our product arrives at the right time.
12:24Now, it only works if you have a headset.
12:28But the really amazing thing is when you can put the headset on,
12:32plant it in a street in Spain,
12:34and hear in your own language
12:36everything that people are saying around you in real time,
12:39without having to be connected to the internet or anything like that.
12:49In 2050, the digital world will allow us
12:52to make an old dream come true,
12:54that of unfolding ourselves.
12:57The human being has always had the possibility
13:00of being physically in one place
13:02and with thought in another.
13:04However, what digital technologies offer
13:07is the possibility of being in two different places at the same time,
13:11both physically and mentally.
13:14We can communicate with two different people
13:17in real time and in parallel,
13:19and that's completely new.
13:23In this second digital life,
13:25we will look for an intuitive sensory communication
13:28with which we can see, feel and touch from a distance.
13:32Talking and writing to our loved ones will not be enough.
13:36We want to have the feeling that we are really by their side.
13:41Having a more faithful three-dimensional representation in real time
13:45will facilitate interaction, of course,
13:47because we will not have to make an effort
13:50to make a symbolic representation of the other person.
13:53It will look more like what we have experienced
13:55throughout our lives.
14:00If we talk about communication in 3D,
14:02there is no better place than Silicon Valley in California.
14:05There, young engineers are creating holograms
14:08that will be very present in our future,
14:11as has been fantasized in Hollywood and science fiction.
14:14When people who are not experts in technology
14:17come to see our holograms,
14:19they say,
14:20I've seen that in Iron Man or The Avengers,
14:23and we tell them, no, those were special effects,
14:26this is reality.
14:32My dream is to give the digital world a human face.
14:36With Leia, who is what he has called his company
14:39in honor of his favorite heroine of this film,
14:42David Fatal wants to revolutionize the way
14:45our screens allow us to communicate in 3D
14:48thanks to holographic reality.
14:52We can have an immersive three-dimensional experience
14:55on a standard screen.
14:57You have the feeling of having the virtual world,
15:00the digital world, right on the tip of your fingers,
15:03in your hand.
15:04In fact, we try to create a more or less perfect illusion
15:07of the virtual world,
15:09so that it is similar to the real world.
15:14Leia is the natural evolution of screens,
15:17it is the natural evolution of phones.
15:29One of the fundamental applications of a mobile phone
15:32is holographic applications.
15:34We can imagine a system that allows you to capture faces in 3D
15:38without much precision.
15:40We are already working on that,
15:42and in fact, on using those faces as avatars
15:45for remote communication.
15:47For example, I send you my avatar in 3D,
15:50then I call you.
15:52And through the analysis of the sound of my voice
15:55or the facial expressions that the camera on my phone records,
15:59I will be able to communicate my expressions,
16:02my voice, etc. on your phone.
16:04And you will have the impression that you are talking to me.
16:07Only my head will come out of the phone.
16:11We are developing an emotional connection
16:13with the content and the conversation
16:15that we do not achieve with 2D.
16:20We can imagine a system like SIDI or Alexa on Amazon,
16:24an artificial intelligence system.
16:27We would like to talk to those systems
16:29just like we talk to a human.
16:31What would make this digital world a little less strange,
16:34which can be quite terrifying,
16:36for most people?
16:39A few hundred meters away,
16:40other young engineers dream of a communication
16:43that mixes the virtual and the real.
16:45However, they no longer want to hear about screens.
16:48What if in 2050 the computer and the phone
16:51had been left behind?
16:53The best way to get rid of them
16:55and free our hands
16:57is to install them right under our eyes.
17:02I think the last 40 years of computer science
17:05have produced interfaces
17:07that are turning humans into machine extensions.
17:11We're now thinking of 160 characters.
17:14We're limiting the entire range of communication
17:17between people to a series of photographs and short texts.
17:20It's not spontaneous.
17:22It's not chaotic.
17:24It's brief, and it's not chaotic in any respect.
17:31My name is Meron Grivets,
17:33and my dream is to simplify
17:35computer science
17:37and make it more human and natural.
17:42Okay, go ahead.
17:43Take it.
17:44And put it close to me.
17:46Like that.
17:47More or less.
17:48Kind of like that.
17:49Yeah, exactly.
17:50And so now you can scroll.
17:55Meta makes augmented reality glasses.
17:58These are see-through glasses
18:00that project holograms into the real world.
18:03You can touch these holograms with your hands,
18:06just like in Iron Man.
18:08That's what we do.
18:12Unlike what happens with Skype or FaceTime,
18:15where the face appears in two dimensions on the screen
18:18and there's no way to touch it,
18:20this new way of communicating is spatial.
18:23So you're sitting right here in front of me
18:26at that very moment.
18:28You're photorealistic.
18:29In a few years,
18:30there will be no way to distinguish
18:33our 3D Skype hologram from you.
18:38Hey, Ray.
18:39How are you guys?
18:40I can see this man in front of me in 3D,
18:43and he's photorealistic.
18:48Ray, how are you doing?
18:50Great.
18:51Great to be live.
18:54Great.
18:55Pass me the holographic brain of the video we saw earlier.
18:58Guys, this is not only going to change the phone,
19:01it's going to change the way we collaborate.
19:04Thank you, Ray.
19:05You're welcome.
19:06Instead of having to stop looking at you
19:09to look at my phone
19:11and look at my Facebook wall
19:13or getting a post notification,
19:15I'm pulling my eyes here
19:17and imagining a different future.
19:20I want to look at my Facebook photos,
19:22so I'm going to open an album
19:24that we can both see and comment on.
19:26We call it the holographic bonfire,
19:28because we've evolved as humans around the bonfire,
19:32and that's how our social relationships have developed.
19:41In 10 years,
19:42it's likely that most of us will have
19:44a kind of crystal band in front of our eyes
19:48that will do everything that computers,
19:50phones, and tablets do,
19:52but in a much more natural way.
19:57For the first time,
19:58computers will be an extension of humans
20:00and not the other way around.
20:02That's our goal.
20:04It's to develop the tools
20:06for the next generation of interfaces.
20:09In 2050, thanks to augmented reality,
20:12we'll be able to communicate in real time
20:14with avatars and holograms of such perfection
20:17that they won't be able to tell us apart from our real selves.
20:20And all of them without screens
20:22between us and our family and friends.
20:24What more could you ask for?
20:26Maybe add one more possibility
20:28to this new form of virtual communication,
20:30the possibility of touching us.
20:32Touch is a very linked sense to our growth.
20:35It's one of the first we've developed.
20:38The more coherent the information between these senses,
20:41the easier it will be for the brain to process that information.
20:46In Bristol, England,
20:48the UltraHaptics team is working on this next step,
20:51being able to touch the holograms,
20:53or, in other words, touch the void.
21:01The only way to differentiate the real world
21:03from virtual reality is through touch.
21:06You'll realize that something isn't real
21:08when you stretch out your arm and try to touch it.
21:11You'll need an optical response system
21:13that tells you whether you've touched something or not.
21:17My name is Tom Carter.
21:19I'm 27, and my dream is to revolutionize
21:22the way we interact with electronic devices
21:25and make them much more human.
21:28The visual response is for the eyes.
21:32The auditory response is for the ears.
21:35The haptic response is for the touch.
21:39So, let's say you've put on your virtual reality glasses
21:42and you've drawn a cube or a star
21:45that's suspended in front of you.
21:48And then you can stretch out your arm and you feel
21:51that you have come into contact with it and you've picked it up.
21:54Hopefully in the future you'll also be able to feel
21:56the texture of an object.
21:58Is it smooth? Is it rough?
22:00Does it feel like sandpaper, metal, or plastic?
22:06So, we use ultrasonics,
22:08which are very high-frequency sounds
22:11that are not audible to the human ear.
22:13What we do is we fine-tune the speakers
22:16so that they emit sound waves
22:18with a specific displacement between them
22:21in such a way that those sound waves
22:23are concentrated and then overlapped
22:25at a certain point at a certain moment.
22:39So, when the user is interacting with the surface,
22:42an infrared camera will be watching
22:44to see what the user is doing.
22:47If it recognizes an action that requires an answer,
22:50a click on a button, for example,
22:52we'll determine what kind of answer
22:54we want to create at that point.
22:56And then our algorithm calculates
22:58the type of ultrasonic wave that we need to create
23:01to create that feedback.
23:03So, the sound waves are overlapped
23:05at that specific point
23:07and enough force is generated
23:09to slightly move the surface of your skin
23:12in order to create different shapes,
23:15a line, a point,
23:17or even an object in three dimensions.
23:22Whoa!
23:23So, in the future, we'll be able to recreate
23:26the sensation of touching an object,
23:28but will we be able to hold hands at a distance
23:30or even hug?
23:34The next step is contact.
23:36A virtual hand, a virtual face,
23:38that we'll have the sensation of actually touching.
23:41The biggest achievement of this system
23:43is that it offers a very real tactile experience.
23:46So, when you feel that something touches your back,
23:49you have a very intimate connection.
23:52Sergio, let's play those five.
23:57If technology continues to evolve to that point,
24:00it will be one of the most transcendental changes
24:02in the history of the human being.
24:05A computer.
24:13We all want to do more.
24:15The augmented reality promises to surround us
24:17with a virtual world that will help us
24:19both communicate and entertain ourselves.
24:22And why shouldn't we?
24:24SightSystem presents
24:26SightSeeing
24:28Feel free to go anywhere.
24:31But is the human being prepared for this change,
24:34for this ultra-connected, half-real, half-virtual life?
24:39I think that in the long term,
24:41we'll tend to feel more and more stressed and overwhelmed
24:46because we just increase the load,
24:48the information channels.
24:50We bombard each other with tasks, ideas, requests,
24:54and this is something that is going to get worse over time.
25:01In his dystopian videoclip,
25:03the singer Moby shows us how it could be a world
25:06in which we could not separate ourselves
25:08from our communication tools.
25:11For the future,
25:13I imagine two possible scenarios.
25:16In the worst case,
25:18communication will be constant and immersive,
25:22which means that we will be able to communicate
25:26with each other in a virtual world.
25:29And this is something that is going to get worse over time.
25:33In his dystopian videoclip,
25:35the singer Moby shows us how it could be a world
25:39in which we could not separate ourselves from our communication tools.
25:44And in the best case,
25:46we will self-regulate
25:48to avoid a dependence on communication
25:52and technology.
26:09There is something that does not seem human in all this.
26:13If we dream of a future
26:15in which technology is respectful of human values,
26:18we will have to ask ourselves what the hell does that mean?
26:22Being human, what does that mean?
26:24What does it imply?
26:30This self-regulation could make some technological breaks necessary,
26:34a kind of digital detoxification.
26:37Welcome to the Grounded Camp.
26:40A return to the media of the past
26:43is what the Grounded Camp team offers,
26:46an oasis in which we are asked to leave technology in the closet.
26:54Some of the most connected people in the world come to the Grounded Camp.
26:59They are glued to their screens,
27:01constantly checking their Facebook and Twitter accounts.
27:05They play Pokemon Go, they are super connected,
27:08and therefore they do not have time to dedicate to others.
27:14I am Levi Felix, I am 31 years old
27:17and I hope that in the future
27:19people spend more time looking at each other's eyes
27:22than looking at their screens.
27:25Welcome to the International Institute of Digital Detoxification.
27:29When you enter here,
27:31we will take away all your electronic devices
27:33and your valuables.
27:35All that has no place in the Grounded Camp.
27:37We will put it in a bag.
27:39No mobiles, no iPads, no Fitbits, no MacBooks Pro.
27:43No smartwatches.
27:45No Apple Watches.
27:47It's over.
27:50At first we took their phone,
27:52we put it in a paper bag,
27:54we grabbed it and put it in a shelf.
27:57Now they also have to watch a video
28:00about how harmful technology is.
28:03There is an epidemic that affects 61% of the youth population.
28:07Without treatment, it can lead to extreme,
28:10disabilities and even death.
28:13Even death? I'm terrified, doctor.
28:16What epidemic is that?
28:18It's an addiction.
28:19The addiction to technology.
28:21We make fun of technology and in the end,
28:24the participants have a kind of revelation.
28:27They think,
28:29wow, it must have been 10 years
28:32that I haven't spent 4 days without my phone.
28:44In the Grounded Camp,
28:46we have a typewriter area
28:48where people can write a letter to someone.
28:51Those letters usually say,
28:53this is wonderful.
28:55We offer analogue versions
28:57of everything that can be done online.
29:01Every camper has a mailbox.
29:03We have a giant locker with 300 cardboard boxes.
29:06Each has a number
29:08and you can leave a note to whoever you want.
29:11At the end of the day,
29:12they open it and see the messages they have received.
29:15It may seem silly,
29:17but it helps people to open up and get to know each other.
29:20I think this return to the past is important
29:22because people realize that
29:24physical activities in some way
29:26have more meaning for us.
29:32This camp is like a bubble,
29:34especially popular among young city professionals
29:37willing to shake the yoke of technology
29:40for a long weekend.
29:44After one or two years,
29:46we have realized that couples are formed in the camp
29:49and that most of those who come are single.
29:53That's why we invented what we call Embers,
29:55to encourage couples to form in the camp.
29:58It's like a kind of parody of dating websites.
30:02Here they create their profile on a sheet of paper,
30:05draw their portrait,
30:06fill in the boxes indicating
30:08what they want to do on the weekend,
30:10what kind of activities.
30:12We put them all in a giant panel
30:15where you can leave messages for the other campers.
30:18People come to see
30:20if they have left a message in their Embers profile.
30:23You don't talk about anything else.
30:25It seems silly,
30:26but the fact that there are no screens changes everything.
30:29The participants are around the campfire,
30:32they dance together,
30:33they drink tea together
30:35and they really become a couple.
30:44There is something I call the blue screen.
30:47It's when the screen turns blue
30:49because you don't stop looking at the phone screen.
30:52I want to live in a world
30:54where we spend more time with each other.
30:57Do we really dream of a future with less technology?
31:00Have less radical solutions emerged
31:02to ensure that we are not connected all day,
31:05proposed by a generation of young people of the digital age
31:08for whom disconnection means innovation?
31:11I'm not saying we should leave the phone at home
31:14and stop using new technologies completely,
31:17but we have to do something
31:19so that we can carry a phone on top
31:21without feeling disconnected
31:23from what matters to us in life.
31:26For that, there is nothing more than changing the design.
31:29We can try to use it a little less,
31:32but the design of the phone
31:34should reflect the role we want it to play in our lives.
31:38Kai and Joe are the inventors of the Light Phone,
31:41a phone designed to be used as little as possible.
31:44We created this product because we see the problem.
31:47We have a pair of shoes for each occasion.
31:50However, we only have one phone
31:52that we take everywhere because you never know.
31:55But a smartphone is a computer
31:57when sometimes we only need a phone.
32:01We are Kai and Joe,
32:03and our dream is to help people fully enjoy life.
32:12We have created the Light Phone
32:14to motivate people to go lighter
32:17and get rid of their fear of heights.
32:20We have created the Light Phone
32:22to motivate people to go lighter
32:25and get rid of their fear of heights.
32:28We have created the Light Phone
32:30to motivate people to go lighter
32:33and get rid of their fear of heights.
32:36We have created the Light Phone
32:38to motivate people to go lighter
32:41and get rid of their fear of heights.
32:50When you pick up a Light Phone,
32:52you feel special.
32:54It's a special moment that gives rise to a process of reflection.
32:57my friends, watching what's happening around me. I'm not going to be glued to the screen.
33:04We chose to go out lighter. We wanted to materialize that concept in an object that only served
33:13one purpose. It's not meant to replace the phone. It's a second phone.
33:27You basically turn on the iPhone with your smartphone, and leave your second phone at
33:31home, and you go out with your iPhone. All your incoming calls go back to your iPhone,
33:37because also some of the contacts that we had previously decided on, in order to be
33:41able to locate our family and friends closer to us. But then everyone else will get an
33:48automatic responder. So you have something underneath that you can connect to your family
33:56and friends without disconnecting from the present moment.
34:02The main idea is that it is used as little as possible. And everything, from the design
34:12to the interface, has been done with that purpose. We have opted for the dimensions
34:18of a credit card, because it is a universal form factor. We thought it would be easy to
34:28store an object that size in your pocket, or in your wallet, or in a pocket. We wanted
34:34the design to reflect that idea of lightness, to inspire you to take things calmly, as we
34:41like to say, lack of features, full of life.
34:50Technology is wonderful for connecting people all over the world. And I think that has
34:56an inestimable value. But I also want the technology I use to respect me. I want
35:01it to help me meet the person I want to see, to get in touch with her, and then
35:07disappear so that we can fully enjoy our company.
35:17Man does not communicate only with his peers. He has learned to interact with machines
35:22more and more intelligent. In 2050 we will be in constant communication with connected objects,
35:31omnipresent in our day to day that will make our life easier.
35:48Robotics today is considered the future of humanity for many reasons, but robots
35:53will only be well accepted if we can interact with them easily. That is the goal
35:59of empathy and artificial emotions, which are perfectly compatible.
36:03Say hello Jibo. Hello Jibo. Jibo, take a picture. Do you have a voice message? From Ashley. Better
36:14order food for two, Jibo. In the future we will no longer be satisfied with a robot that
36:18simply responds to our voice and our orders. More than an efficient machine, we will look for
36:24a kind and affectionate robot. Thank you, Jibo.
36:42At the prestigious Cornell University in the state of New York, Professor Guy Hoffman
36:47is always inventing new ways to get people and robots to communicate in silence.
36:53In his opinion, the key to humanizing machines is non-verbal communication,
36:57gestures and postures.
37:02We often think of human-robot interaction as a dialogue between humans, but who has
37:07said that an interaction necessarily involves being in front of someone and talking to them?
37:14My name is Guy Hoffman and my dream is to design robots that have the values that we,
37:20as humans, want to promote. The goal of my work is not to replicate humans. I have always
37:27seen robots as new creatures with infinite possibilities in terms of design, possibilities
37:34that will perhaps help us find interesting paths to better understand the interactions
37:41between man and the machine.
37:50The construction and manufacturing of my robots is always done in several stages.
37:55For each model, I try to find a new way of interacting that I have never tried.
38:01For example, with Bio, the new robot, we interact by putting things inside it.
38:05We have color icons that represent mechanisms or ideas. In this case, we wonder
38:10what kind of interaction occurs by putting and removing things from a robot.
38:16Don't worry, I'll take care of the dishes. You'll be back at 6pm, right?
38:21The logic here is that when you leave the keys next to the door, you are interacting
38:25with your house. Therefore, if the robot is in your house, why not put something in the
38:29robot to interact with it? And that's how we create new interactions.
38:33So with Travis, he's a speaker robot, and we wanted him to be a musical companion.
38:46We studied, for example, how people perceive music in a different way when the robot also
38:51responds to that music. I asked the participants to listen to music with the speaker.
38:56The first time the robot did nothing, and the second time it gave the impression that
39:01it was enjoying the music.
39:14And people liked the songs more when the robot responded to them.
39:19And this led me to think that maybe people change their opinion about something when
39:24the robot also has its own opinion. Because the robot has the ability to become
39:29an authority figure capable of influencing our opinion about other things.
39:36Today's technology offers you endless possibilities and a huge amount of information.
39:41Maybe one day the robots will offer you something similar. And more so, they'll do it
39:46through body language, which is very powerful. Looking into your eyes, crouching next to
39:51you in bed, caressing your hair, putting your hand on your shoulder, all those gestures
39:56that make us think that someone or something is worried about us.
40:01This goes here, and this goes here.
40:05Inducing emotions with a robot is something that already exists. It works very well.
40:10And it's useful because, for people who are alone, for the elderly, having a robot
40:17capable of inducing positive emotional reactions every day can greatly improve the quality
40:25of life on a human level.
40:28It is the dream of the companion robot that makes us feel that it shares our emotions
40:34to the point that we prefer its company to that of humans.
40:46Thank you, Piper.
40:48People will end up preferring robots, which are predictable and kind,
40:54to human beings, which are quite unpredictable and ungrateful.
41:00The danger is in thinking that the qualities of a robot should also be those of humans.
41:08When I hear some people say that they would like to have a robot as a companion,
41:13because it's less complicated than a human being, I don't agree.
41:19I prefer to deal with the complications of a real girlfriend.
41:23I don't know how to justify it. I'm just a romantic.
41:35These robots are going to be part of our lives, so let's not lose human values.
41:40Let's not lose sight of what we're trying to achieve,
41:43and let's make an artificial intelligence that defends the human values that we want to maintain.
41:50Human-machine communication is about to experience a new revolution.
41:55Forget screens and holograms.
41:57The only tool we will need to communicate in the future is our brain.
42:02Cognitive science is an area of research that arouses a lot of interest.
42:07To make the brain more powerful,
42:09to develop machines that are able to do everything that man has to do.
42:21At the University of Florida, a team of young engineers is convinced
42:25that in the future we will be able to order anything with the power of the mind.
42:31I think the brain-machine interface is undoubtedly something that is going to become a reality in the future
42:37and that is going to revolutionize the way we interact.
42:43My name is Franz Jackson, and my dream is to change the way we interact with others.
42:49Researchers have always dreamed of the idea of putting a brain-machine interface on the head
42:55and giving instructions that are fulfilled just by thinking about them,
43:00without the need for a keyboard or a mouse.
43:07My name is Chris Crawford, and my dream is that one day technology will make life easier for all of us.
43:13In 2012, I created a research group for the brain-machine interface
43:17in the research laboratory,
43:19because we think it is the next communication mode after speech.
43:26My dream is to see everyone using the brain-machine interface.
43:33Chris already had experience in robotics and computer science,
43:37his group had already worked on the brain-machine interface.
43:40I said, what if we control drones with thought?
43:43We went to the laboratory and he showed me how to move a cube with the help of a brain-machine interface.
43:50From that moment on, as I am a computer engineer,
43:55I wanted to go and see if we could send those same signals to a robot.
44:01We used a brain-machine interface, also called EEG,
44:05which captures the electrical signals of the brain.
44:08Each curve corresponds to a wave.
44:11The brain waves of each person work in a different way,
44:15so we had to create a kind of profile for each participant.
44:19Then they had to do a preparation.
44:22During that preparation, we asked them to do a simulation,
44:27if the program manages to detect that the user wants to move forward,
44:31then the drone or the machine you have programmed will move forward.
44:36If the program manages to detect that the user wants to move forward,
44:41then the drone or the machine you have programmed will move forward.
44:59If I'm in a race and my opponent comes out first,
45:03I get tense, because I'm a competitive person,
45:07so I want to run or do something with my normal driving skills,
45:11but I can't.
45:13Instead of getting more aggressive, you have to calm down.
45:17Just the opposite of what we usually do.
45:20We get really tense.
45:27One day we will be able to efficiently control
45:31any machine with thought command.
45:34We will send an order in the form of a brain signal,
45:37and it will execute it.
46:01Brain-machine interfaces have a bright future,
46:05but will they ever be able to replace our phones or tablets?
46:09Will we be able to send an email, a text message,
46:13or an intention with thought in 2050?
46:16We can create a program prepared to do that.
46:22Something quite simple.
46:25Something that understands that I want to send what I feel
46:29when I'm in love.
46:31We could say, for example,
46:34when you close your right hand really hard,
46:37I want you to send a message that says I love you.
46:40That's feasible right now.
46:42These dreamers go even further.
46:44By collecting information from our brain,
46:47brain-machine interfaces could technically allow us
46:50to communicate our emotions directly to our friends and family.
46:55What I find interesting about brain-machine interfaces
46:58is that it can work in the background.
47:01You can communicate even when you're not trying to do it,
47:04but you do want to.
47:13Imagine a jacket or a connected accessory
47:17that will tell your colleagues
47:19that you're not in the mood to talk
47:21and that it's better that they come into your office
47:23at another time.
47:25I like the idea of using this technology
47:29and brain waves to express emotions.
47:33To other people we can express them
47:35without interrupting what we're doing
47:37and without saying something in a loud voice.
47:40From there to make the dream come true
47:42of establishing a brain-to-brain communication,
47:44there's only one step that maybe other dreamers take in the future.
47:47We'll leave you then.
47:51It's very rude, you know,
47:53to read my thoughts or Mr. Lencher's
47:55without our permission.
47:57Telepathy?
47:59Why not?
48:01But as long as we are the owners of our emotions
48:05and we don't run the risk
48:07of immersing ourselves in the emotions of others.
48:10The difficult thing is not to perceive
48:12the emotions of others,
48:14but to perceive them without ceasing to be oneself.
48:17Before coveting the powers
48:19of Master Yoda,
48:21maybe we should be inspired
48:23by his wisdom
48:25and imagine a new way
48:27to live with our screens,
48:29which, instead of absorbing us,
48:31would bring us closer to others.
48:33Really?
48:35What would technology be
48:37if it were designed by philosophers,
48:39ethics committees,
48:41anthropologists
48:43or communication specialists
48:45and not violent?
48:49It would have an appearance,
48:51a functioning
48:53and different values
48:55if it weren't designed
48:57by Silicon Valley engineers.
49:01In the future, we will be the ones
49:03who choose the degree of connection
49:05and technology
49:07we want in our lives.