Los océanos son esenciales para la vida en la Tierra y juegan un papel crucial en la regulación del clima. Sin embargo, estamos enfrentando una crisis ambiental debido a la sobrepesca, contaminación, calentamiento global y acidificación. Estos problemas amenazan no solo a la biodiversidad marina, sino también a las comunidades que dependen de los océanos para su sustento. Afortunadamente, científicos y expertos están trabajando arduamente para desarrollar nuevas tecnologías que nos ayuden a cuidar mejor de nuestros océanos.
Una de las innovaciones más prometedoras es la regeneración de los corales, que son vitales para la salud de los ecosistemas marinos. Mediante técnicas avanzadas de biotecnología, se están cultivando corales en laboratorio para restaurar los arrecifes dañados. Además, la creación de presas flotantes está ganando popularidad, ya que estas estructuras pueden atrapar y eliminar residuos plásticos antes de que lleguen a las costas.
Es fundamental que tomemos medidas colectivas para proteger nuestros océanos, implementando prácticas sostenibles y apoyando proyectos de conservación. La educación y la concienciación son clave para motivar a la sociedad a involucrarse en la preservación de nuestros mares. Solo así podremos asegurar que las futuras generaciones puedan disfrutar de la belleza y los beneficios que los océanos nos brindan.
Acompáñanos en este viaje de descubrimiento y acción. Juntos podemos marcar la diferencia.
**Hashtags:** #ProtecciónDeOcéanos, #InnovaciónMarina, #Conservación
**Keywords:** océanos, protección de océanos, sobrepesca, contaminación marina, calentamiento global, acidificación, tecnologías marinas, regeneración de corales, residuos plásticos, conservación marina.
Una de las innovaciones más prometedoras es la regeneración de los corales, que son vitales para la salud de los ecosistemas marinos. Mediante técnicas avanzadas de biotecnología, se están cultivando corales en laboratorio para restaurar los arrecifes dañados. Además, la creación de presas flotantes está ganando popularidad, ya que estas estructuras pueden atrapar y eliminar residuos plásticos antes de que lleguen a las costas.
Es fundamental que tomemos medidas colectivas para proteger nuestros océanos, implementando prácticas sostenibles y apoyando proyectos de conservación. La educación y la concienciación son clave para motivar a la sociedad a involucrarse en la preservación de nuestros mares. Solo así podremos asegurar que las futuras generaciones puedan disfrutar de la belleza y los beneficios que los océanos nos brindan.
Acompáñanos en este viaje de descubrimiento y acción. Juntos podemos marcar la diferencia.
**Hashtags:** #ProtecciónDeOcéanos, #InnovaciónMarina, #Conservación
**Keywords:** océanos, protección de océanos, sobrepesca, contaminación marina, calentamiento global, acidificación, tecnologías marinas, regeneración de corales, residuos plásticos, conservación marina.
Categoría
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DiversiónTranscripción
00:00Welcome to our channel.
00:12If you are new here, please, remember to subscribe, like, and share our videos.
00:20Since the night of time, the oceans have fascinated us and attracted us.
00:33They cover almost 70% of the surface of our planet,
00:37hide countless secrets and constitute the largest biodiversity reserve in the world.
00:43Our future depends on the balance of the oceans.
00:47This is the heart of the climate and the biodiversity of the Earth,
00:51more than that even, it is the heart, the veins and the whole circulatory system.
01:02Without the oceans we could not survive.
01:05And now is the time that we must find a way to protect them.
01:12We have a huge influence over the sea and it is a mainly negative influence.
01:18As the sea is immense, that influence is revealed little by little,
01:22but now we see how everything increases rapidly.
01:26The oceans are heating up, they are polluted,
01:29and marine species disappear at a rate that has no precedent in the history of humanity.
01:34What will they look like in the future?
01:38Will we have found a solution to continue exploring them
01:42and benefiting from their wealth of resources, preserving them at the same time?
01:53For each problem we have 10, 20 solutions.
01:57What is really needed is willpower, vision and courage.
02:02For me, creating a bridge to the abysses
02:05is crucial for the survival of humanity.
02:09Our ultimate goal is to have coral reefs in good condition,
02:13and the faster we make decisions, the better.
02:16Aquaculture is going to change the landscape
02:19because we will always need fish, but we will no longer go looking for it at sea.
02:26With the current technology,
02:28it is possible to sensitize and inform the public in a much more attractive way.
02:33The ideal for us would be that all children in the world could dive virtually.
02:39The ocean has always been a place where we project our dreams.
02:43In fact, according to Aristotle, there were three types of men.
02:48The living, the dead and those who are at sea.
02:53It was in the Pacific more than a century ago
02:56where the first people of the sea ventured further and further into the ocean.
03:00But we also dreamed of discovering its depths.
03:03In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great dived 10 meters
03:07with a kind of barrel full of air.
03:10And while we thought of ways to explore the seabed,
03:13the conquest continued on the surface.
03:16In the year 900, the Vikings crossed the ocean to Greenland.
03:20Later, the great expeditions of the 15th century
03:23opened new horizons.
03:25Meanwhile, in 1535, the Italian Guglielmo de Lorena
03:28invented a diving bell that allowed him to be under water for an hour.
03:32In 1620, the Dutchman Vervel tested the precursor of the submarine
03:36in the Thames just below the surface.
03:39In the 18th century, our exploration dreams became bigger.
03:43Authentic oceanographic expeditions were organized.
03:46And so, in 1768, James Cook set out to explore the world.
03:50The ocean became a subject of scientific research.
03:53Throughout the 19th century, ships sailed the seas
03:56collecting all kinds of information and marine specimens
03:59unknown to this day.
04:01The 20th century brought the era of submarine exploration.
04:04In 1925, thanks to the Meteor ship,
04:07the first map of the ocean floor was drawn.
04:10Now we already knew where to explore.
04:13In the 1930s, the British and the English
04:16discovered bioluminescent creatures from another world
04:19at a depth of more than 900 meters.
04:22And when there was nothing left to discover on land,
04:25the sea became the last frontier of humanity.
04:28In 1960, in a batiscafo designed by his father,
04:31the explorer Jacques Piccard,
04:34he descended to a depth of 10,916 meters
04:37in the Mariana Trench,
04:40the deepest in the world.
04:43Throughout the century,
04:46marine adventurers have captivated the imagination of the whole world.
04:49And every time a man ventures into it,
04:52the ocean always gives him a surprise.
04:55Beyond any technological advance,
04:58by virtue of what magic spell
05:01can we live freely and forever under the sea?
05:07I fantasize that people can take a walk
05:10under the water as they do in a forest.
05:13A combination of apnea and submarinism,
05:16maintaining the simplicity of the apnea
05:19and enjoying at the same time the freedom
05:22and the infinite time that we could be under the water.
05:35It's absolutely fascinating to think
05:38that 10 or 100 meters from the shore
05:41awaits the unknown, where nobody arrives.
05:44I think it's a mysterious source of attraction.
05:47We have a very strong bond with the water.
05:55So, in 2050 we will have discovered
05:58the strength of this bond
06:01and we will all be inhabitants of the sea?
06:04The submersibles of the pocket
06:07But in the future, these technological solutions
06:10may be within everyone's reach.
06:13Will we take our submarine,
06:16as we now take the car and go out to conquer the seas?
06:23Technology is our armor.
06:26It allows us to go beyond
06:29our physical limitations,
06:32either to explore them or to live in them.
06:35The movement towards the oceans
06:38is the continuation of this desire,
06:41of our capacity and of our irrepressible will
06:44to free ourselves from the biological yoke
06:47with which we were born.
06:50From 20,000 underwater travel wells
06:53to the Sea Orbiter oceanic station
06:56of the architect Jacques Rougerie,
06:59based on the experiments of submarine homes
07:02is something that has never lost its appeal.
07:32We will go to see what happens
07:35in the great oceanic depths.
07:38We will have small colonies,
07:41more or less what is intended to be done on Mars.
07:44And if I let my imagination fly,
07:47I think of a child
07:50sitting on his father's knees
07:53and looking at him and asking him,
07:56Father, is it true that there used to be people up there?
08:02Marine habitats unleash the imagination
08:05of architects looking for a solution
08:08to the lack of space on Earth.
08:11According to some, the cities of 2050 will go to sea.
08:14Others go even further and dream of colonizing the depths.
08:22The architects of the Japanese firm Shimizu Corporation
08:25want to be the first to build a submarine city
08:28for 2030 with the sole objective
08:31of ensuring the survival of the human species.
08:34His Ocean Spiral project relies on all the potential
08:37of the deep ocean to be completely autonomous.
08:43My name is Masaki Takeuchi
08:46and I am 58 years old.
08:53When the population reaches 10 billion inhabitants,
08:56it will not be just a matter of space.
09:00We will have to think in terms of energy supplies,
09:03water and food.
09:06And I think the ocean can provide us with all that.
09:12At the top of the structure,
09:15a 500-meter-diameter floating sphere
09:18will accommodate more than 4,000 people.
09:21This residential area will include hotels, offices, apartments
09:24and scientific research laboratories.
09:29It is a sphere.
09:32It is not necessary to activate the electric ventilation.
09:35Thanks to the temperature of the ocean,
09:38a downward cold air current
09:41is created along the wall.
09:44In the center, the heat from the homes
09:47generates an upward current,
09:50so the air circulates without problems.
09:53And as part of the structure protrudes from the surface,
09:56it can be renovated frequently.
10:00We will be able to recreate the cycle of days
10:03and the cycle of seasons
10:06thanks to computerized management
10:09of both temperature,
10:12air and light.
10:15This will create a better environment for the inhabitants.
10:22Japanese architects and engineers
10:25are taking this pharaonic project of 20 billion euros
10:28very seriously.
10:31They have been doing constant calculations and simulations for more than two years.
10:35One of the challenges is to make plexiglass panels
10:38more than 50 meters wide,
10:41capable of withstanding enormous pressures.
10:44To achieve this, they have contacted another Japanese company,
10:47Nippura, world leader in the manufacture of walls for giant aquariums.
10:51My name is Yasuhiro Shikiyama,
10:54I am 55 years old.
11:14Mr. Takeuchi came to see me with a very special request.
11:17He wanted transparent windows
11:20three meters thick.
11:23Until that moment,
11:26the thickest panels
11:29we had made for aquariums
11:32were 75 centimeters.
11:35Now we were asked
11:38a thickness that was
11:41more than three times that.
11:44We have acquired an experience
11:47that has allowed us
11:50not to make a single block,
11:53but to join finer panels
11:56to achieve the desired thickness.
12:02In the process,
12:05we try to reduce the deformations to the maximum
12:08so that the block remains as homogeneous as possible.
12:11In addition,
12:14we treat it so that it can resist
12:17and remain transparent
12:20for many decades.
12:29Below the sphere,
12:32a long spiral of 15 kilometers
12:35goes down to the visal plateau,
12:38which will be used to transport structure,
12:41but also to transport people,
12:44electricity, materials and water.
12:47In smaller spheres,
12:50there will be electric power plants.
12:53These will supply the city
12:56using sea thermal energy,
12:59that is, taking advantage of the temperature differences
13:02between the water close to the surface
13:05of the sea.
13:12The abysses have a lot to offer,
13:15in addition to oil.
13:18They have great potential
13:21in terms of energy sources,
13:24the use of the biosphere and nutrients.
13:27And an exploitation of these resources
13:30would have a lower impact on the environment.
13:34It is worth imagining, for example,
13:37the extraction of mineral resources
13:40or the use of bacteria to absorb CO2.
13:43And all this in a reasonable
13:46and perfectly sustainable way.
13:52The abysses are the last border of our planet.
13:55Less than 5% of the ocean floor
13:58has been explored to date.
14:01This dark, rich, but fragile environment,
14:04which we know less than the lunar surface,
14:07is now presented as a promise.
14:10Its reserves of raw materials and energy resources
14:13present new challenges.
14:19Of the thousands of sediment samples
14:22that have been collected all these years,
14:25the Japanese oceanographers are particularly interested
14:28in microorganisms that live in the seabed.
14:31Capable of converting CO2 into methane,
14:34these microorganisms could be
14:37doubly useful for us.
14:40They would allow us to capture
14:43part of the carbon we emit
14:46and supply us with a new source of energy.
14:49For me, the Ocean Spiral project
14:52is not just a technological challenge.
14:55It is a challenge with respect to the environment
15:01and the invention of an entire economic system.
15:07To build this system,
15:10the ocean can offer us immense resources.
15:13It is a wonderful reserve of blue energy
15:16that we have just begun to exploit.
15:21The algae help us to produce new biofuels
15:24that are respectful of the environment.
15:27We are innovating all over the world
15:30to make the most of the wind,
15:33currents, tides and waves.
15:36Thanks to renewable marine energies,
15:39we could drastically reduce our CO2 emissions
15:42and see how the dream of a blue society
15:45much more respectful of the balance of the planet comes true.
15:48Today, fortunately,
15:51the investment in renewable energies
15:54far exceeds the investment in fossil fuels.
15:57We are facing a new industrial model.
16:00The political world is beginning to become aware,
16:03as is the economic world.
16:06If the two come to an agreement,
16:09there is no doubt that this model will succeed.
16:13In 2050, consolidating our relationship with the sea
16:16will inevitably mean protecting marine ecosystems,
16:20starting with coral reefs,
16:23which are extremely sensitive to environmental changes.
16:29To protect them,
16:32we must first understand these complex ecosystems.
16:35These tiny animal colonies
16:38are the largest builders in the world,
16:41responsible for the largest living structures.
16:44Extraordinary and colorful underwater cities,
16:47which make up 70% of marine biodiversity.
16:50They serve as a nursery for millions of albinos,
16:53as a nocturnal refuge for numerous species
16:56and as a pantry for many others.
16:59And that's not all.
17:02By breaking the waves,
17:05the reefs protect the coast from erosion.
17:08Hundreds of millions of people also depend on them directly.
17:11But today, fishing, tourism
17:14and the acidity of the water are causing coral reefs
17:17to turn white and die at an alarming rate.
17:2025% of these reefs are in danger of extinction.
17:23And if we don't do anything,
17:26another 25% will be threatened in 2050.
17:33The first thing to do
17:36is to assess their health as soon as possible.
17:39In Curaçao, in the Caribbean,
17:42researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Marine Biology
17:45are testing the prototype of a new instrument
17:48capable of measuring exhaustively
17:51and automatically analyzing the state of the reefs
17:54faster than it has been done so far.
17:58It's a unique ecosystem,
18:01which we don't know much about yet.
18:04We are constantly discovering new things.
18:08My name is Josh Denhan.
18:11I'm 33 years old.
18:14My ultimate dream is that we are able
18:17to successfully protect coral reefs.
18:31We have to protect coral reefs as soon as possible.
18:34And it all starts with field studies.
18:37It's a process that takes a long time
18:40because we can't spend our lives underwater.
18:43And once on the surface,
18:46we have to select the images, the videos
18:49and all the notes we have taken.
18:52It may take hours just to know
18:55what state the reef is in.
18:58But with climate change,
19:01we have to be able to analyze the coral reefs
19:04as quickly as possible.
19:07To speed up the research,
19:10Josh has an idea for a new instrument
19:13that combines artificial intelligence
19:16and digitalization in real time
19:19and is able to analyze everything in the reef,
19:22the HyperDiver.
19:25Our ultimate goal is to have coral reefs in good condition.
19:29My name is Arjun Chennu.
19:32I'm 31 years old.
19:35I believe that we all want to have oceans in good condition
19:38and if we work together, we will achieve it.
19:47The human eye is only sensitive
19:50to three bands of the light spectrum.
19:53It perceives mainly the red, green and blue light waves.
19:56Classic cameras only capture those three colors
19:59and everything else, the rest of the information,
20:02is wasted.
20:05Therefore, if one wonders what can be done better,
20:08the answer is simple.
20:11It is enough not to waste all that bright information.
20:14And that is why we have conceived HyperDiver.
20:17The main element of HyperDiver
20:20is a hyperspectral camera capable of taking images
20:23in all wavelengths of the visible spectrum
20:26as well as in ultraviolet and near infrared.
20:29This camera allows us to measure at once
20:32and with extreme precision the luminous signatures
20:35of all the elements that make up the reef
20:38to better identify them.
20:41To do justice to the HyperDiver,
20:44it is not just a camera.
20:47It is a real submarine laboratory.
20:50Its sensors indicate the distance
20:53between the target and the seabed
20:56and the exact depth at which it sails.
20:59Thanks to that, we can scan the reliefs of the reef
21:02and get a topographic profile.
21:05We also include chemical sensors
21:08to determine the oxygen levels
21:11and the pH of the water.
21:14And all that at once.
21:18It is as if we took an instant of the entire ecology of the reef.
21:25That is the 9-meter line.
21:28This must be where the line begins.
21:32If the HyperDiver has an amazing efficiency underwater,
21:35on the surface, its digital brain reveals
21:38its extraordinary potential.
21:41What is this large area?
21:44Stop there for a minute and let's see it up close.
21:48This is a Coral Madracis.
21:51The HyperDiver still does not know it very well.
21:54Okay, I'll mark it.
21:57The HyperDiver has the ability
22:00to learn by itself.
22:03Once the research is done,
22:06we compare the images scanned with the video.
22:09If the program still does not know an organism,
22:12we have to teach it that.
22:15The HyperDiver is like a brain.
22:18Basically, it's like a child.
22:21These two correspond.
22:24Look at the spectrum of this coral.
22:27It has a great absorption and the curve goes down.
22:30Exactly.
22:33There are many pigments.
22:36It is in good condition.
22:40We create a small database
22:43in which we put all the human knowledge
22:46about corals.
22:49This knowledge allows the computer program
22:52to learn and identify the different organisms,
22:55associating empirical knowledge with the light spectrum.
22:58The great thing is that
23:01the more indications we give it about the nature of what it sees,
23:04the faster it identifies it by itself.
23:07The more information we give it about the coral,
23:10the smarter and more universal it becomes.
23:14The program can then identify
23:17the organisms of a reef autonomously.
23:20It will analyze only the images,
23:23images that have not been touched,
23:26and it will offer us detailed and complete information.
23:31When the HyperDiver is able to analyze
23:34the reefs of the world without help,
23:37it will be the largest database on coral reefs.
23:40In the future, we will have direct access
23:43to all this information in our diving team.
23:46In this way, we will be able to take the pulse
23:49of the reefs and the oceans in real time,
23:52area by area.
23:55This information will allow us to react as quickly as possible
23:58to better preserve the species
24:01I think the biggest challenge is to understand
24:04the complexity of things.
24:07We try to oversimplify everything,
24:10we let ourselves be led by excessive optimism
24:13or by permanent pessimism,
24:16when what we need are more moderate answers.
24:22The evolution of the oceans is a slow process,
24:25thousands of years in stages.
24:28We have caused an overheating of the system,
24:31it has accelerated and the change is deep,
24:34sudden and abrupt.
24:37To reverse this bad trend,
24:40there is only one solution and it is radical.
24:43We must stop our carbon dioxide emissions.
24:58Today, on a global scale,
25:01we consume an average of more than 20 kilos of fish
25:04per inhabitant per year.
25:07For one in ten people,
25:10it is the only source of animal protein.
25:13It is the only source of animal protein
25:16in the world.
25:19It is the only source of animal protein
25:22in the world.
25:25For one in ten people,
25:28it is the only source of animal protein.
25:31Fishing has become a giant industry
25:34that exploits more and more resources
25:37that we thought were inexhaustible.
25:40In 50 years,
25:43fish reserves have been reduced by half.
25:46Fishing with a pole
25:49unfolds 1,400 million hooks a year.
25:52There are trawling vessels
25:55that cast nets of 23,000 square meters,
25:58the size of four football fields.
26:01They can surround 13 Jumbo jets
26:04or, more commonly,
26:07500 tons of fish.
26:10At this rate,
26:13we will be able to catch
26:16as many fish as we want.
26:20At this rate,
26:23soon there will be nothing left to fish.
26:26We can extract all the resources we want
26:29from wherever we want,
26:32using military technology
26:35to catch the fish that have nowhere to hide.
26:38The war is won.
26:41We have to set limits again.
26:44For example,
26:4730 years ago we had agreements
26:50not to fish in the middle of the oceans
26:53and we fished more than now.
26:56Wouldn't it be worth going back to a point
26:59where we fished more?
27:02To get back to that point,
27:05we have to respect the quotas,
27:08the size of the fish,
27:11the species and the fishing areas.
27:14The order in high seas
27:17is the dream of the British NGO
27:20with its project Eyes on the Sea.
27:2323 million tons of fish are fished every year.
27:26That would be the figure corresponding
27:29to the fishing that could be illegal,
27:32which would mean one out of every five fish.
27:35My name is Tony Long
27:38and I direct the NGO's campaign
27:41Our mission is to provide reliable information
27:44to the port authorities around the world.
27:47They need to know why a ship enters a port
27:50and where it has gone to fish.
27:53It is also important for the minorities.
27:56They now know where their suppliers are going to fish
27:59and they can help eliminate illegal fishing from the market.
28:02What are the fishing boats?
28:05Who is allowed to fish and who is not?
28:08The information has to be centralized.
28:12With Project Eyes on the Sea,
28:15we are putting all this data together
28:18in a single computer system
28:21that analyzes and combines them.
28:24Its calculation speed allows the analysts
28:27to transmit the information they need in seconds
28:30instead of in hours.
28:33They spend less time analyzing data
28:36For example, the software automatically discovers
28:39a shipment of goods in the sea
28:42as well as when a ship entrusts its fishing to another
28:45to stay at sea.
28:48The movements of a ship allow us to know
28:51what kind of fishing it is doing.
28:54By its behavior, we know if a fishing boat
28:57transmits false information to mask its true activity.
29:00We can see, for example, if a certain maneuver
29:03the algorithm then learns to recognize
29:06those behaviors wherever.
29:09The learning of the system is therefore an essential part
29:12in its ability to indicate to analysts
29:15the different suspicious behaviors as quickly as possible.
29:19In a decade,
29:22with the political support of the countries involved,
29:25these systems will be determining
29:28for the oceans.
29:33It is a common good.
29:36It is the great common good.
29:39So the solution can only be political.
29:42We will have to agree
29:45at least to exploit, let's say, 5% of the oceans
29:48and turn the rest into a sanctuary.
29:51It is a resource that we need at all levels.
29:54At the moment, only 3% of the oceans are protected.
29:57The goal is to reach 10%
30:00by 2020.
30:03To restore the natural environment
30:06and allow sustainable development of the ocean,
30:09it is essential to protect new maritime areas.
30:12Something similar to what happened with the Ross Sea in Antarctica,
30:15the largest marine surface that has achieved that category
30:18after years of negotiations.
30:21In the Pacific, the United States has granted the sanctuary category
30:24to an area of more than 1.5 million square kilometers.
30:27Protected marine areas have an advantage.
30:30They produce excesses.
30:33When fish are left alone, they reproduce well
30:36and everything goes on wheels.
30:39Those excesses will allow to feed a peripheral fishing.
30:42That is the model to be aspired to.
30:45A well-managed small-scale fishing around protected areas
30:48would preserve the habitats.
30:51It would not be necessary to resort to destructive systems
30:55Would that be enough to provide fish
30:58affordable to 9 million people in the future?
31:01Half of the fish we eat already comes from aquaculture.
31:04Is aquaculture the magic solution?
31:07From Europe to Asia,
31:10aquaculture is expanding its geometric forms
31:13on the surface of the seas.
31:16But in its own way, marine aquaculture is also participating
31:19in the depletion of reserves.
31:22Most of the fish feed on other fish
31:25and when it comes to breeding predators, the numbers are alarming.
31:28These beasts, these lions that we put in the water
31:31have to feed on lambs.
31:34You need 4 kilos of fish, sardines,
31:37to produce a kilo of salmon.
31:40With tuna, that figure is multiplied by 20.
31:43That is, we use 20 kilos of sardines
31:46to get a kilo of tuna.
31:49The red tuna that we feed in the Mediterranean
31:52goes to Japan because of the high prices.
31:55We have a food security problem
31:58because our economy in general is oriented towards luxury
32:01so we have a problem of distribution and ecological equality.
32:04Marine aquaculture also has an impact on the environment.
32:07Corrals, normally swampy,
32:10are built near the coast.
32:13The circulation of the water is not enough
32:16for the waste that accumulates as sediments in the seabed.
32:19This generates contamination and contagious diseases
32:22that can affect wild species.
32:25In Mexico, a new type of aquaculture
32:28tries to reach both goals,
32:31to raise fish without contaminating the oceans and without exhausting them,
32:34and all with just moving away from the coast.
32:40We believe that it is a more sustainable way
32:43to raise fish in the sea.
32:50My name is Pablo Konietzko, I am 46 years old
32:53and I dedicate myself to sustainable aquaculture
32:56to contribute to the wealth of the oceans.
33:03We want to go deeper into the sea,
33:06which means getting closer to where most species of fish live.
33:09The further away from the coast, the better
33:12and more pristine the water will be.
33:16Benefiting from stronger currents, better water quality,
33:19and above all that it renews faster than in a protected bay,
33:22is what guarantees us a fish in an excellent state,
33:25as if it were in a wild state.
33:34When I get under the water,
33:37the first thing I see is this planet,
33:40this gigantic sphere,
33:43this aquarium full of fish,
33:46both inside and outside,
33:49because the structure attracts wild species
33:52from the surroundings like a magnet.
33:58Once inside the sphere,
34:01you are surrounded by fish,
34:04which is more beautiful,
34:07it is a fabulous experience.
34:13At the height of a five-story building,
34:16the aquapods are cages perfectly adapted
34:19to the conditions of the high seas.
34:22With a volume of 4,700 cubic meters,
34:25they have a capacity for 60,000 fish.
34:28The triangular steel panels of which are composed
34:31contribute to the solidity of the structure.
34:34They are very resistant structures.
34:37They have already been subjected to hurricanes of category 2, 3 and 4,
34:40and they have resisted.
34:43They are tested on predators such as sea lions, seals,
34:46sharks and other animals that could attack the fish.
34:51My name is David Kelly,
34:54and I dream of a sustainable, scalable aquaculture
34:57and always respectful of the environment.
35:04The best thing about the aquapod is its ability
35:07to change its floatability and thus go up and down
35:10in the water column.
35:13It can be on the surface for supply,
35:16but also submerged during the feeding and growth stages,
35:19since deep down the current is much weaker
35:22and the fish are not subjected to the energy on the surface.
35:26I think the most important thing is to respect the environment.
35:29We must reduce the density
35:32so that the fish can swim,
35:35have good health and grow as they should
35:38with a good diet.
35:41And so far, with the currents and the tides,
35:44we have not had sediments in the seabed of our concession.
35:51You see? That's it.
35:54Something that excites us a lot is to get the real-time analysis
35:57of the data provided by the aquapod.
36:00It will allow us to know more about the temperature of the water,
36:03its content in dissolved oxygen,
36:06the variations of the currents and the conditions in situ.
36:09The crew will know what will be found before leaving the coast.
36:12This data will also help us monitor the growth of the fish
36:15to better understand the characteristics of each species.
36:18We will be able to operate from the surface
36:21without having to dive.
36:27We give priority to species
36:30with a low proportion of food conversion.
36:33We want to achieve a one-on-one performance.
36:36It is undoubtedly our goal.
36:39A fish that comes in for each one that comes out.
36:46A sustainable approach that this marine farm has decided to reinforce
36:49is the use of the aquapods.
36:52The aquapods are a great source of energy
36:55and the marine farm has decided to reinforce
36:58by raising an endemic species of fish from this region of the Pacific
37:01and in danger of extinction, the totoaba.
37:08We participate in a repopulation program
37:11together with the government and several scientific institutions.
37:14Every year we release a few fish.
37:17In this way, part of our alevines production
37:20returns to the Cortez Sea.
37:26The Cortez Sea was named
37:29as the aquarium of the world by Jacques Cousteau.
37:32I would like
37:35that no more species disappear.
37:38And I would like
37:41to end the overfishing
37:44once and for all.
37:47Because it only serves to empty the oceans.
37:50Following the stele of the Earth Ocean Farm,
37:53the marine farms of the future will integrate
37:56all the technological advances in the wings
37:59of a healthier and more sustainable aquaculture.
38:02An example is Half Farm,
38:05a Norwegian farm project that will soon see the light.
38:08This giant of the seas, 430 meters long,
38:11will be as large as the current largest container ships.
38:14It will have a capacity of 10,000 tons of salmon
38:17or 2 million fish.
38:20Beyond aquaculture,
38:23innovation is reaching all marine areas.
38:26The maritime transport sector is being reinvented
38:29to be more respectful of the environment.
38:32In the coming decades,
38:35both goods and passengers
38:38will cross the oceans on board new types of ships,
38:41unmanned ships, ships powered by solar energy
38:44or, why not, a new type of sailboat.
38:47The wind can be considered
38:50almost a certainty, no matter how much time changes.
38:53It is possible to imagine any scenario,
38:56but there will always be wind, so why not take advantage of it?
38:59Obviously, it will be necessary to ensure
39:02that the aerodynamics of ships and all means of transport
39:05is as efficient as possible
39:08so that it consumes the least amount of energy.
39:11The shape of the cargo ships of the future will be more stealthy.
39:14Some projects that are already in their testing phase
39:17try to make the hull act as a sail to propel the ship.
39:20Others dream of sending merchant submarines
39:23on underwater missions.
39:26All technological tracks are being followed
39:29to replace our current fleet, which pollutes too much.
39:45And speaking of pollution,
39:48have we found a way to free the ocean from all the plastic?
39:55Most of the garbage we produce
39:58ends up in the middle of huge oceanic turns.
40:01And since plastic takes a long time to degrade,
40:04it breaks into small pieces
40:07that finally enter the food chain.
40:10With the waste, it usually happens that
40:13more than 150 million tons of plastic waste
40:16are floating in the oceans.
40:19That amount could have doubled in 2050.
40:22Every minute that passes,
40:25the equivalent of a garbage truck is thrown into the ocean.
40:30These large floating dumps
40:33occupy several hundred thousand square kilometers.
40:36The waste forms a kind of plastic soup
40:39so thick and so large
40:42that even a chimera would want to eat it.
40:45It is obvious that the best solution
40:48would be not to throw our waste into the oceans.
40:51In addition, many countries have the means to solve it.
40:54But there are other remedies,
40:57such as betting on biodegradable plastics.
41:00This way, when the waste reaches the water,
41:03it would degrade much faster than the plastics
41:06we have been using for many years,
41:10We can also imagine containers
41:13that can be consumed by marine life.
41:16At the same time, projects are being created
41:19to collect the waste wherever they are.
41:22One of the most spectacular is the Ocean Clean Up.
41:25Its goal is to clean all the oceans
41:28through floating dams 2 kilometers long.
41:31Placed so that they are at the height of ocean currents,
41:34these dams will attract plastic waste
41:37and consume more energy.
41:40But no one of these initiatives
41:43seems to be able to deal with the magnitude of the problem.
41:46However, they have the merit of making us aware
41:49that our future is closely linked to that of the oceans.
41:56In order to find a good balance,
41:59in 2050 people's mentality will have to change.
42:03To reach the largest number of people,
42:06starting with the youngest,
42:09the evolution of new technologies can help us.
42:12Real-time interaction from the bottom of the sea,
42:15augmented reality and virtual reality,
42:18everything is ready to immerse us in the oceans.
42:26In Australia, two enthusiasts of underwater photography
42:29are the precursors of this trend.
42:32To make people more and more aware,
42:35they have taken the Google Street View platform underwater.
42:42Thanks to their images, which already have millions of visits,
42:45we are all on a click to enjoy
42:48extraordinary virtual immersions.
42:52My name is Christophe Bailas.
42:55I'm 46 years old and I'm fully convinced
42:58that people will soon become aware
43:01of how closely connected we are to the oceans.
43:12When we started, we just wanted to show the oceans
43:15from a new perspective.
43:19So we came up with an underwater version
43:22of the Google Street View,
43:25something that had never been tried before.
43:28So, a view from above.
43:31Oh, yeah, fantastic.
43:34Right in the middle.
43:37Oh, yes.
43:40Wait, let me just put it together.
43:48We always thought that the oceans
43:51were too big to be threatened.
43:54Now we realize that they are dying.
43:57However, the difference between what the public perceives
44:00and the reality is enormous.
44:03You can't protect what you can't see.
44:06And 99.9% of people don't do underwater photography.
44:09I'm Richard Beavers. I'm 47 years old.
44:12I believe that the image
44:15is critical to protect the oceans.
44:27We're not taught much about the oceans in school.
44:30So, people are completely disconnected
44:33from this universe.
44:36So, if we conform to explain the situation to them,
44:39that's not going to transmit anything to them.
44:42So, what I'm trying to say is that
44:45it's a way of exploring the seabed virtually.
44:57They have developed their own underwater camera.
45:00Three synchronized cameras
45:03take the images that are later assembled
45:06as panoramic views of 360 degrees.
45:09With these underwater scooters,
45:12this camera allows them to record more than two kilometers
45:15in each dive.
45:18Every time we dive,
45:21we take more than 1,000 panoramic images with this camera.
45:24So, you can really quickly see the magnitude
45:27of our project and the amount of material
45:30that we can gather and then share
45:33about this incredible ecosystem.
45:39Now, we find ourselves
45:42in an unprecedented situation
45:45because we have the only recording
45:48in virtual reality of the ocean.
45:51600,000 images taken in 26 countries.
45:54These dreamers propose to go a little further
45:57and offer increasingly immersive experiences.
46:00Let's go there.
46:03It's a perfect image for the
46:07I'm thinking that we should create
46:10a pedagogical workshop
46:13only about stingrays.
46:16Without a doubt.
46:19There's so much to say, right?
46:22A threatened species, the least known
46:25and at the same time so emblematic.
46:28There's a lot to say.
46:31This image would be perfect for a virtual reality helmet.
46:34The point here is that 30, 40 or 50 people
46:37can live the same experience at the same time.
46:46It's incredible.
46:49Well, let's see.
46:52I can't even talk.
46:55So, you guys are in a place called Lighthouse Bumi.
46:58So, what do you think
47:01about this?
47:04Can you see the mark on the belly?
47:07It's got a V.
47:10So, it's a V-shape.
47:13So, it's a V-shape.
47:16So, it's a V-shape.
47:19So, I can see all of you guys
47:22looking at the V of Venus.
47:25It's like this technology
47:28that would have been invented
47:31for underwater exploration.
47:34Just look up to see the fish swimming around you
47:37and look down to admire the coral reefs.
47:40It's a total immersion
47:43and, in my view, it's the best way to feel
47:46what it's like to be underwater.
47:51Once you've aroused people's curiosity
47:54you can get to the heart of the matter.
47:57You can tackle issues that usually
48:00don't have media coverage.
48:27Ideally, we would want
48:30all the kids in the world
48:33to be able to dive virtually
48:36so that they can awaken their vocation
48:39and become the next generation of conservationists
48:42because they can do a much better job
48:45than we can to conserve the oceans.
48:48And instead of telling the same negative things
48:51about the oceans, that we're losing the fish,
48:54that we're losing the coral reefs,
48:57in 50 years I'm convinced
49:00that we'll only hear positive things.
49:25NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
49:28California Institute of Technology