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10:10NARRADOR 1 The temperature underground reaches 250 degrees,
10:15generating boiling clay boilers and steam clouds.
10:22And despite the dangers,
10:24some creatures travel long distances to get to this area.
10:29♪♪
10:39NARRADOR 1 A Camchatka bear cub.
10:43It has spent a long winter sleeping in its underground den
10:48and now it is extremely hungry.
10:51♪♪
10:54NARRADOR 1 But finding food forces it to dangerously approach
10:58the sources of boiling water.
11:01♪♪
11:08NARRADOR 1 It is the only place in many kilometers around
11:12where a bear can find grass without snow,
11:15thanks to the heat of the ground.
11:18♪♪
11:28NARRADOR 1 A misstep could lead to a serious problem.
11:33Bear corpses have been found in the puddles
11:37and they have been burned to death.
11:40♪♪
11:47NARRADOR 1 This bear is not alone.
11:50♪♪
11:58NARRADOR 1 Brown bears are usually solitary creatures,
12:02but this time of year is one of the few moments
12:06when they feel the presence of others.
12:12They are so well fed and relaxed
12:15that they can even find time to play.
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12:38NARRADOR 1 This volcanic point has become a warm oasis
12:42in the icy north of Asia.
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12:59NARRADOR 1 Far from arctic Russia,
13:02Asia has the warmest deserts,
13:05the highest mountains,
13:07and the thickest jungles on our planet.
13:12It is a continent of incredible variety.
13:18But it was not always like this.
13:2389 million years ago,
13:25India was an island located in the south,
13:28but it drifted to the north,
13:31pushing the sediments between it and continental Asia.
13:39Over millions of years,
13:41those sediments folded and rose
13:44until the Himalayas were formed.
13:48♪♪
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14:02NARRADOR 1 At present,
14:04they are the highest mountains on the planet.
14:08Their height is almost 9 kilometers.
14:12♪♪
14:15NARRADOR 1 India is still drifting to the north,
14:19and these mountains continue to grow.
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14:29NARRADOR 1 The mountains of Asia start in Afghanistan,
14:33go through the north of India,
14:36and reach the center of China.
14:39These are the mountains of Shenongjia,
14:43which are among the highest in China.
15:02These forests were until not long ago
15:05the least known in the world.
15:09Few outsiders knew what animals lived in them.
15:33There were stories of human-like monsters,
15:36like the Yeti,
15:38the abominable man of the snow,
15:41who left strange footprints in the snow.
15:46But little else.
15:51And of course,
15:53there are monkeys in these snowy forests,
15:56and they are very strange.
15:59This is the golden chateaubriand.
16:17They are among the most robust monkeys.
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16:26The big animals keep the heat more easily than the small ones,
16:31and can survive in colder conditions
16:34than any other monkey on earth.
16:39They all have a flat nose.
16:42If it were more prominent, it could freeze very easily.
16:46They take advantage of any opportunity
16:49to group together and keep the heat.
16:57Who wouldn't?
17:00Who wouldn't?
17:19If they separated from the group,
17:22even if they were adults, they would freeze to death.
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17:39In this moment, in the harshest of winter,
17:42food is tremendously difficult to find.
17:50The leader of the family goes to the limits of his territory
17:54in search of something to eat.
17:57Unfortunately,
17:59the only food available here is not very nutritious.
18:03Cortezas, musgo, and lichens.
18:09There is hardly enough to keep a monkey,
18:12much less a family.
18:17But they share it peacefully.
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18:26The survival depends on the unity of the group.
18:35In these mountains, any food is very valuable.
18:43A rival group.
18:51They are also looking for food.
19:05The two males face each other.
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19:51And the females join the cold.
20:08Outnumbered, the intruders retreat.
20:16The leader is the last to leave.
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20:30They have fought for a little food.
20:34It has been a fierce struggle, and the family has dispersed.
20:40But they must reunite again.
20:44The youngest are almost frozen.
20:51This little one sees her father,
20:55but will she have the strength to reach him?
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21:34She is once again in a safe and warm place.
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21:46Crouching is the only way to get warm
21:50in these desolate and frozen forests.
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22:15To the west of the Himalayas, in Iran,
22:19is one of the warmest deserts on Earth.
22:27It is the desert of Lut,
22:31and the temperature here can reach 70 degrees Celsius.
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22:50It seems that between the hot rocks
22:54and the scorching sand of the deserts of Iran,
22:58there could be no life.
23:02But in the shadow of the walls of the canyon,
23:06the birds of prey manage to grow.
23:10And the migratory birds that pass through here
23:14can at least stop in them to rest a little.
23:21A parrot.
23:25Hopefully, it will be able to find some food.
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23:34There are some spiders in the cracks.
23:38It's not much, but it's worth it.
23:45And up there, something else is moving.
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24:29The bird was wrong.
24:33It was a viper with a deadly bite.
24:47It is a species recently discovered,
24:51and until now it has not been found anywhere else.
24:56Its camouflage is so effective
25:00that it is impossible to distinguish it from the rocks.
25:08And on its tail, the scales have been transformed
25:12to look like spider legs.
25:19And the tip looks like an abdomen.
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25:34The migratory birds only visit this arid desert
25:38for a few weeks a year.
25:44It is the only opportunity
25:46for the snake to eat in several months.
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25:59A hawk.
26:03It has flown all the way from Africa
26:07and has not eaten for days.
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26:59Perhaps it will be luckier next time.
27:11The conditions are almost as harsh
27:15in the dry plains of northern India.
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27:25A male fan-tailed lizard
27:28does everything it can to attract attention.
27:32It is mating season.
27:43Open spaces are a good place to be seen.
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27:58It is only about seven centimeters tall,
28:02but a rock makes it look more striking.
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28:25And there is already a female staring at it.
28:33It is time to show off.
28:42The healthier and more virile it is,
28:46the brighter its colors will be.
28:55And females like bright colors.
29:05But it doesn't seem to be as interesting as it should be.
29:12In the neighboring territory,
29:16there is another male climbing a larger rock.
29:29So the newcomer is not able to give such a great image.
29:35The one on the larger rock is attracting all the females.
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29:58The newcomer will need a higher platform
30:02if he wants to be seen by a female.
30:06And he has to do something quickly.
30:10This is his chance.
30:18He will have to fight if necessary.
30:22He will have to fight if necessary.
30:46His rival does not back down.
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31:04These lizard males can fight to the death.
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32:12Now he can use the highest platform and the best territory.
32:17The females will choose him as a mate while he can defeat other aspirants.
32:42As the Himalayas rose over millions of years,
32:46they formed a gigantic barrier that prevented the southern rain clouds from traveling north.
32:53This caused a completely new meteorological system to develop in the south of Asia.
33:00The monsoon.
33:30These annual torrential rains transformed the south of Asia.
33:35Very dense tropical jungles were formed,
33:40where all kinds of animals and plants grew and proliferated.
33:46Some of the highest jungles grow in Indonesia,
33:51the home of the largest arboreal animal that lives in the present day.
33:57The orangutan.
34:02The orangutan is one of the largest animals in the world.
34:07The orangutan is one of the largest animals in the world.
34:12The orangutan is one of the largest animals in the world.
34:17In this place there is a lot of food available,
34:22but you have to know where to find it.
34:27The young orangutans stay with their mother for years, learning to do so.
34:32This young man has just started.
34:37This young man has just started.
34:52Termites are an important source of protein.
35:07But it seems that at the moment he doesn't feel like it.
35:12But it seems that at the moment he doesn't feel like it.
35:17He goes in search of something he likes best.
35:48It is difficult to know where to look.
36:05Or where it is safe to climb.
36:18The different levels of the jungle contain different foods.
36:23The different levels of the jungle contain different foods.
36:28And some of the most delicious are in the highest areas of the treetops,
36:3350 meters high.
36:38He is just a couple of years old, and he is already quite an adventurer.
36:43He is just a couple of years old, and he is already quite an adventurer.
36:48His mother, if she wanted, could reach the top in a few minutes,
36:53but she prefers to go slowly to be able to watch him.
36:58but she prefers to go slowly to be able to watch him.
37:03A fall from this height could be fatal.
37:17When the space between the branches is too large for him,
37:22his mother allows him to use his body as a bridge.
37:34He only has 10 meters to go.
37:39He only has 10 meters to go.
37:53But with such small hands, it is difficult to follow.
38:03But with such small hands, it is difficult to follow.
38:08He has had enough.
38:19It's a good time to rest with mom.
38:34And here is his reward.
38:39Mature, sweet and juicy mangoes.
38:48He still has a lot to learn.
38:54He will depend entirely on his mother until he is 7 years old.
38:59He will depend entirely on his mother until he is 7 years old.
39:04It is the longest childhood, except for the human one.
39:09It is the longest childhood, except for the human one.
39:14In these thick jungles, it is difficult for the animals
39:19to see each other at any distance.
39:24But the calls travel through the forest.
39:29These are the characteristic noises
39:34that resound every morning in the forests of Sumatra.
39:39But who will make this sound?
39:44But who will make this sound?
39:49Of all the sounds of the jungle of Indonesia,
39:54for our ears, this is one of the strangest.
39:59It cannot be heard anywhere else on earth.
40:10And here is the singer,
40:15a Sumatran rhinoceros.
40:20And here is the singer,
40:25a Sumatran rhinoceros.
40:30It is very small,
40:35about the size of its well-known African relatives.
40:40Its head could comfortably rest on our knees.
40:45Its head could comfortably rest on our knees.
40:50It is the gardener of this Eden.
40:55He not only lives here,
41:00but also in this place.
41:05He eats fruits, then scatters the seeds with his feces,
41:10thus planting his favorite foods all over the forest.
41:15In this dense labyrinth,
41:20he uses sound to locate a possible partner.
41:30But his calls are ignored.
41:35He is living behind a fence,
41:40for his own protection.
41:50In the past, Sumatran rhinos lived all over South Asia.
42:00Today, there are less than 70.
42:16It is very possible that by the end of his natural life,
42:21he has become one of the last of his species.
42:30Because in the last 40 years,
42:35a third of the forests of Southeast Asia
42:40have been destroyed to sell wood and food products
42:45all over the world.
42:50The forests of Borneo and Sumatra,
42:56home to orangutans, rhinos,
43:01and thousands of other species that have evolved for millions of years,
43:06are now in danger of disappearing forever.
43:12It seems that the animals that had their home here
43:17are worth less to us than the land they inhabit.
43:22Seen from space,
43:27the magnitude of the destruction is more than evident.
43:33Asia has experienced a rapid change in the last 100 years
43:38than in any other time in its history.
43:43Its forests are being annihilated,
43:48its cities are expanding,
43:53and the human population is approaching 4.6 billion.
43:59It seems that the largest continent on Earth
44:04no longer has a place for wildlife.
44:18The oceans around Southeast Asia
44:23are also suffering from this pressure.
44:31These seas are the source of food for thousands of millions of people.
44:40For many of these fishermen, their catches are their only means of living.
44:46And there is an animal that they value above all else.
45:01The whale shark.
45:07It swims slowly, feeding on plankton.
45:15It is almost 20 meters long.
45:20It is the largest fish in the world.
45:29And it is also threatened.
45:37Like many species of sharks in Asia,
45:42in recent years its population has decreased by less than half.
45:59They are an easy and valuable catch.
46:07But here there is a respect for the sea and its inhabitants.
46:17Whale shark hunting is prohibited in Indonesian waters.
46:25The whale shark has a very different role in the lives of these fishermen.
46:36They feed them, and the relationship seems to satisfy both sides.
46:44This new protection has become something truly important.
46:50The whale sharks that come from far away are looking for these fishermen.
46:56And in these safe waters, they have the opportunity to increase their population.
47:05Perhaps one day, or even the next,
47:10these fishermen will be able to return to Indonesia.
47:19And other species of sharks will also be protected.
47:30The people here have made a simple but extraordinary decision.
47:36To fish in a sustainable way for them and for the animals.
47:42Taking care of wildlife is a shared responsibility.
47:52In this huge continent, and all over the world,
47:57these kinds of decisions are the key to protecting the most precious diversity on the planet.
48:12Orang Utan
48:21I first went in search of orang utan in 1956.
48:29Then there were around 175,000 living in the remote forests of Borneo.
48:42I found on the forest floor the rinds and cores of durian fruit,
48:47which I knew was the favorite food of orang utan.
48:52Then we heard a crashing in the branches ahead,
48:57and high up in the trees we saw a great furry red form.
49:02He seemed enormous. He was probably almost five feet high.
49:11In the 60 years since, I've returned to Borneo on many occasions
49:16to film and document its wildlife.
49:21But during that time, the island's orang utan population has more than halved,
49:26leaving them endangered.
49:31And finding them in their natural habitat has become ever more difficult.
49:37The cause of this decline was evident during a visit in 2012.
49:43When I first came to this river in Borneo in 1956,
49:48the rainforest stretched unbroken on either side of the river for hundreds of miles.
49:53Today, it's very different.
49:59Now, only patches of forest remain.
50:04So to film orang utan in the wild,
50:09the Seven Worlds crew joined a research team
50:14heading for the Gunung Palung National Park.
50:19This 400-square-mile area is home to Borneo's largest remaining wild orang utan population.
50:29Here, they are protected and studied.
50:38The crew follow a mother, known to researchers as Bibi,
50:43and her infant, Bayas, as she teaches him how to find food.
50:48Like all orang utan mothers,
50:53Bibi has to work hard to raise Bayas,
50:58and this means she may only have four or five infants in her lifetime.
51:03This low number of babies
51:08means it's hard for orang utan to recover from population decline.
51:19Researchers want to know why orang utan give birth so rarely.
51:27Today, they're following a young female, Walima, to find out if she's pregnant.
51:34But to do this, they'll have to put themselves in the firing line.
51:40So what we do is we have to wait until she pees,
51:45and we have a bag on a fishing pole,
51:50and when she starts to go, we run over there and try to catch it.
51:55A few years ago, I was featured in a magazine
52:00as the top ten worst jobs in science.
52:05I was ranked as the number one pee collector.
52:10Not too glamorous, apparently.
52:15Research is starting to show an important pattern,
52:20that orang utan can only conceive when there's enough fruit around in their home.
52:25The team will now test the sample to discover if Walima is pregnant.
52:30But the orang utan within Gunung Panung are the lucky ones.
52:37Those beyond the borders of the park face a very different world.
52:46Many are left with no home at all.
52:53This footage shows members of International Animal Rescue
52:58attempting to dart and sedate a stranded orang utan so it can be moved to safety.
53:15Rescued orang utan are treated,
53:18but with each passing year, there are fewer places left for them to go.
53:29Since 1960, the destruction of Borneo's rainforests
53:34has been happening on an industrial scale.
53:45Huge areas were initially stripped for timber,
53:50and then a very different type of tree was planted.
53:58Oil palm.
54:02Today, it has become the most widely used type of vegetable oil in the world,
54:07and Borneo is the location of almost half the oil palm plantations on the planet.
54:15These uniform plantations can't support life in the same way as a rich and diverse rainforest.
54:29But oil palm is very important to the local economy, and it's highly efficient.
54:37Simply using another type of oil might take up more land, leading to more deforestation.
54:48And this is where it ends up.
54:51Palm oil is found in around half the packaged products in our supermarkets.
54:58As well as in biofuels.
55:03The balance between our needs and conservation is hard,
55:07but we can offer a vital lifeline for our forest relatives.
55:12We may be able to protect them through simple choices,
55:17like buying products made with deforestation-free, sustainable palm oil
55:23from companies that support local people,
55:26using existing plantations without cutting down more rainforest.
55:34Keeping Gunung Palung's inhabitants safe, including Walimar.
55:40She did become pregnant, and now has a daughter to care for.
55:46Their future will be determined by the choices we make today.
56:01Back in 1956, I never imagined that within the space of my lifetime,
56:07these intelligent apes and the ancient forests they have lived in for millions of years
56:13would be placed under such dire threat.
56:24Just how much longer they will inhabit the planet is up to all of us.
56:42Next time...
56:45A land of the unexpected.
56:56The richest and most diverse continent on Earth.
57:03South America.
57:13I don't want to walk alone.
57:19I want to believe.
57:24Can you hear my call?
57:28There's a love that's between.