Universo. El Big Bang, antes del amanecer. Documental
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Transcript
00:00Our universe is an enigma, an inexhaustible paradox.
00:27It is a dark ocean, cold and lifeless.
00:44But it is an ocean with shining islands, full of light.
00:49Galaxies that are counted by billions.
01:12Each of them is made up of hundreds of thousands of millions of stars.
01:20And around many of those stars, there are planets.
01:26Which one is more incomprehensible and strange?
01:38In our universe, there are billions of planets.
01:41And one of them became the home of beings capable of contemplating this cosmic spectacle.
01:54Like lit candles,
01:59miraculously improbable,
02:02that sparkle in an eternal night.
02:11When night falls, when it is known that all those points of light that appear in the sky are distant stars,
02:19it is impossible not to feel overwhelmed by the magnitude and majesty of what is seen.
02:28The universe is infinite in all directions, and terrifying in all directions.
02:36But if you can overcome that fear, then questions arise.
02:40And surely the most profound question is, how did all this get here?
02:45This questioner has defined a large part of human history.
02:49But it was during the last century when we have the intellectual capacity and the technical tools
02:55to search for answers by directly questioning nature.
03:00And the discovery has been to know that in our reality there was a first moment in time
03:06that the universe had a beginning 13,800 million years ago, the Big Bang.
03:25Although it may not be absolute.
03:30Because we now suspect that there is something else.
03:34And we have embarked on a heroic search for time before dawn.
03:43I can see everything very clearly.
03:46It is an inhospitable beauty.
04:00I found it!
04:02I found it!
04:04I found it!
04:06I found it!
04:08I found it!
04:11Magnificent desolation.
04:15Beautiful, beautiful.
04:31To all the inhabitants of the Earth.
04:34The crew of Apollo 8 wants to send you a message.
04:41At the beginning, God created heaven and earth.
04:47And the earth was uniform and empty.
04:51And darkness covered the surface of the abyss.
04:56And God said, let there be light.
05:03And there was light.
05:11And God saw that the light was good.
05:20Since we have become aware of ourselves.
05:28We have not stopped looking at the sky.
05:31We observe those mysterious lights.
05:36In search of answers.
05:41What is the universe?
05:44How did it emerge?
05:47What is our place in the cosmos?
05:53Sometimes we doubt the stories our ancestors told about creation.
06:00But those ancient myths hide a deep truth.
06:08The clues to the origin of everything could be out there.
06:29In the light that reaches us.
06:33From beyond the stars.
06:51If we want to discover the origin of the universe, we need some evidence.
06:57And if there is something that connects us to the distant past, it is the light.
07:07If we use a cosmic scale, the light travels very slowly.
07:12It barely reaches 300,000 kilometers per second.
07:15It takes eight minutes to get from the sun to the earth.
07:19And it takes four years to get from the nearest star.
07:23And that means we see that star as it was four years ago.
07:28So the further we go into the universe, the further we go back in time.
07:33And because we can look at the universe from the distance,
07:37we can go back to the beginning of time.
07:43Go ahead, Charlie.
07:45Okay, everything is ready, but it will take one more minute.
07:49Okay, Charlie.
07:51To find the origin of the universe, we need a time machine.
08:00Everything seems to be fine, and we can go ahead.
08:04Okay, Charlie.
08:08A telescope so powerful that it can look as far into the universe as to capture the oldest light.
08:18We have released the telescope.
08:22And transport us to the beginning of time.
08:30Okay, Charlie.
08:33Okay, Charlie.
08:46The Hubble Space Telescope has embarked us on an odyssey through the universe.
08:54Revealing its gods.
09:04And its monsters.
09:12Our universe is a place full of beauty.
09:17And terror.
09:22Hubble has shown us visions of sublime creations.
09:27And images of spectacular destructions.
09:33Illuminating our journey through time.
09:38Towards dawn.
09:45The Orion Nebula, a stellar nursery.
09:49With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
09:55This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
10:02With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
10:07This image has come thanks to the light that left the nebula 1,300 years ago.
10:17The pillars of creation.
10:20Delicate tower-shaped structures, with a height of several light years.
10:257,000 years ago.
10:33The Andromeda Galaxy.
10:36A brilliant island of a billion suns.
10:402.5 million years ago.
10:50A cosmic rose.
10:53Galaxies colliding in celestial choreography.
10:58300 million years ago.
11:02But Hubble's journey has taken us even further into the unknown ocean of space.
11:08This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
11:14With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
11:20This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
11:26But Hubble's journey has taken us even further into the unknown ocean of space.
11:42Delving deeper into the darkness.
11:46Gazing at innumerable ancient and distant galaxies.
11:58Conglomerates of stars, aggressive and primitive.
12:04Illuminating the way to the primordial past.
12:16Unleashing a new era.
12:34Until, at last, Hubble reached the farthest edge.
12:46A galaxy near the beginning of time.
13:00This is the galaxy GNZ11.
13:04One of the farthest that we have ever seen.
13:08Its light comes from some of the first stars of the universe.
13:12It began its journey just 400 million years after the Big Bang.
13:18And it has taken 13,400 million years to reach us.
13:24This light was formed when it had 9,000 million years traveling through the universe.
13:30And the time it took to complete the last third of its journey,
13:36to enter our telescopes, is equivalent to the entire history of our planet.
13:40It is an image of the beginning of time.
13:44GNZ11 was one of the first galaxies.
13:48They were born when the universe itself was being formed.
13:52Just after the Big Bang.
14:22GNZ11 was a strange galaxy, compared to the current ones.
14:3425 times smaller than the Milky Way.
14:46But full of huge stars, and full of energy.
14:52And full of life.
14:56And full of life.
15:20Along with those giant stars, there were other things.
15:24Some delicate objects that tried to resist that voracity.
15:38They were some of the first planets in the universe.
15:44Strange and primitive worlds.
15:48And on the horizon of one of them, a sun was rising.
16:12Writing a new chapter in the history of the universe.
16:16The beginning of the relations between stars and planets.
16:24That thousands of millions of years later,
16:28in a distant world,
16:32would lead to the origin of life.
16:36In reality we don't know when or where it will happen.
16:40We just know that it will happen.
16:44It is a great gift.
16:48It is a great gift.
16:52It is a great gift.
16:56It is a great gift.
17:00It is a great gift.
17:04We don't know when or where the first dawn occurred in the universe.
17:12But we do know that that first dawn was not the first instant.
17:16The stars and planets come from somewhere,
17:19so before that first dawn there was a long night.
17:24The dark age of the universe
17:31Astronomers call this time the dark age of the universe.
17:40If we continue to travel back in time,
17:43we would see how the shadows fall on the universe.
17:47The galaxies would disappear.
17:53And the primordial stars would be extinguished,
17:57one after the other.
18:10And the darkness would reach the middle of the universe.
18:17The same edge of the abyss.
18:22It seems that it is here,
18:24in the impenetrable darkness of the dark age of the universe,
18:29where our search to understand its origin ends.
18:48So how can we explore the origin of the universe
18:51by looking at the dark age?
18:56Well, perhaps contrary to intuition,
18:58we can guide ourselves by the light of the stars,
19:01because that star has been traveling through the universe
19:04for billions of years to get to us.
19:08And information about the way the universe evolved
19:11and evolved has come from the evolution of the universe.
19:18The dark age of the universe
19:31The stars have illuminated our journey through time.
19:41But although their light cannot guide us through the dark age,
19:47we can use it to build maps of the universe,
19:52in space and time,
19:56that allow us to navigate
20:01to the moment of creation.
20:18The most valuable light of all
20:33The most valuable light of all
20:38comes from a specific star
20:41during the spectacular song of the swan of its life.
20:47The most valuable light of all
21:00The existence of the stars is based on a state of permanent conflict,
21:04because the force of gravity is implacable.
21:07If it acts without opposition, it can crush anything,
21:10and it would crush everything, with no exceptions,
21:13if no other forces intervened.
21:16When a star collapses, the nucleus heats up
21:19and turns it into a gigantic nuclear fusion reactor.
21:22Hydrogen becomes helium, and the energy released in the process
21:25creates a pressure that maintains the structure of the star.
21:31But stars consume hundreds of millions of tons of hydrogen per second,
21:36and although they are very large, their size is not infinite.
21:40Just like humans, they have a limited life.
21:44They are subject to the relentless advance of time.
21:47Now, for the stars, like our sun,
21:50the collapse continues until it becomes another kind of star,
21:54known as the white dwarf.
22:09The white dwarfs are very strange celestial bodies.
22:15They are mortal remains of stars.
22:22They have a super dense nucleus, the size of a planet,
22:26made up entirely of carbon and oxygen.
22:33A star that, at its best, had a size equivalent
22:37to a million times our planet,
22:40would be crushed to its size.
22:44The carbon, subjected to extreme pressure,
22:48will turn the white dwarf into a stellar diamond.
22:56These diamond stars have a very critical balance.
23:01The time they can withstand the relentless attraction to their interior is limited.
23:10They are like clockwork bombs.
23:15They can't be destroyed.
23:26In 2018, the white dwarf was in orbit,
23:32facing a galaxy far, far away.
23:44It was observing a distant white dwarf,
23:47which we knew had arrived at the last moments of its extraordinary life.
24:00The white dwarf remained hidden for millions of years.
24:05Trapped in the orbit of a much larger star,
24:08it was about to be destroyed.
24:13But the white dwarf did not give up hope.
24:18It was determined to find a way out.
24:22It was determined to find a way out.
24:26It was determined to find a way out.
24:29Trapped in the orbit of a much larger star,
24:35a red giant.
24:50Little by little, the gravity of the white dwarf
24:53was attracting gas and plasma from the red giant.
25:00The mass of the white dwarf continued to increase,
25:06until it reached the critical limit.
25:15The so-called limit of Chandrasekhar.
25:22And it surpassed it.
25:30Causing a colossal thermonuclear reaction.
25:49The white dwarf detonated in a gigantic explosion,
25:53called Supernova.
25:59The supernova was called SN 2018 GV.
26:07The Hubble telescope witnessed it.
26:13Millions of years of light.
26:19The supernova in which that white dwarf became,
26:22received a name.
26:25It's called SN 2018 GV.
26:28And even though it's 70 million light years away,
26:32it's so bright that we could make a movie with it.
26:40It's a star the size of a planet,
26:43ending its life with a flash of light
26:46that's as bright as 5 billion suns.
26:50Although supernovas of this type
26:53only shine for a few days,
26:56they radiate a very intense light
26:59through the universe.
27:06We've classified these supernovas with a name.
27:11Type 1a supernovas.
27:15And they're common enough
27:18to allow us to map the evolution of the universe.
27:28For science, type 1a supernovas
27:31are a gift from nature.
27:34They all explode in the same way,
27:37and they all shine with the same intensity.
27:40If one appears more faint, it's because it's further away.
27:43And that allows us to calculate the distance
27:46from the galaxy to which the supernova belongs.
27:49As they're so bright, we can see them
27:52even though they're tens of billions of light years away.
27:55And that means that we can measure the distance
27:58to galaxies that are on the edge of the observable universe.
28:05But in the light, there's more encoded information.
28:10Type 2a supernovas
28:34When we look at the light of distant supernovas,
28:37we see something very interesting and very surprising.
28:40Because the light of all the supernovas
28:43that are not in our region
28:46is redder than it should be.
28:49And the further away they are, the redder their light is.
28:52It's called the red shift.
28:55The longer the wavelength, the redder the light is.
28:58So, during the time that the light has been traveling
29:01from the supernova to us,
29:04the space itself has been stretched
29:07and the wavelength of the light has been stretched.
29:10And that means that the universe is expanding.
29:18It's a crucial clue in our search for the origin of the universe.
29:25If the universe is expanding today,
29:28tomorrow everything will be further away.
29:35From what we deduce,
29:38yesterday everything was closer.
29:43To understand how it all began,
29:49we have to go back in time
29:54through thousands of millions of days.
29:57We have to go back to a time before the Earth and the Sun.
30:12Before the galaxies.
30:27As we go back, the universe shrinks.
30:33It gets smaller,
30:36denser,
30:39and hotter
30:42until we reach the most famous moment in the history of the universe.
30:58The universe is infinite.
31:10There are galaxies of exquisite beauty.
31:21There are galaxies of exquisite beauty.
31:28Stars with formidable power.
31:35And planets.
31:38Countless extraordinary worlds.
31:57The galaxies, the stars and the planets
32:00make our universe impressive.
32:09Much more interesting than an immense sterile place.
32:22How could a universe of light and life
32:26emerge from the Big Bang cataclysm?
32:35Unfortunately, we don't know.
32:38We don't even know if the universe had a beginning.
32:41But we do know a lot about how the universe evolved
32:44starting from a different state.
32:48We know that 13,800 million years ago
32:51the space where I am now
32:54and all the space to the edge of the observable universe
32:57with its two billion galaxies
33:00was very hot
33:03and it has been expanding since then.
33:06That implies that if we go back
33:09everything will be closer contained in a very small speck.
33:14But how small was that speck?
33:17How did it all happen?
33:20Well, we used to say that the universe
33:23existed at the beginning of time
33:26in that very hot and dense state
33:29that we call the Big Bang.
33:32But now we have strong reasons to suspect
33:35that the universe existed before that
33:38and in that sense it is possible to talk about a time before the Big Bang.
33:42How was the universe before the Big Bang?
33:50First of all, it must be said
33:53that it was very strange.
33:59There was no matter.
34:05There was no air.
34:11There was only space-time and energy.
34:16An almost inert ocean of energy
34:19but with a slight wave.
34:33Before the Big Bang
34:36the universe was a cold, alien, strange place.
34:39There was nothing in it.
34:44Imagine a calm ocean of energy
34:47that occupies the void.
34:50Although there were no structures
34:53that energy had an effect on space.
34:56It caused its expansion.
34:59Not the gentle expansion we have today
35:02but an unimaginably violent expansion.
35:05That expansion is known as inflation.
35:10Let us think of a tiny and insignificant
35:13cloud in space.
35:22Insignificant, but that millions of years later
35:25would grow to become
35:28our observable universe.
35:31That cloud expanded at a dizzying rate
35:34with an exponential expansion
35:37that lasted
35:40barely a thousand millionth
35:43of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
35:50The cloud was so small
35:53that it was impossible to see it.
35:57The cloud expanded
36:00until it reached the size of a cave.
36:03And then inflation came to an end.
36:06And all the energy of the ocean
36:09that was driving the expansion
36:12was poured into space
36:15and formed the ingredients
36:18of everything in our observable universe.
36:21I mean, imagine that a place of this size
36:24could form two billion galaxies.
36:27That is what we call the Big Bang.
36:39I mean, the Big Bang
36:42was not the explosion we always think of.
36:48In reality, it was a transformation
36:51of energy into matter.
36:59And the fossilized remains
37:02of those transcendental events,
37:05the memory of the wavy ocean of energy
37:08that propelled inflation,
37:11were imprinted in our universe.
37:14In fact, these fossilized waves
37:17shaped our universe.
37:20This is the place where each galaxy
37:23and each star would form,
37:26each planet and each moon.
37:31And how can we know all this?
37:37How do we know that there was a Big Bang?
37:41How do we know that there were waves
37:44in an ocean of energy before the Big Bang?
37:51The answer is...
37:547, 6, 5...
37:57We know because we have seen it.
38:207, 6, 5...
38:23We know because we have seen it.
38:267, 6, 5...
38:29We know because we have seen it.
38:327, 6, 5...
38:35We know because we have seen it.
38:387, 6, 5...
38:41We know because we have seen it.
38:447, 6, 5...
38:47We know because we have seen it.
38:53The Planck Space Telescope
38:56scanned the entire cosmos,
38:59searching for light.
39:11It did not search for the light of galaxies or stars.
39:17It searched for the light of the beginning of time.
39:48In this photograph we see a very distant past.
39:51It is the oldest light in the universe,
39:54a light that has traveled almost 13,800 million years
39:57to get to us.
40:00It is a photograph of the entire firmament,
40:03or the celestial sphere, if you prefer,
40:06in all the directions in which we can look.
40:09And we have flattened it to be able to see it completely.
40:12It is called microwave background radiation
40:16It is a universe without stars or galaxies.
40:19And the question is, if there are no stars or galaxies,
40:22where does that light come from?
40:25The answer is that it comes from the universe itself,
40:28since it belongs to a time,
40:31just a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang.
40:34And at that time the universe was still hot.
40:37What we see here is the twilight glow of the Big Bang.
40:45The most revealing thing about this photograph is the detail.
41:08The variation.
41:15This pattern is one of the most important discoveries
41:18in the entire history of mankind,
41:21because it represents one of the necessary steps
41:24in the history of how we got here.
41:39This peaceful ocean,
41:42this peaceful ocean of energy
41:45that spurred the rapid expansion of space during inflation,
41:48could not be so peaceful.
41:51There had to be waves.
41:54It is a consequence of the laws of nature as we understand them.
42:04And those waves were imprinted in the universe
42:07through the Big Bang
42:10as areas with slightly different densities
42:13imprinted in a young universe.
42:18As the universe expanded and cooled,
42:21the densest regions collapsed
42:24to form the first stars and galaxies.
42:28Without those waves, we would not exist.
42:36But there is something even more extraordinary
42:39related to these waves.
42:42We predicted them before we knew they existed.
42:49And then we ventured into space to prove our theory.
42:55The image of the twilight after the Big Bang
42:58that the Planck telescope provided us with
43:01is a strong proof of the extravagant saga of creation.
43:04It is the story of that wave.
43:08The waves and inflation.
43:16These waves were the seeds of creation
43:19and we were able to guess their existence
43:22from our point of observation, a small planet,
43:2513,800 million years after the moment of creation.
43:30And then, because we are scientists,
43:33we decided to launch a spaceship
43:36to capture the oldest light in the universe.
43:40And we saw that our assumption was correct.
43:44We dared to imagine a time before the beginning of time
43:47that showed that the story of creation is not a myth.
43:59So this would be the story of creation
44:02told by science.
44:07At the beginning, there was an ocean of energy
44:10that caused the rapid expansion of space,
44:13called inflation.
44:17In that ocean, there were waves.
44:24At the end of inflation,
44:27the ocean of energy became matter
44:30during the Big Bang.
44:37And the pattern of the waves
44:40was imprinted in our universe,
44:43like regions with slight differences
44:46in the density of hydrogen and helium gas
44:49that formed after the Big Bang.
45:07The regions with the densest gas
45:10collapsed
45:13and formed the first stars.
45:36And the first galaxies.
45:42And 9,000 million years later,
45:48a new star was born on the Milky Way.
45:53The Sun.
45:57The Earth.
46:03Eight planets were joined to the star,
46:08including the Earth.
46:17And almost 13,800 million years later,
46:20from that beginning,
46:23we emerged,
46:26flickering towards the light.
46:54To see the Earth as it really is,
46:57small, blue and beautiful
47:00in that eternal silence in which it floats,
47:03is to see riders riding on the Earth,
47:06together as brothers in the eternal cold.
47:09Brothers who now know
47:12that they are truly brothers.
47:24We all have moments of amazement.
47:27We all dream.
47:31Our thoughts float freely
47:34as they rise above the Earth
47:37towards a star dozen.
47:42In our most reflective moments,
47:45we all understand that we are connected
47:48to the universe, no matter how small we are.
47:53We are nothing more than a set of simple atoms,
47:57but atoms arranged in an extraordinary way,
48:03with an eagerness to explore the universe
48:06to understand it
48:14and to celebrate our own place
48:17in this great cosmic saga.
48:24To follow this saga towards the past
48:27is to peregrinate to a previous time,
48:32to the beginning of time
48:40and to strange waves that existed
48:43in a universe prior to ours.
48:53I think we all should ask ourselves
48:56about the meaning of all this.
48:59What does it mean to be human?
49:02Why do we exist?
49:05Why does everything around us exist?
49:08These do not sound like scientific questions,
49:11they might seem like questions
49:14for philosophy or theology,
49:17but I think they are scientific questions
49:20because they are questions about nature,
49:23they are questions about the universe.
49:26And the way to understand the universe
49:29is to observe it.
49:32Observing the oldest light in the universe,
49:35we have seen waves caused by events
49:38that occurred before the Big Bang.
49:41We have seen millions of galaxies written in the sky
49:44in a gigantic cosmic network.
49:47But for me there is a very clear lesson.
49:50It is impossible to answer these questions
49:53so deeply being introverted,
49:56looking inwards.
49:59We will answer them by looking up
50:02at the horizon and observing the universe
50:05that is beyond the stars.
50:08We used to look at the sky and only see questions.
50:11Now we have started to see answers.
50:17Hubblecast is produced by ESA and the European Space Agency
50:20The Hubble mission is a project of international cooperation
50:23between NASA and the European Space Agency
50:26Transcription by ESO, translated by —
50:47It is the most famous and for a good reason.
50:50It was the first time that we were able to launch
50:53such a powerful optical telescope into space.
50:56The Earth's atmosphere
50:59blurs out what we observe
51:02but by placing a telescope in space
51:05we get precise, crystal clear images
51:08of the universe.
51:113, 2, 1, and lift off
51:14Spacecraft Discovery takes off
51:17with the Hubble Space Telescope, our window to the universe.
51:20The feeling when the spacecraft takes off
51:23with that sound and those vibrations
51:26is just extraordinarily inspiring.
51:33The solid fuel propellers have already completed their mission.
51:36OK, Charlie.
51:39OK, everything is ready but it will take one more minute.
51:45Hubblecast is produced by ESA and the European Space Agency
51:48Transcription by —
51:51It is the most famous and for a good reason.
51:54It was the first time that we were able to launch
51:57such a powerful optical telescope into space.
52:00The Earth's atmosphere
52:03blurs out what we observe
52:06but by placing a telescope in space
52:09we get precise, crystal clear images
52:12of the universe.
52:15Technicians have discovered that the great telescope
52:18has a distorted mirror
52:21which means that the images it sends are distorted.
52:24We had a mirror
52:27that was made with great precision
52:30but it was made with great precision
52:33in the wrong way.
52:36For the first three years of Hubble's life
52:39it didn't give us the wonderful images
52:42that we expected.
52:45The solution was the same
52:48as when I was a little girl
52:51and I couldn't read the blackboard in school.
52:54The solution was to add to the telescope
52:57an optical corrector,
53:00something very similar to glasses.
53:03Five, four, three, two, one.
53:07Take-off.
53:10Take-off of the space carrier Endeavour
53:13on an ambitious mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
53:16Being able to place that optical device
53:19with a possible precision error of less than one millimetre
53:22was something extraordinary.
53:25It's even difficult to do it on land and without gloves.
53:28The Endeavour has been correctly attached to Mr. Hubble's telescope.
53:31Received.
53:34The President and I would like to congratulate you
53:37on one of the most spectacular space missions in our history.
53:43And when Hubble opened its eyes
53:46after the repair,
53:49the images that we got
53:52changed forever the way we understand
53:55and visualise the universe in which we live.
53:59Hey!
54:02The images are spectacular.
54:05The problem with Hubble is over.
54:12It's really hard to remember
54:15what we had before the Hubble Space Telescope.
54:18We've got used to these extraordinary photographs
54:21of what's close, what's far and what's very, very far away.
54:29I think every time I look at an image of Hubble,
54:32I feel marvellous.
54:35I was the girl who had the Hubble photos in her locker.
54:43Anybody, whether they have a heart of an astronomer
54:46or a soul of a poet,
54:49will look at the Hubble images
54:52and see everything that's in them
54:55and they will remember.
55:06Hubble has not only done what we expected
55:09and what we wanted it to do,
55:12but it has actually done a lot of things
55:15that nobody dared to dream of.
55:20One of the biggest discoveries
55:23of the Hubble Space Telescope
55:26is that not only is our universe getting bigger,
55:29but it's expanding and stretching faster and faster.
55:33The universe is going to keep expanding
55:36and we imagine that it's going to be so big
55:39that all the galaxies will disappear from our sight.
55:42They'll be so far away from us
55:45and they'll move so fast that we won't be able to see the light they emit.
55:48That's a very real possibility
55:51that's going to happen in the future.
55:55We still don't know what's driving this new phase of accelerated expansion
55:58and we're building new tools
56:01to improve that research.
56:04The Hubble Space Telescope,
56:07which was a technological marvel of its time,
56:10is very far from what we can build today.
56:16So it's going to be completely surpassed
56:19by the new Spanish Space Telescope,
56:22which is going to be the first of its kind.
56:25It's going to be the first of its kind.
56:28It's going to be the first of its kind.
56:31It's going to be completely surpassed
56:34by the new James Webb Space Telescope
56:37which will allow us to see the universe in more depth.
56:43It's going to give us some inescapable details.
56:46We can use some of the very dense and turbid clouds
56:49to observe stars during their formation process
56:52and we'll use it to look much further back in time.
56:55We'll use it to look much further back in time.
56:58to look much further back in time.
57:03The story that is going to develop
57:05over the next three or four years
57:07is going to be very exciting.
57:21The Havel is the king
57:23because it is still a great observatory
57:25compared to what we used to have in space.
57:28It is a unique instrument
57:30for making discoveries
57:32that would have been impossible with another telescope.
57:39When you think of an image of space,
57:42you actually think of an image of the Havel.
57:55NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
57:58California Institute of Technology