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00:00This year is the 100th year of Showa.
00:06How has Japan changed compared to 100 years ago?
00:12100 years ago, that is, 100 years before and after the Showa,
00:17Japan looked like this.
00:21Japan became unstable after the 3rd year of the Great Kanto Earthquake.
00:25Many people lost their jobs and faced many difficulties.
00:31What was the largest industry in Japan 100 years ago?
00:37What did Japan export the most 100 years ago?
00:43How much population did Japan have 100 years ago?
00:49How much average life expectancy did Japan have compared to 100 years ago?
00:55If you look at that, you can see that Japan is completely different from now.
01:04This year, 2025, is the 100th year of Showa.
01:10So it is also called the 100th year of Showa.
01:13How has Japan changed compared to 100 years ago?
01:17If we go back 100 years, it seems that many eras have changed.
01:22Is it Showa for us?
01:26I think it's a long time ago.
01:31It's strange because it's close to Showa.
01:35Anyway, I have an image of black and white.
01:39I was born in 1942, but my house is like a Karate gym.
01:45This year is the 100th year of Showa.
01:48What kind of country was Japan 100 years ago?
01:53Let's start with this episode when the Showa started.
01:59In the Showa era, there were only 7 days.
02:04Emperor Taisho was deposed on December 25, 1915.
02:10On that day, the Showa era began.
02:14So in the Showa era, there were only 7 days.
02:18And the end of the Showa era is 7 days.
02:23So in the Showa era and the Showa 64, it was 7 days.
02:29And in the Showa era, there was an event called the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:35Look at this.
02:36This is a daily newspaper in Tokyo.
02:40Emperor Taisho was deposed.
02:43Please look at this.
02:44It says, the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:46Did he make a mistake?
02:47He wrote, the Fifth Law of the Century.
02:51It was published by Gougai.
02:53When everyone started reading this, it became the Showa era.
02:59At that time, there was a Gougai magazine.
03:02This is the second issue of Gougai.
03:05It says, the Fifth Law of the Century.
03:08It was published by Gougai for a long time.
03:12But the Tokyo Daily News wrote a special issue called Koubun.
03:16So the government changed it to the Showa era in a hurry.
03:20There is a theory.
03:23In general, it is said to be the Fifth Law of the Century.
03:29This year is the 100th year of the Showa era.
03:32How much was the population of Japan 100 years ago?
03:37By the way, on January 1st this year, the population was 123.59 million.
03:44Let's say 70 million.
03:4670 million.
03:48I think it was about 50 million.
03:50That's not a lot.
03:51The answer is here.
03:5359,736,822.
03:58It is half of the current population.
04:02In the Showa era, the population continued to increase.
04:05It exceeded 100 million in 1967.
04:08The year of birth.
04:10The phenomenon continues to peak in 2008.
04:17Why do you know the detailed population of 100 years ago?
04:23I don't know.
04:24It doesn't seem to have a proper census like now.
04:29That's why the local government did their best.
04:36They counted it.
04:39I think Japan has a good census.
04:42Is that so?
04:44In fact, a national census started.
04:48A national census started in 1920.
04:52After that, a national census is conducted every five years.
04:57That's why there are so many detailed numbers.
05:01A national census is conducted every five years.
05:04This year is the year when a national census is conducted.
05:08October 1st is the date.
05:13October 1st is the date of the national census.
05:17In fact, it hasn't changed since the beginning of the Taisho era.
05:24It is said that autumn is suitable for a census.
05:28In Japan 100 years ago, there were many seasons in winter.
05:33It was too hot in summer, so it was difficult to go to a census.
05:37In spring, many people went on a trip.
05:40At that time, it was called Yusan.
05:42Many people went on a trip.
05:44In the end, autumn was good.
05:48Especially at that time, many people were farmers.
05:53October 1st is the season of agriculture.
05:56It is said that October 1st is good because it is just before the winter home.
06:04Then, where do you think was the most populated city in Japan 100 years ago?
06:13That's Tokyo.
06:16No, it wasn't.
06:19It wasn't Tokyo?
06:21Mr. Ukisho.
06:23It was Osaka.
06:26Really?
06:27Yes.
06:28There were about 2.1 million people in Osaka.
06:31There were about 2 million people in Tokyo.
06:34The Great Kanto Earthquake caused a lot of damage.
06:38Some people moved to Osaka.
06:43And Tokyo was different from now.
06:48Now it is called Tokyo 23-ku.
06:50At that time, it was called Tokyo City.
06:53There were only 15 districts.
06:56Tokyo City is only this.
06:58It's really the center.
07:00It wasn't Tokyo City.
07:02Shibuya station is off.
07:04So, Tokyo City had less population than Osaka City.
07:12Now, Tokyo 23-ku was established after the war.
07:16It was established in 1947.
07:22100 years ago, Shibuya station and Shinjuku station were both outside of Tokyo City.
07:29Not only that, there was another difference.
07:33Tokyo-to was Tokyo-fu.
07:37Until 100 years ago, Tokyo-to didn't exist.
07:41It was Tokyo-fu.
07:43There was Tokyo City in Tokyo-fu.
07:47Tokyo-to was established in 1943.
07:51It was in 1948.
07:53Tokyo-fu and Tokyo-City were double.
07:58It was too wasteful.
08:00So, Tokyo-to was established.
08:03There are Osaka and Koso.
08:06Osaka-fu and Osaka-City were double.
08:09So, they should be together.
08:11They should be like Tokyo-to.
08:13That's Osaka and Koso.
08:17This year is Showa 100.
08:20What kind of life did Japan have 100 years ago?
08:25The next Showa 100 is about average life expectancy.
08:30First, let's see how much it is now.
08:34The average life expectancy in 2023 is 81.09 years for men and 87.14 years for women.
08:45Mr. Matsushima, how much do you think it was 100 years ago?
08:49Mr. Otanobunaga said it was 50 years ago.
08:53So, it was about 73 years ago.
08:59Let's see.
09:01100 years ago, it was 44.82 years for men and 46.54 years for women.
09:09It's about half of what it is now.
09:11Why?
09:12If a child dies, will the average age go down?
09:14No.
09:15The average life expectancy is not the average age of a living person.
09:19The average life expectancy of a baby is the average life expectancy of a 0-year-old baby.
09:29So, even if a baby was born, there were a lot of people who died.
09:33Why is that?
09:35Because of malnutrition, or because there is no vaccine now.
09:39It was very normal for a baby to die of diarrhea.
09:44The current average life expectancy is about 2 out of 1,000.
09:49But 100 years ago, it was 141.7 out of 1,000.
09:5714%?
09:58That's a lot.
10:00So, if you live longer than that, you can live longer.
10:04Of course, there were people who lived 60 to 70 years.
10:09There is a term called old age.
10:11It means old age.
10:13Oh, I see.
10:15That's why it's called old age.
10:17It was said that it was rare to live to 70 years old.
10:20I see.
10:22That's what it was like at that time.
10:24The next topic is the name of a child.
10:30Here are the top three most popular names today.
10:35There are many names that are easy to pronounce, have a good sound, and make you think of nature.
10:42Let's start with the most popular name of the second year of the Showa era.
10:46The second year of the Showa era?
10:47Yes.
10:48There are only seven days in a year.
10:50What do you think the name of the most popular boy is, Mr. Ijuni?
10:54I think it's Taro or Ichiro.
10:56Wow!
10:57It's the second year of the Showa era, so it's Shoji.
11:00Oh, I see.
11:02The second year of the Showa era.
11:04The name of the most popular name of the second year of the Showa era is...
11:08Yes.
11:10It's Shoji.
11:11Kazurazawa Sasori.
11:13It's Shoji.
11:14It's the second year of the Showa era, so it's Shoji.
11:16Then, Akira.
11:17Then, Kazuo in the Showa era.
11:19Kazuko in the Showa era.
11:21Akiko in the Showa era.
11:22That's all.
11:23The two letters of the Showa era are almost unique.
11:27One is the wish of the parents to have a good life with the new era,
11:33and the other is this reason.
11:37In fact, many people didn't know this character in the Showa era.
11:41What?
11:42Is it a new character?
11:43There are four points in the Showa era.
11:45Everyone knew the Showa character, but when it was suddenly said that the new character was the Showa character,
11:50many people were surprised that there was such a feeling.
11:54Originally, it was taken from the ancient Chinese.
11:57So, it was announced that it was made in the Showa era with the wish of bright knowledge and harmonious peace.
12:06From there, it became a boom and was used.
12:12In the original character, the ideal and wish of the era were included,
12:17and it was thought that it was a word with good meaning.
12:22In the early days of the Taisho era, the character SHO was very popular.
12:27And in the early Showa era, the standard of the girl's name was 〇〇子.
12:34I haven't heard it much recently.
12:37When did it change?
12:40It was in the second year of Heisei.
12:42The name of the girl's name was 〇〇子.
12:46I don't think it's in the book.
12:48No, it's not.
12:50Let's take a look at the Showa era in order.
12:54Here it is.
12:56In the early Showa era, it was all 〇〇子.
12:59It's all 〇〇子.
13:01It's all from 1st to 10th.
13:03There are still many 〇〇子.
13:05There are still many 〇〇子.
13:07There are still a lot.
13:09And 〇〇子 appeared for the first time in Showa 32.
13:12There are still many 〇〇子.
13:18It's coming.
13:20It's over.
13:22Unexpectedly, the number of 〇〇子 has increased.
13:26And in Showa 61, it was finally...
13:31It disappeared completely.
13:33On the contrary, there was a young man who said that he was jealous of a child when he lost his child.
13:38There was a child who said that.
13:40It seems to be popular.
13:43The separation of children started in the Showa 40s.
13:48Famous people who do not have children are often seen on TV.
13:53The number of names other than children has increased.
13:57After the Showa 100
14:02Clothing
14:05How was it before?
14:09There is such a document investigated in 1925.
14:14The proportion of men walking on Ginza Street is 67%.
14:20What do you think the percentage of women?
14:24I think the proportion of women is very good.
14:31I think it's 90%.
14:34There is a child in a clothing store.
14:39I think the proportion of women is very good.
14:45I think the proportion of women is very good.
14:48I think the proportion of women is 1%.
14:52The proportion of women is very good.
14:55I think the proportion of women is 1%.
14:58I think there are many people in Japanese clothes.
15:03Why did men cheat so much?
15:07Because they are soldiers.
15:10They are all soldiers.
15:13Men go to the army.
15:16They wear military clothes.
15:19They wear the uniform of school.
15:22They wear the uniform of school.
15:27This is a formal uniform.
15:33This is a formal uniform.
15:37Among women in urban areas
15:41There are also women called modern girls.
15:47Since then, it has become a symbol of modern culture in newspapers and magazines.
15:53It's a kind of gravure.
15:56So, from that time, it was a group of cool people?
15:59Not just cool people.
16:01There were people who thought they were cool.
16:03On the other hand, there were people who were conservative.
16:05They said,
16:06Why are you wearing Western clothes?
16:08You're abandoning Japanese tradition.
16:10There were criticisms like that.
16:14The man in the back is looking at me with a stern look.
16:22In the early Showa period, especially in summer,
16:25this dress was popular among women.
16:30Do you know what it was called at that time?
16:33If you're in your 50s or older, do you know?
16:37Do you know what it was called?
16:39It was called Appappa.
16:42That's right.
16:43Oh, Appappa.
16:44That's right.
16:45Appappa.
16:46My mother told me to wear Appappa.
16:49Does it mean you can wear it quickly?
16:51I think so.
16:52It's easy to wear without a belt.
16:54It's easy to wash.
16:56It's easy to get a cold.
16:58Appappa.
16:59It's been about 45 years since I've said that.
17:02Appappa.
17:03That's about it for me, too.
17:05When I talked about this dress this time,
17:07the staff said,
17:08Oh, it's nostalgic.
17:11This year is the 100th year of Showa.
17:14Now, everything has become convenient.
17:19What kind of life was it 100 years ago?
17:24Electricity, water, and gas are now used as usual.
17:28What was it like 100 years ago?
17:31First of all, electricity.
17:33How about you, Mr. Hijun?
17:35The other day, I got an e-mail from a radio station.
17:38I asked them what was the most surprising electrical appliance they had ever seen.
17:43It was an 80-year-old woman who lived in the countryside.
17:47She wrote,
17:48I got electricity.
17:50She said she was very impressed.
17:53I think it's very low.
17:55I think it's about 10%.
17:57I see.
17:58Everyone thinks it's so low because it's 100 years ago.
18:02This is 87%.
18:05Is this in Tokyo?
18:06No, it's all over the country.
18:0780% all over the country?
18:09That's why there was no electricity in the countryside or in the mountainous areas.
18:13That's why the electricity finally came through.
18:16I see.
18:18From the Taisho era to the early Showa period,
18:20the rapid development of the electricity grid has improved the efficiency.
18:27Now, most of the electricity comes from thermal power generation,
18:32but 100 years ago, it was mainly hydropower generation.
18:40In the area where electricity finally came in the period of expansion to the countryside,
18:46It was a time when it was said that lighting a house with electricity was a trend at that time.
18:52It was a time when it was said that lighting a house with electricity was a trend at that time.
18:57Electricity was quite widespread,
19:01but only a part of the metropolitan area could use water and gas.
19:08In the metropolitan area, which could use all three,
19:12there were many housewives who were delighted with the opening of gas.
19:16Why is that?
19:19There was a gas furnace.
19:23There was no need to start a fire.
19:26It was extremely convenient.
19:30In addition, gas was also used for stoves, stoves, and baths.
19:36It is said that it will develop into an infrastructure that supports the lives of the people.
19:44100 years from now
19:46The era of rapid modernization in the metropolitan area
19:52Then, what was the staple food of the Japanese 100 years ago?
19:58It's rice.
19:59I think they were already eating rice.
20:02No, of course.
20:04It's rice.
20:05How much do you eat?
20:08It's rice.
20:10That's right, but at that time there were a lot of wheat.
20:15Wheat was a luxury.
20:19In the rural areas in particular, rice is a commodity,
20:22so there are many households that eat wheat rice.
20:27When preparing a large amount of food, such as military and school lunches,
20:32cheap wheat was provided to reduce the cost.
20:38They were grateful for the rice,
20:40so they didn't want to get their family dirty with the rice.
20:47They didn't want to get their family dirty.
20:49It's not possible to sprinkle it on the rice.
20:51There were many people like that.
20:53They were really grateful for the rice.
20:58In general, rice was the staple food,
21:01pickles and miso soup,
21:03and fish and vegetables were secondary.
21:06They were 11 years old.
21:09It's easy.
21:12I think it's easy.
21:15I wish I could go back.
21:17I don't think it's healthy.
21:21In the city's restaurants,
21:23Western food such as curry rice and croquettes became a big hit.
21:29This is Shiseido Parlor.
21:32Everyone is dressed up and coming to eat Western food.
21:37Children's lunch was also introduced around this time.
21:43At this time, processed meat such as ham and sausage became popular,
21:48and meat food gradually began to expand.
21:53Speaking of staple foods other than rice, there is bread.
21:58In fact, bread became popular because of something we experienced.
22:06Bread became popular with Western food and meat food.
22:12In the early Showa period, bread shops were said to have increased in the city.
22:20What do you think made bread more popular?
22:26I got it.
22:27Was it staple food?
22:28It was school staple food.
22:30I see.
22:31It is said that it was the strategy of the United States that made bread popular in school staple food.
22:38The bread of school staple food that children ate after the war.
22:43What does it have to do with the United States?
22:47Japan after the war was a serious food.
22:51At that time, the war was over, and Japanese people from China and Southeast Asia came back to Japan.
23:02There was not enough food.
23:05On the other hand, there was a lot of wheat left in the United States.
23:09The strategy of the United States was to sell the remaining wheat to Japan.
23:13The strategy of the United States was to make Japanese people get used to bread.
23:20This is what was popular all over the country.
23:23Nutritionist.
23:26It is now called a kitchen.
23:29There are a lot of people here.
23:31Nutritionists and nurses teach how to cook wheat.
23:37They teach how to make bread, udon, or pancakes.
23:43They introduce nutritious recipes using wheat.
23:50It is said that Japan lost the war because it ate only rice.
23:55It is said that Japan lost the war because it ate only rice.
24:01From here, bread began to be served in school staple food.
24:07In the Showa 40s, bread became popular all over Japan.
24:13Now, bread is sold more than rice.
24:19When do you think Japan lost the war because of bread?
24:25I think bread is popular because people eat bread.
24:31I think it was around 1975.
24:34I think it was around the time of the Spring Bread Festival in Yamazaki.
24:38I think it was around 60 years ago.
24:41I think it was in 2011.
24:45I think it was recently.
24:47I think it was recently.
24:50One of the reasons is that the price of bread has risen.
24:53I think it's because the price of bread has risen.
24:58When people eat bread, the consumption of rice decreases.
25:02I think it was a little before that.
25:07I think it was a little before that.
25:10We've seen a lot of things from 100 years ago.
25:14Let's ask the person who was born in the Showa 40s if it was really like that in the Showa 40s.
25:22Fujioka City, Gunma Prefecture
25:26This old lady is in charge of serving and cooking at this ramen shop.
25:34I'm 102 years old.
25:37I'm very energetic.
25:39She was born in the Showa 40s and is very energetic even at 102 years old.
25:44She helps the shop six times a week and has a heavy iron pot.
25:50I'm grateful that the shop is helping me.
25:53It's helpful.
25:55It's a habit.
25:59It's not just a habit.
26:02Can't you wear glasses?
26:04No, I can't.
26:06I can't see up to 2.
26:08I was told to wear glasses.
26:11When I think about it, I have a bad gut.
26:14I've never been to the hospital or been to the hospital.
26:18I asked Fuku, who was 3 years old in the Showa 40s, what it was like in the early Showa.
26:26Was there a tap?
26:29There was no tap.
26:31There was no water.
26:32There was a lot of groundwater in Fujioka.
26:37You had to dig deep to get water.
26:40It was a lot of work to boil water.
26:45How was the gas?
26:48Not at all.
26:50I didn't want to go to a place where there was no water or gas.
26:55When I went to the hospital, I brought charcoal, firewood, and a small branch.
27:04I burned everything.
27:07That's why I can still cook well.
27:10When there was no water or gas, what did you think was a luxury?
27:17Most meat shops don't eat meat.
27:21It's a luxury.
27:23I was happy to hear that meat was included in curry.
27:27Then everyone started eating meat.
27:31How much was your allowance?
27:34My allowance?
27:36When I was 2 years old, I wore 4 candy balls.
27:43When did you start wearing Western clothes?
27:48When I was in elementary school, I wore everything.
27:53When I was in 6th grade, I was the only one who didn't wear Western clothes.
28:00Have you ever heard of Appappa?
28:02Appappa?
28:04I don't think I've ever heard of Appappa.
28:08Was it famous?
28:10It was famous.
28:12What was the news?
28:14My father liked to buy fashionable things, so he put a radio in front of the house.
28:21There was no house with a radio.
28:23I had a radio at home, so when it was evening, everyone came to listen to the radio outside.
28:31That's how I heard a lot of news.
28:34You were a ghost, weren't you?
28:36That's a difficult question.
28:38That's a difficult question.
28:41Let's listen to the most surprising news in her 102-year-old life.
28:47The war started when I was in the 2nd grade of military school.
28:53I think it was July 12th.
28:57Oh, that's when the war started.
28:59There was a war in Japan.
29:02I thought it would be easy, so I didn't think I would be able to use it.
29:08War is not a war that should be fought.
29:12The soldiers were great.
29:14There was nothing to eat during the war.
29:18Well, well.
29:20I had a great life.
29:23Finally, she asked this question.
29:27Is there anything you want to ask Mr. Ikegami?
29:31Well, I'm a short-lived person.
29:36You saw Mr. Ikegami's commentary, didn't you?
29:39I saw it, but I forgot everything.
29:44What is the secret of longevity?
29:47I think working is one of the ways to prevent aging.
29:53Please live a regular life.
29:57Thank you for your kind words.
30:00She really lives a regular life.
30:02Yes, I live a regular life.
30:05I will tell you the news in an easy-to-understand way, so please don't forget it.
30:13This year is the 100th year of Showa.
30:16How has the way of working changed?
30:20100 years ago, more than half of the people who worked in Japan were...
30:27First-time farmers, etc.
30:32It was a time when the whole country was focused on agriculture.
30:38In other words, there were many people who lived on their own.
30:46As the economy developed, industrialization and commercialization progressed.
30:54It was also a time when the economic gap between rural and urban areas gradually expanded.
31:00It is said that the current farmers are short of serious people.
31:06What is happening to this ratio now?
31:15It means that the industrial structure has changed this much.
31:20That's why it's becoming common to work in the third industry.
31:25It means that the way of working has also changed.
31:29In 100 years, the way of working has changed a lot.
31:35What kind of job do young people long for?
31:41Nowadays, both men and women, office workers are at the top.
31:46It is said that the reason is that it is stable.
31:52You underestimate office workers.
31:55Everyone has a different image of an office worker.
31:59You can do various jobs.
32:02I think that's what it means.
32:05So, 100 years ago,
32:08In the data from the 8th century,
32:11What is the most popular job?
32:15Here it is.
32:17The first place is hidden.
32:20Is the lawyer here?
32:23The first place for women is...
32:26Education.
32:27The teacher at school was overwhelmingly popular.
32:31Let me give you an example.
32:34The junior high school at that time was a secondary school.
32:37Now it's a high school from junior high school.
32:40When you leave junior high school, you get a job.
32:43Or you can go to a girls' school as a girl.
32:46It's a very fortunate family.
32:49So, 100 years ago,
32:51What do you think was popular with the elite boys at that time?
32:57I think it's the same education.
33:00Is it in the 4th place?
33:03I didn't release two songs.
33:06What is it?
33:08I think it's a soldier.
33:11A soldier.
33:13That's right.
33:15For the boys at that time,
33:17The most popular job was a soldier.
33:20The social status of soldiers was very high.
33:23They are respected.
33:25Salary is stable.
33:28After retirement, the only pension was a soldier.
33:31There was no pension system at that time.
33:34If you become a soldier, you'll be stable until you're old.
33:38That's how popular it was.
33:41Next, let's take a look at Japan 100 years ago.
33:48The national budget of Japan 100 years ago was about 1.6 billion yen.
33:53This is about one-hundredth of the current national budget.
33:59What do you think was the most popular?
34:04By the way, the top three current taxes are
34:09Consumption tax, income tax, and unemployment tax.
34:13What?
34:15Is there a consumption tax in that era?
34:18No, there isn't.
34:19What?
34:21I don't know at all.
34:23I don't know at all.
34:25I don't know at all.
34:28There was a lot of agriculture.
34:33It's not a fixed income tax.
34:36Is it a land tax?
34:38I think I know what it is.
34:41It's a consumption tax.
34:43That's right.
34:45That's right.
34:46Consumption tax, income tax, and unemployment tax.
34:50I've never heard of it.
34:52Income tax was included in the current tax.
34:55I see.
34:57Even if income tax and income tax were included, consumption tax was more expensive.
35:01It was expensive, so people drank a lot.
35:04People drank a lot.
35:06At that time, alcohol was a necessity for many people.
35:10There were a lot of people who worked in agriculture.
35:13There were a lot of people who moved their bodies.
35:16There wasn't a lot of entertainment.
35:19Drinking alcohol was a lot of fun.
35:23That's interesting.
35:25At that time, there was a fixed income tax called Chiso.
35:30It was a tax on land.
35:33But people opposed it.
35:36At that time, there were a lot of self-employed people in parliament.
35:40At that time, the parliament opposed the fixed income tax called Chiso.
35:47Everyone opposed it, so it became a tax on land.
35:52But even now, people don't pay taxes on alcohol and tobacco.
35:56They don't raise the price of taxes.
35:58That's right.
36:00It's a consumer product, not a necessity.
36:05I don't think it's the best.
36:07I agree.
36:08I agree.
36:10And 100 years ago, there was such a tax.
36:39This year is the 100th year of Showa.
36:42In the 15th year of Taisho, 100 years ago, a new tax called Seiryouinryouzei was introduced.
36:52What kind of drink do you think this tax was imposed on?
36:58I think it was mineral water.
37:01Yes.
37:03Mr. Mukisho, what's the reason?
37:04I wanted to get rid of taxes from mineral water.
37:09But I thought it was all.
37:12But I thought it was the most surprising mineral water.
37:16Do you think it's cider?
37:18It's a lot.
37:20Orange juice is only an image like powdered juice.
37:24Cider has a different name, but it has a b-ball in it.
37:28Ramune.
37:30I have an image of drinking a lot of Ramune.
37:34Ramune has carbonic acid in it, so it's a cool drink.
37:38It's luxurious, so I think the tax was imposed on it.
37:43That's exactly right.
37:46It was a condition to include carbonic acid.
37:51So only carbonated drinks became the target.
37:55Mr. Mukisho, there was no mineral water at that time.
37:59It's really recent.
38:01It's very recent.
38:02I see.
38:04There was no idea to buy water with money.
38:08I see.
38:10Cider, citron, and ginger ale were mass-produced and sold.
38:17It was a luxury.
38:22And to increase the country's income,
38:26he did this a hundred years ago.
38:30He was active in the inbound.
38:34A hundred years ago.
38:36Especially since the Meiji era,
38:39he had been promoting the friendship of foreigners visiting Japan as a part of his national work.
38:46In 1912, a group called the Japan Tourist Bureau was created.
38:51It was a group that introduced Japan to foreigners and gave them a tour.
38:56In short, the Japan Tourist Bureau.
39:01Wow.
39:03It's JTB.
39:05At first, it was an international company.
39:08Now, of course, it's a private company.
39:10Why did I say JTB?
39:12It started with the Japan Tourist Bureau.
39:17And in 1930, the government established the International Tourism Bureau.
39:25I see.
39:27Why was he so active in promoting the friendship of foreigners visiting Japan a hundred years ago?
39:35The Great Kanto Earthquake cost a lot of money to recover.
39:40But the importation of materials was increasing, and the international investment was deteriorating.
39:46So he focused on international tourism,
39:49and he wanted foreigners to spend a lot of money.
39:52So he was trying to help improve the international investment.
39:58He wanted to increase the country's income by developing the tourism industry.
40:10This year is the 100th year of Showa.
40:13What kind of relationship did Japan have with foreigners a hundred years ago?
40:18Let's take a look at this first.
40:23How many countries in the world did Japan have a hundred years ago?
40:27How many?
40:29Is the United States independent?
40:31Yes, it is.
40:33The number of countries in the world that Japan has approved is 196.
40:38On the other hand, the number of member states of the United Nations is 193.
40:43How many countries do you think there were in the world?
40:46120?
40:49I think it's a little less.
40:52I don't think it's a very detailed number.
40:56So it's about 70.
41:01That's a pretty good number.
41:04Wow, I lost!
41:06It's roughly 70 countries.
41:10Our World in Data is run by Oxford University.
41:15The number of countries in the world we see in the data is 68 countries a hundred years ago.
41:22At that time, the number of member states of the United Nations was 54 countries.
41:27And Japan had about 30 countries.
41:33Especially a hundred years ago, there were many people, so there were few countries.
41:39Then, what kind of trade did Japan do with foreign countries a hundred years ago?
41:47Let's take a look at the exports and imports of Japan at that time.
41:54I think the import is alcohol.
41:58Because you drink a lot.
42:00Because I drink a lot of alcohol, I think I import alcohol from other countries.
42:07Weapons.
42:09Exports and imports. Which one?
42:11Exports.
42:13Exports are weapons.
42:15What about imports?
42:17Imports are gasoline and oil.
42:24I think exports are a kind of fiber.
42:29What about imports?
42:32Cars are not yet.
42:35Cars are not yet.
42:37What about coal?
42:40Coal was mined as much as possible in Japan.
42:43Wheat.
42:45People didn't eat bread yet.
42:48Exports and imports are here.
42:51Exports are wood.
42:55Imports are cotton.
42:57Exports and imports are fiber.
43:03What about Tomioka Market?
43:05Tomioka Market.
43:07Tomioka Market.
43:09Tomioka Market was built in Meiji.
43:12It was in full swing at that time.
43:15In other words, a hundred years ago,
43:18Japan was the largest industry in terms of jewelry and textile industry.
43:24That's why Japanese wood was so popular in the world.
43:31What do you think the reason is?
43:35It's not a guarantee that we make a good number,
43:40but the quality is good in the world standard.
43:43The quality is high and the Japanese products are cheap.
43:48In fact, at that time,
43:50the disease of waste was popular in the world's textile industry.
43:55The world's textile industry was damaged.
44:00That's why Japanese wood was so popular.
44:04That's why Japan became the largest exporter of wood in the world.
44:10Exports came in more and more,
44:13and Japan began to develop.
44:17The situation continued until the end of the war.
44:21In the post-war period of high economic growth,
44:24exports of machinery, household appliances, and automobiles increased.
44:30Then, a hundred years ago,
44:33which countries did Japan trade with the most?
44:39China.
44:42The UK.
44:45I have a good image.
44:47It's like this.
44:49The first place is the United States.
44:51The second place is China.
44:53Well, it's not the People's Republic of China now.
44:55The third place is the UK,
44:58but it's close to the UK and India.
45:01It's not independent yet.
45:03The first place is the United States.
45:05The second place is the UK and India.
45:08The third place is China.
45:11That's why Japan's trade with the United States and China
45:15is still a very important country.
45:18In fact, it was the same a hundred years ago.