Explora la fascinante historia del Reino Visigodo en Hispania a través de nuestro documental exclusivo. Este periodo histórico, que se extendió desde la caída del Imperio Romano hasta la llegada de los musulmanes, fue fundamental en la configuración de la cultura y la sociedad en la península ibérica. En este documental, abordamos la vida cotidiana de los visigodos, sus estructuras políticas y la influencia que tuvieron en la formación de España.
Los visigodos, con su rica herencia cultural, nos dejaron un legado que aún resuena hoy. A lo largo de la producción, descubrirás cómo las costumbres y tradiciones visigodas han moldeado la identidad española contemporánea. Se exploran momentos clave como la conversión al cristianismo y la importancia de figuras históricas como Leovigildo y Recaredo.
Además, analizamos el impacto de la invasión musulmana y el eventual colapso de su reino, ofreciendo un contexto valioso para entender la historia medieval de Europa. Este documental no solo informa, sino que también invita a la reflexión sobre nuestras raíces históricas.
No te pierdas esta oportunidad de conocer más sobre el reino que estableció las bases para el futuro de Hispania. ¡Estamos seguros de que disfrutarás este viaje al pasado!
**Hashtags:** #ReinoVisigodo, #HistoriaDeHispania, #DocumentalHistórico
**Keywords:** reino visigodo, historiografía, Hispania, cultura visigoda, legado histórico, caída del Imperio Romano, invasión musulmana, figuras históricas, historia medieval, documental sobre visigodos
Los visigodos, con su rica herencia cultural, nos dejaron un legado que aún resuena hoy. A lo largo de la producción, descubrirás cómo las costumbres y tradiciones visigodas han moldeado la identidad española contemporánea. Se exploran momentos clave como la conversión al cristianismo y la importancia de figuras históricas como Leovigildo y Recaredo.
Además, analizamos el impacto de la invasión musulmana y el eventual colapso de su reino, ofreciendo un contexto valioso para entender la historia medieval de Europa. Este documental no solo informa, sino que también invita a la reflexión sobre nuestras raíces históricas.
No te pierdas esta oportunidad de conocer más sobre el reino que estableció las bases para el futuro de Hispania. ¡Estamos seguros de que disfrutarás este viaje al pasado!
**Hashtags:** #ReinoVisigodo, #HistoriaDeHispania, #DocumentalHistórico
**Keywords:** reino visigodo, historiografía, Hispania, cultura visigoda, legado histórico, caída del Imperio Romano, invasión musulmana, figuras históricas, historia medieval, documental sobre visigodos
Categoría
😹
DiversiónTranscripción
00:00The succession of events and transformations that occur in the Roman Empire from the 3rd century
00:18causes a crisis situation that is noticeable in all areas.
00:23In Rome, the continuous struggles for power trigger social upheavals
00:28and trade is interrupted throughout the territory.
00:32This situation favors the entry of a series of barbaric peoples
00:36that over time end up settling inside the empire.
00:47Two processes define the period that we know as the Low Empire,
00:51Christianization and Ruralization.
00:54Constantine is the first emperor to decree religious freedom in the West.
00:58During his reign, he promotes Christianity
01:01to the point that he is the first emperor to build a Christian temple in Rome.
01:05With him, the Church begins to accumulate power and enjoy tax privileges.
01:10The process of Christianization that Constantine begins reaches Spain.
01:14The Spanish-Roman oligarchy assumes the high ecclesiastical positions
01:18so that decurions and senators become bishops.
01:22However, the collaboration between the Church and the State
01:26provokes the emergence of more radical Christian groups
01:29and the emergence of more radical denominations.
01:32In the Middle Ages, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts.
01:36In the Middle Ages, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts.
01:41The lower strata of society identify themselves with Priscillian,
01:45who preaches the doctrine of good and evil
01:48to the point of confronting the official bishops.
01:51Priscillian is the first Christian to be considered a heretic
01:54and executed by a Christian emperor.
01:58Inflation and rising taxes cause migratory movements to the countryside.
02:02Inflation and rising taxes cause migratory movements to the countryside.
02:06To this ruralization, we must add the incursions of Germanic peoples
02:10that cause chaos in the cities.
02:16The aristocracy settles in large rural villas
02:19which are at the same time centers of agricultural exploitation and place of residence.
02:28The great landowners, from the Roman plantation in Spain,
02:32lived in wonderful, sumptuous villas.
02:35Now, in this period, they are richer,
02:38they concentrate large latifundia in their hands,
02:41and, as a contemporary Roman poet Ausonius says,
02:45at the end of the 4th century,
02:47they are men who live in the city to do their business,
02:50what was called the negotium,
02:52and they live in the countryside to do what was called the otium,
02:56to hunt, to receive friends, to practice poetry, etc.
03:03These villas are decorated with great luxury
03:06and have magnificent mosaics.
03:10The property is concentrated in few hands
03:13and the state has no control over the most powerful citizens.
03:17The small farmers lose their lands
03:19or give them to a man in exchange for protection.
03:22There are social uprisings against any established power.
03:28The latifundia become small states within the state,
03:32which often have their own armies.
03:35The passage of the cities to the autarchy of the villas
03:38is perhaps the biggest structural change
03:40that occurs in the Low Roman Empire.
03:47Around the 5th century, some barbaric peoples of Germanic origin
03:50cross the Limes, the borders of the empire.
03:54They take advantage of the weakness and the vacuum of power of Rome
03:57to penetrate the Iberian Peninsula.
04:04Alans and Vandals settle in the provinces of Bética and Lusitania,
04:08while the Swedes settle in the northwestern area,
04:11which includes present-day Galicia and part of Portugal.
04:15From the coasts of the Baltic Sea,
04:17the Goths set out for the western part of the empire.
04:20Those who settle in Italy are called Ostrogoths,
04:24while those who settle in the south of France
04:27and north of the peninsula are the Visigoths.
04:30These mercenaries enter accompanied by their families
04:33and obtain land in exchange for the military services provided.
04:37The intensity of the economic, social, political and military crisis
04:41that shakes the Roman Empire
04:43gives rise to especially dramatic testimonies among the popular classes.
04:55They are going to look for the humanity of the Romans among the barbarians,
04:59because they cannot bear to see that the barbarians
05:03have no humanity.
05:05There is only one common desire among the Romans,
05:08never to be forced to return under the Roman law.
05:12There is only one common exclamation to all the Roman crowd,
05:16to continue living with the barbarians.
05:28The last ruler of the unified Roman Empire is Emperor Theodosius.
05:32He is due the declaration of Christianity as an official religion.
05:38At his death, he divides the Roman Empire among his sons,
05:41East for Arcadia and West for Honorium.
05:46After a series of ephemeral successions and civil wars,
05:49the Empire of the West is extinguished in 476.
06:03The Visigoths arrive in Hispania as federates of Rome
06:06and fight as their allies to expel the peoples of the Alans and Vandals.
06:15A movement of people in search of agriculture.
06:19This is a good definition of what the league of these peoples is.
06:23They do not destroy anything.
06:25They are going to settle in a territory
06:27to which they are accustomed in some way,
06:29which they know more or less to subsist.
06:32And they do this through pacts with the Romans.
06:35Pacts in which they are part of troops,
06:38fundamentally, of armies that help the Romans
06:42in their defense of the imperial borders.
06:45It is not only to belong to the Roman army,
06:48but also to give them land.
06:50That is, establish yourself here so that you can sustain yourself,
06:53so that you can have a stable life,
06:57in exchange, you help me in the war against my enemies,
07:00which can be other barbaric peoples.
07:02In number, the Visigoths represent a very small portion
07:05of the total of inhabitants of Hispania.
07:08It is estimated that the Germans who cross the Pyrenees
07:11are 2% of the 4 or 5 million Hispano-Romans
07:14who live in the peninsula.
07:19With the passage of time,
07:21the relationship between Hispano-Romans and Visigoths is changing.
07:24Tarragona represents the last delivery of power
07:27from the Romans to the barbarians
07:29and the beginning of the disintegration of the empire in Hispania.
07:32The city surrenders to the Visigoths,
07:34putting an end to almost 700 years of Roman presence in the peninsula.
07:45Eurico becomes the first king of an independent Visigoth territory,
07:49which, with capital in Tolosa,
07:51covers the south of Gaul and part of Hispania.
07:58The Visigoths clash with the push of the Franks,
08:01another Germanic people that has settled north of Gaul
08:04and that wants to extend its dominion
08:06to the fertile provinces of the south.
08:11In the Battle of Bouaillé, the Franks crush the Visigoths.
08:14This defeat puts an end to the Visigoth kingdom of Tolosa.
08:17In this way, the Visigoths move to Hispania
08:20and reach the south of the Iberian Peninsula.
08:23However, the cities of this area prefer to maintain their links
08:27with the Mediterranean world
08:29and, decades later, will rise against the Visigoth power
08:32to temporarily integrate into the Byzantine Empire.
08:42The Visigoths are the most Romanized people among the Germans.
08:46Over time, they adopt a social organization very similar to the Roman one.
08:50A good example of this is the Basilica of Carranque,
08:53built by the Visigoths on the Roman ruins.
09:06I always remember a famous poem by Gavafis,
09:09the great Poet Alejandrino,
09:11who said that the Romans were waiting for the barbarians
09:14and, in the end, the barbarians never arrived, because there were no barbarians.
09:18To the point that we can interpret this
09:21as if the barbarians had become Romanized in such a way.
09:25They had lived with Rome in such a way for so long
09:28that when they arrived in the Iberian Peninsula, they were no longer barbarians.
09:32This is a concept from the 19th century,
09:35a cultural concept that denigrates these people who come to settle.
09:44The concept of estirpe is of special importance among them.
09:47Coming from a good family means prestige and power.
09:51Their main occupation is to wage war,
09:54and to defend the interests of their estirpe, they surround themselves with military sects.
10:01At the other end of society are the most humble.
10:04The fate of the slaves is at the mercy of their masters,
10:07and the poor are sold for hunger.
10:10The sale of children is at the order of the day,
10:12and free people with little power also end up becoming slaves.
10:17The Visigothic laws control this hierarchy.
10:24The slaves continue to exist.
10:26And, attention, an interesting thing.
10:28Christianity did nothing to prevent slavery.
10:31I even think that it is Saint Paul himself who accepts it,
10:34and even finds it perfectly normal.
10:37The entire ancient economy is based on slavery,
10:40and so is the Visigothic slave.
10:42In a way, let's say that this slave becomes a colonel,
10:48when he is assigned to the land,
10:51in such a way that he is a man who, for the work he does, receives protection.
10:59The food of the Visigoths is based on the work of the land and livestock.
11:03Cereals, vegetables, fruit and oil, typical of the Roman diet,
11:07the consumption of meat and milk, which comes from the German tradition, is added.
11:14The Visigoths use the Roman tunic as a basic garment of their dress.
11:18The cape is fastened with a zibula to a linen shirt.
11:23Women adorn their dress with jewels.
11:25Both adjust the garments with a belt that carries a buckle of great beauty.
11:31The dress has an essential importance,
11:34because it distinguishes the range of people.
11:36Not everyone wore the same dress,
11:38not everyone wore those zibulas that we find in the tombs sometimes,
11:41but we can establish, according to the objects or the material culture that we find,
11:47we can establish the social classification of the people who are buried in the cemeteries.
11:53Men usually have long hair and clear forehead, beard and nape.
11:58The length of the hair obeys a sign of distinction,
12:01which indicates strength, bravery and virility.
12:05To be a king is an indispensable condition to have long hair.
12:11That is why they are called in literature the kings of long hair.
12:15One of the great punishments that can be given to an individual who has wanted to be king or a king
12:21is that of baldness, that is, to cut his hair completely, leave it bald.
12:27It is practically like denying him all his strength, all his ability.
12:31With the Visigoths, the role of the woman improves considerably.
12:35Its independence is much greater than in Roman times.
12:38However, in the aristocratic classes,
12:41they are considered instruments of diplomacy to close agreements between powerful people.
12:45In the 6th century, the peninsula was divided into various political and territorial areas,
12:50but the Visigoths ended up imposing themselves.
12:55Atanagildo is the first king to use cedar, mantle and crown.
12:59His most important decision is to establish the capital of the Visigothic kingdom,
13:04which would later become the capital of the Visigothic kingdom.
13:08The figure of Leobigildo is also key.
13:11He undertakes a series of military campaigns with great success.
13:15His troops end up with the kingdom of the Suevis in the northwest
13:19and with the Byzantine province of the south and the Levant.
13:22Under his command, the peninsula regains the territorial unity
13:26that it had reached in the 6th century.
13:29The Visigoths, however, do not give up.
13:33Under his command, the peninsula regains the territorial unity
13:37that it had reached in the times of Rome.
13:40His political decisions help to strengthen the monarchical institution.
13:45Of the Byzantines, he adapts a ceremonial that includes the use,
13:49for the first time, of a royal throne to give relevance to the image of the king.
13:54He imitates the imperial court of Rome when presenting himself as emperor
13:58and he is the only one who wears purple, a color reserved for the sovereigns.
14:05Under his reign, he beautifies the cities
14:07and a new type of currency is coined with his name,
14:10a policy that is decisive for the image and the affirmation of the Toledan kingdom.
14:16From Leobigildo, Goths and Hispano-Romans mix their blood
14:20through previously forbidden mixed marriages.
14:24While the Hispano-Romans confess Catholicism,
14:28the Visigoths practice Aryan Christianity.
14:32All attempts to convert the Hispano-Romans to Aryanism fail,
14:36until Recaredo, king Visigoth, becomes the Church of Rome.
14:41From this moment on, Aryanism disappears
14:44and Catholicism is established as an official religion.
14:53Recaredo takes control and manages the ecclesiastical resources
14:57while he personally appoints the bishops.
15:00This privilege will remain as a right of presentation until the 19th century.
15:11The monarchy and the bishops
15:13fight to overcome paganism and the divinatory arts
15:16in which the peasants still believe.
15:24Those who make the grass fall on the vineyards and the crops,
15:28and those who talk to the demons,
15:30and those who change the will of men and women,
15:33and those who hide to make circles,
15:36and those who offer sacrifices to the demons,
15:39may all of them, if they are arrested, receive 200 lashes
15:43and be torn and marked very ugly on the forehead,
15:46and be shown like this in ten towns around the city,
15:50so that people are frightened by the punishment.
16:01This same religious desire to establish Catholicism
16:04causes only a few Jewish communities scattered throughout the territory.
16:12Progressively, the Visigoths will develop a fierce anti-Semitic legislation.
16:17They prohibit mixed marriages and the right to meet,
16:20measures that are the germ of the harsh persecutions
16:23that the Jews will suffer throughout the Middle Ages.
16:30The general directors of the kingdom
16:32decide in periodic meetings
16:34known as the Toledo Councils.
16:42These assemblies are always convened by the king,
16:45who presides over them.
16:47However, in them is shown the power of the Church,
16:50since political issues remain in the hands of the bishops,
16:53and the monarch is subject to the decision
16:56taken by the ecclesiastical body.
17:05After achieving political and religious unity,
17:08Recessvinto establishes the legal unit
17:11by promulgating the Liber Judiciorum,
17:13the Book of Judges.
17:19Inspired by Roman law,
17:21it removes the distinctions between citizens
17:24and applies the law equally to all.
17:26The code is divided into 12 books
17:28that deal with the legislative aspects of the kingdom.
17:44San Isidoro de Sevilla
17:46is the main representative of the culture
17:48in the Visigothic period.
17:50Together with his brother Leandro,
17:52he fights Arianism and promotes the conversion
17:54of the Visigoths to Catholicism.
17:58He writes in Latin works of theology,
18:00philosophy and history.
18:02His greatest contribution to culture
18:04are the 20 volumes of his etymologies,
18:06in which he explains the origin of the words.
18:09His work also highlights the advance of Spain,
18:12which will have a great influence later.
18:16Isidoro, in the 6th century,
18:18writes this praise of Spain,
18:21based on texts by Plinio
18:23and on texts by previous authors.
18:25In this sense, we can say
18:27that he is the one who begins to create
18:29the awareness that this geographical unit
18:32can have common elements
18:34that are called Spain.
18:36Now, what happened with Isidoro's work?
18:40The medieval authors,
18:42and above all the historians of the 19th century,
18:45have collected this tradition of Isidoro
18:47and have marked it as the moment
18:49of the beginning of unity
18:51and the creation of Spain.
18:53But I think that has been to distort
18:55the reality of the facts and the texts,
18:57which must be understood
18:59in the context in which they were written.
19:05Visigothic art uses a repertoire
19:07of techniques and common motifs
19:09of the Romanesque style,
19:11which has its own character.
19:13It presents a great creative originality
19:15and gives exceptional samples
19:17in architecture and orphanage.
19:19As buildings, the basilicas with apses
19:21and the ships separated by rows of columns
19:23stand out.
19:27The most characteristic architectural work
19:29of the Visigothic era
19:31is the church of San Juan de Baños,
19:33built in the vicinity of Palencia.
19:36To guarantee the proximity to the Holy,
19:38kings and powerful build churches
19:40within their domains,
19:42in which they live hermit monks.
19:47The basilicas of San Pedro de la Nave in Zamora
19:49and Quintanilla de las Viñas in Burgos
19:51are two other examples
19:53that show the Visigothic architectural expression.
20:01Taken from the classical world,
20:03the ornamental decoration is geometric and digital.
20:05The clusters of grapes,
20:07leaves and flowers have a clear Christian symbolism
20:09that alludes to the Eucharist.
20:19The Visigoths stand out
20:21for an intense work of orphanage
20:23of clear oriental influence.
20:25They work very well gold and precious stones.
20:27They create fibulas, crosses, brooches
20:29and belts with which they hold their power.
20:31Some pieces,
20:33such as the votive crowns of Suintila and Recesvinto,
20:35are of great symbolic value
20:37and are made of gold
20:39and with encrusted stones.
20:41The purpose of these pieces
20:43is to crown the altars of the churches.
20:51The cities are maintained as administrative,
20:53political and religious centers of the kingdom.
20:55Buildings of previous eras are reused
20:57and other new ones are built
20:59following the tradition of the Low Empire.
21:03In the countryside,
21:05houses are built of wood, adobe and stones,
21:07covering the roof with straw.
21:09Inside,
21:11people and animals live together.
21:13Near these houses
21:15are the orchards,
21:17where they grow fruits, legumes and vegetables.
21:25During the 7th century,
21:27specialized workshops flourished
21:29in the work of metal,
21:31located mainly in Toledo.
21:35Today, the tradition of the Visigoth swordsmen
21:37continues with a technique
21:39that reaches its perfection in the Renaissance.
21:43The process of making swords
21:45goes through three phases.
21:47The swordsmen begin their work with the forge.
21:49With a hammer,
21:51the incandescent steel rod is molded.
21:53The secret to ensure that the swords
21:55do not break
21:57is to insert an iron sheet
21:59inside that reinforces the body of the weapon.
22:03Once the shape is obtained,
22:05it is immersed in an oil tank.
22:07It is the phase of the temple
22:09that serves to tighten and loosen
22:11the layers that make up the sword.
22:19The last phase
22:21is that of the revenue,
22:23in which the tensions
22:25that can be created between both layers are equalized.
22:29The Visigoth swords
22:31anticipate the fame
22:33that the steelers of Toledo will achieve later.
22:47The power of the Visigoth kings
22:49is of personal nature
22:51and is based on the success of wars.
22:53The most distinguished nobles
22:55elect the successor of the throne
22:57among their equals.
23:01The Visigoths create a ceremony
23:03that grants the new sovereign
23:05the necessary authority in command.
23:07A different ceremony takes place
23:09that has a lot to do with the Bible
23:11and specifically
23:13with a passage
23:15of the life of King David.
23:17What the Catholic Christian tradition
23:19of the Visigoths does
23:21is to take that biblical element
23:23to give the king
23:25the unction.
23:27Because the way
23:29to declare a king
23:31is not to put the crown on his head,
23:33but we have seen
23:35the holy unction with the oil
23:37that determines him as king.
23:39What does this mean?
23:41This means that the king
23:43is not really chosen by the soldiers,
23:45he is not chosen by society,
23:47but in a certain way
23:49he is chosen by the ecclesiastical authority.
23:53The elective monarchy
23:55encourages all kinds of ambitions and intrigues.
23:57More than half of the 35 monarchs
23:59of the famous list of the Godot kings
24:01die murdered or are overthrown.
24:05With the death of each king
24:07fights break out
24:09between rival factions.
24:11A subsequent dispute
24:13is the cause of the fall
24:15of the Visigoth monarchy
24:17at the beginning of the 8th century.
24:19In 710,
24:21Rodrigo is crowned king of the Visigoths
24:23with the opposition
24:25of an important sector of the nobility.
24:27This causes a situation
24:29of serious political instability.
24:31To this must be added
24:33the wear and tear of a society
24:35agglutinated around the personality
24:37of a king and a profound
24:39economic and social crisis.
24:41In the Kingdom of Toledo.
24:43The hosts of Don Rodrigo
24:45fainted and fled
24:47when in the 8th battle
24:49his enemies won.
24:51Rodrigo leaves his shops
24:53and left the king.
24:55Only the unfortunate
24:57who does not have company goes.
24:59Yesterday I was king of Spain,
25:01today I am not of a village.
25:03Yesterday villages and castles,
25:05today none possessed.
25:07Yesterday I had servants
25:09and people who served me.
25:11Today I do not have a Almena
25:13who can say that it is mine.
25:29In four years the Visigoth kingdom collapses
25:31and the Muslims become owners of the peninsula.
25:35The territories occupied by the Muslims
25:37in Visigoth Spain
25:39will be called Al-Andalus.
25:41The Muslims bring with them
25:43a new faith, Islam,
25:45a new language and another culture
25:47that will be assimilated by the conquered.
25:49As it was before,
25:51the Roman and German culture.
25:53The Visigoth era,
25:55which means the establishment
25:57of a kingdom,
25:59the rex, no longer the emperor,
26:01a reason that can
26:03use later Christian kings
26:05of the Middle Ages
26:07to identify
26:09or look for their origins,
26:11remote or close,
26:13in this unification,
26:15both religious and the kingdom
26:17of the establishment of the rex.
26:19In the Plaza de Oriente
26:21of Madrid, in front of the Royal Palace,
26:23are the statues of all the Visigoth kings.
26:25Naturally, they are invented statues.
26:27Statues that have a clothing
26:29that does not correspond at all
26:31to the Visigoth kings themselves.
26:33They all wear crowns and shields
26:35that are practically medieval or later.
26:37However, this iconography
26:39seems very significant to me
26:41because in front of the King's Palace,
26:43in this case the Palace of the Bourbons,
26:45there is a gallery
26:47of traditional link with the kings.
26:49The kings, even if they are Visigoths,
26:51it does not matter, they are the oldest,
26:53they are the first,
26:55and therefore we associate
26:57to the monarchy,
26:59the first monarchy in Spain,
27:01the Visigoth monarchy.
27:31Subtitulado por Cristina Pérez Cerezo