Les Pôles du Soleil se Déplacent : Que va-t-il Nous Arriver ?

Sympa

As-tu entendu les nouvelles à propos de la petite danse des pôles du Soleil ? Ouais, il semblerait qu'ils soient en mouvement, ça a l'air plutôt fou, non ? Alors, qu'est-ce qui se passe - sommes-nous dans le chaos cosmique ? Eh bien, les scientifiques disent que c'est totalement normal, mais cela pourrait perturber des choses comme nos satellites et nos systèmes de navigation. On dirait que même le Soleil aime nous tenir sur nos gardes !   Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00 The sun is about to turn around because its magnetic poles are inverting.

00:04 Just like the Earth, the sun has a magnetic north and a magnetic south.

00:08 However, unlike our planet, the process of inversion of the poles of the sun is more frequent and easier to predict.

00:15 The next reversal is scheduled for this year between April and August.

00:19 As apocalyptic as it may seem, you don't have to worry.

00:23 If you are about 30 years old, you have already experienced this phenomenon more than once because the sun is inverted every 11 years.

00:31 You probably didn't notice any changes at the time because this process has no major impact on terrestrial life.

00:37 But this time, things could be a little different.

00:42 On Earth, sea currents are movements that play a crucial role in influencing the climate and the weather and distributing the heat of the equator to the poles.

00:51 On the sun, these currents are more like a plasma ocean.

00:55 But they do not only transport heat, they also transport electromagnetic energy.

01:00 This happens because the sun is a huge ball of incandescent and ionized gas that continues to circulate inside its nucleus.

01:09 By fusing these hydrogen atoms to form helium, our star releases a huge amount of energy, producing these powerful electric currents.

01:18 And every time you have such currents, you have magnetic fields.

01:22 It's easier to visualize if you think back to this classic experiment with a copper wire and a nail that you probably made at school.

01:30 When an electric current passes through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around it.

01:35 So when you connect a wire to a battery and wrap it around a nail, this nail becomes magnetized.

01:41 It's similar to the way electric currents generate magnetic fields around the sun.

01:48 The whole process that generates magnetic fields in the sun is what we call a dynamo.

01:56 We can't see it directly, but we can see the effects on the surface of the sun.

02:01 When plasma and magnetic flows become unstable, they manifest in the form of solar torches.

02:07 You know, those dark areas on the surface of the sun.

02:10 We still don't know much about how this dynamo works, but scientists have understood something important after observing these solar torches over the centuries.

02:20 This process follows a certain pattern.

02:22 Every decade, it reorganizes itself.

02:26 The magnetic fields of the poles of the sun diminish until they completely disappear, then they return, but with an opposite polarity.

02:34 In the 1950s, researchers discovered that when the solar torches began to intensify, it meant that the poles were preparing for an inversion.

02:43 And in recent years, solar activity has been completely out of the ordinary.

02:47 More solar eruptions, electromagnetic radiation bursts, and more plasma ejections into space.

02:54 It's as if we were sitting in the first row of the largest pyrotechnic show in the solar system.

02:59 In fact, the sun has probably not been so animated over the last two decades.

03:04 At present, experts believe that the magnetic fields of the poles are almost synchronous and are weakening little by little, getting closer and closer to zero.

03:14 But we have not yet reached the point of inversion.

03:19 Although it may seem that the sun reverses its poles every 11 years, like a clock, the truth is that it is not so clearly defined.

03:26 This path is not without obstacles, and some aspects of the phenomenon are still very difficult to predict.

03:32 Take the last solar cycle, for example.

03:35 The northern hemisphere began its magnetic inversion as early as June 2012, but then encountered an obstacle and stagnated around the neutral point until the end of 2014.

03:45 During this time, in the southern hemisphere, things are much more fluid, and the change in polarity is happening in 2013.

03:52 This time, solar activity seems more regular. Things seem to be happening more smoothly during this cycle, with a more uniform transition of poles.

04:00 But here's the thing, this inversion process never repeats itself, and that's what makes this phenomenon so interesting to observe.

04:08 But at the same time, it is difficult to predict how this will affect us down here.

04:14 Here on Earth, we have no war to worry about these intense solar explosions, which occur at 150 million kilometers away.

04:22 But if, and we say "if", a solar storm were to hit our planet, the main threat it would pose would probably be the disruption of space communication satellites.

04:33 However, things could take a different turn during the cycle of inversion planned for 2024, because the number of satellites in orbit has exploded in recent years.

04:42 The Starlink system, for example, involves more than 4,000 of them.

04:47 All these communication satellites and other GPS could be impacted, or even destroyed, by a powerful solar storm.

04:55 Although the chances of a powerful solar storm hitting Earth are slim, it is not impossible.

05:03 In 1859, during the Carrington event, a storm occurred near a peak of solar activity,

05:09 causing overvoltages in the telegraphic lines, triggering fires and disrupting exchanges worldwide.

05:16 The Earth was silent when all these telegraphic communications were cut off.

05:21 Just imagine what a solar storm could do to our vast fleet of satellites today.

05:26 It could affect everything we depend on daily, from geolocation and space-based telecommunications to weather forecast services.

05:35 Electricity distribution on the ground could also be affected.

05:40 You can make a cross on YouTube, and even a nice one.

05:43 Because if such an event occurred today, it could put the Internet to bad use, cutting off countless people from the world.

05:50 Predictions say that if a Carrington-type event occurred today, it would result in damage worth 600 to 2,600 billion dollars.

05:59 And we are talking here only about the United States.

06:02 Fortunately for us, solar storms as intense as the Carrington event only occur once every 500 years or so.

06:09 Bad news for telecommunications satellites, but excellent news for the observers of Boreal auroras.

06:17 During the Carrington event, dazzling auroras illuminated the sky and the spectacle of the polar lights spread far beyond the usual boundaries.

06:26 These Boreal auroras were seen to the south of Cuba and Honolulu,

06:31 while australian auroras were seen to Santiago, Chile.

06:35 For many people around the world, this was their first sight of such auroras, leaving them stunned in front of these unusually bright skies.

06:43 Some then thought it was the end of the world, while others woke up unusually early,

06:48 believing that the sun had risen after hearing the birds chirping and all that light.

06:53 Today, we know that there is nothing strange about this,

06:56 given that the appearance of auroras at such latitudes is one of the expected effects of the inversion of the magnetic poles of the sun.

07:03 Typically, these iridescent phenomena are observed between 60 and 75 degrees of latitude,

07:09 but during the last inversion of the magnetic poles, in 2013, intense auroras were observed below 50 degrees.

07:18 Witnesses described these auroras as being "red blood" shooting on the skull and shining so brightly that one could read a newspaper in their own light.

07:27 It is important to study this phenomenon rather than fear it.

07:32 The inversion of the magnetic poles of the sun is actually a perfect opportunity for scientists to better understand how our star works.

07:39 And as there are still many pieces missing from the puzzle of solar dynamo,

07:43 we are still not able to understand why some cycles are more intense than others,

07:49 or to predict when an ejection of coronal mass will occur exactly.

07:53 But being able to predict them becomes more and more crucial as we venture into space.

07:59 The more people there are in orbit around the Earth, the more they are exposed to these strong solar storms.

08:04 This is why the scientific community is trying to learn more precisely when such a storm could cause damage to our spaceships and stations.

08:13 In addition, this would help meteorologists to make better predictions, not only on Earth, but also in space.

08:21 The main goal would be to make space travel safer as our interest in missions to the Moon and Mars continues to grow.

08:29 Another reason why it would be important to learn more about the inversion of the poles of the sun

08:35 is to better understand how the mysterious heart of our star works.

08:39 This could indeed help us better grasp the aspect of other stars in the universe,

08:44 and perhaps bring us closer to the answer to the ultimate question.

08:47 What are we doing here?

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