En 2025, les scientifiques s'attendent à ce que le Soleil atteigne son maximum solaire, le pic de son cycle d'activité de 11 ans. Pendant cette période, il éjectera de puissantes tempêtes solaires, qui sont des rafales d'énergie et de particules provenant du Soleil. Si une grande tempête solaire frappe la Terre, elle pourrait perturber les satellites, déranger le GPS, et même couper temporairement les réseaux électriques. Heureusement, le champ magnétique terrestre agit comme un bouclier, nous protégeant des pires effets. Cependant, les aurores boréales et australes pourraient illuminer le ciel dans des endroits où elles ne sont habituellement pas visibles. Bien que ce ne soit pas la fin du monde, les scientifiques et ingénieurs surveillent de près pour minimiser tout problème que ces tempêtes solaires pourraient causer. Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/ Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici: http://sympa-sympa.com
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00:00In September 1859, scientists observed a great solar eruption for the first time.
00:08The sun projected in space enormous amounts of radiation, energy and plasmatic matter.
00:14This disaster was considerable and devastating.
00:18But it occurred at a distance of 150 million kilometers.
00:22So it probably did not pose a major problem.
00:25Do you think? We'll see.
00:27A few hours after the detection of the eruption,
00:30telegraph lines ceased to operate throughout Europe and North America.
00:34Some of them produced sparks and caused fires.
00:38People then realized that the sun was not only a source of light and heat,
00:43but that it also represented a danger.
00:45Scientists have since given the name of the Carrington event.
00:49The good news is that this event occurred in the middle of the 19th century
00:53and that it did not cause serious problems for the planet.
00:56The bad news is that scientists predict that in 2025,
01:00the Earth will experience even more powerful solar storms caused by a coronal mass ejection.
01:05It is a giant cloud of plasma or charged gas.
01:09In one go, the sun can project billions of tons of this material into space,
01:13which then flies at very high speeds.
01:16Some of this material can reach our planet in 15 hours, the rest in a few days.
01:21On its way, the ejection captures and accelerates all the charged particles encountered,
01:26which increases its intensity and power.
01:29Finally, this irresistible energy concentrate crashes on our planet.
01:33It warms the upper layers of the atmosphere,
01:36increases its thickness and disrupts the work of satellites.
01:39They slow down at altitude losses.
01:42Our communications with satellites become unstable,
01:45GPSs are out of order, data is poorly transmitted.
01:49In addition, the gas charged by the sun penetrates our electrical networks,
01:53our transformers and our stations.
01:56This leads to massive breakdowns that compromise the operation of the entire technological chain.
02:01A powerful solar attack on several power plants
02:04can trigger a total power outage in a large city.
02:08The Internet, telephones, social services, networks, nothing works anymore.
02:13We risk no longer being in contact with each other.
02:17Many large companies go bankrupt and the planet is at risk of serious economic crises.
02:22These are huge problems, but they are not the most serious yet.
02:26Power plants supply heating and water pumping stations.
02:30Solar storms could prevent water from reaching our homes.
02:34Without liquid money, it is impossible to do shopping in stores.
02:38Of course, all this can be restored,
02:41but not before having lived a few times at the age of iron.
02:44But the worst is that a prolonged solar storm can suspend food production.
02:49For example, this year, a geomagnetic storm put GPS satellites out of service,
02:54which are connected to modern tractors, so that farmers could not work.
02:59What would happen if such storms occurred every day for a year?
03:04We would probably start to miss many items in supermarkets.
03:08Maritime navigation also depends on satellites.
03:11Thanks to them, ships calculate the latitude and longitude of their position.
03:15If the satellites are damaged, ships can get lost in the ocean.
03:19Even whales get lost during magnetic storms.
03:22Many birds orient themselves using the magnetic field during their long flights to the south.
03:27Thus, humans, like animals, can be confronted with serious problems.
03:32Solar storms heat up the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere and make the air thicker.
03:38The movement of satellites slows down because of this air resistance.
03:41They lose altitude.
03:43One of these satellites is Hubble.
03:45Yes, the telescope that provides us with all these incredible images of space.
03:48Scientists say that it will one day fail because of solar attacks.
03:53You have probably heard the information that solar activity has recently caused electromagnetic storms on Earth.
04:00But fortunately, it has not affected our lives in any way.
04:04The only problem was the headaches, hypertension and mood swings during these storms.
04:10It seems banal, but scientists cannot agree on this subject.
04:15No one knows exactly how and why magnetic storms affect our health.
04:20Yes, during storms, the atmosphere of the planet becomes less dense,
04:24and this may affect our blood pressure, just like when the weather changes.
04:29People suffering from cardiovascular problems must therefore be very careful.
04:33But the effect on our nervous system is, luckily, rather insignificant.
04:37It is possible that people who learn about the arrival of a magnetic storm,
04:41and who feel bad, are actually victims of a placebo effect.
04:45But there is also good news.
04:47All these charged solar particles interact with the atoms and molecules of the Earth's atmosphere.
04:53This interaction is at the origin of the magnificent auroras of Boreal.
04:57It is good to spend a little time away from these gadgets and to look at the sky from time to time.
05:02One of the biggest storms occurred on March 13, 1989.
05:07On March 10, the sun ejected a gigantic volume of coronal plasma.
05:12The amount of this material was equivalent to 36 times the size of the Earth.
05:16The solar cloud was flying towards us at 1,600,000 km per hour.
05:21A few days later, it crashed on the magnetic field of our planet.
05:25This collision caused a geomagnetic storm.
05:29People were able to observe some of the brightest and most beautiful auroras in history.
05:35The show took place on a large part of the planet.
05:38But after that, problems began to appear.
05:42The solar storm was so powerful that it crossed the atmosphere and reached the surface of the Earth.
05:47It first disrupted the operation of satellites, then damaged electrical networks.
05:52For example, it destroyed a transformer in a nuclear power plant in New Jersey.
05:56In Canada, power companies ceased to operate due to systems overload.
06:02As a result, about 6 million people in the northeast of this country were deprived of electricity for 9 hours.
06:09This was the biggest power outage caused by a geomagnetic storm.
06:13Of course, there were more powerful storms in the middle of the 19th century and early 20th century.
06:19But the planet did not depend so much on electrical networks at the time.
06:23Even more violent storms could occur in 2025.
06:27The question is whether we will be ready to face them.
06:31An in-depth study of solar activity can help us prepare.
06:35If we know in advance that a storm is imminent,
06:37scientists can theoretically turn off some systems and then turn them back on.
06:42If the activity of the sun increases every year, we will have to find new ways to protect ourselves.
06:48Who knows?
06:49Maybe scientists will cover all our devices and power stations with a special layer of protective material.
06:56Anyway, we have to do everything to not damage the Earth's magnetic field.
07:01Because if this shield disappears, the surface of our planet will look like Mars.
07:06But what causes these solar storms and why do they affect us so much?
07:10Imagine a well-dressed man going to bed.
07:13In the morning, his hair is messy.
07:15The magnetic fields of the sun look like his messy hair.
07:19When the sun rotates, its fields burst, get tangled, stretch and tear.
07:25And it releases huge amounts of energy into space.
07:28This is not a problem for the sun.
07:30Because all this is restored during a process called magnetic reconnection.
07:35Such emissions can cause problems on the planet of our system.
07:39When magnetic reconnection occurs, several phenomena can follow.
07:44One of them, which you have already heard about, is a coronal mass ejection.
07:49But that's not all the terrible things the sun does.
07:52There are also eruptions.
07:54Imagine an explosion of solar radiation containing electromagnetic waves,
07:58X-rays, radiation and visible and ultraviolet light.
08:03During eruptions, the sun releases a huge amount of this destructive energy.
08:08It spreads in space at the speed of light.
08:11It takes 8 minutes for this explosive wave to reach our planet.
08:15Fortunately, these eruptions cause us very little damage,
08:19because the magnetic field and the atmosphere of the Earth protect us.
08:22Strong eruptions can disrupt radio waves in the high atmosphere
08:26and affect the operation of satellites.
08:28But it does not matter.
08:30Another solar phenomenon, the storm of radiation.
08:33These are electrons and accelerated protons,
08:36which move at a speed slightly lower than that of light.
08:40Thanks to the magnetic field of the Earth,
08:42the storms of radiation do not harm our planet too much.
08:45However, they represent a danger for astronauts and satellites.
08:49These particles can penetrate human tissues and cause serious health problems.
08:54But only if you are in space or if you fly a plane in the high atmosphere.