• 2 months ago
Découvrez les dernières découvertes spatiales avec la NASA !
Plongez dans les mystères de l'univers avec notre dernière vidéo, où nous explorons l'activité récente dans l'espace, démêlons les secrets derrière les signaux radio mystérieux et discutons des découvertes astronomiques révolutionnaires. De l'énigme du Signal Wow! aux théories sur les étoiles à neutrons et les pulsars, nous couvrons tout cela avec des perspectives de la NASA et d'autres experts de renom. Que vous soyez curieux de la station spatiale, fasciné par la vie extraterrestre, ou que vous souhaitiez simplement observer les étoiles lointaines avec les télescopes les plus puissants, cette vidéo est faite pour vous ! Restez à l'écoute et continuez à lever les yeux—parce que l'univers est plus incroyable que vous ne l'aviez jamais imaginé. Animation créée par Sympa.
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Transcript
00:00In the 1970s, we received a radio signal that lasted more than a minute, and to this day, no one knows what it was or where it came from.
00:10But today, a new theory has appeared. Could the mystery finally be solved?
00:16In 1977, at 11.16 p.m., an Ohio telescope captured something very unusual in space.
00:25It was a very short radio signal, only 72 seconds long.
00:30The signal was so loud and so strange that the scientist present at the time of its reception wrote,
00:35« Wow! » to the red ink next to the measurement scale.
00:38This is why it is called the « Wow! » signal.
00:41In space, gaseous hydrogen sometimes emits radio waves, a type of electromagnetic radiation.
00:47These waves have a specific frequency, which in a way constitutes the unique signature of hydrogen gas,
00:54and which allows us to identify and study it.
00:56Knowing this, it was possible for us to determine that the frequency of the « Wow! » signal came from the same place as this gas.
01:03But that doesn't help us much, we still have no idea what it emitted.
01:07What is even stranger is that the signal only appeared once.
01:12Even if we tried very hard to catch it a second time, we never got there.
01:17And in the absence of repetition, it was impossible for us to know what it was.
01:22It was even difficult for us to determine its precise position due to its great briefness.
01:28From a certain distance, it is particularly difficult to determine the origin of radio signals.
01:34As a result, this led to several theories.
01:41The frequency of the « Wow! » signal was particular, it was not overloaded by other signals.
01:46It's like when you find a quiet place in a noisy room.
01:49When there is not a lot of interference on a given frequency,
01:52the sent signal can travel very far without being lost or distorted.
01:56And this is very interesting, because it means that this would be the ideal frequency to send messages
02:02if we wanted to communicate with extraterrestrial creatures.
02:05Could it be that we are trying to contact us?
02:08This is a real scientific possibility.
02:10Nobody knows what was the origin of the signal we are talking about.
02:14But if it came from extraterrestrials, what is certain is that they do not communicate like us.
02:20The signal did not look like a deliberate message.
02:24And it is strange that it happened only once.
02:27If it was a small green people trying to contact us, it would be strange that it only happened once.
02:33But just in case, in 2012, on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the « Wow! » signal,
02:38we decided to send a series of messages to certain stars.
02:42We used a special code so that the extraterrestrial creatures that would receive them would know that they had just been intelligent.
02:49Finally, relatively intelligent.
02:51And we used a lot of energy to make sure that the messages traveled very far.
02:59Scientists have issued many theories about the possible origin of the « Wow! » signal.
03:04But none of them is the subject of a consensus.
03:08What is certain is that it does not come from a terrestrial source.
03:12Terrestrial noises can sometimes interfere.
03:15But this signal undoubtedly came from space.
03:18There was a theory that a terrestrial signal would have bounced on space debris before coming back to us.
03:25But we quickly understood that such a thing was very unlikely.
03:29Another idea is that the signal would have been caused by a sentiment similar to that of the stars.
03:34But even if it was true, it did not exclude the possibility that the signal was produced by something artificial.
03:40According to another hypothesis, the signal could come from a rotating object, like a lighthouse.
03:45It is also possible that the signal has changed frequency over time, or simply that it has only been emitted once.
03:54It has now been almost 50 years since this strange signal was captured.
03:58But recently, a new idea about its origin has emerged.
04:01Imagine a comet passing through space and leaving a trail of gas behind it.
04:06This gas could be the key to this mysterious radio signal that attracted the attention of astronomers around the world.
04:12An astronomer who examined the « Wow! » signal thought it could be linked to a comet called 276P Christensen.
04:20Yes, not bad as a name.
04:22This comet is about 1,800 light-years away from us.
04:25It was not known in 1977 when the signal was detected.
04:29But it could now provide us with an explanation.
04:32Comets can emit radio waves when they approach the sun.
04:36It is as if the gases surrounding them were beginning to overflow with energy.
04:40This overflow could be the origin of the « Wow! » signal.
04:43To verify this theory, we used a radio telescope to listen to the radio waves emitted by other comets.
04:50And we found that some comets were actually emitting radio waves at the same frequency as the « Wow! » signal.
04:56Then, we pointed our telescopes at a particular comet passing through the same part of the sky as the one where the « Wow! » signal was detected.
05:04The radio waves of the comet corresponded to our signals.
05:07And even if the comet was not exactly at the same place as the signal,
05:11it was close enough for us to feel like we were on a track.
05:16The signal could also have been caused by hydrogen clouds from two comets.
05:21The one we mentioned, and another, called P2008 IR2.
05:27But who chooses these names?
05:32But not everyone is convinced by this idea.
05:35Some say that the theory of the two comets at the origin of the signal does not hold up.
05:40Because comets generally do not emit radio waves in the required way to explain the « Wow! » signal.
05:47In addition, the signal did not repeat itself.
05:49It only occurred once, which would be strange if it were really a comet.
05:54Indeed, comets spread their gases over a long distance.
05:58The signal would therefore have to last longer.
06:00The telescope used to detect it should have caught it twice in a short time.
06:04But that's not what happened.
06:06In addition, the comet would not have left the telescope's field of vision so quickly.
06:11In short, we have to learn more about the way comets emit radio waves,
06:16and the reasons why they do so,
06:19especially when it's on the same frequency as the « Wow! » signal.
06:26There are many mysterious and interesting signals in space.
06:30Most of them come from natural events, such as fast-radio surges.
06:35These energy bubbles are incredibly powerful and occur everywhere in the sky.
06:40But their origin is not yet very clear.
06:43They only last a fraction of a second.
06:45But maybe our telescopes only capture a small part of it.
06:49There is also this strange signal that we have been receiving for a while now.
06:53This signal is repeated every 22 minutes.
06:56But despite our efforts, we are unable to determine its origin.
07:00It started in 1988, and we have been investigating this mystery for 36 years.
07:06At least, today we know the distance from the mysterious object that sends the signals.
07:11It is 15,000 light-years away.
07:18Some people think that these signals could come from extraterrestrial beings
07:22who try to communicate with us.
07:24However, in the absence of solid evidence, we cannot affirm it with certainty.
07:28It remains in the hands of speculation.
07:31Another explanation is the theory of pulsars.
07:34Pulsars are neutron stars that emit energy beams similar to those we observe with signals.
07:41However, the behavior of signals does not correspond perfectly to what we know of pulsars.
07:47There is also the theory of magnetars, which suggests that these signals could come from neutron stars.
07:54However, none of these theories fully explain the strange behavior of signals.
08:00Maybe this is the fact of a new phenomenon not yet discovered in the universe?
08:08Even if comets are a possibility, we still have a lot of questions about the Wow signal.
08:13We do not know what caused it, and we may never know.
08:17We do not even know if it comes from outer space or from within the solar system.
08:22Anyway, even if this signal has a natural cause, it does not mean that extraterrestrial life does not exist.
08:29The study that raised this subject also dealt with a star similar to the sun,
08:33which could well be the ideal place to look for signs of extraterrestrial technology.
08:38There are many other stars similar to our sun in space, but we have not studied them well yet.
08:45However, this opens up exciting perspectives for the research of advanced civilizations beyond Earth.

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