Salut, passionnés de l'espace ! Les scientifiques sont enthousiastes et pensent que nous pourrions trouver une vie intelligente dans l'espace d'ici les dix prochaines années. Avec toutes les nouvelles technologies et les missions qui se lancent, nous explorons plus profondément et plus intelligemment que jamais auparavant. Imaginez-vous capter des émissions extraterrestres ou découvrir des signes de vie sur des planètes lointaines ! C'est comme si nous étions au bord de la plus grande découverte de l'histoire humaine. Gardez les yeux rivés sur le ciel – la prochaine décennie pourrait être extraordinaire ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
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FunTranscript
00:00It is not improbable that we will discover life beyond Earth by 2035 and no need to travel to a distant, very distant galaxy.
00:09Our milky way is full of favorable environments.
00:13Don't get carried away, however.
00:15It will probably be microbes or chemical markers and not little green men like in Hollywood movies.
00:21Nevertheless, the discovery of traces of life would profoundly change the perception that we have of our place in the universe.
00:27NASA's Kepler Space Telescope has made an incredible discovery.
00:32Almost every star has planets, and many of them could be habitable.
00:37Tellurian planets like Earth and Mars are even more widespread in our galaxy than gas giants like Saturn and Jupiter.
00:44In addition, we already know that our galaxy is very rich in water.
00:48There is water in interstellar clouds where stars and planets form,
00:52in debris disks around other stars, in comets, absolutely everywhere.
00:57However, finding life itself remains a difficult task.
01:01Ideally, it would be necessary to land on each planet and literally check under each stone.
01:07But thanks to recent research, we can at least focus our efforts on potentially habitable worlds.
01:15The James Webb Space Telescope, an ultra-powerful device launched in 2021, is at work.
01:22It examines the atmospheres of nearby super-Earths, slightly larger rocky planets than ours,
01:29and searches for gases associated with life.
01:32Chemical compounds that can only be produced by living beings.
01:36And clues have already been found.
01:38Traces of such compounds have, for example, been detected on a planet named K2-18b.
01:44This planet is 120 light years away, which is relatively close to the spatial scale.
01:50It is located in the habitable zone, a region around the star where temperatures allow the existence of liquid water.
01:57In addition, it orbits around a red dwarf, the smallest type of star that exists.
02:02Such stars are a little less luminous than our sun.
02:06It will take about a year to verify if these traces of life are concrete.
02:10If this is the case, it would mean that life is much more widespread than we thought before.
02:16But even in the opposite case, there are 10 other planets of the type Golden Loop to study in the list.
02:22The James Webb Space Telescope is an extraordinary tool, but it has its limits.
02:27It cannot detect small planets similar to Earth because of their size.
02:31To solve this problem, NASA plans to launch another instrument, the Roman Space Telescope.
02:37It will be even more effective in detecting these types of planets and the compounds associated with life.
02:42And then, we also have the SETI project.
02:45SETI, which means Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, is in search of extraterrestrial life signs since the 1980s.
02:56The researchers of the project also believe that we will discover signs of life in the next 10 years.
03:01Recently, they launched a large-scale project called COSMIC,
03:06which uses a radio telescope network from New Mexico, which you may have already seen in the film Contact.
03:13COSMIC allows scientists to simultaneously listen to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of stellar systems.
03:21The telescopes scrutinize the sky and analyze the data in real time.
03:25If interesting signals are detected, scientists can examine them immediately, instead of waiting weeks or even months.
03:33These signals are often sudden and very brief, but COSMIC can even detect the shortest, which last only a few nanoseconds.
03:39It can also contribute to other research, such as the study of radio-rapid, mysterious and unexplained surges, or dark matter.
03:48It is the most massive and powerful tool ever created for extraterrestrial life search.
03:53But it is not enough just to listen. Why not try to contact ourselves?
03:57NASA has sent signals into space.
04:01In 2002, their Deep Space Network sent a signal to the Pioneer 10 probe.
04:07On its way, the signal encountered an obstacle, a white dwarf located 27 light-years from Earth.
04:13If a planet orbits around this star, the signal could also have reached it.
04:18And if intelligent life forms exist there, we could receive an answer by 2029.
04:24The DSN continues to send powerful transmissions into space.
04:29Over the next three centuries, these signals will cross 222 stars.
04:34Maybe one day, we will receive an answer from a distant place.
04:39But why have we not yet received an answer?
04:42The universe has about 200 billion galaxies, each with about 100 billion stars.
04:48Even if only 1% of these stars owned a planet, it would still make 200 trillion planets possible.
04:56And if the probability that these planets inhabit life is 1 in 1,000 billion, there would still be a few hundred thousand planets.
05:04So, where has everyone gone?
05:07This question is known as the Fermi paradox.
05:12A first explanation, less frightening, is that the universe could be full of life,
05:17but that this life would not be intelligent in the way we understand it.
05:21Some planets could thus be home to microbes, birds or dinosaurs of space.
05:27This is what is called the Grand Filter theory.
05:30It suggests that there would be levels that life must overcome to become intelligent.
05:35And maybe these other species have simply not yet crossed them.
05:39Think about it.
05:41Life on Earth began in the ocean, evolved to crawl on land,
05:45diversified in many forms, went through five massive extinctions, evolved again,
05:51and finally led to the appearance of human beings.
05:54We have built societies, developed health systems,
05:57and it is only at this stage that we have begun to look for other forms of life.
06:01Another theory, called the Goulet-Gaillin hypothesis of strangulation, suggests a similar idea,
06:07although it may not be so complicated for a rudimentary life to begin,
06:11it is incredibly difficult for this life to survive and thrive over long periods.
06:16Venus, for example, could have had oceans and conditions similar to those on Earth,
06:22but an uncontrolled greenhouse effect caused the evaporation of all this water, making it sterile.
06:28Mars also had liquid water on its surface in the past,
06:31and the Moon and Mercury had dense atmospheres for a short time.
06:35On the other hand, Earth has kept liquid water on its surface for almost its entire existence.
06:41It is extremely rare and remarkable that a planet maintains temperatures between 0 and 100 ° C over millions of years.
06:50It could be ill-advised to look for an intelligent life using the same technology as us,
06:55because it would have evolved in totally different conditions.
06:59This is where Drake's equation comes in.
07:02This formula allows us to calculate the potential of intelligence development on a given planet.
07:07To obtain a result, we must know several variables.
07:13How many stars exist, how many of them have planets, the probability that these planets inhabit life, and so on.
07:21Alas, we do not yet know these numbers, and the result could be insignificant.
07:27But let's assume that at least one other intelligent species exists.
07:30Why haven't we met them yet?
07:33There could be many reasons for this.
07:36Maybe they don't find us interesting enough.
07:40Or maybe the problem comes from us, and we never stop missing their signals.
07:45Or maybe we have missed the whole species.
07:48The universe is incredibly vast and ancient.
07:51It is more than 14 billion years old.
07:54If we compress the entire evolutionary history of the Earth in a 24-hour day,
07:58life begins at 4 a.m.
08:02Dinosaurs disappear at 11.40 p.m., and the first humans appear 2 minutes before midnight.
08:08In this analogy, humans have existed for only 77 seconds,
08:13and our technology capable of detecting extraterrestrial life is even more recent,
08:18less than a second.
08:20With such distances and such long periods,
08:23the chances that we exist at the same time as other intelligent species are slim.
08:28If their civilization only lasted a few millennia,
08:31we could easily miss them completely.
08:34But this does not mean that we should abandon our research.
08:37Scientists feared that the Earth's radio signals would weaken over time.
08:42But a recent study has shown that it is actually the opposite that is happening.
08:46The number of our satellites is constantly increasing,
08:48which makes our planet more detectable.
08:51By the end of the decade, we could have more than 100,000 satellites,
08:55making the Earth extremely bright in the radio spectrum.
08:58If there is an advanced species somewhere,
09:01it will easily spot us, even at great distances.
09:05Astronomers are optimistic about this,
09:08and there is a good chance that they will discover extraterrestrial creatures
09:12while you and I are still in this world.