Les scientifiques ont découvert des dizaines d'étoiles qui pourraient héberger des civilisations extraterrestres avancées, et cela enthousiasme tout le monde! Ces étoiles montrent des signaux et des motifs inhabituels qui pourraient être des indices de technologie créée par une vie intelligente. Les chercheurs ont utilisé de puissants télescopes pour repérer ces signaux étranges et les étudient maintenant pour voir s'ils pourraient vraiment provenir d'extraterrestres. Ils sont prudents cependant, car des phénomènes naturels dans l'espace peuvent parfois ressembler à de la technologie extraterrestre également. Si l'un de ces signaux s'avérait authentique, cela pourrait signifier que nous ne sommes pas seuls dans l'univers! C'est comme une grande chasse au trésor cosmique, et qui sait ce que nous pourrions découvrir! Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/ Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici: http://sympa-sympa.com
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00:00NASA is on the hunt for Dyson spheres.
00:04Indeed, it has been found that 60 stars had unusual luminous patterns,
00:09which could indicate the potential presence of an alien technology nearby.
00:15A team of researchers has developed a new method to detect advanced civilizations by searching for Dyson spheres.
00:23All life forms, whether simple microbes or humanity, need energy to survive.
00:29As species evolve, their energy needs increase.
00:33We first used fire, then coal and oil, before moving on to solar panels.
00:39Imagine now an extremely advanced civilization, having exhausted all the energy sources available on its planet.
00:46What could be the next solution? Their high star, which constitutes an almost infinite source of energy.
00:53This is where the concept of Dyson spheres comes in, proposed by physicist Freeman Dyson in the 1960s.
01:00This concept envisages the construction, in theory, of a gigantic structure around a star in order to capture its energy,
01:08like a huge solar panel.
01:10Such a technology could allow advanced civilizations to meet the energy needs of their planet,
01:17and even feed interstellar travel.
01:21At present, such a project remains out of reach for humanity.
01:25However, it is conceivable that another civilization in the universe has already succeeded in realizing it.
01:33Scientists have collected a considerable amount of data from star surveys,
01:38analyzing more than 5 million objects to identify some potential candidates.
01:43But it goes without saying that extraterrestrial civilizations could use radically different technologies.
01:49Thus, instead of looking for huge structures around stars, astronomers focus on the search for technosignatures.
01:57These clues are unusual phenomena likely to indicate a technological activity
02:02that cannot be attributed to known natural sources, such as galaxies or nebulae.
02:08For example, a structure like a Dyson sphere could emit an atypical infrared radiation
02:14due to the considerable heat it would release by absorbing the energy of a star.
02:19Among the millions of objects studied, 368 were considered potential candidates,
02:24and a more strict filtering allowed only 7 to be preserved, which could correspond to Dyson spheres.
02:31Usually, such unusual infrared radiation results from violent events in space,
02:37such as planetary collisions, which scatter dust and fusion splinters while producing irregular luminous patterns called debris disks.
02:46Researchers estimate that these 7 objects could be M-type stars, known as red dwarfs,
02:53which are smaller and less luminous than our sun, which is a yellow dwarf.
02:58Stars of this type generally do not have dust or debris in orbit around them.
03:03However, additional analyses, including an in-depth study of the light emitted, are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
03:12Another study identified 53 stars with an excess of similar infrared radiation, which must also be closely examined.
03:20Scientists consider using sophisticated instruments, such as the James Webb Space Telescope,
03:26to analyze in detail all of these candidates.
03:30A particularly famous candidate is the star of Tabby.
03:33Scientists have even given it a comical nickname, inspired by the title of the article dedicated to it.
03:39Where's the flux?
03:41It's up to you to imagine the acronym.
03:43This star is a little warmer and more massive than our sun.
03:47It has retained NASA's attention due to its unusual and irregular luminosity variations.
03:54Indeed, instead of shining in a stable way, it seems to blink, like a flashlight that would be turned on and off cycle after cycle.
04:02At first glance, one might think that this is due to the passage of a large planet or a comet in front of the star.
04:08However, the drops in luminosity reach up to 22%.
04:12No planet would be able to mask a quarter of the light of a star, hence the intriguing nature of the phenomenon.
04:20Another hypothesis advances the idea of a Dyson sphere, or a similar megastructure.
04:25Some have also suggested that these variations could be due to fragments of a disintegrated exolune orbiting the star.
04:32Although other stars present comparable phenomena, no tangible evidence can confirm these theories.
04:39For now, scientists remain in uncertainty.
04:43Astronomers are therefore in search of any gigantic structure likely to exist.
04:48The forms that a Dyson sphere could take are multiple.
04:52Rings, bubbles, satellites, gigantic shells, and many more.
04:57A Dyson shell, for example, would consist of a rigid envelope completely surrounding the star.
05:03This option represents the most extreme and also the most complex solution to realize.
05:08If an advanced civilization had actually built such a structure, it would completely block the light of the star, making it invisible to our eyes.
05:18The inner surface of this shell could be arranged in habitats,
05:22and gravity could be simulated by rotating the entire structure around the star.
05:27A Dyson sphere, on the other hand, would be the most accessible option.
05:31A network of satellites and habitats collecting energy in orbit around the star.
05:36This environment could be the most pleasant,
05:39the inhabitants living in a set of space stations or small houses scattered within the sphere.
05:45Each habitat would have its own subsistence system, with air, artificial gravity, and the necessary infrastructures.
05:53It would also be possible to grow crops there.
05:56And the view would be spectacular.
05:58A sky always bright, constelled by other habitats visible through the immensity.
06:03With the energy almost unlimited of a star available,
06:06we could accelerate our development, produce huge amounts of material,
06:10and even terraform planets of the stellar system.
06:13But the construction and maintenance of a Dyson sphere
06:16would require cutting-edge robotics technologies and colossal financial resources.
06:21Such a project would take centuries, even millennia, before being realized.
06:26Megastructures are not the only paths explored by scientists in their quest for extraterrestrial life.
06:32Planets are also carefully scrutinized.
06:36To be considered as potential habitats, planets must have certain characteristics.
06:42In particular, the presence of liquid water,
06:44as well as a source of energy capable of triggering the necessary reactions
06:48to the formation of the constitutive elements of life.
06:51It turns out that these conditions are not particularly rare.
06:55Our research suggests that there could be more than 60 billion potentially habitable planets,
07:00just within the Milky Way.
07:03However, we are not able to observe them directly or send missions there.
07:07So we have to use stratagems,
07:10such as detecting the presence of water and certain gases conducive to life in their atmosphere.
07:14Recently, the James Webb Space Telescope
07:17has detected clues suggesting the presence of life on a planet called K2-18b,
07:23relatively close, about 120 light-years from Earth.
07:27This planet is nine times larger than ours and has clouds of liquid water,
07:31although its atmosphere is different,
07:33with gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and dimethyl sulfide.
07:38A form of life requiring oxygen would have trouble prospering there,
07:42but on Earth, this sulfur is mainly produced by living organisms such as phytoplankton.
07:47Scientists have also discovered that planets with unusual and wavy orbits
07:53could reveal the presence of advanced extraterrestrial civilizations.
07:57In our solar system, each planet follows its own orbital path,
08:02but the universe is full of surprises.
08:04According to the models, there could be planets sharing the same orbit,
08:08provided that they are arranged uniformly around the star,
08:12which would limit their mutual gravitational influence.
08:15There is also what is called the iron-horse configuration,
08:20where planets accelerate and slow down from each other,
08:24adopting sinuous trajectories.
08:26These iron-horse systems could accommodate up to 24 planets.
08:31However, this type of configuration, although theoretically possible,
08:36remains very unlikely without a form of intervention.
08:39Normally, gravity would destabilize such systems in a blink of an eye.
08:44Thus, the discovery of a stellar system where 24 planets share the same orbit
08:49could suggest the involvement of an advanced civilization.
08:52It could also be that extraterrestrial civilizations are trying to contact us directly.
08:58Extraterrestrial intelligence research began in the 1960s,
09:02when astronomer Frank Drake began to capture radio signals from space.
09:07Today, this quest continues.
09:09Astronomers are still listening to parasitic radiations,
09:13these radio waves accidentally emitted into space by current activities.
09:17Recently, radio waves have been detected from Iguazet C-Tibet,
09:22a planet located only 12 light years away.
09:25This suggests the existence of an essential magnetic field
09:28to protect life from solar radiation.
09:31However, Iguazet C-Tibet is probably too close to its star to be habitable.
09:36There are many places where such a signal could come from.
09:40Indeed, there are a thousand stellar systems in our galaxy
09:44from which it is possible to observe us.
09:47All these stars benefit from a privileged view of the Earth
09:50when it passes in front of the sun,
09:52facilitating the detection of our planet by possible extraterrestrial astronomers.
09:56Thus, more than a thousand stellar systems could be watching us right now.
10:02If we study them carefully,
10:04we might one day find evidence of an intelligent life watching us back.