Le plus grand avion jamais construit a connu un sort désastreux lorsqu'il s'est écrasé, laissant le monde sous le choc. Ce gigantesque dirigeable, connu pour sa taille et son design avancé, a sombré dans un désastre flamboyant que personne n'avait vu venir. Au milieu du chaos, un acrobate à bord a en fait survécu — ce qui ressemble à quelque chose tout droit sorti d'un film ! Grâce à des réflexes incroyables et une réflexion rapide, il a réussi à échapper à l'épave alors que d'autres n'ont pas eu cette chance. Les enquêteurs ont plus tard reconstitué ce qui s'était passé, découvrant un mélange de défaillances techniques et de malchance qui ont conduit à la catastrophe. Aujourd'hui, cet accident reste l'un des événements les plus choquants et tragiques de l'histoire de l'aviation, avec la survie de l'acrobate ajoutant une tournure incroyable. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00The German aircraft carrier Hindenburg was the largest aircraft ever built,
00:05whether in height, length or volume.
00:08And when we talk about gigantism,
00:10it should be noted that it was more than three times the length of a Boeing 747
00:15and was only 24 meters shorter than the Titanic.
00:18It had 25 cabins that could accommodate two passengers each,
00:22a restaurant and a bar,
00:24and a piano, all necessary for a long journey.
00:27Initially designed to be inflated with helium,
00:30it had to, due to American restrictions,
00:32be filled with highly flammable hydrogen.
00:35Between 1936 and 1937,
00:38it made 63 flights,
00:40including transatlantic crossings
00:42to the United States and South America.
00:45On May 6, 1937, at 7.25 p.m.,
00:49as it landed in New Jersey,
00:52the Hindenburg suddenly caught fire.
00:54In a few moments, it was completely engulfed by flames
00:58and began to fall vertiginously.
01:00A few seconds later, its tail crashed violently against the ground,
01:04while a huge herb of fire sprang out of its monumental bow.
01:08The remains of the control room continued to burn for several hours.
01:12This disaster caused the death of 35 of the 97 people on board.
01:17Among the survivors was Joseph Spee,
01:19a better known acrobat by the name of Bendova,
01:22who escaped death thanks to his extraordinary agility.
01:26During its first year of transatlantic service in 1936,
01:30the Hindenburg successfully made
01:3210 crossings between Germany and the United States,
01:35as well as 7 journeys between Germany and Brazil.
01:38It began the following season in March
01:40with a new trip to Brazil.
01:42On May 3 of that same year,
01:44it left Germany to undertake
01:46the first of the 10 return flights planned between Europe and the United States.
01:50The crossing of the Atlantic was carried out without major incidents,
01:53except for violent winds that slowed its progression.
01:56On board, only 36 passengers were present
01:59out of the 70 that the control room could accommodate,
02:02accompanied by 60 and a crew member.
02:05The control room was already accused of being late
02:07when it flew over Boston on the morning of May 6.
02:09It had to land in Lakehurst, in New Jersey.
02:12But the weather conditions caused new complications.
02:15Informed of the presence of thunderstorms,
02:17Captain Max Prusse opted for a detour above Manhattan.
02:20The immense snowstorm provoked the amazement of the New Yorkers,
02:23who rushed to admire it in the sky.
02:26At 6.22 p.m., the storms had dissipated
02:29and the Hindenburg returned to Lakehurst
02:32to proceed with the landing.
02:34However, with nearly 12 hours of delay,
02:36there was not enough time left to prepare the control room
02:39for its next trip to Europe.
02:42As a result,
02:43no curious embarkation was allowed during its stopover.
02:46Around 7 p.m., the aircraft was flying at 200 meters altitude
02:51and was about to perform a particular type of landing,
02:54called a flying mooring.
02:56This process consisted of releasing ropes from a great height
02:59in order to be gradually brought to the ground.
03:02If it required less personnel for the maneuver,
03:05it was, on the other hand, longer than a conventional landing.
03:08A few minutes later,
03:10a sudden change of wind forced the captain
03:12to correct the trajectory of the aircraft,
03:14which, however, struggled to find a perfect balance.
03:17At 7.21 p.m.,
03:19the Hindenburg reached an altitude of about 90 meters
03:22when the crew released the ropes in view of the landing.
03:26As the team on the ground seized it,
03:28a thin rain began to fall.
03:31Shortly after,
03:32some observers noticed strange undulations
03:34on the surface of the control envelope,
03:37as if the gas was escaping from its structure.
03:39Others reported the appearance of a bluish glow,
03:42possibly due to static electricity
03:44or to a rare phenomenon known as St Helm's fire.
03:47A few moments later,
03:49flames suddenly appeared at the top of the aircraft,
03:52near its rear section.
03:54Inside, a weak detonation was heard
03:57and the passengers in the front felt a shake.
04:00The officers first thought it was the break of a cable,
04:03but it soon became clear that a much more serious event was underway.
04:08The Hindenburg caught fire
04:10and the fire spread at lightning speed.
04:13Quickly, the rear part of the control envelope collapsed.
04:16Two tanks,
04:17probably containing water or fuel,
04:20exploded and were thrown out of the structure.
04:23While the rear was dislodging,
04:25the front bent violently.
04:27The scene was captured by the cameras of the journalists present,
04:30but no recording allowed to determine with certainty
04:33the moment when the fire broke out.
04:35Joseph Spee was one of the survivors of the accident,
04:38a professional acrobat and comedian from Vaudeville.
04:41His family, originally from Strasbourg,
04:43had emigrated to Long Island when he was a child.
04:46When the disaster occurred,
04:48he was sitting in the restaurant lounge on board.
04:51Realizing that he had not a second to lose,
04:53he broke the window with his camera,
04:55which he held ready to immortalize the landing.
04:58He then bent over the opening
05:00and clung firmly to the edge.
05:02Once the control envelope was close enough to the ground,
05:05about 6 meters,
05:06he released his grip and jumped.
05:08Thanks to his experience,
05:10he knew how to cushion his fall by keeping his feet under him.
05:13Although he was injured in the ankle,
05:15he survived the flames and the fall.
05:18He began to crawl to get away from the fire
05:20until a sailor hoisted him on his shoulder
05:22and took him to a safe place
05:24where his family was waiting for him.
05:27Subsequently,
05:28some members of the Hindenburg crew
05:30accused Joseph Spey of sabotage.
05:32They had noticed
05:34that he went alone to the back of the control envelope
05:36several times to feed his dog,
05:38Ula, despite the prohibitions.
05:40He had even been reprimanded on this subject
05:42by the chief inspector.
05:44The place where the animal was confined
05:46was near the origin point of the fire.
05:48From then on,
05:49some assumed that Spey
05:51could have taken advantage of his visits
05:53to hide an explosive device there.
05:55In addition,
05:56several stewards reported
05:58that they had seen him fuming
06:00against the delay of landing.
06:02However,
06:03having been separated from his family for months,
06:05he was probably eager to go home.
06:07When he learned of the suspicions
06:09weighing on him,
06:10the acrobat was so stunned
06:12that he almost fell off the ladder
06:14on which he had climbed to clean his bones.
06:16In the end,
06:17no evidence allowed to detail
06:19his involvement in the disaster.
06:21His family doctor then advised him
06:23to put on ice skates
06:25to recover his strength more quickly.
06:27Once recovered,
06:28he began a brilliant career
06:30as an artistic skater.
06:32To this day,
06:33the exact origin of the fire
06:35and the explosion of the Hindenburg
06:37remains uncertain.
06:38The most probable hypothesis
06:39is that a discharge of atmospheric electricity
06:41ignited the hydrogen-filled compartments.
06:44Despite the tragedy,
06:45the Zeppelins continued their flight
06:47for some more time
06:48before being definitively abandoned.
06:50At the end of the 1930s,
06:51airplanes had become a much more secure means of transport
06:54than dirigibles.
06:56The latter,
06:57with their reduced speed,
06:58their vulnerability to bad weather
07:00and gas supply difficulties,
07:02became totally obsolete.
07:05The Hindenburg accident
07:06had a considerable impact
07:07on the future of aviation,
07:09highlighting the importance
07:10of using much less flammable materials.
07:13Researchers then developed
07:15new textiles
07:16and self-extinguishing insulating fumes.
07:19In addition,
07:20hydrogen,
07:21too dangerous,
07:22was definitively abandoned
07:23for the benefit of helium,
07:24much safer.
07:25In order to quickly master
07:26any fire departure,
07:28engineers developed
07:30fire detection
07:31and extinguishing systems.
07:33They also improved
07:34emergency exits
07:35and various safety devices,
07:37including light beacons on the ground
07:39and evacuation slides,
07:41in conformity with
07:42a new emergency protocol,
07:44the 90-second evacuation rule.
07:47This rule required
07:48that the aircraft
07:49were not designed
07:50to allow
07:51all passengers
07:52and crew
07:53to evacuate
07:54in less than a minute
07:55and a half
07:56in critical situations.
07:58In addition,
07:59from this period on,
08:00crew formation
08:01became mandatory.
08:03They had to learn
08:04the basics
08:05of fighting fire
08:07and prepare
08:08for any possible
08:09flight crisis.
08:11Finally,
08:12in 1958,
08:13the US Federal Aviation Administration
08:15was created.
08:17From then on,
08:18rigorous risk assessment procedures
08:20were put in place
08:21to ensure
08:22that the aircraft
08:23followed strict standards
08:24before being allowed
08:25to transport passengers.
08:27At the same time,
08:28the use of flight recorders,
08:30called black boxes,
08:32was generalized
08:33to facilitate
08:34the analysis of accidents
08:35and to draw
08:36the necessary lessons.
08:37Finally,
08:38the regulations
08:39on the transport
08:40of dangerous materials,
08:41such as flammable liquids
08:43and gases,
08:44were reinforced.