Plongeons dans le côté effrayant du cosmos avec des objets sérieusement inquiétants ! On parle de trucs comme les trous noirs qui gobent tout sur leur chemin - ça vous donne la chair de poule, n'est-ce pas ? Et puis il y a ces mystérieux pulsars, qui envoient des signaux effrayants depuis les profondeurs de l'espace. Oh, et n'oublions pas la matière noire et l'énergie sombre - ça ressemble à quelque chose tout droit sorti d'un film d'horreur de science-fiction ! C'est comme si l'univers avait tout un placard plein de bestioles effrayantes qui attendent d'être découvertes. Alors attachez-vous, explorateurs de l'espace, car nous sommes sur le point de faire un voyage du côté sombre du cosmos ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
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FunTranscript
00:00Are there real monsters in space around us?
00:04Well, naturally, there are no huge stars-shaped creatures flying through the universe.
00:09However, there are certain things in space that really remind us of our nightmares.
00:15The first is a region of the Eagle Nebula, also known as Messier 16, a wonder located in the Serpent Constellation.
00:25This dazzling nebula was discovered in the 17th century and owes its nickname to the visual impression it gives.
00:32If you look closely, it looks like a giant eagle flying through the universe.
00:38It is a young cluster of stars.
00:40Located very far away, at about 5,700 light-years from Earth,
00:45the Eagle Nebula extends over a large region of about 70 light-years out of 50.
00:51In comparison, our entire solar system extends only over 2 light-years long,
00:56the distance between the Sun and Pluto being only about 5 light-hours.
01:01This colossal nebula houses more than 8,000 stars.
01:05And one of them is particularly bright.
01:08It is a duo of massive stars whose moon is about 80 times heavier than our sun.
01:13And the nebula actively generates new stars.
01:18Every day, the gas and dust inside are compressed by the intense radiation
01:24and the stellar winds coming from huge stars within the cluster,
01:28which leads to the birth of new stars.
01:31And finally, at the heart of this nebula are the emblematic pillars of creation.
01:37These are huge columns of dust and gas,
01:40declined in shades of blue, red and green.
01:43They are actively used as stellar upholstery.
01:46These dark clouds slowly gather to give birth to future stars,
01:51shaping the rich and complex materials found in the universe.
01:55The pillars of creation extend over about 4 to 5 light-years,
01:59which is about twice the size of our entire solar system.
02:03The Eagle Nebula is particularly interesting for astronomers.
02:07It is an ideal place to study the birth and evolution of stars,
02:11and the beauty of this place is stunning.
02:14However, it is more fascinating than frightening.
02:17Contrary to the following monsters.
02:22The quasars.
02:23Fascinating power plants,
02:25powered by supermassive black holes at the heart of galaxies.
02:29These black holes represent millions,
02:32even billions of times the mass of our sun.
02:35The matter swirls in them, forming a brilliant disc of accretion.
02:39The gravity inside generates an intense energy through the entire luminous spectrum,
02:44making the quasars shine brilliantly.
02:47Sometimes, they can even eclipse entire galaxies.
02:50These cosmic monsters have intrigued astronomers for decades.
02:54Quasars look like normal stars,
02:57but have unequal levels of energy.
03:00Their name is the contraction of quasi-stellar astronomical radiation sources.
03:05And they shine through the entire spectrum.
03:08Radio waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays.
03:14We have been capturing their signals for many years,
03:17but we have only seen them for the first time in the 1960s.
03:21Quasars are among the oldest objects in our universe.
03:25Their burst, spanning billions of light years,
03:29helps us to learn more about them on the first days of the universe,
03:33when these monsters were still abounding.
03:35They gradually darkened over time.
03:38We can only imagine how bright they were then.
03:41One of the most emblematic quasars is called ULQG.
03:45It is not a monster, it is a huge group of 73 quasars.
03:49Together, they cover 4 billion light years and shine more than 100 milky ways.
03:54It is impossible for us to conceive such a thing.
03:57The next monster is what is called a pulsar.
04:01When a large star runs out of fuel, it explodes.
04:05What remains after that is a neutron star,
04:08which has a mass several times higher than that of our sun,
04:11but compressed in a sphere the size of a small city.
04:14They are incredibly dense.
04:16Sometimes, they decide to team up with a friend, like a companion star.
04:20If the latter shares its substance with the neutron star, things can quickly skid.
04:25This additional matter could melt the neutron star, making it even denser.
04:30In this case, it would turn into a quark star.
04:34But if this does not happen, the neutron star takes another path.
04:38This incredible density means that the protons and electrons of the star
04:43collapse on top of each other, forming a sea of neutrons,
04:47particles without electric charge.
04:49This is when what is called a pulsar is born.
04:54Pulsars are endowed with incredible electromagnetic radiation,
04:58and they have magnetic fields several billion times more powerful than that of the Earth.
05:03The party begins when this magnetized pulsar at the end starts spinning.
05:08And this is not a quiet rotation.
05:10Pulsars can rotate several hundred times per second.
05:14These are the fastest objects in the universe.
05:17As the pulsar rotates on itself, it emits powerful electromagnetic radiation beams.
05:23These act like lights, sweeping the universe at each rotation.
05:28If the Earth is on the trajectory of one of its beams,
05:32astronomers detect radiation impulses.
05:35This is where their name comes from.
05:39Here is now a body closely linked to the pulsar, a zombie star.
05:44Sometimes, even after the star has reached the end of its life to transform into a supernova,
05:49it does not disappear completely.
05:51It is possible that it remains matter.
05:53And in this case, it transforms into a kind of celestial zombie.
05:58These zombie stars often manifest themselves by pair,
06:01a star giving in to the needs of its little companion.
06:05It behaves like a vampire and feeds on the stars nearby,
06:08which it absorbs hydrogen to come back to life.
06:13When it reaches the size of a planet, it explodes again into a brilliant supernova,
06:17destroying the star it has fed on.
06:20Zombie stars are not difficult in terms of food,
06:23and they do not just devour stars.
06:26One of them is in the constellation of the Virgin,
06:28and it does not just nibble the surrounding stars.
06:31It devours the energy and matter of these planets.
06:34And just like real zombies are always looking for more food,
06:38these stars travel through galaxies.
06:41Recently, we have discovered another one in a distant galaxy.
06:45It has traveled and evolved over time,
06:48becoming progressively brighter.
06:50And this show began several million years ago,
06:53at the time of the dinosaurs.
06:55The study of these stars can help us better understand
06:58how celestial bodies work in extreme conditions.
07:02It also helps us to unravel the secrets of fundamental particles
07:05and to explore the physics of these hyper-dense stellar remains.
07:11Now that we are interested in zombies,
07:14there are also cosmic vampires.
07:16The so-called blue drifters
07:18challenge aging by pulsating the energy of their neighbors.
07:21They appear younger and bluer than their former neighbors because of this,
07:26which confuses poor astronomers about their real age.
07:29Scientists have studied 21 of these blue drifters
07:32in a set of stars 7 billion years old, located far from us.
07:36That's when they made a breakthrough.
07:39At first, they assumed they were the result of fusion or collision.
07:43But then, scientists have revealed that these cupid stars
07:47feed on neighboring stars to remain eternally young.
07:51Although this discovery explains most of the blue drifters,
07:55some remain mysterious.
07:57This means that they probably have varied origins.
08:01Researchers plan to use the Hubble Space Telescope
08:07to detect their hidden companions and learn more about them.
08:12Our last monster is a true electric leviathan.
08:16In 2011, astronomers discovered a colossal jet
08:20coming from a galaxy with the very practical name of 3C303.
08:24It is located 2 billion light years away.
08:27What made this discovery truly overwhelming
08:30was its electric current.
08:32An incredible trillion amperes.
08:35For comparison, an ordinary bulb can barely reach an ampere.
08:38This is equivalent to a thousand billion lightning.
08:41This jet, fed by a supermassive black hole in the heart of the galaxy,
08:45extends over more than 150,000 light years,
08:48exceeding the width of the Milky Way.
08:51This dimly lit galaxy, observed for the first time in the 1980s,
08:56has remained hidden for a long time.
08:58We only discovered it by capturing different wavelengths.
09:02Usually, these jets emerge from galaxies
09:04containing supermassive black holes in action.
09:07Only about 10% of visible jets emerge from matter.
09:13The secret of this little galaxy's record current
09:15lies in the hyperactivity of its black hole.
09:19It generates an intense magnetic field
09:22which gives birth to this electric leviathan.
09:26Thus, not only did we discover the most powerful electric current in the universe,
09:31but it also gave us a rare opportunity to look at one of these cosmic jets,
09:36scientists continue to perfect their equipment to study it in more detail,
09:41so that we can learn more about it.