Try This Test to See If You're Rare Among Your Friends

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Transcript

00:00:00 Now, if you don't want to sneeze, press the skin on the bridge of your nose with your

00:00:05 fingers.

00:00:06 When you do it, your brain receives an alarm signal.

00:00:09 Very quickly, it puts the brakes on all other processes, including the sneezing reflex.

00:00:15 By the way, the longest sneezing fit was recorded in 1981.

00:00:21 It lasted for 976 days!

00:00:25 During this time, a woman from the UK sneezed more than a million times!

00:00:30 The part of your brain that's responsible for vision is in the back of your head.

00:00:35 Interestingly, the right side of your brain controls the vision on the left side and vice

00:00:40 versa.

00:00:42 If you're in some loud place, for example, in a club or at a concert, close your ears

00:00:47 to better hear your friends.

00:00:50 Push the tragus, the pointed skin-covered cartilage in front of the ear canal, into

00:00:54 your ear.

00:00:55 Then, turn this ear toward your friend.

00:00:59 If you feel anxious, press your fingers into a fist with your thumb sticking out and slowly

00:01:04 blow on this finger.

00:01:07 If you can't stop hiccups, put an ice cube on your tongue.

00:01:11 Or you can close your ears with your palms and drink a glass of water through a straw

00:01:15 in one breath.

00:01:18 Pulling the tip of your tongue or raising your arms toward the ceiling can also be helpful.

00:01:24 On average, when a person snores, the sound doesn't get louder than 60 decibels.

00:01:29 That's as loud as a regular conversation.

00:01:32 But sometimes the noise levels can reach 80 decibels.

00:01:36 That's as loud as a working food blender.

00:01:40 If you want to wake up faster, hold your breath for some time.

00:01:43 When you do it, your heart starts beating more rapidly, and your body turns on the active

00:01:48 mode.

00:01:49 But don't overdo it!

00:01:50 If you wake up too abruptly, you'll put unnecessary stress on your heart.

00:01:55 If you feel moody, hold a pencil between your teeth.

00:01:59 The muscles involved in smiling will get down to work.

00:02:02 This will send special impulses to your brain, and it'll start producing endorphins.

00:02:07 In no time, your smile will become much more sincere.

00:02:13 Left-handed people tend to chew most of their food on the right side of their mouths, and

00:02:17 those who are left-handed use their left side more.

00:02:21 The smell of rosemary can help you activate your super memory.

00:02:25 Whenever you need to learn something by heart, do it while lying down in bed with a sprig

00:02:30 of rosemary nearby.

00:02:32 It'll help you memorize the info more effectively and faster.

00:02:37 If your leg has fallen asleep, shake your head.

00:02:40 In about a minute, you'll realize that your muscles have relaxed, and the pins and needles

00:02:45 sensation has passed.

00:02:48 The muscles that help your eyes focus make around 100,000 movements a day.

00:02:54 If you want to make your leg muscles move as much, you'll need to walk 50 miles.

00:03:00 Déjà vu might actually be something like a brain processing lag.

00:03:03 There's a theory claiming it might happen when your brain is moving information from

00:03:08 one part to another.

00:03:10 If there's even the tiniest delay in that process, your brain will get the same information

00:03:14 twice.

00:03:15 In this case, it'll process it as an event that happened before.

00:03:21 Out of all those people who can move their ears, only 30% can move just one ear.

00:03:27 Your mouth burns when you're snacking on pineapple because while you're eating this

00:03:31 fruit, it's eating you back.

00:03:34 Pineapple is the only known food that contains bromelain.

00:03:38 It's an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

00:03:40 Luckily, your stomach acid knows how to deal with the offending enzyme.

00:03:46 If you have a tickle in your throat, scratch your ear.

00:03:49 This stimulates a nerve, which results in a muscle spasm in your throat.

00:03:53 And in no time, the tickle is gone.

00:03:56 Surprisingly, you burn more calories when you're sleeping than when you're watching

00:04:01 TV.

00:04:02 Ask your friend to sit down on a chair and put your index finger on their forehead.

00:04:07 And tell them to stand up without using their hands.

00:04:11 They won't be able to do it.

00:04:14 Just like salamanders regrow their tails, humans might be able to regenerate cartilage.

00:04:19 That's rubber-like stuff surrounding your joints.

00:04:22 Scientists have recently discovered that cartilage could repair itself.

00:04:26 This process is likely to be the most effective at the ankle, not that effective in the knee,

00:04:32 and the least effective in the hip.

00:04:36 If you're lying in bed and suddenly experience vertigo, place one of your feet on the floor.

00:04:42 Your brain will receive the information that you're standing on something firm, and the

00:04:46 unpleasant sensation will pass.

00:04:50 Only 30% of people can flare their nostrils.

00:04:54 If someone is tapping you on the back while you're hugging, they're non-verbally asking

00:04:58 you to let go.

00:05:00 People with a single palmar crease have just one line running across their palm.

00:05:06 Such people are very rare – just 1.5% of the world's population.

00:05:11 Most people have two palmar creases.

00:05:13 Men are more likely to have a single palmar crease than women.

00:05:17 In most cases, it runs in families.

00:05:20 Your taste buds have a very short life cycle.

00:05:23 They live for no longer than 10-14 days.

00:05:28 Your lips are hundreds of times more sensitive than your fingertips.

00:05:33 Your skin wrinkles when you stay in the water for too long.

00:05:36 But it doesn't happen because it absorbs water.

00:05:39 In reality, wrinkled fingers and toes provide you with a better grip.

00:05:44 Studies have proved that sneezing is your nose's way to reset.

00:05:48 A sneeze reboots the cells that line the insides of your nose.

00:05:53 They're called cilia.

00:05:55 If a person has anosmia, which is also called smell blindness, they don't distinguish

00:06:01 and detect smells.

00:06:04 The amount of food you consume in your lifetime will weigh as much as 8 Asian elephants.

00:06:09 No wonder that people spend almost 4 years of their life eating!

00:06:14 Your skin analyzes 1 million bits of data per second.

00:06:18 Your ears and nose process 100,000 bits each.

00:06:22 And your tongue is the least productive.

00:06:24 It analyzes just 1,000 bits.

00:06:29 Multitasking is kind of impossible.

00:06:32 What we consider multitasking is actually just our brain switching between different

00:06:36 tasks really fast.

00:06:38 Unfortunately, in this case, people tend to make mistakes much more often.

00:06:42 Plus, you may need twice as much time to do a task as usual.

00:06:48 On the other hand, when you're engaged in some physical activity you've done many

00:06:51 times before, you can perform a mental task too.

00:06:55 That's why you can easily jog or take a shower and think about problems at work.

00:07:01 If you see someone constantly fixing their sleeves, they likely feel very nervous, and

00:07:07 fiddling with something is a self-soothing technique.

00:07:11 You can check how unique you are by chewing on a sprig of cilantro.

00:07:16 For some people, this herb may taste similar to soap because the plant contains a chemical

00:07:20 used in soap making.

00:07:22 But only 4-14% of the world's population have special genes that can detect it.

00:07:28 Are you one of them?

00:07:31 A grown-up person uses around 200 muscles to make just one step.

00:07:37 Your eyes never stop moving while taking in visual information.

00:07:41 Otherwise, you wouldn't be able to see the whole picture.

00:07:44 These movements go unnoticed because your brain is a great video editor.

00:07:49 It stabilizes the images and connects tons of fragments into one smooth video.

00:07:55 Your stomach gets a totally new lining every 3-4 days.

00:07:59 That's how your body prevents the stomach from digesting itself.

00:08:04 When a person lies, the temperature around their nose and in the inner corners of their

00:08:09 eyes rises.

00:08:11 This phenomenon is known as the Pinocchio effect.

00:08:16 The liver is the only human organ that can regenerate completely.

00:08:21 Even if it's a mere 25% of the original liver weight, the organ can get back to its

00:08:26 full size.

00:08:28 Synepsia is an unusual and rare ability.

00:08:32 People who have it can taste music or hear colors.

00:08:35 But only 1 in every 2,000 people has it.

00:08:39 These days, our finger and toenails grow faster than they did half a century ago.

00:08:45 It might be because people eat more proteins today.

00:08:50 You start feeling thirsty once your water loss reaches 1% of your body weight.

00:08:55 More than 5%, and you may even faint.

00:08:59 Water loss that exceeds 10% of the body weight, um, we'll just say that it doesn't end

00:09:04 well.

00:09:08 Your brain can generate more than 48 thoughts in under a minute.

00:09:12 That's almost 3,000 thoughts per hour and more than 70,000 per day!

00:09:19 Each person has around 150,000 hairs on their head.

00:09:23 On average, every strand grows about a half an inch per month.

00:09:26 If you combine the growth from each hair, it would measure the distance of 10 miles

00:09:31 per year.

00:09:33 No human being has truly black eyes.

00:09:37 Well, unless you get in a fight, but let's play nice, okay?

00:09:41 Some of us do have a lot of melanin, so the eye might appear almost pitch black.

00:09:47 But a lot depends on lighting conditions.

00:09:49 In fact, those who are believed to have black eyes just have a really dark brown eye color.

00:09:56 An eyelash is here to stay for 150 days only.

00:10:00 The world record for longest eyelash was about 3 inches.

00:10:03 You could whip yourself with that.

00:10:06 Eyelashes are also home for tiny mites.

00:10:09 The world's most common eye color is brown.

00:10:12 There are loads of different shades of brown, but the fun thing is they're actually blue

00:10:16 underneath.

00:10:18 All blue-eyed people have the same ancestor as every other blue-eyed person in the world.

00:10:24 Tears aren't just salty water.

00:10:26 They're made of lipids, which is basically oil, water, and mucus.

00:10:31 The salinity makes our tears antibacterial.

00:10:35 The coolest camera so far has 200 megapixels.

00:10:39 The human eye has 576 megapixels.

00:10:42 That's why sunsets are so much better in real life than in photos.

00:10:47 We blink about 4,200,000 times a year, at least once every 8 seconds.

00:10:53 It would be cool if we were given a cent every time we blinked.

00:10:56 We would make more than $100 per day!

00:10:59 It takes about a month for all your skin cells to renew.

00:11:03 We shed about 30,000 dead cells every 60 seconds, losing about 8 pounds of skin each year.

00:11:11 Our fingernails grow way faster than toenails.

00:11:14 Toenails grow almost 4 times slower because they accrue less damage than fingernails.

00:11:20 Even though we often stub our toes, a sudden circulation burst doesn't usually last long.

00:11:26 A human produces from half a quart to 1 liter of saliva every day, depending on the person.

00:11:33 That's enough saliva in a year to fill a bathtub.

00:11:36 No spit!

00:11:38 Saliva acts as a perfect remedy.

00:11:40 Wounds in our mouth heal way faster than everywhere else.

00:11:43 It also helps to taste food.

00:11:45 Our taste buds are ready to perceive food only when it's dissolved by saliva.

00:11:50 It may sound incredible, but our bones are stronger than they may seem.

00:11:55 A cubic inch of human bone can bear about 19,000 pounds, making it 4 times stronger

00:12:01 than concrete.

00:12:02 Wait, is that where the term "blockhead" came from?

00:12:06 The only thing that makes our blood types different is sugar.

00:12:09 AB and AB types have sugars, while O has none, making it perfect for donors.

00:12:16 No sugar doesn't make O type less sweet.

00:12:19 In fact, it attracts mosquitoes even more than other blood types.

00:12:23 People have only 8 blood types, while cows have 800 and possibly more.

00:12:28 Holy cow!

00:12:30 Usually we shed about 50 to 150 hairs a day.

00:12:34 An average lifespan of a hair is 5 years, and as soon as an old hair says goodbye to

00:12:40 your scalp, a new one starts growing immediately.

00:12:43 Human hair is stronger than the same diameter copper wire.

00:12:47 A single strand can hold up to 3.4 ounces of weight, and if used properly, a full head

00:12:53 can hold up to 18,500 pounds.

00:12:56 Our stomach is bigger than it may seem, with a capacity of nearly half a pound in extreme

00:13:01 conditions.

00:13:02 The average is around 32 ounces.

00:13:05 Food is digested within 4 to 6 hours, and it can also dissolve metal.

00:13:10 So capacity matters!

00:13:12 Lips are much more sensitive than fingers, having around a million nerve endings.

00:13:17 That makes them 100 times as sensitive as fingertips.

00:13:21 So doing the math, I'm guessing that kissing is 100 times better than holding hands.

00:13:27 Maybe?

00:13:28 Grooves and furrows make our lip print unique, just like fingerprints.

00:13:33 They also remain unchanged throughout our life.

00:13:36 Your tongue print is unique too, by the way.

00:13:39 Our belly buttons have an entire zoo in them, with a range of about 70 different bacteria.

00:13:45 Some of them can also be found in soil in Japan, and even bacteria typically found at

00:13:49 the polar ice caps.

00:13:51 Right there, your belly button!

00:13:53 Our bodies actually glow.

00:13:56 We can't see it with our regular eyesight because the light we emit is 1,000 times less

00:14:01 intense than the minimum level we can perceive.

00:14:04 So you'll have to trust me on this one.

00:14:08 Humans are the only living things on Earth that can blush.

00:14:12 It's provoked by an adrenaline rush.

00:14:14 Carmon, used in blushes and lipsticks, is a red dye made of ground-up beetles.

00:14:21 Our eyes keep growing throughout our lives.

00:14:24 They sweat too, and earwax is actually a kind of sweat they produce.

00:14:28 By the way, the nose never stops growing either.

00:14:31 Especially when you're lying.

00:14:34 The heart is the only muscle that never gets tired.

00:14:38 The aorta is massive.

00:14:40 Its diameter is almost as large as a hose in your garden.

00:14:44 We emit about 500 to 1,500 milliliters of gases every day, which is enough to fill a

00:14:50 small balloon.

00:14:51 Hey, get the neighborhood together and fill up a blimp!

00:14:55 It's worth a shot!

00:14:57 Fat helps our bodies consume vitamins.

00:15:00 Vitamins A, D, K, and E will absorb better when consumed with fat.

00:15:05 Our bodies have enough fat to produce 7 bars of soap.

00:15:10 Some parts of the brain can self-cannibalize, eating its own neurons and proteins if you

00:15:15 don't provide them with enough nutrients.

00:15:18 For example, the hypothalamus responsible for your sleep, hunger, and body temperature

00:15:23 can do so.

00:15:25 Believe it or not, you can't inhale and swallow at the same time.

00:15:29 I know, you just tried.

00:15:31 The pharynx is used as an air passage when you inhale, or as a food passage when you

00:15:35 swallow.

00:15:37 If you flatten all the wrinkles that your brain has, it would look like a pillowcase.

00:15:42 When we're awake, our brain may produce enough energy to power an electric bulb.

00:15:47 It has 10 watts of power.

00:15:50 In your body, you carry enough bacteria to fill a can.

00:15:55 Bacteria makes about 3-5 pounds of your weight, representing 2% of our total weight.

00:16:00 Still, most of them are waste products.

00:16:03 The average body temperature is a range of 97-99°F. The highest fever ever recorded

00:16:10 was a critical 115°F.

00:16:13 A pinky finger may be the smallest one, but it's the strongest one too.

00:16:18 50% of your hand strength comes from your pinky.

00:16:23 A human being has about 20,000-25,000 genes.

00:16:27 Seems impressive, right?

00:16:29 Still, cornflakes have more genes than we do.

00:16:33 X1 – human 0.

00:16:34 Luckily, it's about sophistication, not the quantity this time.

00:16:39 We consist of many chemical elements, including iron.

00:16:43 The iron in our bodies is enough to produce 3 nails, each 1 inch long.

00:16:48 The carbon in our bodies can be used for 900 pencils.

00:16:52 Our liver has a superpower of regenerating if part of it was removed.

00:16:57 It can grow back to the size that your body needs.

00:17:01 A rollercoaster actually tosses your organs around.

00:17:05 When you feel like your stomach's falling down, it's actually falling inside your

00:17:09 body.

00:17:10 Even though people have an absolute unique smell, identical twins smell almost the same.

00:17:16 It must be because they have identical genes.

00:17:20 Almost half of your taste buds will have gone away by the time you turn 60.

00:17:24 So maybe you'll finally start eating that broccoli, hmm?

00:17:28 Your sense of smell gets less acute as you get older too.

00:17:32 When you cough, you release the air at about 60 mph.

00:17:37 Our skin is the biggest organ we have.

00:17:39 It's also one of the most massive organs, weighing up to 9 pounds.

00:17:44 If we could spread out all the skin we have, it would cover about 20 square feet.

00:17:50 Hiccups is a two-step process.

00:17:52 First, you suck in a lot of air because of a muscle spasm, and then bang, the airways

00:17:57 are closed, the air is blocked, and the famous sound goes inside.

00:18:04 We don't smell when we sleep.

00:18:06 That's why it's almost impossible to notice a gas leak at night.

00:18:10 While sleeping, we can rely only on sound because sleep can be disrupted by noise.

00:18:16 Out of all the senses, smell is the most acute.

00:18:20 Except if you're sleeping.

00:18:21 We remember 65% of odors after a year, but only 50% of what we've seen over the last

00:18:28 three weeks.

00:18:29 We also get a new nose every 28 days, because the nose cells are renewed every 4 weeks.

00:18:37 As for taste, again, we mostly rely on our sense of smell since it helps us perceive

00:18:42 up to 95% of the flavor.

00:18:45 Without smell, it'd be hard to tell an apple from a turnip.

00:18:49 While a bunch of flowers may be fragrant for you, some people suffer from cacosmia.

00:18:54 They perceive all scents as something odorous.

00:18:58 We need ears not only for hearing, but for balance too.

00:19:03 Our vestibular system occupies the inner ear.

00:19:06 Canals in your inner ear contain fluid and tiny sensor hairs that help you keep your

00:19:11 balance.

00:19:12 If you have red eyes in a photo, blame it on bouncing light.

00:19:17 The flash jumps off the capillaries in your eyes, creating that effect.

00:19:21 Finally, all the bones in our body are connected to each other, except for the hyoid.

00:19:27 This bone serves as a support to your tongue, and it's one of the rarest bones to break.

00:19:35 If you get a leg cramp, pull your big toe toward yourself.

00:19:39 This will stretch your muscles and reduce the spasm.

00:19:43 People have bacteria that can produce electricity living in their intestines.

00:19:48 These bacteria give off electrons, which creates tiny electrical currents.

00:19:53 This might be the bacteria's way to generate energy.

00:19:56 Maybe turn on some lights.

00:19:57 Hey, it's dark in there!

00:20:00 By the end of their life, the average person can recall up to 150 trillion pieces of information.

00:20:08 If you brush your teeth before eating or drinking something, you might end up damaging your

00:20:12 taste buds.

00:20:13 That's because most kinds of toothpaste contain two chemicals, sodium lauryl ether

00:20:19 sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate, that decrease your ability to taste sweet things and increase

00:20:25 your ability to taste bitter food.

00:20:29 The DEC2 gene mutation allows people to have just a few hours of sleep a night and still

00:20:35 feel great.

00:20:37 They don't get tired and never sleep in.

00:20:39 Boy, where do I get one of those!

00:20:41 On average, these people wake up at 4 or 5 am.

00:20:45 Only up to 5% of the world's population has this feature.

00:20:50 Only humans can produce emotional tears.

00:20:53 Other living beings cry to lubricate their eyes.

00:20:58 Women have more taste buds on their tongues than men do.

00:21:02 It might be one of the reasons why 35% of ladies are supertasters – people who feel

00:21:08 flavors more strongly than others.

00:21:11 And only 15% of guys can boast the same ability.

00:21:15 It's hard for people to recognize someone they know if, in a photo, this person doesn't

00:21:21 have eyebrows.

00:21:22 This proves that eyebrows are more important for face recognition than eyes.

00:21:29 When clasping their hands, 50% of people put their right thumb above the left one.

00:21:34 49% of people position their left thumb over the right.

00:21:39 And only 1% of people place their thumbs next to each other.

00:21:45 Your brain contains more than 86 billion nerve cells, which are joined with one another by

00:21:50 100 trillion connections.

00:21:52 That's way more than the number of stars in our home Milky Way galaxy.

00:21:57 And if you decided to count all those numerous nerve cells, it would take you up to 3,000

00:22:03 years.

00:22:04 A tremendous waste of time.

00:22:07 Your brain's memory capacity equals 4 terabytes on a hard drive.

00:22:12 That's more than 8 million photos.

00:22:14 You're likely to keep in memory up to 10,000 different faces.

00:22:19 This number is different from person to person, but the average is 5,000.

00:22:24 It doesn't mean you can put a name to each face – it's only about recognizing the

00:22:28 features.

00:22:30 If you walked in the same direction for 12 hours a day, you would need around 800 days

00:22:36 to travel around the globe.

00:22:39 The Bajau is a group of nomadic people that live in the waters surrounding the Philippines,

00:22:44 Indonesia, and Malaysia.

00:22:46 Thanks to a rare DNA mutation, they can stay underwater for up to 13 minutes.

00:22:52 They also dive to a depth of 200 feet.

00:22:56 Blue cheese can affect your dreams, making them more vivid.

00:23:01 Your ears might pop, or even hurt, when you were on an airplane.

00:23:05 You can solve this problem by simply chewing some gum.

00:23:09 This opens up the eustachian tube, a small passage that connects your throat and your

00:23:13 middle ear.

00:23:14 Opening this passage up helps equalize the pressure in your ears and puts an end to the

00:23:19 popping.

00:23:20 You can also yawn to open up the eustachian tube.

00:23:25 Your dreams are a complex mix of your imagination, memories, and knowledge.

00:23:30 The average person has from 4 to 7 dreams every night.

00:23:33 But not all people remember them.

00:23:37 Even if fingerprints get badly damaged, they grow back with their original pattern.

00:23:42 If you have to deal with complaining customers, put a mirror behind your back.

00:23:47 When an angry person approaches you, they'll see themselves in the mirror.

00:23:51 This will prevent them from acting rudely.

00:23:53 No one likes seeing themselves this way.

00:23:57 Your feet are likely to become bigger with time.

00:24:00 When people grow older, ligaments and tendons in their feet weaken.

00:24:04 This makes the arches flatter.

00:24:06 And feet become wider and longer.

00:24:10 Only 3% of people in the world have lines that form the letters "X" on both their

00:24:15 palms.

00:24:16 In many cultures, this is believed to be a sign of a strong personality.

00:24:22 The human brain is 73% water, just like your heart.

00:24:26 That's why if your brain loses even 2% of liquid, you start feeling exhausted.

00:24:31 This also makes your memory worse, shortens your attention span, and puts a dampener on

00:24:36 your mood.

00:24:38 In most people, their height is the same as their arm span.

00:24:42 Check it out!

00:24:45 A particular gene mutation results in super dense bones that are almost impossible to

00:24:50 break.

00:24:51 They're several times tougher than the average person's bones.

00:24:54 People with this mutation also have skin that is less prone to aging.

00:25:00 You might have noticed little dots traveling in squiggly lines when you're looking at

00:25:04 a bright light or blue sky.

00:25:06 They're usually only visible for a second or two.

00:25:10 Sometimes they look like tiny worms.

00:25:11 Well, those are your white blood cells moving through the capillaries in front of the retina.

00:25:17 The light-sensitive tissue at the back of your eyes.

00:25:21 Most people don't even notice the dots unless you ask them to pay attention.

00:25:26 If someone is listening to you with their eyebrows raised, they're likely genuinely

00:25:31 interested in your story.

00:25:34 If you decided to uncoil the human DNA, the whole thing would stretch for 10 billion miles.

00:25:41 That's 40,000 times the distance between Earth and the Moon.

00:25:46 Human teeth are almost as strong as those of a shark.

00:25:50 The enamel of your teeth, that's the outer layer, is the hardest substance in your entire

00:25:54 body.

00:25:56 Your nostrils don't work with the same efficiency all the time.

00:26:00 When you breathe, one nostril does most of the work.

00:26:03 They switch every couple of hours.

00:26:07 Your right ear is more responsive to speech, and your left ear is better at perceiving

00:26:12 music.

00:26:13 Researchers think that's because it's your left hemisphere that processes speech, while

00:26:17 the right one deals with music and other creative functions.

00:26:22 Your lips look red because of a great number of tiny blood capillaries right below the

00:26:27 skin.

00:26:29 While enjoying your favorite cold food or beverage, you might suddenly get a painful

00:26:33 brain freeze.

00:26:35 This happens because the nerves at the roof of your mouth get frozen.

00:26:39 They send signals to your brain asking it to please stop eating such cold stuff.

00:26:44 But you can overcome this unpleasant sensation by pressing your tongue against the roof of

00:26:49 your mouth.

00:26:50 Do it as hard as you can – the pain will soon disappear.

00:26:55 Your lips don't sweat because there are no sweat glands there.

00:26:59 They also have no glands producing a special protective film that keeps your skin hydrated.

00:27:04 That's why your lips are so vulnerable to the sun, wind, and cold.

00:27:08 They also dry out faster than other body parts.

00:27:13 You wouldn't be able to taste food if your body didn't produce saliva.

00:27:17 Your taste buds have special receptors that recognize different flavors.

00:27:21 But without some liquid, flavors won't bind to the molecules of these receptors.

00:27:26 There are only a few cells in your body that will stay with you throughout your entire

00:27:30 life.

00:27:31 Those are the cells in the inner lens of your eye, the muscle cells of your heart, and the

00:27:37 neurons of your cerebral cortex.

00:27:39 That's a fancy word for the outer layers of your brain.

00:27:44 Millennials are people who are now between 25 and 40 years old.

00:27:48 And they tend to be more forgetful than older people.

00:27:51 The main reason for this phenomenon is higher levels of stress these folks have.

00:27:58 People with albinism have little to no melanin.

00:28:00 That's the pigment that gives color to your hair, skin, and eyes.

00:28:04 It's a rare condition.

00:28:05 In the US, only 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people is born with albinism.

00:28:11 But there's also ocular albinism, and it's even rarer.

00:28:15 Experts think only 1 in 50,000 people has ocular albinism.

00:28:21 During just one day, the blood in your body travels over 12,000 miles.

00:28:26 That's half as long as the distance around Earth.

00:28:30 Almost 25% of your body's cholesterol is in your brain.

00:28:34 This substance is crucial for your memory and learning abilities.

00:28:38 But the blood-brain barrier doesn't allow your brain cells to get cholesterol from the

00:28:42 blood.

00:28:43 That's why your brain produces its own kind of cholesterol.

00:28:47 Paradoxically, even though your teeth are a part of the skeletal system, they don't

00:28:52 count as bones.

00:28:54 It might be because they, sadly, can't regenerate.

00:28:58 But if a bone is broken, it heals on its own by producing new bone cells.

00:29:04 Your eyes can see something for a mere 13 milliseconds, and it'll be enough time for

00:29:09 your brain to process the image.

00:29:11 For comparison, the average blink lasts from 100 to 400 milliseconds.

00:29:17 Bright sunlight makes 17 to 35% of people sneeze.

00:29:22 This phenomenon is called the photic sneeze reflex.

00:29:26 Your fingers are extremely sensitive.

00:29:29 They can feel objects that are no bigger than the width of your hair.

00:29:32 If your finger was the size of Earth, you'd still feel the difference between cars and

00:29:37 houses.

00:29:40 If there is a calorie chart in a restaurant, people tend to order less healthy and more

00:29:44 high-calorie food.

00:29:46 They compare the difference between, let's say, a burger and a large serving of Caesar

00:29:50 salad and notice that it isn't that big.

00:29:54 And since the burger seems to be more filling, that's what they order.

00:29:58 But when people don't know that a big portion of salad contains almost as many calories

00:30:03 as the burger, they pick a healthier option.

00:30:08 You can't recall a memory all by itself.

00:30:11 When you're trying to think of one detail, like the color of the t-shirt your friend

00:30:14 was wearing the other week, you'll remember some other details too.

00:30:18 For example, the place where you saw him, things you were talking about.

00:30:23 The hippocampus is the part of your brain that stores memories.

00:30:27 It usually packs them together, including multiple small details.

00:30:32 On average, taste buds last 10 days, clusters of sensory cells in your tongue.

00:30:38 The buds that are closer to the surface are more short-lived.

00:30:41 That's the reason you don't have to wait for too long to be able to taste again after burning

00:30:45 your tongue.

00:30:47 One theory says deja vu is some sort of a brain processing lag.

00:30:52 Scientists think it might happen when your brain is transferring information from one

00:30:56 side to the other, and there's a split-second delay in that process.

00:31:00 That means that your brain gets the same information twice and processes it as the event that happened

00:31:05 before.

00:31:08 Only 30% of people can flare their nostrils, and one-third can bend their thumb backward.

00:31:15 Some people can produce a roaring noise in their heads.

00:31:18 All they have to do is tense their ears or jaws.

00:31:22 There's a small muscle in the ear; it dampens loud sounds, like when you're chewing.

00:31:27 But some people can flex that muscle, and that creates an audible rumble.

00:31:32 Your fingertips are sensitive, but hundreds of times less so than your lips.

00:31:38 You inhale lots of different types of debris, including 700,000 of your own skin flakes,

00:31:44 and that's only in a day.

00:31:47 A hypnic jerk is a twitch you can experience when falling asleep.

00:31:52 It's an abrupt muscle movement that comes during the non-REM sleep phase.

00:31:56 It can create an illusion of falling.

00:31:59 One of the theories is that, when you're dozing off, your brain sees the relaxing of your

00:32:03 muscles as a sign you're in trouble and really falling, so it sends signals to the muscles

00:32:08 to protect you by tensing up.

00:32:12 Synesthesia is a special and rare ability where people can taste music or hear colors.

00:32:18 Only one in every 2,000 people has it.

00:32:22 For some people, cilantro may taste similar to soap because the plant contains a chemical

00:32:26 used in soap making.

00:32:29 But only 4 to 14% of the world's population have special genes that can detect it.

00:32:35 18% of people can move both ears at the same time, while 22% can move one ear at once.

00:32:42 People who do it use weak vestigial muscles we got from the ancestor humans, who had this

00:32:47 in common with cats.

00:32:51 Bruises change their color over time.

00:32:52 A bruise appears because there's bleeding under the skin.

00:32:55 Tiny blood vessels get crushed, and some blood gets trapped in there.

00:33:00 In the beginning, a bruise is red because the blood is rich in oxygen, but then it turns

00:33:04 purple, green, yellow, or even gray when the levels of oxygen drop.

00:33:10 Sweat doesn't smell itself.

00:33:12 The unpleasant odor is caused by bacteria on your skin.

00:33:16 When sweat comes out of the pores on your body, the bacteria breaks it down into acids.

00:33:21 What most deodorants actually do is get rid of the bacteria on your skin.

00:33:26 People used to dream in black and white much more than today.

00:33:30 That's because they watched black and white TV.

00:33:33 Blue cheese is another thing that affects your dreams and makes them more vivid.

00:33:39 Eggshells might be used for growing new human bones.

00:33:42 Chicken eggshells contain calcium carbonate, which is something you also have in your bones.

00:33:48 The food on the plane is likely to taste different than on the ground.

00:33:52 That's because you lose up to 30% of your tastebud sensitivity due to the dryness and

00:33:56 pressure in the cabin.

00:33:58 It's especially true about salty and sweet foods.

00:34:02 Your nostrils don't work with the same efficiency all the time.

00:34:05 When you breathe, one nostril does most of the work, and they switch every couple of

00:34:09 hours.

00:34:11 You wouldn't be able to taste food without saliva.

00:34:14 Your taste buds have chemoreceptors that recognize different flavors, but they need some liquid

00:34:19 for those flavors to bind into their molecules.

00:34:21 Also, you can't taste things saliva doesn't dissolve.

00:34:26 The brain can't actually feel pain.

00:34:29 It does have a pain center, but it doesn't have pain receptors itself.

00:34:34 When your head hurts, you can feel it because of the nerves, tissues, and blood vessels

00:34:38 around your brain.

00:34:40 A single human hair can support 3.5 ounces of weight.

00:34:44 That's how much two candy bars weigh.

00:34:47 Toenails grow almost four times more slowly than fingernails that get more exposure and

00:34:52 are used more frequently.

00:34:55 There must be at least some photos where you have red eyes.

00:34:58 When the camera's flash goes off, your eyes aren't prepared for such an influx of light.

00:35:02 Your pupils remain dilated, which is why the light gets reflected off the red blood vessels

00:35:07 of the choroid.

00:35:08 This is a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that nourishes your retina.

00:35:13 The right lung is bigger than the left one because your body needs to make some room

00:35:16 for the heart.

00:35:19 Your teeth are the only part of your body that can heal itself.

00:35:23 The masseter is the strongest muscle you have, based on its weight.

00:35:27 Together with the rest of the raw muscles, it can close your teeth with a force of 200

00:35:31 pounds on the molars and 55 pounds on the incisors.

00:35:38 Onions produce a special chemical irritant.

00:35:40 It stimulates special glands in your eyes, causing them to release tears.

00:35:46 Your nose can memorize up to 50,000 different scents and detect more than one trillion of

00:35:50 odors.

00:35:53 We all have our unique smell, except for identical twins.

00:35:57 This smell is partly determined by genetics, but it also depends on your diet, hygiene,

00:36:02 and the environment.

00:36:04 Eating snow is not the best way to stay hydrated.

00:36:07 Your body needs too much energy to turn it into water.

00:36:10 Snow can provide a bit of hydration, but it'll also lower the temperature of your body, which

00:36:15 isn't the best scenario if you're trying to survive harsh winter conditions.

00:36:20 You burn somewhere between 100 and 200 calories per hour while standing.

00:36:25 Sitting burns 60 to 130 calories, depending on your height, weight, gender, and age.

00:36:33 Brain freeze is an annoying ice cream headache.

00:36:37 That's how your brain tells you to slow down and maybe stop eating something that's so

00:36:41 cold.

00:36:42 The main purpose of eyelashes is to shield your eyes and protect them from sand, moisture,

00:36:46 dust, and debris in the air.

00:36:48 Your eyelashes sense when something comes up too close to your eyes, like an insect

00:36:52 flying toward you.

00:36:54 And trigger your blink reflex.

00:36:57 Blinking also helps when you need to flush out some tiny particles or debris stuck in

00:37:00 your punk dot.

00:37:02 Those are small openings you have in your eyelids.

00:37:05 That's where the tears get pumped out.

00:37:08 Your eyebrows stop sweat from running directly into your eyes.

00:37:12 Your skin there, and the shape of your bones also work together to direct the sweat toward

00:37:16 the sides of your face.

00:37:18 We're not the fastest, strongest, or biggest in the animal kingdom, but we're the best

00:37:22 at long-distance running.

00:37:24 That's because we have long legs, and our bodies can lose excess heat through sweating.

00:37:29 Even long ago, our ancestors hunted animals by chasing them for long periods of time.

00:37:34 Eventually, it wore smaller creatures out.

00:37:38 Five basic senses are taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell.

00:37:43 But people have more senses than that.

00:37:46 Proprioception is when your body is aware of its parts and their position, even if you

00:37:50 don't see them.

00:37:52 Like if your arm is behind your back, you know it's there.

00:37:55 If you were an octopus, you wouldn't know it, because these creatures don't know their

00:37:58 arms exist if they can't see them.

00:38:01 Thermoception is your ability to sense temperature.

00:38:04 Equilibrioception is a sense of balance.

00:38:07 You also have gnosisception, which means you can feel pain.

00:38:11 Then there's chronoception.

00:38:12 That's how you can sense time passing by.

00:38:15 There are even more senses found in the animal kingdom.

00:38:18 Electroreception and magnetoreception.

00:38:21 But people don't have those.

00:38:24 You can't see your taste buds.

00:38:26 Those little bumps on the tongue are lingual papillae.

00:38:29 There are four kinds of them.

00:38:31 Circumvalate, foliate, fungiform, filiform.

00:38:37 They are all covered with taste buds, except for the last one, filiform.

00:38:41 This one is responsible for the sense of touch in your tongue.

00:38:45 Your pinky holds 50% of the total strength in your hand.

00:38:50 Your liver is a very important organ that works a lot and is responsible for 500 individual

00:38:56 functions.

00:38:57 Up to 10% of it is made of fat.

00:38:59 The liver can regenerate.

00:39:03 You can burn calories when you take a hot bath, as many as you would if you took a half-hour

00:39:07 walk.

00:39:09 People mostly need 7 minutes to fall asleep.

00:39:12 This time gets shorter if you've just had a large, tasty meal.

00:39:16 On average, the heart is as big as your fist.

00:39:20 It beats 115,000 times and pumps around 2,000 gallons of blood a day.

00:39:29 And stop right here.

00:39:30 Yes, look, that's me on a roller coaster.

00:39:33 Totally unemotional, as if I'm riding some kiddie ride and not the fastest roller coaster

00:39:38 in the world.

00:39:39 But let's start from the very beginning.

00:39:42 Rewind to two months ago.

00:39:44 Not again.

00:39:45 I'm late for work for the third time this week.

00:39:47 And this time, I'm absolutely getting fired.

00:39:50 Okay, I didn't really like that boring office job I had anyway.

00:39:54 You know what I love the most?

00:39:56 Roller coasters.

00:39:57 So, when I saw a job offer of a roller coaster rider, I called them immediately.

00:40:03 And my new job was to test drive all the roller coasters and amusement parks around the world.

00:40:08 The job was for 60 days, and I was gonna ride roller coasters every day for the next two

00:40:13 months.

00:40:14 Day 1.

00:40:16 I wasn't the only one getting the job.

00:40:18 Turns out, they hired different people to test the roller coasters.

00:40:21 Men and women, old and young, short and tall.

00:40:24 We were supposed to just ride, and then report how we felt.

00:40:28 The job started in New Jersey, with Kingda Ka, the tallest roller coaster in the world.

00:40:34 It's 456 feet tall, which is taller than the Statue of Liberty, and as tall as the Great

00:40:39 Pyramid of Giza.

00:40:41 Day 2.

00:40:42 We moved south, and rode the rides in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia.

00:40:47 Some of the rides weren't that fun, and I really need something more exciting.

00:40:51 I'm feeling energetic and happy, and when I go back to the hotel after a long working

00:40:56 day, I'm not tired at all.

00:40:57 I can even do some sports later in the evening.

00:41:00 Anyway, however fun roller coasters are for us, the brain, of course, sees you hanging

00:41:05 hundreds of feet above the ground, not being able to predict which way you'll be taken

00:41:09 next as a threat.

00:41:11 When you face a situation that looks dangerous, your brain releases adrenaline that gives

00:41:16 you a boost of energy to help you cope with that.

00:41:19 It also helps you handle even minor stress.

00:41:22 Just three days ago, I was pretty much overwhelmed with my life.

00:41:25 I was worried about having to look for a job and a new place to stay.

00:41:29 Now, I don't feel stressed anymore, and I ran 10 miles tonight.

00:41:33 When you ride a roller coaster, your heart rate and blood pressure increase.

00:41:37 Also, there's better blood circulation, which allows a great oxygen flow.

00:41:42 Maybe that's why I feel so good.

00:41:44 Whatever the reason is, those rides do magic to you.

00:41:48 Day 8 Today, we spent a part of the day in Six Flags,

00:41:53 the most famous theme park in Latin America.

00:41:55 My favorite ride there was Superman el Ultimo Escape.

00:42:00 The ride reaches the speed of 75 miles per hour and has two 360-degree helices.

00:42:06 Now we're done with North America and head down to South America, where we're going to

00:42:10 spend a week.

00:42:11 I don't even feel tired, even though I literally live in trains and planes now, traveling from

00:42:17 one amusement park to another.

00:42:18 And I still run those 10 miles every day, which is surprising.

00:42:22 Also, we were given a booklet to study the history of roller coasters.

00:42:27 Right, they were inspired by the 18th century Russian ice slides.

00:42:31 Those were about 80 feet tall and had a 50-degree drop.

00:42:34 The first roller coaster was made in France back in 1804, and it was a wheeled wagon.

00:42:40 Okay, not a big deal.

00:42:43 Day 15 We've been to amusement parks in Brazil, Argentina,

00:42:47 and Chile.

00:42:48 As a professional, I noted that the Catapul ride at Jope Hare in Brazil was pretty cool.

00:42:54 It has a vertical loop where you first go forward and then suddenly backward.

00:42:59 We're finally heading to Europe.

00:43:01 I've never been there before, and now I'm about to test all the best rides in France,

00:43:06 Spain, and many other countries.

00:43:08 Sounds cool, but somehow I'm not that excited about it.

00:43:12 Yeah, they're fun, but I'm getting a bit tired of it.

00:43:15 Okay, maybe it's just jet lag.

00:43:17 After South America, I noted the rides I used to love so much just stopped being that exciting.

00:43:23 I don't feel energetic.

00:43:25 It's the opposite.

00:43:26 When the working day's over, I'm exhausted, like never before.

00:43:30 My brain must have gotten used to something weird going on with me all the time, and the

00:43:34 rides are getting pretty predictable.

00:43:36 Also, my neck and back hurt a bit.

00:43:39 All these rough movements put a lot of pressure on you, and while most of your body is tightened

00:43:44 up to the seat, your head is not.

00:43:47 Your neck does a lot of work supporting it and keeping your head steady while the coaster

00:43:51 is taking you in random directions, so no wonder it started to hurt.

00:43:55 Also, your brain and inner organs actually move a bit inside you.

00:44:00 Just a random fact.

00:44:01 So, my body is starting to feel like it needs a break.

00:44:05 But I have my contract signed, and there are six more weeks ahead.

00:44:09 Day 30.

00:44:11 Europe was pretty fun.

00:44:12 There were a couple of really cool rides.

00:44:14 My personal European favorite was "Der Schwur des Kernen" in Hanse Park in Germany.

00:44:20 It starts totally in the dark, where you ride listening to some epic music, having no idea

00:44:25 what's coming next.

00:44:27 I was even impressed, but I would have definitely enjoyed it more if it hadn't been my 300th

00:44:32 ride that month.

00:44:33 My back and neck still hurt.

00:44:35 I even had to buy some ointment to feel better.

00:44:38 It didn't help though.

00:44:39 The next day, I'm back to business.

00:44:42 At the hotel, the only thing I do is lie down, trying to fall asleep.

00:44:46 Falling asleep has gotten really challenging.

00:44:49 This is what adrenaline has done to me.

00:44:51 I just chill and watch some movies.

00:44:53 I wish I could stop the trip and come back home to get some rest after being dragged

00:44:57 here and there all day long, but I can't.

00:45:01 Next stop is Western Asia.

00:45:03 Yay.

00:45:04 One more month to go.

00:45:06 Day 45.

00:45:07 We've been to the UAE, Japan, China, countries with some of the best theme parks in the world

00:45:13 that I've never been to before.

00:45:15 We rode the fastest roller coaster in the world.

00:45:18 It's called Formula Rossa, and it's in the UAE.

00:45:22 It reaches the speed of 149 miles per hour, which is way more than any highway speed limit

00:45:28 back home.

00:45:29 Two months ago, I would've been screaming like crazy if I had heard about such a chance.

00:45:34 But now, I care more about not falling apart.

00:45:37 I don't even remember the last time my neck didn't hurt.

00:45:40 I feel like my head will fall off soon.

00:45:43 Every time you're on the roller coaster, it becomes about five times heavier, and your

00:45:47 poor neck is all that supports it.

00:45:49 That's all because of gravity pulling you down towards the Earth's center.

00:45:53 When you're on a roller coaster, the gravity is much higher than when you simply stand

00:45:57 on the ground.

00:45:58 And gravity is exactly what makes roller coasters work.

00:46:02 They're designed in such a way to take advantage of it.

00:46:05 On ascent, we accumulate energy.

00:46:08 Then, on descent, the energy is released.

00:46:11 So the whole roller coaster ride is a combination of ascents and descents, accumulation, and

00:46:17 then the release of energy.

00:46:19 But as we ascend, the gravity force becomes higher.

00:46:22 So 1g is the normal force we feel when we stand on the ground.

00:46:26 On average, a person can handle the force of up to 5g.

00:46:30 And that's about what we experience on a roller coaster.

00:46:33 While experiencing the gravitational force of 5g, you start to weigh five times more.

00:46:39 So if you normally weigh 150 pounds, on a roller coaster, you weigh 750 pounds.

00:46:45 And your head will weigh five times more as well.

00:46:48 So yeah, that's why my neck hurts.

00:46:51 I'll get through it.

00:46:52 Just two weeks to go.

00:46:54 Day 61.

00:46:57 I'm finally home.

00:46:58 And it's never felt so good.

00:47:01 I've got my paycheck and the experience of riding all the best roller coasters in the

00:47:05 world, which is cool.

00:47:07 And I'm so tired that I only care about my bed and peace.

00:47:12 On the bright side, I don't care about that tough time in life I've had.

00:47:16 But even though I feel tired, it was pretty much a healthy trip, however crazy it sounds.

00:47:22 I think I'll stay away from roller coasters for a while, though.

00:47:25 I've had enough.

00:47:28 Not even twins have tongue prints that are alike.

00:47:31 The tongue is a movable and strong set of muscles that almost never gets tired.

00:47:37 It contains anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 taste buds.

00:47:41 Those little white and pink bumps on your tongue aren't taste buds.

00:47:45 But each of them does have a bunch of them inside its surface tissue.

00:47:49 Evolution gave us taste buds so that we can stay alive.

00:47:52 For instance, sour and bitter flavors can be a sign that you may be eating rotten food

00:47:58 or poisonous plants.

00:48:00 The back of the tongue is more sensitive when it comes to bitter flavors, which is why we

00:48:04 can spit out bad food before we swallow it.

00:48:07 Salty and sweet tastes tell us if foods are rich in nutrients.

00:48:12 By the time they're 60, the majority of people lose half their taste buds.

00:48:16 Yes, your tongue is pretty cool, and its prints can be used for biometric authentication,

00:48:22 just like fingerprints.

00:48:23 Each of us have a different and unique tongue print.

00:48:26 So if you don't want to reveal your secret identity, keep your tongue hidden.

00:48:30 That would be funny.

00:48:32 Why do we even have fingerprints?

00:48:35 Scientists had a lot of different theories, but they now believe it's because having them

00:48:39 allows skin to stretch more easily.

00:48:42 That prevents blisters, protects the skin from damage, and may improve our sense of

00:48:46 touch.

00:48:47 Humans are not the only ones with unique fingerprints.

00:48:50 Koalas have them too.

00:48:53 Only around 7% of people are left-handed.

00:48:57 Left-handed people mostly chew food on the left side of their mouth, while right-handed

00:49:01 people do so on the right.

00:49:03 We lose almost 9 pounds of skin cells every year.

00:49:07 Don't worry, we replace them quickly.

00:49:09 We produce more cells than there are people living in the United States.

00:49:13 Every 15 seconds.

00:49:15 Our body is always regenerating, and we replace our skin hundreds of times during one lifetime.

00:49:21 Yep, our body regenerates, except for our teeth.

00:49:25 They're the only part of the body that can't heal itself.

00:49:29 We have teeth that are similar to a shark's.

00:49:31 Their teeth also have a thing called dentin inside of them, and theirs are just as strong

00:49:36 as ours.

00:49:37 Of course, theirs are sharper and bigger, but still.

00:49:41 Teeth are part of the human skeleton, but they're not considered bones.

00:49:45 You'll spend approximately 38 days of your life brushing your teeth.

00:49:50 And guess what?

00:49:51 It's possible to brush them too much.

00:49:54 That can make them more sensitive, because it wears down the natural enamel.

00:49:58 Your left and right lungs are not the same size.

00:50:02 The right one is bigger, because the left shares its real estate with your heart.

00:50:08 Hiccups are something almost all mammals go through from time to time, not just humans.

00:50:13 The record was set by a man named Charles Osborne.

00:50:16 He couldn't stop hiccuping for 68 years.

00:50:19 Guess no one told him about the whole eating sugar trip.

00:50:22 There's only one part of your body that doesn't get a regular delivery of blood.

00:50:26 Your corneas.

00:50:28 They get oxygen directly from the air.

00:50:31 Our eyes can differentiate between 10 million different colors.

00:50:35 The muscles that help our eyes focus on something make around 100,000 movements a day.

00:50:40 If you wanted to make your leg muscles do the same amount of work, you'd need to take

00:50:44 a long walk.

00:50:46 At least 50 miles.

00:50:48 We can't all see infrared light or ultraviolet radiation.

00:50:52 Only 1% of us can do that.

00:50:54 And if you can see one of those, it doesn't necessarily mean you can see the other.

00:50:59 Research says blue-eyed people all over the world may be related, or at least share a

00:51:04 very distant ancestor.

00:51:07 Scientists looked at blue-eyed individuals from Turkey, India, Jordan, and Scandinavia.

00:51:12 They all had the same eye color gene sequences.

00:51:16 They believe this trait comes from one blue-eyed person whose genes mutated around 10,000 years

00:51:22 ago.

00:51:23 Before that, people's eyes were just all different shades of brown.

00:51:27 People with blue eyes are generally a bit more sensitive to pain than individuals with

00:51:32 other eye colors.

00:51:34 We blink about 20 times in one minute, which means we do it more than 10 million times

00:51:39 a year.

00:51:40 That thing about being similar to sharks, well, that goes for our eyes, too.

00:51:45 If part of your eye gets damaged, you can replace it with a shark's.

00:51:50 We can't sneeze with our eyes open.

00:51:52 Try it.

00:51:53 It's really hard to override your built-in reflexes.

00:51:57 Eyelashes have their own life, too.

00:51:59 One single lash lives for about 150 days before falling out.

00:52:04 We all get goosebumps when we hear "Good News," our favorite song, or when it's ridiculously

00:52:10 cold in the frozen food aisle.

00:52:11 It's a reflex we got from our ancestors.

00:52:15 It happens when you release adrenaline.

00:52:17 It makes your hair stand on end and helps you look more imposing.

00:52:21 Rawr!

00:52:22 Scary, huh?

00:52:23 The human brain has 100 billion neurons and a memory capacity that's equal to more than

00:52:29 4 terabytes, which is a lot.

00:52:32 Your brain uses more than a quarter of all the oxygen your lungs take in, and it's mostly

00:52:37 water - more than 75%.

00:52:40 Stay hydrated, people!

00:52:42 It's not true that humans use only 10% of their brain.

00:52:45 We use much more than that, even when we're asleep.

00:52:48 Most of our brain is constantly active.

00:52:51 We just don't use all parts of it at the same time.

00:52:54 Out of all the species out there, humans are the only ones who can blush.

00:52:59 It comes from a rush of adrenaline.

00:53:01 When you see your face turn red, know that your stomach is turning red, too.

00:53:06 How weird is that?

00:53:07 When you crack your knuckles, the sound you're hearing is tiny gas bubbles being released.

00:53:13 There are pockets of gas trapped between your joints, so when you stretch them, they make

00:53:18 a popping noise.

00:53:19 Ugh, so satisfying.

00:53:23 We use 43 muscles when we frown, but only 17 when we smile.

00:53:27 No scientists are still arguing over this one.

00:53:30 Say cheese!

00:53:32 An average person eats around 33 tons of food over a lifetime.

00:53:36 That's 6 elephants worth!

00:53:40 We breathe in approximately 2,900 gallons of air on a daily basis, but we can't swallow

00:53:46 and breathe at the same time.

00:53:48 Most people need about 7 minutes to fall asleep, and we're just about the only living creatures

00:53:54 that sleep on our backs.

00:53:56 Randy Gardner decided to set the record for the longest period without sleep.

00:54:00 The year was 1964, and he stayed awake for 11 days.

00:54:05 That's 264 hours.

00:54:06 Guess he had pretty noisy neighbors.

00:54:09 Amongst all animals, humans are the only ones with chins.

00:54:14 When you're thirsty, it means the water loss you're experiencing is equal to 1% of your

00:54:19 total body weight.

00:54:20 If it goes past 5%, you might even faint.

00:54:24 During your lifespan, your body goes from having 300 bones to 206.

00:54:30 Over half of all your bones are in your feet, your ankles, hands, and wrists.

00:54:35 The biggest human bone is the thigh bone, and the smallest one is called the stirrup

00:54:40 bone.

00:54:41 It's inside your eardrum.

00:54:42 Your nose can recognize a trillion different scents and remember 50,000 of them.

00:54:48 Also, women are better smellers than men, and our sense of smell is 10,000 times more

00:54:53 sensitive than our sense of taste.

00:54:56 Our lungs have a surface area that's almost equal to the area of an entire tennis court.

00:55:02 So what's up with that feeling you get when you're going over a crest on a roller coaster

00:55:06 and your stomach jumps up into your throat?

00:55:08 Well, the seatbelt keeps your body in place, but your stomach, intestines, and smaller

00:55:14 internal organs get a little airtime.

00:55:17 It doesn't do you any harm, but your nerves can't figure out what's going on.

00:55:21 They really think your stomach has jumped all the way into your throat.

00:55:26 We're all taller in the morning because throughout the day, the cartilage between our bones gets

00:55:31 compressed.

00:55:32 That makes us around one fingernail shorter by the end of each day.

00:55:36 Ears and ears, parts of our body that never stop growing.

00:55:40 It's mostly thanks to gravity.

00:55:42 The veins and arteries inside your body are long enough to make two trips around the world.

00:55:48 Blood makes up about 8% of your body weight.

00:55:51 When you listen to music, your heartbeat syncs with the general vibe of the song.

00:55:55 So choose wisely.

00:55:57 Your skin is the biggest organ you have.

00:56:00 It counts for about 15% of your total weight.

00:56:03 Like this, you can burn more calories during sleep than when watching TV.

00:56:08 Hmm, then what about sleeping while the TV's still on?

00:56:13 I want you to pay attention to how close a person stands to you.

00:56:17 If your friend backs away when you move closer, it may signify that your connection isn't

00:56:22 mutual.

00:56:23 This is especially obvious when you observe how people talk to each other in couples.

00:56:28 If a person moves back in a chair during your conversation, this may indicate boredom or

00:56:33 fatigue.

00:56:34 Politeness doesn't allow most people to end communication, even if they don't enjoy

00:56:38 it.

00:56:39 If you've noticed this micro-gesture, you may want to ask about the person's well-being

00:56:43 or suggest taking a break.

00:56:45 When someone approaches you, even after you've moved away from them, this may indicate a

00:56:50 desire to be dominant in your relationships or convince you of something.

00:56:55 Body orientation is the angle of a person's body in relation to yours during your conversation.

00:57:00 It often reveals who or what we're really interested in.

00:57:04 If the head is turned to you, but the body is directed to the side, perhaps the person

00:57:09 isn't ready to fully engage.

00:57:11 Or the speaker subconsciously signals that they're in a hurry and overloaded with more

00:57:16 important tasks.

00:57:18 If you want to show someone that you're fully interested, stand or sit down face-to-face

00:57:23 and make sure that your shoulders are parallel.

00:57:25 This will create a special psychological place protecting both of you from everyone around.

00:57:30 Liars usually avoid direct eye contact.

00:57:34 Eyes' direction can provide additional clues.

00:57:36 If someone is looking to the right or straight up during conversation, it's quite possible

00:57:41 that the speaker is lying because this motion awakens brain parts responsible for imagination.

00:57:48 If the speaker is looking to the left or down while talking, it signifies active memorizing

00:57:53 and recalling facts.

00:57:54 In this case, most likely the conversation is sincere.

00:57:58 This is a great life hack to check your friend's honesty.

00:58:01 Just make sure you don't confuse left and right.

00:58:05 Just like animals, people tend to demonstrate the so-called territorial behavior.

00:58:10 The higher a person's economic and social position is, the more territory this person

00:58:14 tends to occupy.

00:58:16 People usually express it by making themselves comfortable in a chair, putting legs on a

00:58:21 table, spreading their arms and legs wide apart, public stretching, and so on.

00:58:27 Confident people don't hesitate taking up a lot of space, while people who feel insecure

00:58:31 will unconsciously seek to take up less space, squeeze their shoulders, and keep their hands

00:58:36 close to the body.

00:58:38 If a person starts to nod repeatedly and excessively while you're talking, it might indicate

00:58:43 that the subject you're discussing is boring or unpleasant.

00:58:46 Also, people nod way too much when they try to prove their ability to follow instructions.

00:58:52 You probably did this too in stressful situations, like starting a new job or meeting someone

00:58:57 special.

00:58:58 If this gesture is accompanied with frequent blinking, the person is likely to feel overwhelmed

00:59:04 by the speaker's authority and craves to leave a good impression.

00:59:08 When someone you like walks into the room, your subconscious mind will want to make sure

00:59:12 that you look attractive.

00:59:14 This may result in touching your clothes, fixing hair and accessories.

00:59:18 People also tend to take a more graceful body position and even start looking around for

00:59:23 a mirror or any other reflective surface.

00:59:26 Some may constantly touch their own skin and lick their lips.

00:59:30 If you notice this behavior in someone you're talking to, don't rush to plan your family

00:59:34 though.

00:59:35 Maybe someone else in the room is the object of their affection, or they're just perfectionists

00:59:40 who want to look better in the eyes of other people.

00:59:43 Wiggles around the eye can tell if a smile is genuine or not.

00:59:47 When someone fakes a smile, you'll notice that their eyes aren't smiling along with

00:59:51 the lips.

00:59:52 Also, fake smiles aren't contagious, so you probably won't feel the urge to smile

00:59:57 back.

00:59:58 This issue can be easily solved with a good, unpredictable joke.

01:00:03 A clenched jaw indicates anxiety.

01:00:06 Whether you notice it or not, it happens subconsciously.

01:00:09 If you meet someone with clenched jaws, it probably means that this person is thinking

01:00:13 about something stressful.

01:00:16 Facial muscles, and especially jaws can stay pinched for years, so singing and special

01:00:21 relaxation exercises will help erase the imprint of worry from your face.

01:00:26 When a speaker gets nervous, stress can partially paralyze the jaw and make the voice sound

01:00:31 unnatural.

01:00:32 If this person also gulps nervously and breathes unevenly, something is definitely bothering

01:00:37 them.

01:00:38 Facial muscles show genuine emotions symmetrically.

01:00:41 If one side of the face is more active than the other, it can be a sign of faking emotions.

01:00:46 Remember, there are no perfectly symmetrical faces in nature.

01:00:50 If you know someone with such a face, this person is probably a robot.

01:00:54 False asymmetrical emotions usually manifest as a raised eyebrow or a crooked smile distorted

01:01:00 in one direction.

01:01:02 When someone experiences intense emotions but tries to stay calm and bossy, it can cause

01:01:07 them to blink with only one eye.

01:01:10 Sudden blushing is usually involuntary and triggered by intense emotions such as embarrassment,

01:01:15 shyness, guilt, or romantic feelings.

01:01:19 These emotional triggers force the body to release adrenaline, which stimulates the nervous

01:01:24 system and widens blood vessels.

01:01:26 In most cases, blushing sends a signal that the person would like to avoid unnecessary

01:01:31 attention.

01:01:32 Also, red cheeks often indicate people who are afraid that their secrets might be publicly

01:01:37 revealed.

01:01:39 Some people genetically tend to blush more intensely than others.

01:01:42 Even slight stress can cause redness of the skin on their cheeks, ears, and chest.

01:01:47 So take your time before jumping to conclusions and observe other signs.

01:01:52 When someone raises their hand at the full arm's length with a comfortable posture,

01:01:57 it reveals that this person feels cozy and relaxed in your company.

01:02:01 On the contrary, raising a hand under the head level indicates insecurity and shyness.

01:02:07 When people hold drinks or phones at the level of their hearts, this may signify a subconscious

01:02:12 desire to protect themselves from the world.

01:02:15 Holding these items at the waist level reveals a person who feels safe and open to communication.

01:02:21 If palms are facing upward, it means that subconsciously this person is suggesting or

01:02:26 asking something.

01:02:28 Most people associate open palms with truthfulness, honesty, and allegiance.

01:02:32 Meanwhile, when palms are facing downward, it indicates a complaining and demanding mood.

01:02:38 Using hand gesturing during your public speech helps the audience to comprehend new information

01:02:43 easier.

01:02:44 Just try not to swing your arms too actively or too high.

01:02:48 People might think you're too dramatic and lose focus.

01:02:51 Hiding hands in your pockets is not the best choice either.

01:02:54 People may subconsciously perceive this as a sign that you're an arrogant and insincere

01:02:59 person who has plenty of dark secrets.

01:03:02 When people are really focused on conversation, their palms usually don't move.

01:03:07 If you're talking to someone and notice this person is knocking a fist on the table

01:03:11 or chair up and down, it's a sign that you're not engaging them.

01:03:15 When you hear something cute but at the same time, the speaker clenches their fists instinctively,

01:03:21 this person is probably exaggerating, lying, or trying to hide pent-up anger.

01:03:26 Many people consider crossing arms while talking a bad habit because the audience may perceive

01:03:31 this as a sign of vulnerability and self-doubt.

01:03:35 This rule also applies to the legs.

01:03:37 If you want to leave an impression of a confident and friendly person, try to stand or sit without

01:03:42 crossing your legs and arms.

01:03:44 Holding your hand behind your forearm is a negative signal to people around you.

01:03:48 We usually take this position when we're gloomy or angry, and the higher you grab your

01:03:53 hand, the unhappier you seem to people.

01:03:57 Touching random objects slowly and gracefully during a conversation is a sign of attraction

01:04:02 and engagement.

01:04:03 People usually prefer to play with markers, elastic bands, glasses, and phone cases.

01:04:09 Twisting a napkin and folding origami is also a friendly signal of trust and inspiration.

01:04:15 Playing eyebrows can send many signals too.

01:04:17 Raising them briefly during the initial eye contact with a familiar person is a friendly

01:04:22 sign.

01:04:23 It says, "I'm not afraid of you and I'm not avoiding you."

01:04:26 Furrowed eyebrows can be a sign of dissatisfaction and frustration.

01:04:30 And if someone raises eyebrows during a conversation and holds them up for a long time, it's

01:04:35 probably a signal of surprise or excitement.

01:04:39 Touching your face and neck during conversation and covering up your mouth is a common gesture

01:04:43 people make when they're trying to hide their genuine emotions.

01:04:47 Tilting the head to the side is regarded as a gesture of trust and sympathy.

01:04:52 Vital arteries which supply the brain with oxygen are in the neck.

01:04:56 People who feel any threat will instinctively hide these arteries, pulling their heads in

01:05:00 the shoulders.

01:05:01 People who tilt their heads while communicating usually seem much more attractive and trustworthy

01:05:06 because this gesture brings playful vibes.

01:05:09 Got it?

01:05:10 Ok, so let's get out there and start analyzing some people!

01:05:14 You're a scientist who spent the last few years studying brain abilities and building

01:05:19 a machine that can upload any data into a human mind.

01:05:22 Want to become a lawyer?

01:05:24 Upload all the law knowledge into your brain.

01:05:26 Need to learn a new language?

01:05:28 Just put on a special headset that connects to your mind and downloads all the necessary

01:05:32 information through the computer.

01:05:35 Usually you lose consciousness for a couple of minutes while the information is being

01:05:38 uploaded.

01:05:39 Then you might feel tired for several hours since your brain needs some time to adapt

01:05:43 to new data.

01:05:45 But now you've decided to download much more than one profession.

01:05:48 You want to upload an electronic library with millions of books to become the smartest person

01:05:53 in the world.

01:05:54 You put on a headset, start the program, but forget one simple important thing.

01:05:59 Uh-oh.

01:06:00 The brain must process any information before you start actually using it.

01:06:04 While sleeping, the human brain analyzes and processes all the information received during

01:06:09 the day.

01:06:10 Well, you start the machine and fall into an endless black abyss.

01:06:14 You're climbing an incredibly high mountain.

01:06:16 You don't remember how you got here or how long you've been doing this.

01:06:20 All you know is that you have to get to the top.

01:06:23 You pass through the clouds, the blue sky is replaced with black space.

01:06:27 The top is higher than the ISS.

01:06:30 You look at the mountain and see that it's not just a rock, but books.

01:06:34 You climb an infinitely huge stack of books.

01:06:38 Chemical formulas, fish, huge octopuses, tables with mathematical formulas flying around.

01:06:44 You stop gripping, but don't fall.

01:06:46 You float in space and fly to the top.

01:06:49 Ooh, there's a shining light.

01:06:51 You're getting closer and closer.

01:06:53 Something happens and you fall down at a great speed.

01:06:57 Someone is pulling you to the ground.

01:06:59 You come back to consciousness, slightly annoyed because such a beautiful dream ended.

01:07:04 You wake up, but don't see or remember anything.

01:07:07 In the dark there are flashes of light, and you realize that your eyes are closed.

01:07:12 You make an incredible effort and finally open them.

01:07:15 You don't know where you are, and your brain is slowly uploading information about your

01:07:20 surroundings.

01:07:21 You want to get out of bed and understand what's happening, but can't.

01:07:25 Your muscles just won't flex.

01:07:27 You can't turn your neck.

01:07:29 Every movement is hard and your mouth is dry.

01:07:32 The eyes are closing since the eyelids are hard to keep open.

01:07:35 You want to call for help, but you can't scream.

01:07:38 Your vocal cords are too weak, and your jaw muscles don't allow you to open your mouth

01:07:42 wide.

01:07:43 Your friend comes into the room and tells you not to worry.

01:07:47 She says you've been asleep for a month.

01:07:49 And that's what's been happening with your brain and body all this time.

01:07:53 Our dream consists of two parts.

01:07:55 Not rapid eye movement NREM and rapid eye movement REM.

01:08:00 NREM sleep is the deepest sleep stage and consists of several parts.

01:08:04 It's called so because our eyes don't move during this time.

01:08:08 The brain's activity decreases and the mind rests.

01:08:11 They say during NREM sleep, our subconscious mind turns on.

01:08:15 It analyzes all the experiences you've had during the day.

01:08:18 Then the brain begins to slowly come out of the deep stage to the REM phase.

01:08:23 Your eyes move quickly behind your eyelids and you can see vivid dreams.

01:08:27 The last two phases last about an hour and a half to two hours and change each other

01:08:31 several times in one night.

01:08:34 The NREM phase lasts most of this time and the REM lasts 15 to 30 minutes.

01:08:39 If your body gets enough sleep, you wake up right after the REM phase.

01:08:43 If you need more rest, then you return to the deep phase after the REM phase.

01:08:48 On average, a person goes through 3 to 4 phases per night.

01:08:51 You've had more than 350 of these stages over the last month.

01:08:55 The REM phase is important because it receives all the information from the subconscious

01:08:59 and processes it.

01:09:01 As a result, we see dreams.

01:09:03 You may think the whole dream is meaningless, but it's connected with events and sensations

01:09:08 we've experienced over the day.

01:09:10 When you uploaded the library with a million books into your mind, it took much longer

01:09:14 to process such an amount of information than a usual 8-hour sleep.

01:09:19 You remember only a small part of your dream, and your consciousness doesn't feel that

01:09:23 a whole month has passed.

01:09:25 The whole processing of the downloaded knowledge was hidden from you by the subconscious mind.

01:09:30 But you saw a little part.

01:09:31 You dreamed you were climbing a peak that symbolized knowledge.

01:09:35 This was your last REM phase in this dream.

01:09:37 That's why you remember it so well.

01:09:40 The level of your erudition is incredible now.

01:09:43 But what's the point if you're completely helpless right now?

01:09:46 Your physical body has been through an ordeal this month.

01:09:49 During the first few days of sleep, your body doesn't change much.

01:09:53 Your brain, knowing that you're asleep, produces a special hormone that causes the

01:09:57 body not to produce… well, you don't want to go to the toilet.

01:10:01 So during sleep, your body cools down slightly, and your muscles relax completely.

01:10:06 Without physical exertion, muscle fibers become weaker and smaller.

01:10:10 You lose 1-5% of your muscle mass every day.

01:10:14 Blood circulation is disrupted, muscles don't receive nutrition and weaken so much that

01:10:19 they completely turn off.

01:10:21 After a month, they become like a thin layer of jelly.

01:10:24 This applies not only to your arms and legs.

01:10:27 Your face can't express emotions, and you can't open your eyes.

01:10:31 A couple of days after falling asleep, the body begins to experience severe dehydration.

01:10:36 After a week, a large percentage of the fluid in your body disappears.

01:10:41 Moisture is extracted from skin tissues, fat, and muscles to maintain the overall health.

01:10:46 To conserve moisture and the body's energy, your body cools down.

01:10:52 After a couple of weeks, you're not much warmer than a can of soda from the fridge.

01:10:56 A month later, you're more like a large chunk of ice.

01:11:00 Every day, fewer and fewer vitamins and nutrients are distributed throughout your body.

01:11:05 Imagine the bloodstream is a broad highway with thousands of cars, where each car is

01:11:10 some element necessary for the organism's functioning.

01:11:13 Every day, the number of cars decreases, their speed getting slower.

01:11:18 After a month, the road is almost empty.

01:11:20 The metabolism is stopped.

01:11:22 All your organs except your heart and lungs almost stop working, because there's no need

01:11:27 to.

01:11:28 The kidneys don't filter the incoming moisture.

01:11:30 The liver doesn't control the metabolism because no substances enter the body anymore.

01:11:35 The lack of vitamins and nutrients makes your bones as brittle as glass.

01:11:40 The brain also lacks nutrition.

01:11:42 It continues to gain new knowledge, but its reaction speed and analytical abilities decrease.

01:11:48 Almost all the remaining resources are directed to provide the brain with energy, but this

01:11:53 is still not enough.

01:11:57 After waking up, you may not understand for a long time where you are, who you are, and

01:12:02 what's happening.

01:12:03 The TV is turned on in front of you, and it will take you several seconds to realize it.

01:12:08 Your heart rate is reduced several times.

01:12:10 The heart isn't working at full strength.

01:12:13 You breathe so slowly and so weakly that even a fly flying past your nose can hardly feel

01:12:18 the breath.

01:12:19 Your body now is like a laptop with a low battery level.

01:12:23 The energy is only enough to show the image the computer needs charging.

01:12:27 You would be both the smartest and most helpless person in the world.

01:12:32 Fortunately, this didn't happen to you, because all this time you were helped by your friend.

01:12:37 She fed you through a tube, gave you a complex of vitamins.

01:12:40 Your body was covered with a blanket that creates electrical impulses.

01:12:44 Not too powerful to hurt you, but capable of making your muscles contract.

01:12:48 You were in good shape while sleeping.

01:12:51 Of course, this is not enough to wake up and feel as good as new.

01:12:54 In the first few minutes, it's still difficult for you to move, but after an hour, you get

01:12:59 out of bed.

01:13:01 In the next few weeks, you restore your nutrition, exercise to tone your muscles, meditate and

01:13:06 do intellectual tasks to relieve your brain stress and restore your nervous system.

01:13:10 New knowledge doesn't come immediately.

01:13:13 It comes in waves every day.

01:13:15 Today, you know all the works of avant-garde writers, and tomorrow, you understand the

01:13:19 latest achievements in the field of neural surgery.

01:13:23 With this knowledge, you decide to start studying sleep.

01:13:26 You like the dream of climbing the mountain so much that you're about to create a device

01:13:31 that can record your dreams.

01:13:33 Your plan is to create a simple algorithm so that these dreams can be played on a computer

01:13:37 screen once you wake up.

01:13:41 Whenever we yawn, we use the muscles in our mouth and tongue, and the contact can squeeze

01:13:46 some of the saliva-producing glands.

01:13:49 As a result, we might squirt a tiny stream of saliva without even noticing it, but it'll

01:13:55 reach out a foot or more.

01:13:57 I had a friend in college who could do that at will.

01:14:00 It was impressive.

01:14:01 It turns out that saliva is basically filtered blood.

01:14:05 Blood is processed thanks to special glands, and special cells absorb its properties.

01:14:11 After that, the blood becomes saliva.

01:14:15 Moving on, if your brain were a USB drive, it would be totally insane.

01:14:20 Our brain capacity is somewhere between 10 and 100 terabytes.

01:14:25 Some scientists claim the full spectrum can reach 2.5 petabytes.

01:14:30 Sounds like a dog snack, doesn't it?

01:14:32 When the size of the full English version of Wikipedia was calculated back in 2010,

01:14:38 it was only 5.6 terabytes.

01:14:41 Our body heat can boil a half a gallon of water in 30 minutes, even when we're idle.

01:14:47 We should try that.

01:14:49 Our brain can perform up to 10 quadrillion operations per second with 10 watts of power

01:14:55 only.

01:14:56 A computer that could do the same would need about 1 gigawatt of power.

01:15:00 This amount could power up to 300,000 houses.

01:15:05 Your memory is affected by your body position.

01:15:08 For example, you're much more likely to recall a situation where you waved to someone

01:15:13 if you stand and wave again.

01:15:16 Your brain has millions of neurons.

01:15:18 They're all different, and the speed of connection between them is different too.

01:15:22 That's why you can recall some information faster than others.

01:15:27 Our nerve impulses, though, are super slow compared to the speed of electricity.

01:15:33 Humans can speed up to 275 mph, even slower than the world's fastest car.

01:15:38 Still, it's pretty fast because your brain needs to respond to stuff like pain or tickles.

01:15:46 The brain itself, by the way, can't feel pain.

01:15:49 It has no nerve endings of its own.

01:15:52 People with red-colored hair are 1% of all people.

01:15:56 2% are natural blondes.

01:15:59 So yeah, most people you see with these hair colors have dyed hair.

01:16:03 Black is the most common hair color in the world.

01:16:08 Hair is not only strong but also elastic.

01:16:12 It can stretch about 30% of its length when it's wet.

01:16:16 The average hair growth rate is 6 inches per year.

01:16:20 So if you never cut your hair until you're, say, 80 years old, your hair will have grown

01:16:25 up to 480 inches, about the height of a 4-story building.

01:16:29 Still, it's not quite possible because our hair length is programmed genetically.

01:16:35 A human eye resembles a car engine.

01:16:38 Both of them need liquid for good lubrication.

01:16:42 The engine needs oil, and the eye needs tears.

01:16:45 To make sure the eyes work right, tears are distributed all over them.

01:16:49 That's why we blink more than 10,000 times a day.

01:16:54 The eye muscle is the fastest muscle in our bodies.

01:16:57 We can blink 5 times per second and even more.

01:17:01 We spend about 6 seconds blinking every minute.

01:17:05 During the day, we spend 30 minutes in complete darkness just because we close the eyes, not

01:17:10 even including the time when we sleep.

01:17:14 The only part of the human body that doesn't get any nutrients from blood is the cornea

01:17:19 of the eye.

01:17:20 The only thing it needs to work well are tears and fluid in front of your eyes.

01:17:26 Most scientists agree that tears that appear out of emotion are a unique human feature.

01:17:31 No other animal is capable of crying because of sadness or joy.

01:17:36 The pupils narrow and expand in order to control the incoming light.

01:17:41 If there's a lot of light, they narrow the passage for light so as to not harm the vision.

01:17:47 In the dark, the pupils expand to capture as much light as possible.

01:17:52 Now back to our mouths.

01:17:54 The tongue has a lot of muscles, and some of them can strain only when you're learning

01:17:59 a new language.

01:18:00 A human bite almost always becomes infected because of all the bacteria that live in our

01:18:06 mouth.

01:18:07 In this sense, we're quite close to hyenas.

01:18:11 Your bones are designed to be used a lot daily, and some of them can absorb two or even three

01:18:16 times your body weight.

01:18:18 That's impressive, but your teeth are even stronger.

01:18:22 When you bite something, the teeth can exert incredible pressure, up to 200 pounds.

01:18:28 By the way, the enamel is considered to be a part of your skeletal system.

01:18:34 Our body is about 60% water, and it can be found even in bones.

01:18:39 About 25% of the human bone mass is made of water.

01:18:45 Lactic acid in our stomach, also known as the most important defender of the immune

01:18:49 system, helps get rid of dangerous food toxins, viruses, and bacteria you get with the food

01:18:55 you eat.

01:18:57 Even the stomach itself can be digested by this acid, but the mucous membrane protects

01:19:02 it.

01:19:03 Even if you brush your teeth twice a day and never forget about mouthwash, your mouth still

01:19:09 stays one of the dirtiest parts of the human body.

01:19:13 Thousands of bacteria live inside it.

01:19:16 The good news is that most of these bacteria are good for the body and protect it from

01:19:20 bad bacteria and viruses.

01:19:24 People and giraffes have similar necks.

01:19:27 A person has the same amount of neck vertebrae as a giraffe has.

01:19:32 The difference, though, is about the length.

01:19:34 Giraffe vertebrae are about 10 inches long.

01:19:38 Our spine can withstand pressure of up to 1,000 pounds.

01:19:42 It would withstand an adult zebra.

01:19:46 But please don't try it at home – there are no zebras there after all.

01:19:51 When you lie down on your back and elevate the knees, the pressure on your spine is about

01:19:55 25 pounds.

01:19:57 Not a zebra for sure, but a good-sized cat.

01:20:01 Our spine is also very flexible.

01:20:03 If we could bend it, it could possibly form two-thirds of a complete circle.

01:20:08 Are we like snakes, then?

01:20:11 In the morning, you're taller than in the evening.

01:20:14 While sleeping, you're no longer affected by the force of gravity.

01:20:17 And your spine stretches, giving you up to half an inch in height.

01:20:22 Too bad you become shorter by daytime, though.

01:20:25 A rollercoaster actually tosses your organs around.

01:20:29 So when you feel like your stomach's falling down, it's actually flipping inside your

01:20:33 body.

01:20:35 You think your fingerprints are the only unique thing in your body?

01:20:38 Well, they're not!

01:20:40 Your tongue print and your smell are also one of a kind.

01:20:44 If anyone sniffs you, it's reason enough to get suspicious.

01:20:48 If all of your blood vessels were stretched into a single line, boy that would hurt.

01:20:53 But it would go around the Earth more than twice!

01:20:56 An impressive feat that you wouldn't see because, well, you can't live without your

01:21:01 blood vessels.

01:21:03 You think you rest while you're asleep, but in fact, your brain doesn't.

01:21:08 It's actually more active at night than during the day, processing all the info you've

01:21:13 collected.

01:21:14 So, have some respect!

01:21:17 The human liver is the busiest organ of the body.

01:21:21 It has over 500 functions, and not all of them are even clear to the scientists.

01:21:27 Ever wonder why you feel so sleepy after lunch?

01:21:30 Well, that's because of your circadian rhythms, which have 24-hour cycles, demand you have

01:21:36 a nap after 7 hours of being awake, and food just adds to this effect.

01:21:41 Simple.

01:21:43 Toothache and headache are linked together thanks to the trigeminal nerve.

01:21:48 It goes through the jaw right to the head, so when you feel tooth pain, it usually goes

01:21:53 hand in hand with that in your head.

01:21:57 You lose calories doing literally anything.

01:22:00 A healthy 8-hour sleep, for example, makes you lose up to 800 calories.

01:22:05 And yes, you spend energy even while eating.

01:22:09 Like all mammals, we have a diving reflex that slows down or even stops some bodily

01:22:15 functions to keep us from drowning.

01:22:17 That refers to heart rate too.

01:22:20 A person can go without food for more than 20 days.

01:22:23 However, if you don't sleep for 10 days, your body will simply stop functioning.

01:22:29 Talking about sleep, the average person forgets 90% of their dreams.

01:22:34 And maybe that's a good thing.

01:22:36 Otherwise, imagine how crazy the world would've been.

01:22:40 The color of your dreams is affected by the TV you watched as a kid.

01:22:45 If you're of an older generation that watch black and white TV, you'll see monochrome

01:22:50 dreams more often than not.

01:22:52 If you're used to color television, your dreams will also be colorful.

01:22:58 Out of every 10,000 people on Earth, one person has their organs mirrored, or reversed from

01:23:04 their usual and customary positions.

01:23:07 That is, their liver would be larger on the left side, and the right kidney would be a

01:23:11 bit superior to the left one.

01:23:14 Speaking of kidneys, your left one is a bit more elevated than your right.

01:23:18 That's because the liver is larger on the right side of your body.

01:23:23 People with light-colored eyes, blue or green, are better at tolerating pain than those with

01:23:28 dark eyes.

01:23:30 Scientists think it might be related to melanin that affects the color of the eyes.

01:23:35 The length of your foot is similar to that of your forearm.

01:23:38 Don't believe me?

01:23:39 Go check!

01:23:40 I'll wait right here.

01:23:42 Nah.

01:23:44 Humans have tails.

01:23:45 Okay, that sounds weird, I know, but it's true!

01:23:48 While our bodies are still forming in the womb, at around day 31 to 35, you can really

01:23:53 start to see it.

01:23:55 Right now, you have a tail.

01:23:56 It's inside you.

01:23:57 It's part of your coccyx, to be more precise.

01:24:00 If you were to have an X-ray right now and ask the doctor to show you your tail, you'd

01:24:05 see some small bony segments at the bottom of your spine.

01:24:08 We lost our tails over many millennia of evolution.

01:24:11 Imagine if we still had our tails.

01:24:13 They'd have to redesign pants.

01:24:15 Maybe they'd have a special hole or even a tail pocket.

01:24:18 Sitting might be a bit uncomfortable too, to say the least.

01:24:22 Our ancestors also had fur.

01:24:24 We lost it about 1.2 million years ago.

01:24:27 You might be thinking that we still have fur in the form of our body hair, but that's

01:24:31 nothing compared to what we used to have.

01:24:33 We were thickly furred like chimpanzees and gorillas are now because we needed it to stay

01:24:38 warm.

01:24:39 You might be annoyed that we lost it if you live somewhere freezing cold like Alaska.

01:24:43 Still, you could look at it the other way.

01:24:46 Losing our fur lets us enjoy the warm weather a bit more.

01:24:49 Living in larger groups meant we shared stuff, and not all of it was positive.

01:24:53 It's possible that humans with less hair or fur would get sick less often because they

01:24:58 didn't have as many parasites on them, like lice or ticks.

01:25:02 This might be the reason why we evolved to lose our fur and become what you see today.

01:25:07 Although I have to admit, more body warmth would come in very handy right now.

01:25:11 I wouldn't need to keep this blanket on my legs anymore.

01:25:14 Oh, not again.

01:25:17 Let me just grab a cup of water to make these hiccups go away.

01:25:21 Much better.

01:25:22 Okay, in reality, it's not that easy to stop hiccuping.

01:25:25 But why is it so hard to stop them?

01:25:27 Well, it could be because of a strange feature of a past evolution.

01:25:32 One theory is that hiccups have no real use anymore, and that we actually only do it because

01:25:36 we come from amphibians.

01:25:39 They had both lungs and gills at the same time.

01:25:41 When they went underwater, the entryway or glottis to their lungs would close.

01:25:46 Fast forward to today, and we still have that mechanism of closing the glottis, but it's

01:25:50 useless because we don't live in the water.

01:25:53 Wow, how unfair.

01:25:55 If we have to get frustrated by hiccups, we should at least be able to get some use out

01:25:59 of it.

01:26:00 Picture this, you start getting the hiccups, and it's like a superpower.

01:26:03 You stop breathing through your lungs and start using some gills.

01:26:06 That'd be something else, especially for anyone who really likes swimming.

01:26:11 Most of our teeth fit pretty much perfectly in our mouth, but there are 4 of them who

01:26:15 arrive late to the party and ruin everything.

01:26:17 I'm talking about wisdom teeth.

01:26:20 They serve no real purpose, but humans and a few primates have them.

01:26:24 However, lucky species like the tamarins don't have to worry about them.

01:26:28 About 35% of people don't even have wisdom teeth.

01:26:31 We might be on our way to losing them altogether, once and for all.

01:26:35 No more going to the dentist on a mission to remove them, no more headaches from them

01:26:39 either.

01:26:40 In Ireland, there are a lot of people with red hair, like really a lot, upwards of 30%.

01:26:46 That's a lot of redheads out there.

01:26:47 This is a result of genetic drift.

01:26:50 Genetic drift is when a feature is passed on from your ancestors without really having

01:26:54 any purpose.

01:26:55 This is exactly why some people have red hair.

01:26:58 So if you have red hair, there's no real reason for it, it's just your ancestors

01:27:03 from a past age who passed on to another member of your family, and eventually you.

01:27:08 And I think red hair is incredibly fun and attractive.

01:27:12 Inside our mother's womb 16 weeks in, we get a powerful urge to grasp the umbilical,

01:27:17 and so we do.

01:27:19 Monkeys do this too, and there's a reason for it.

01:27:21 It's because, when they're out in the wild, they need to hold on to their parents'

01:27:25 fur.

01:27:26 Humans used to do this, but since we lost all of our fur, there's no reason for us

01:27:30 to develop this involuntary grasping, called the Palmar Grasp Reflex.

01:27:35 Open wide and say "Ahh, good, I can see your tonsils now."

01:27:39 But what are they even used for?

01:27:40 If we take a good look at it, they actually cause more problems than benefits.

01:27:45 Tonsils appeared as a way to protect us from germs and other nasty stuff when we eat food.

01:27:50 Still, more often than not, all they do is give us a horrible sore throat.

01:27:54 Because of this, it's really common for people to get rid of them.

01:27:58 Picture a little pouch.

01:28:00 We have one of these inside our body.

01:28:02 Not exactly like this, but an organ that sort of resembles a pouch – our appendix.

01:28:08 Scientists used to think it was completely useless, but recently found that it might

01:28:12 actually have some use.

01:28:14 Still, like tonsils, it often causes more problems than benefits.

01:28:18 People commonly have their appendix removed and face no real consequences, so it can't

01:28:23 be that important.

01:28:24 It might've helped our ancestors in the past, but issues with the appendix can be a real

01:28:29 big stomachache.

01:28:30 Ok, you know how some people can weirdly move their ears?

01:28:34 Like this.

01:28:35 I can't do it.

01:28:36 You might be able to, though.

01:28:37 Try it for yourself.

01:28:39 Some of us can do this because, like other animals, we have a muscle called the auricular

01:28:44 muscle, but it's useless for us.

01:28:46 Cats, on the other hand, control their ears pretty well.

01:28:49 If only we could learn from them.

01:28:51 They look forwards and listen out for a noise behind them without moving their heads – just

01:28:55 their ears.

01:28:56 That's a pretty cool skill, if you ask me.

01:28:59 Stretch your arm as far as you can.

01:29:01 Your hand, too.

01:29:02 Now connect your thumb with your pinky finger.

01:29:05 You might see a line appear on your wrist.

01:29:07 What you're seeing is called the palmus longus, and about 90% of the world's population

01:29:12 has it.

01:29:13 And statistically speaking, it's likely that you have it, too.

01:29:16 Back then, our ancestors needed every bit of help they could get to climb trees and

01:29:20 grasp things.

01:29:22 But when we started walking, it made these muscles completely useless.

01:29:26 Monkeys, on the other hand, still climb trees easily.

01:29:29 They have a muscle in their feet called the plantarus muscle, also known as the monkey

01:29:34 muscle.

01:29:35 Now we have this, too, except we don't really need it because we don't go around doing

01:29:39 any monkey business.

01:29:41 Like the palmaris longus, about 10% of people are born with it.

01:29:44 Chances are, if monkeys are hanging from a branch, that's the muscle they're using.

01:29:49 If you're getting that late-night urge for food at 3am, it's because of hunger.

01:29:54 You probably already knew that, but what you don't know is that hunger evolved as a trigger

01:29:59 to drive us to search for more food.

01:30:01 So if you still got a few extra pounds you're trying to get rid of, you know what to do.

01:30:06 Blame it on evolution!

01:30:08 Our hungriest ancestors would've tried harder to look for food and survived to pass that

01:30:12 trait on to us.

01:30:14 Our love of sugary snacks like delicious chocolate cookies and milk is because of evolution,

01:30:20 too.

01:30:21 Our taste buds evolved just as hunger did to help us find food that's beneficial to

01:30:25 us.

01:30:26 You're out for a walk and get hit with a chilly breeze.

01:30:29 You're only wearing a t-shirt, so you decide to go back home.

01:30:32 You get into your house with chattering teeth and realize that you've got goose bumps,

01:30:37 too.

01:30:38 That's from our furry ancestors.

01:30:40 When it was cold, they would get goose bumps, and their fur would stand on end.

01:30:44 This would trap air and insulate their bodies like a nice fluffy coat.

01:30:48 We don't have fur anymore, so it doesn't do much.

01:30:52 Evolution also explains why you might get goose bumps when you're scared.

01:30:55 Picture this – you're a caveman out in the wild when suddenly a tiger jumps out at

01:31:00 you.

01:31:01 It starts growling at you.

01:31:02 No worries, your hair stands on end and you look giant!

01:31:06 The big pointy fur intimidates the tiger so it runs off.

01:31:10 Or you have the alternative ending where the tiger doesn't care and eats you anyway.

01:31:15 Maybe that's why we lost the fur – because it didn't work all the time.

01:31:19 We don't actually need five toes.

01:31:21 You're doing the laundry and your hands are full.

01:31:24 Oh, you dropped a towel.

01:31:25 What do you do?

01:31:26 You pick it up with your feet, of course.

01:31:28 This is possible because of our fifth toe, but we could do without it.

01:31:32 Since we walk upright and we don't need to go around jumping from branch to branch,

01:31:36 this toe is mostly useless.

01:31:39 We can walk and even run just fine with four toes, maybe even less.

01:31:43 So who knows, maybe in the future, humans will only have four toes on each foot.

01:31:51 Just a bit more, you can already see the finishing line.

01:31:54 Go!

01:31:55 You're drenched in sweat, but it was worth it!

01:31:58 Running the 5K everyone said you wouldn't finish.

01:32:01 You've proven all of them wrong, but now all you can think of is a cold shower.

01:32:06 It's scorching hot outside!

01:32:08 Not a great day for a run, but at least it's over.

01:32:13 On these occasions, cold showers are great.

01:32:15 For one thing, they help you cool off.

01:32:17 They also treat your muscles that desperately need a bit of attention after all that exercise.

01:32:23 But what if you decided to take a cold shower every day for a whole month?

01:32:28 It's only day one and you already think it's not a very good experience.

01:32:33 You know you're about to start the experiment, and you've been dreading it ever since you

01:32:37 went to bed yesterday.

01:32:38 Anyway, it's time!

01:32:40 You just turned off the alarm and you have to get up to go to work.

01:32:44 A shower not only helps you get clean, but also gradually wakes you up.

01:32:49 That is, if it's a hot shower.

01:32:51 A cold one will make you alert right away.

01:32:54 You open the tap, but you aren't quite sure what to do.

01:32:57 Do you pluck up all your courage and step under the water, or do you do it slowly and

01:33:02 carefully?

01:33:03 Not sure which one is worse?

01:33:07 It's the first day and you're already feeling brave, so you just jump in like the fearless

01:33:11 person you are.

01:33:12 It's freezing cold!

01:33:15 But as the cold water hits your skin, your body starts to get used to this temperature,

01:33:21 and the shower becomes more and more bearable as far as it goes.

01:33:25 Take several deep breaths, it might help.

01:33:27 You're instantly more alert though.

01:33:30 That's one of the good things about cold showers.

01:33:32 Your body was warm before, and the shock it feels not only increases your oxygen intake,

01:33:38 but also makes your heart rate go up.

01:33:40 It's like a rush of adrenaline.

01:33:42 Thinking back to a few days ago when you ran that 5K, the cold shower you took did make

01:33:48 you feel great.

01:33:49 That's because cold water has special properties that help your sore muscles recover.

01:33:54 And since running for that long was no joke, the shower acted almost like a day in the

01:33:59 spa for your body.

01:34:01 Which might be the next best thing to do after a tiring race.

01:34:05 Two weeks go by and you're halfway through the experiment.

01:34:07 "Ah, it's 7am, time for another cold shower!

01:34:11 Okay, here we go!"

01:34:14 After the shower's taken, you're out the door.

01:34:16 Once you step foot in the office, the first thing your colleagues notice about you is

01:34:20 that you're literally glowing.

01:34:22 It's not the first time they've seen it, but you're even more radiant than usual today.

01:34:29 Your hair looks amazing, it's healthy and shiny.

01:34:32 You can't help but think to yourself, "It has to be these awfully cold showers!"

01:34:37 And you're right, it is because of them.

01:34:40 As it turns out, cold water makes your hair stronger and closes the hair cuticles.

01:34:45 All this means your hair looks and is healthier than ever.

01:34:48 Hot showers can dry the skin on your head.

01:34:51 Steam isn't your friend either when it comes to the health of your hair.

01:34:55 As for cold water, it doesn't wash away natural oils from your hair.

01:34:59 These very oils are what gives it that shiny, healthy look you've got right now.

01:35:04 Your skin looks great too, and again, all thanks to cold showers.

01:35:08 One more thing you've come to notice with time is that you feel more energetic in the

01:35:12 morning.

01:35:13 That's because of how alert you become when cold water hits your skin.

01:35:18 It's as if you instantly gain some superpowers!

01:35:22 Instead of being sluggish for the first few hours of work, you're unusually productive.

01:35:27 You manage to finish your tasks faster than ever.

01:35:30 A report that used to take the whole morning is now ready in a few hours!

01:35:35 You've also been breathing better, and mornings have a different feel to them now.

01:35:39 A walk you take right after a cold shower has never felt so good.

01:35:44 It might also help that it's summer and mornings are pretty hot.

01:35:48 You go outside with your hair still a bit wet, and your body cooled down.

01:35:52 The sunshine is on your face, and you feel incredible!

01:35:56 When you're done with your walk, your hair is completely dry, and your body is warm again.

01:36:01 When it's time to go to work, you're alert and more than ready to face the day.

01:36:05 But why did you decide to take a cold shower every day for the entire month in the first

01:36:09 place?

01:36:10 It's like waking up and taking a dip in a freezing cold pool in the middle of the winter.

01:36:15 Well, things were too comfortable for you, and your routine was getting dull.

01:36:20 You woke up, turned off the alarm.

01:36:22 With your eyes still half-closed, you headed to your bathroom.

01:36:26 You showered, got into your car, arrived at the office.

01:36:29 That was it.

01:36:30 Taking freezing cold showers was a new way to keep things interesting and exciting.

01:36:35 And not only that.

01:36:36 Before you started your experiment, you noticed that your scale showed a couple of extra pounds.

01:36:42 Those weren't welcome.

01:36:43 Good thing cold showers have a way of helping with that too.

01:36:47 There are some fat cells in your body.

01:36:48 They're called brown fat.

01:36:50 These cells can help generate heat when you need it.

01:36:54 During a cold shower, your body definitely needs to warm up.

01:36:58 So the cells get to work burning fat to produce heat.

01:37:01 This is what helps you to lose weight.

01:37:05 Brown fat cells are usually stored around the neck and the shoulder areas.

01:37:08 And as luck would have it, these are exactly the places the water keeps hitting when you're

01:37:13 in the shower.

01:37:14 Another reason to start taking cold showers is that your immune system will become stronger.

01:37:19 Colds?

01:37:20 Nah, never heard of 'em.

01:37:23 Cold showers are quick too.

01:37:24 Obviously, you won't want to stay under this freezing water for too long.

01:37:28 So you'll probably take no more than 5 minutes to finish getting clean.

01:37:32 Maybe you're one of those people who jump in the shower and stay there for an hour.

01:37:36 Well, this month, your water bill might look much more appealing.

01:37:41 If after hearing all this, you can't wait to start an experiment of your own, here are

01:37:46 a few tips.

01:37:47 Close your eyes before going in.

01:37:49 Think to yourself, "It's just a shower, and it'll be over in no time."

01:37:55 You don't have to start with freezing water immediately.

01:37:58 You can make it lukewarm and then slowly turn it down.

01:38:01 Some might say this is cheating.

01:38:03 I say it's adaptation.

01:38:07 Control your breathing.

01:38:08 Take long breaths while you're in.

01:38:10 This will make the whole experience more tolerable.

01:38:13 When you get out of the shower, you'll feel great about yourself.

01:38:16 Grab a warm drink if your body is still shivering.

01:38:19 But you shouldn't take such a shower if you're already cold.

01:38:23 Then it'll have the opposite effect to what you want to achieve.

01:38:26 You might even end up getting sick.

01:38:28 So if you feel unwell, stick to a hot shower.

01:38:32 After all, it's what your body's used to.

01:38:34 A hot shower can open up your airways, and it means you'll breathe more freely and,

01:38:39 overall, feel better.

01:38:41 Now picture this.

01:38:42 You're still up at 1am, ready to go to bed.

01:38:45 You do your evening routine before hitting the sack.

01:38:48 And sooner rather than later, you're already relaxing under your bedsheets.

01:38:53 The clock starts ticking, and boom, it's already 2am, and you're rather alert.

01:38:58 Okay, this is it.

01:39:00 You put your phone away and close your eyes.

01:39:03 But a half an hour later, you're still staring at the ceiling wondering why you can't fall

01:39:08 asleep.

01:39:09 Well, here's a trick for you.

01:39:11 Get out of bed and go take a warm shower.

01:39:14 Chances are, an hour later at the most, you'll be asleep.

01:39:18 It won't be an instant remedy, but it can help.

01:39:20 You'll feel more relaxed as soon as hot water starts to hit your shoulders and back.

01:39:25 It'll help to reduce your body stress.

01:39:28 And when you finally leave the shower, your body will feel not only calm but also refreshed.

01:39:33 A warm shower also works great if you're having a headache.

01:39:37 And if you want to step it up a notch, take some essential oil for relaxation to set the

01:39:41 mood.

01:39:42 No matter in which direction you decide to turn the faucet, a shower will always have

01:39:47 its benefits.

01:39:48 Well, here's some facts you'll find hard to digest.

01:39:53 Your stomach has a pretty incredible capacity, being able to hold up to half a gallon of

01:39:59 liquids.

01:40:00 That's a whole large bottle of Coke!

01:40:03 It's pretty hard to estimate how much hard food you can eat because it's processed with

01:40:07 your teeth before it gets to your stomach.

01:40:10 There's definitely not enough room for a turkey, but a good-sized chicken would probably fit

01:40:14 in it.

01:40:17 If you were asked where your stomach was, you would probably point to your tummy.

01:40:21 Sorry, that's wrong.

01:40:23 It's actually up here, hidden in between your ribs.

01:40:28 Scientists believe that the appendix will disappear eventually.

01:40:31 Nobody really knows why we need it, but some researchers claim it might've existed to

01:40:36 help our ancestors digest tree bark.

01:40:40 Because it's no longer part of our daily diet, the appendix isn't necessary and can

01:40:44 disappear from our bodies without any consequences.

01:40:49 The appendix isn't the only obsolete part of our body.

01:40:52 Wisdom teeth aren't that useful either.

01:40:54 Yeah, they used to come in handy whenever our ancestors lost some of their teeth, but

01:40:59 the only thing they help us lose now is the money we spend extracting them.

01:41:05 Almost all of our body is covered with hairs, even if we don't notice them.

01:41:10 They grow even in the belly button.

01:41:12 Their purpose is to catch lint.

01:41:13 Check it out.

01:41:15 See?

01:41:17 Your liver acts as your own personal bodyguard, protecting you from toxins and many other

01:41:22 things you don't want hanging around in your body.

01:41:25 It's also pretty indestructible and can even regenerate.

01:41:31 Only about 43% of you is actually you.

01:41:34 Over 50% of the cells in your body belong to tiny little creatures that mainly live

01:41:39 in your gut.

01:41:40 Still, even though your own cells are fewer than microbial ones, there are, on average,

01:41:46 about 100 trillion of them in you.

01:41:49 See?

01:41:50 You're not alone.

01:41:52 With this in mind, your own genes are less than half of what you really consist of.

01:41:57 If you take all the microbes dwelling within your body and count their genes, you'll

01:42:01 find between 2 to 20 million.

01:42:06 If you sleep, it doesn't mean all of your body sleeps.

01:42:09 In fact, sometimes your brain has to work even harder when you're asleep.

01:42:14 It needs to process tons of information, and reports usually take a lot of time.

01:42:20 The nose definitely gets a good rest while you're sleeping.

01:42:24 Amazingly, your sense of smell basically deactivates at night.

01:42:28 You wouldn't even be bothered if there was a really terrible smell in your bedroom.

01:42:32 No comment.

01:42:34 The nose is probably one of the most underappreciated parts of the body.

01:42:39 We wouldn't even be able to enjoy eating without it.

01:42:42 About 80% of the taste of any food is thanks to the nose and its ability to recognize odors.

01:42:48 If you hold your nose while eating, you will taste almost nothing.

01:42:53 With no sense of smell, you're likely to recognize food mostly by texture.

01:42:57 So an onion might seem no different than a big refreshing apple.

01:43:02 Yeah, try that and leave me a comment on how that goes.

01:43:07 Scientists used to believe we could distinguish about 10,000 smells, but they were wrong.

01:43:12 Recent research showed that people are actually able to distinguish between more than a trillion

01:43:17 smells.

01:43:18 You can also remember them better than anything else, and smells can even evoke some distant

01:43:23 memories.

01:43:26 Your nose just doesn't help you breathe and catch odors.

01:43:29 It filters the air for sensitive throats and lungs.

01:43:32 If we inhale dry air, the nose moistens it, cools it, and heats it if it's necessary.

01:43:38 Also, the nose cleans the air of dirt.

01:43:42 When you age, your brain is gradually reducing in size.

01:43:46 By age 75, it's much smaller than at 30, and it starts shrinking by the age of 40.

01:43:53 It happens to everyone, and doesn't affect your mental strength in any way.

01:43:58 Our brain can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.

01:44:01 Don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity, not even the one you had

01:44:06 back in 2005.

01:44:08 That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.

01:44:12 Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.

01:44:15 You can get some information, but sooner or later, you run out of space.

01:44:20 To check your working memory capacity, try this test.

01:44:24 Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.

01:44:28 Most people recall 7 or fewer items from that list.

01:44:32 Your RAM, or working memory, is an essential thing that we need to perform almost any everyday

01:44:38 activity, including basic conversations, surfing the net, and even petting your dog.

01:44:45 Our strongest and emotional memories are often fake.

01:44:49 The central memory gives us the confidence to believe that we remember everything, even

01:44:53 though most of the details are made up in our heads.

01:44:58 Not only your brain shrinks as you get older, you too shrink dramatically.

01:45:03 The bones get more brittle, the backbone gets compressed.

01:45:06 A similar thing happens when you rest at night.

01:45:09 Your bones kinda relax too.

01:45:11 Because of this, you wake up taller in the mornings than you are at the end of the day.

01:45:17 Among mammals, only humans can walk on two legs for their entire lives.

01:45:22 You might think that kangaroos or gorillas move in the same way, but kangaroos use their

01:45:27 tail as a third leg, and gorillas use their long arms to keep balance.

01:45:34 Your bones take part in metabolism too.

01:45:37 Since they mostly consist of calcium, when there's not enough of this element in your

01:45:40 blood, bones start shedding it into the bloodstream, balancing your body.

01:45:45 The same reaction works in reverse too.

01:45:48 When there's too much calcium in your blood, it goes into the bones to be stored for later.

01:45:54 The only bone to have a sense of humor in your body is inside your upper arm.

01:45:59 That's why it's called the humerus.

01:46:01 Okay, I made that one up.

01:46:03 Moving along…

01:46:05 The only bones that never grow are found in our ears.

01:46:09 We can hear thanks to these tiny bones because they have adapted to transmit sound vibrations.

01:46:15 Doctors call them the oscular chain.

01:46:18 One of these hearing bones, the stapes, is the smallest bone in your entire body.

01:46:22 It's no larger than a grain of rice.

01:46:27 Our height, shape of our body, and skin color depend a lot on where our ancestors used to

01:46:32 live.

01:46:33 But we can adapt to new conditions even within our own lifespan.

01:46:37 For example, if you move from plains to the mountains, you'll eventually develop more

01:46:42 red blood cells to compensate for the lack of oxygen.

01:46:46 And naturally, if you move from a colder climate to a hotter and sunnier one, your skin will

01:46:51 get darker to adapt.

01:46:54 Our lifespan is programmed within our cells.

01:46:57 They constantly renew and divide, but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at

01:47:02 some point.

01:47:04 Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.

01:47:07 On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.

01:47:11 That means, if we could find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer, we could

01:47:16 potentially live forever.

01:47:20 Body fat isn't just a nuisance.

01:47:22 It acts as insulation material, energy reserve, and shock absorber.

01:47:27 Your body sends the most fat into your waist region because that's where your internal

01:47:31 organs are.

01:47:33 If something happens to you, this layer of fat might protect your vitals from irreparable

01:47:37 damage.

01:47:41 Your skull isn't a single bone.

01:47:43 It actually consists of 28 different bones, many of which are fused together to protect

01:47:48 your brain.

01:47:49 The mandible, or the lower jaw, is the only skull bone that isn't fixed to the bone around

01:47:54 it.

01:47:55 It's attached with connective tissues and muscles.

01:47:58 This is what makes it so mobile – you can move it in any direction you like.

01:48:02 You can actually masticate with your mandible – another word for chewing.

01:48:08 You see, the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms or legs – they're

01:48:12 in your head.

01:48:13 The masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing, and it needs to be the strongest

01:48:18 for you to eat normally.

01:48:20 And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?

01:48:23 Those are temporalis, located above your temples.

01:48:26 They also help you chew your food.

01:48:30 We've got two really fast muscles – they control the eyelid closing.

01:48:34 In fact, they're the fastest muscles in our body.

01:48:38 Eyes are fragile and need protection, so the reflex that protects them needs to be as fast

01:48:43 as lightning.

01:48:44 These muscles can shut the eyelids in less than a tenth of a second.

01:48:50 People with double-jointed thumbs can bend them backward.

01:48:53 It looks super unusual, and very few people can do it.

01:48:56 Still, it's totally okay.

01:48:58 Even though it looks painful, it actually doesn't hurt at all for someone with a double-jointed

01:49:03 thumb.

01:49:05 We recognize only purple-blue, green-yellow, and yellow-red colors.

01:49:10 Everything else is a combination of these three.

01:49:13 It's impossible to calculate how many of these combinations the human eye sees, because

01:49:18 every single person has slight vision differences.

01:49:22 But it's about 1 million combinations on average.

01:49:32 You see?

01:49:33 What's happening?

01:49:34 You were so tired, couldn't wait for your face to hit that fragrant pillow.

01:49:36 You could barely hold your head up at 9 PM.

01:49:39 Now you're just rolling around in bed, changing positions, everything so annoyingly sudden.

01:49:46 Is it better to cover your feet or leave them uncovered?

01:49:49 Should you sleep on your back, front, left, or right side?

01:49:53 Ah!

01:49:54 There's some moonlight coming through your window, so you take a peek at the other bed

01:49:58 in the room.

01:50:00 Your friend over there is sleeping so deeply.

01:50:02 Asleep after about a minute.

01:50:04 So unfair!

01:50:05 You're spending the night because tomorrow, you're both taking a small trip to a nearby

01:50:10 town.

01:50:11 Of course, you'll have to get up at 5 AM.

01:50:14 Yay!

01:50:15 Oh, and just look at the time now!

01:50:18 Why can't you fall asleep?

01:50:20 Why?

01:50:21 Well, last week, you and a couple of friends went camping in the woods.

01:50:26 And your struggles were similar.

01:50:27 You got very tired after a long day of carrying all your stuff, walking around, preparing

01:50:33 food, hours talking by the campfire.

01:50:36 Your eyes were half-closed.

01:50:38 You thought you'd fall asleep in seconds.

01:50:40 But then… nothing.

01:50:42 Eyes wide open, every little thing bothered you, and no sleeping position was right.

01:50:47 So I ask you, why?

01:50:50 The first-night effect, that's why.

01:50:52 That's what you call it when you have sleep struggles in a new place.

01:50:56 Sleep is a great thing, but evolution has made it a bit inconvenient for us from time

01:51:01 to time.

01:51:02 While sleeping, the brain actually shuts off for a couple of hours.

01:51:06 That leaves you pretty unprotected.

01:51:08 You can't spot any potential danger or defend yourself if something happens.

01:51:18 There are animals, like dolphins and whales, that developed a sleeping system where only

01:51:22 one part of their brain rests at a time.

01:51:25 The other part is awake and ready to roll.

01:51:28 We have a somewhat similar thing going on in our heads.

01:51:32 Not that there are any dangers in your friend's room.

01:51:35 So when you think about all that dust under the bed, who knows what's hiding under there?

01:51:41 We have certain instincts that showed up a long time ago, back when our ancestors lived

01:51:46 in caves and knew that if they slept like there was no tomorrow, there might not be.

01:51:52 That's why they also knew it wasn't safe to sleep outside their cave.

01:51:56 That's most of the reason behind this first-night effect thing.

01:52:00 If you sleep in your own bed, in a room you feel comfortable in, your brain is like "phew,

01:52:06 okay, you're safe now."

01:52:08 But if you go to a new place, nothing helps.

01:52:11 Not even a comfy bed, a silky pillow, or the fact that you're at your good friend's

01:52:16 place.

01:52:17 Your brain knows you're far away from your "cave," so it can't relax and let you

01:52:22 fully fall asleep.

01:52:24 It's a little bit like with dolphins.

01:52:26 One part of our brain is resting, but the other is carefully listening in case something

01:52:31 unpredictable happens.

01:52:33 Your brain won't bother you with this "half the brain is sleeping and half not" thing

01:52:36 forever.

01:52:38 When you spend two nights in a row in the same place, your brain is more likely to think

01:52:42 "phew, it's safe here after all."

01:52:45 Although that pile of dust still kinda worries me, and it'll probably let you fall asleep.

01:52:51 Now, the first-night effect is not that serious if you only experience it occasionally.

01:52:56 But if you change locations really often, you could spend most of your time tired, unproductive,

01:53:02 or facing some other issues.

01:53:05 Our brain has some patterns that evolution gave it, but luckily, it's also quite flexible.

01:53:11 You can trick it and help yourself overcome the first-night effect.

01:53:15 Since your brain is afraid of the fact that you're in an unknown space, you can make

01:53:19 it more familiar and show your brain everything's okay.

01:53:24 You might bring something you like with you.

01:53:26 Maybe your favorite pajamas, your pillow, that soft blanket you wouldn't change for

01:53:31 the world.

01:53:32 Do you usually drink warm milk before going to sleep?

01:53:35 Do the same thing at your new place.

01:53:38 Help your brain recognize it's time to relax.

01:53:41 Go to sleep at the same time you usually do.

01:53:44 Have some exercise rituals before bed?

01:53:46 Yeah, me neither, but whatever routine you have before going to sleep, do it at this

01:53:51 new place too.

01:53:53 If you're booking a room at a hotel, try to find one that has a bed similar to the

01:53:58 one you have at home.

01:53:59 If you usually sleep in a double bed, it may feel weird sprawled out in a king size.

01:54:05 Or just bring along your favorite pajamas, it's cheaper.

01:54:09 Nothing you do is guaranteed to help, but it's worth a shot.

01:54:12 Side note – don't you get annoyed when you meet someone who can just sleep anywhere?

01:54:18 It feels really, really great to lie down, tuck yourself under a warm pile of blankets,

01:54:24 and…

01:54:25 (yawn) Oops, sorry.

01:54:27 Anyway, sleep's important.

01:54:30 We literally need it to survive, just like we need food or water.

01:54:34 We spend around one-third of our life sleeping.

01:54:37 Scientists still don't know all the reasons why we sleep, but here's what they've

01:54:41 got so far.

01:54:42 We sleep to store energy.

01:54:44 Eight hours of good sleep can produce enough energy for us to have an energetic, productive

01:54:49 day.

01:54:50 Our body needs to restore itself while sleeping.

01:54:53 Hair and nails grow, muscles repair themselves.

01:54:57 All that and more happens while you sleep, no effort needed.

01:55:01 Then there's brain function.

01:55:03 If you put a book under your pillow during the night hoping your brain will somehow read

01:55:07 it and be prepared for tomorrow's final… not gonna happen.

01:55:12 But if you study hard and take in a lot of facts, a good night's sleep can definitely

01:55:17 help you remember everything.

01:55:19 A brown bat sleeps almost 20 hours a day, while a giraffe only sleeps a tiny bit, usually

01:55:26 in mini 5-minute power naps.

01:55:28 That poor giraffe doesn't know what it's missing.

01:55:31 Cats definitely know how to enjoy life – they spend two-thirds of their life sleeping.

01:55:37 Randy Gardner set the record for the longest period without sleep in 1964.

01:55:42 He was 17 when he stayed awake for 11 days, or 264 hours.

01:55:47 Do not try this at home.

01:55:49 Or anywhere.

01:55:51 Peter Powers decided to set the opposite record and stayed asleep for 8 days straight.

01:55:56 That's awesome.

01:55:57 How come he didn't have to get up to use the bathroom?

01:56:01 If you lie down in bed and fall asleep almost immediately, that means you're really, really

01:56:06 tired and sleep-deprived.

01:56:07 Ideally, it should take you around 10-15 minutes to fall asleep.

01:56:13 There are two specific times each day we feel really tired – 2am and 2pm.

01:56:19 That's when we feel like taking a nap after lunch, instead of getting on with our work.

01:56:24 Show this video to your boss next time you're caught snoring in the office after your lunch

01:56:29 break.

01:56:30 We're actually the only mammals that delay sleep on purpose.

01:56:34 And obviously the least cool mammals ever.

01:56:38 Back in the day, only 15% of people dreamt in color.

01:56:42 Now 75% of us do that.

01:56:45 Some folks think it's because our TVs are in color nowadays.

01:56:49 Speaking of, we spend around 2 hours in dreamland every night.

01:56:53 But if you want to remember your dreams, you should write them down right after you wake

01:56:58 up.

01:56:59 Wait too long, and you'll forget all those awesome superpowers you had.

01:57:04 Over the course of an average night, you might change sleeping positions around 20 times.

01:57:09 Your favored position can say a lot about your character.

01:57:13 Lying on your back with your arms up by the pillow is called the starfish position.

01:57:19 This type of sleeper tends to be a good listener and a selfless person who likes to help others.

01:57:24 Also, this sleeper might let their guard down more easily.

01:57:28 Then there's the free-faller position, where you're on your stomach with your hands up

01:57:33 by the pillow and your head turned to the side.

01:57:36 Some say these sleepers don't take criticism well and tend to be pretty direct.

01:57:41 Finally, the yearner is when you lie on your side with both of your arms stretched out

01:57:46 in front of you.

01:57:47 This type of sleeper is a bit complex, but also very open-minded.

01:57:52 They're slow to make a decision, but they stick to it once it's made.

01:57:56 Now the kind and style of the jammies you wear to bed also says a lot, but we'll save

01:58:02 that one for another video!

01:58:05 Ok, yes, it's possible to rotate your eyes, but you can't do it without some practice.

01:58:13 Our eyes have 4 major muscles that allow them to move up and down and side to side.

01:58:18 There are actually 2 more muscles that we use without knowing as well.

01:58:22 These muscles help you roll or rotate your eyes.

01:58:25 We can focus on something rotating, and our eyes will start rotating with it.

01:58:30 This helps us have a stable image and keep a clear vision, like an autofocus on a camera.

01:58:35 When you move your head side to side and up and down, your eyes will move in the opposite

01:58:41 direction.

01:58:42 The average human eye has 3 cones, which lets us see red, green, and blue spectrums of light.

01:58:48 All combined, this gives us the ability to see around a million different colors.

01:58:53 Tectochromats see the ultraviolet shades as well, as they've got 4 cones in their eyes.

01:58:59 Pause here to quickly test how many colors you can count.

01:59:07 There were 39 colors there.

01:59:09 If you counted a lot, you might be a tectochromat.

01:59:14 Some animals, like bats and dolphins, can see using echolocation.

01:59:19 There are also humans that can do something similar called flash sonar.

01:59:23 They can use clicking sounds to make a 3D image of an area in their minds, allowing

01:59:27 them to easily navigate through it.

01:59:29 The more they click, the more flashes they get about a room or an area, giving them a

01:59:34 better understanding of the place.

01:59:36 Being pitch-perfect is astonishingly rare – less than 1 in 10,000 people have it.

01:59:42 It allows people to accurately identify musical notes of all kinds.

01:59:47 One of the many advantages of this talent is that it allows people to listen to a song

01:59:51 and immediately know what key it's in.

01:59:53 Hey, without music, life would be flat!

01:59:57 People with dystichiasis are born with a second set of eyelashes that grow from the inner

02:00:02 layer of the eyelid.

02:00:03 While it may look pretty to some, these extra lashes can irritate the eye and cause problems

02:00:08 like sensitivity to light, droopy eyelids, tearing, and inflammation.

02:00:13 There are a few ways to treat the condition, like soft contacts, lasers, and cryotherapy.

02:00:18 Dutch health guru Wim Hof claims that his breathing, meditation, and training have helped

02:00:23 him gain all kinds of superhuman abilities.

02:00:26 He's trained his body to adapt to extreme temperatures and even learned how to raise

02:00:31 his own body temperature.

02:00:32 He's also been able to adapt more quickly to altitude changes.

02:00:36 He has even claimed that his training methods and strict diet and exercise regimen have

02:00:40 improved his immune system.

02:00:44 Now we're meant to get anywhere from 7 to 8 hours of sleep every night to function the

02:00:48 next day.

02:00:49 But there are some lucky people out there that only need 6 hours or less a night.

02:00:54 This is caused by a genetic anomaly, and there don't seem to be any adverse effects from

02:00:58 having it.

02:01:00 We have about 10,000 taste buds.

02:01:02 But some people have many more than that – supertasters!

02:01:06 Thanks to their powerful ability to taste sweet things like oranges, strawberries, and

02:01:10 candy are almost too sweet, while bitter things like broccoli, cabbage, spinach, grapefruit,

02:01:15 and coffee are overpowering.

02:01:17 Well, thanks anyway, but I'll keep what I have.

02:01:22 Most people have a total of 24 ribs.

02:01:24 No, not at the restaurant.

02:01:26 In your body!

02:01:27 There's a chance you might be one of the few that has 25 ribs instead.

02:01:33 About 1 in 200 people have a cervical rib, a spare rib just above the first rib.

02:01:38 It's usually not even noticed because it's above the collarbone and pretty thin.

02:01:42 "Hey, when's lunch?

02:01:44 I got hungry for some reason."

02:01:46 Chances are you have an innie belly button.

02:01:48 That's because only about 10% of the world's population have an outie, making it pretty

02:01:53 rare.

02:01:54 It has nothing to do with how our umbilical cord is cut.

02:01:58 Our belly button stores a bit of fat beneath it, and it's this that determines what kind

02:02:03 of belly button you'll end up with.

02:02:05 So don't blame the doctor – the type you have is completely down to genetics.

02:02:10 If you've ever experienced high altitude, you should know how hard it is on your body.

02:02:15 Even just walking up a hill can be a difficult task.

02:02:18 Give it a few days, though, and things will become easier.

02:02:21 Your lungs, blood cells, and body will adapt quicker than you think, letting you hold on

02:02:25 to that precious oxygen for longer.

02:02:28 This adaptation will last for as long as you stay up high, and you'll go back to normal

02:02:32 after a while back at normal altitude.

02:02:35 When we submerge ourselves in water, it causes our heart rate to drop and oxygen consumption

02:02:40 to slow.

02:02:41 In recent years, freedivers have pushed the limits of human lungs by going down a record

02:02:47 of 700 feet.

02:02:49 One person held his breath for more than 22 minutes underwater.

02:02:52 We don't know what the limits are yet, but people are testing the boundaries.

02:02:57 When a person has a photographic memory or total recall, this is called eidetic memory.

02:03:03 It's the ability to accurately recall sounds, images, or other things from your memory.

02:03:08 One can even be told a date in a calendar from years ago and tell you what day it actually

02:03:13 was.

02:03:14 Unfortunately, you can't get an eidetic memory with practice.

02:03:17 You have to be born with it.

02:03:19 An ultra-marathon runner named Dean Karnazes once ran for 350 consecutive miles and didn't

02:03:26 even sleep for 3 days.

02:03:28 He's most famous for running 50 marathons in all 50 US states in 50 consecutive days.

02:03:34 He finished this achievement off by completing the New York Marathon in only 3 hours.

02:03:40 Some people have an incredible ability to find their way without using a compass or

02:03:44 even the stars.

02:03:46 This unique navigational ability has been linked to the strength of the signals given

02:03:50 off in a certain part of the brain called the entorhinal region.

02:03:55 Place the back of your wrist and forearm on a table, then squeeze your thumb and pinky

02:03:59 together.

02:04:00 Do you see a muscle raise up in the middle of your forearm?

02:04:03 If you don't, don't worry – it's vestigial.

02:04:06 That means that it doesn't do anything useful anymore.

02:04:09 Hey wait, that's me.

02:04:11 It's an old muscle that we used to use for climbing, and around 10% of the human population

02:04:16 doesn't even have it anymore.

02:04:18 If you can wiggle your ears, you can thank your auricular muscles.

02:04:22 Those are the ones on the outside of your ear.

02:04:25 Even if you can't wiggle your ears, the muscles are still there.

02:04:28 Compared to other mammals, our ears can't move much.

02:04:31 Some mammals can even fully turn their ears to locate sounds.

02:04:35 Just watch your dog or cat.

02:04:37 A dog's third eyelid might be a bit creepy the first time you see it, but we also have

02:04:42 a third eyelid of sorts.

02:04:45 But this human body part can't move by itself – it just covers a tiny part of the inside

02:04:49 corner of your eye.

02:04:51 It's likely that it used to serve a purpose, but it's pretty much useless now.

02:04:56 Sometimes you just need a really good cry.

02:04:59 It's also good for you too.

02:05:01 Shedding tears when you cry helps release your stress hormones.

02:05:05 It can also stimulate the production of endorphins as well – our body's natural answer to

02:05:09 aspirin.

02:05:11 Your brain replaces itself every two months, your liver every six weeks, your epidermis

02:05:16 or just skin every month.

02:05:19 Even your stomach lining replaces itself every few days.

02:05:22 If your body didn't do this, the acids inside of your stomach wouldn't just digest food,

02:05:27 they'd also start digesting you.

02:05:29 So alright, what's eating you?

02:05:32 Oh, you!

02:05:34 The human lungs contain around 1,500 miles of airways and a total surface area of about

02:05:39 754 square feet when laid flat.

02:05:43 But I would suggest that you don't do that.

02:05:45 Your lungs are on the clock 24/7, keeping you alive and breathing, taking 12 to 15 breaths

02:05:51 a minute or about 17,000 a day.

02:05:55 Your left lung is slightly smaller than your right lung to make room for your big heart.

02:06:00 After years of wear and tear, your feet may weaken enough that they seem to grow.

02:06:05 This can cause our arches to flatten, meaning broader and longer feet eventually.

02:06:10 It won't happen to everyone, but people who get swollen feet or ankles are more prone.

02:06:15 If it does happen to you, you've got time.

02:06:17 By age 70 or 80, your feet would've only gone up one size.

02:06:22 Taste is influenced a lot by the temperature of what you're eating or drinking.

02:06:26 For example, hot coffee seems less bitter and tastes much better because the heat tricks

02:06:31 our bitter-detecting taste buds.

02:06:33 The same goes for cold coffee too.

02:06:36 The cold masks the bitterness flavor and creates a more pleasant aftertaste.

02:06:41 Room temperature coffee doesn't smell the same or taste nice because the bitterness

02:06:45 comes on more strongly.

02:06:47 Brushing your teeth too aggressively is very possible, and it's not good for your teeth

02:06:51 at all.

02:06:52 It'll wear down the enamel and make them sensitive to hot and cold foods.

02:06:57 Teeth don't repair themselves, so you gotta take care of 'em.

02:07:00 Slow down your brushing and take a full 2 minutes to get your teeth properly cleaned.

02:07:05 Um, don't forget the floss, did I?

02:07:09 That's it for today!

02:07:10 So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your

02:07:14 friends!

02:07:15 Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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