These Facts Will Melt Your Brain in the Best Way Possible

  • 4 months ago
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Transcript
00:00:00 You think your bedroom is empty, but there's something hidden inside.
00:00:04 Secretly, a bed bug is resting.
00:00:07 While inactive during the day, their keen instincts identify the moment you've gone to bed.
00:00:12 As you breathe deeply, you emit large amounts of carbon dioxide.
00:00:16 This lures the bed bugs out like a dinner bell.
00:00:20 This insect holds no other purpose than contaminating your home.
00:00:24 Without predators and with an uncontested food supply in your bed,
00:00:28 it leads a very peaceful life.
00:00:31 They're incredibly hardy, able to live within any area that humans journey to.
00:00:36 They're capable of hitchhiking on human luggage and riding along to public places like theaters, hospitals, schools, and hotels.
00:00:44 The length of the journey doesn't bother them, as they can survive a whole year without food.
00:00:49 Don't bother attempting to catch them.
00:00:52 As small as they are at a quarter inch, they're also very fast and easily find new places to hide.
00:00:57 The only method is through pesticides.
00:01:00 But as a testament to their resistance, pest controllers must constantly modify the strength of their substance.
00:01:06 Bed bugs produce their own detoxifying enzymes which protect them.
00:01:10 And with each generation, they become even more resilient.
00:01:15 A study in 2008 compared bed bugs of that time to a generation from 30 years earlier.
00:01:21 The older generation required only 0.3 nanograms of substance to remove them.
00:01:26 However, the newer group required up to 10,000.
00:01:30 More important is to remove their eggs.
00:01:33 A female bug lays them every single night, and throughout their lifetime of 6 months, they can lay up to 500.
00:01:40 You walk around the kitchen and you notice a couple of ants walking around.
00:01:44 It's spring, and at this time of year, they prefer protein-based foods.
00:01:49 Later in summer, their diet will involve sweeter and oily meals.
00:01:53 These couple of ants are only scouts, trying to locate new sources of food.
00:01:58 The smell of a dirty kitchen and a full bin have attracted them here.
00:02:02 Once they've found their objective, they will mark their journey with a pheromone leading to their nest,
00:02:07 informing the entire colony of the buffet they located.
00:02:11 The nest of the colony could be as small as a dinner plate with 1,000 ants,
00:02:16 or as large as 2 meters with up to 100,000 inhabitants.
00:02:20 There are also some cases of supercolonies that combine more than one nest.
00:02:25 The largest one found covers over 3 countries, Italy, France, and Spain.
00:02:31 Over 3,700 miles, it's estimated that this supercolony has millions of nests with billions of ants.
00:02:39 So, understanding the risk of a lot of ants entering your home,
00:02:43 you can easily remove the scouts' tracks by mixing 1 parts vinegar and 3 parts water into a spray bottle.
00:02:49 Then spray it over the floor. The vinegar removes the scented trail.
00:02:53 The risk isn't just sharing your home with thousands of new housemates.
00:02:57 With a steady food source available, they might make a nest within the walls and floors.
00:03:02 They will weaken your foundations, making it even harder to remove the ants.
00:03:07 Another pest that has a taste for the sweeter delicacies within the trash bin is the cockroach.
00:03:13 They can only survive a week without water, so you'll find them in humid areas, mainly in basements.
00:03:19 But they are capable of living up to a month without food,
00:03:23 resourcefully eating to avoid the risk of being caught in the act.
00:03:27 They gained these evolutionary traits over 280 million years ago.
00:03:32 Clearly, they've been a nuisance for a long time.
00:03:35 You see one in your kitchen. It quickly evades capture, running up to 3 miles per hour.
00:03:40 You chase it down into your basement and it quickly hides away, somewhere in the cracks of the wall.
00:03:45 In here, the roach mother will lay up to 50 eggs.
00:03:49 And when they hatch, the young ones are impossible to find as they're the size of a speck of dust.
00:03:55 But with only 36 days until they grow into an adult, you need to get rid of them as soon as possible.
00:04:01 It's another resilient bug that resists pesticides.
00:04:05 It's easier to deter them completely by keeping the kitchen clean and using citrus-based products.
00:04:11 Although they smell great, the roaches can't stand them.
00:04:15 But if you already have an infestation on your hands, chop up some onions and sprinkle them with baking soda.
00:04:21 As the roaches feed on the onion, they also unknowingly ingest the soda.
00:04:25 It reacts with the stomach's liquid and expands, causing it to burst.
00:04:31 Unpacking a box and surprised to see some silverfish inside of it.
00:04:35 It's a popular place for them, providing shelter and a comfortable way to travel.
00:04:41 Paper, cardboard, and the high starch and sugar content, providing them with an endless food source.
00:04:48 They are incredibly elusive and can lay dormant for long periods, so it only appears that you don't have any in your home.
00:04:55 They're harmless to humans but can damage clothing and contaminate food.
00:04:59 You'll want to find a way to remove them as they lay up to three eggs per day and can live for eight years.
00:05:05 And as their numbers grow, predatory bugs will soon follow.
00:05:09 Centipedes are attracted to houses with silverfish.
00:05:13 As the centipede quickly follows the migration of silverfish, it also prefers the same humid environment of your basement.
00:05:20 Centipedes are prone to dehydration, partly due to their impressive speed of 1.3 feet per second.
00:05:28 But as they run out of silverfish to eat, they rudely refuse to leave.
00:05:32 There is a positive side to this as they then go on to remove other annoying pests, including roaches, moths, dangerous spiders, and even bed bugs.
00:05:41 While also trying to be as respectful as possible in your home, carefully grooming their 15 pairs of legs after each meal.
00:05:48 But if you find their creepy appearance too much, removing the buffet of other pests will influence them to move on.
00:05:55 Thyme is a great natural deterrent for both the centipede and its prey.
00:06:00 Planting it around your home will provide an invisible force field.
00:06:04 Slightly pinching the leaves will release the chemical within.
00:06:08 But although bugs in your home are mostly pests, some can actually be helpful.
00:06:13 If you're in Australia, it's common to find a huntsman spider inside your home.
00:06:18 These guys are quite large and it may appear scary, but they're here to help.
00:06:22 Trust me, they're capable of living for two and a half years.
00:06:26 Some people even consider them to be a pet.
00:06:29 Peacefully sleeping during the day, high on your wall in clear view, letting you know they're there for you, while out of reach causing you no harm.
00:06:37 And as you go to bed at night, they provide their part of the rent.
00:06:41 They get to work removing all the pesky bugs in your house.
00:06:45 As the huntsman moves towards your basement, it slowly tracks its unsuspecting prey, hiding within the shadows of your basement.
00:06:53 The huntsman has decided that on today's menu is the cockroach, one of its favorites.
00:06:59 The roach awakes once it's cleared, knowing you've gone to bed.
00:07:02 Then, it struts towards the stairs full of confidence, hoping to find some of that sweet trash juice.
00:07:09 But along its path, the huntsman waits.
00:07:12 It's an ambush!
00:07:13 The roach walks right into it, and the huntsman lunges out from its hiding spot.
00:07:17 The roach is spooked and tries to get away, but the huntsman is one of the fastest spiders in the world, and within moments, it shows the meaning behind the name "huntsman".
00:07:26 The huntsman is incredibly passive towards people and just loves to be in your house.
00:07:31 If you try to remove them, they will flee and hide.
00:07:34 They're only aggressive if you force them into a corner.
00:07:37 All they want to do is be part of the family and be your exterminator, free of charge.
00:07:43 If you're unlucky and don't have one of these great housemates, you may want to introduce one from the wild.
00:07:48 But before going out and catching one, keep in mind there are 100 different species within Australia.
00:07:54 They vary in size and behavior, and some are a bit more social than others.
00:08:00 The "social huntsman" prefers to live within communities of up to 150, an extended family that hunts together and shares their food.
00:08:08 So be cautious about which ones you decide to bring into your home.
00:08:13 When astronauts come back to Earth from space, they're usually a couple of inches taller than they were before leaving our planet.
00:08:21 Your body acts in an unusual way when you free it from gravity.
00:08:25 Without your entire weight that compresses the cartilage in your spine and joints, your body gets a bit longer in zero-gravity conditions.
00:08:33 But this doesn't last forever. The effect goes away after some time.
00:08:38 A similar thing happens on Earth, too.
00:08:41 When you lie down for a good night's sleep, you get a bit taller, no more than 0.4 inches, but still.
00:08:47 That's why you're taller in the morning than you are at the end of the day.
00:08:52 There's a weird-looking mushroom, with teeth, that looks as if it's bleeding.
00:08:57 No wonder it's called the "bleeding tooth fungus."
00:09:00 There are also creepy tooth-like spines under its cap.
00:09:03 The mushroom isn't very delicious. It tastes like a very bitter pepper.
00:09:09 The world's tallest tropical tree reaches 330 feet and weighs more than 180,000 pounds,
00:09:17 which is about the weight of the average passenger airplane.
00:09:21 It grows on the island of Borneo in Malaysia.
00:09:24 The view from the top of this tree is astonishing.
00:09:27 That's something a local climber discovered when he scaled the tree to measure it properly.
00:09:32 It seems that the oldest known star might be older than the universe itself.
00:09:37 It's called Methuselah, and it's located 190 light-years away from our planet, in the constellation of Libra.
00:09:45 Analyzing the formation about its brightness, size, structure and composition,
00:09:50 scientists realized the star was probably about 14.5 billion years old.
00:09:56 There could be 800 million years of difference between the real age of the star and the age their research showed.
00:10:03 But if the star is really older than the universe,
00:10:06 it might mean that the Big Bang could not be the moment when it all started.
00:10:11 The smallest mammal in the world is this tiny, cute animal called the bumblebee bat.
00:10:17 Its nose has a pig-like snout, and it has tiny, barely visible eyes.
00:10:22 These creatures only grow to be over an inch long, with a wingspan of about 7 inches.
00:10:28 Your nose, toes, hands and many other body parts can freeze,
00:10:33 but eyeballs easily deal with the cold, even if you leave them completely unprotected.
00:10:38 When people put on goggles or glasses, it's mostly to protect their eyes from wind or snow glare,
00:10:44 not from the cold, no matter how low temperatures are.
00:10:48 The thing is that unlike other parts of your body, your eyes get supplies of warm blood at all times,
00:10:54 even in the coldest surroundings.
00:10:56 They are filled with many blood vessels that constantly heat them up.
00:11:00 Also, they're placed deep in your head, where fat, tissue and bones help keep them warm.
00:11:06 It's almost impossible for the eyes to freeze as long as the rest of the body functions.
00:11:11 There are three reasons why curly hair is, well, curly.
00:11:15 First, the follicle from which the curly strand of hair grows has an oval shape,
00:11:20 unlike the circular follicle that produces straight hair.
00:11:24 Number two, a curly hair strand exits the surface of the skin at more of an angle if you compare it to a straight hair,
00:11:31 which makes it curve as it grows.
00:11:33 And finally, the shape of curly hair helps form the chemical bonds between protein molecules in a single strand,
00:11:40 which makes the hair even curlier.
00:11:43 The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa is tilted because of the soft soil under the building's base.
00:11:48 It was probably frustrating for the people who constructed it,
00:11:51 but the soft soil was also partially something that could protect the tower from potential earthquakes.
00:11:57 Because of the soil and its height, the tower doesn't resonate with earthquake vibrations,
00:12:02 so the reason why the tower is tilted is also the same reason why it's still standing.
00:12:09 Giant squids have the biggest eyes you can find on Earth.
00:12:12 They are 11 inches across, which is larger than a dinner plate.
00:12:16 The lens is as big as an orange.
00:12:19 Giant squids' eyeballs are filled with water.
00:12:22 Giant squids are pretty big and can grow up to 43 feet.
00:12:27 Are you a fan of chocolate but would like to start eating healthier and replace it with fruit?
00:12:31 Then you'll be happy to know there's a fruit that tastes similar to chocolate pudding.
00:12:35 It's called black sapote.
00:12:37 It's a species of persimmon native to South and Central America.
00:12:41 When the fruit is ripe, munching on it is like eating sweet custard with a hint of chocolate.
00:12:47 When you find an old book or newspaper, you're likely to see that the paper has turned yellow.
00:12:52 Paper is made from wood, which mostly consists of white cellulose.
00:12:57 Wood contains lignin, too.
00:13:00 That's a dark substance that also ends up in the paper.
00:13:03 Together with the cellulose, lignin is like a glue that binds the cellulose together,
00:13:07 making trees stand upright and generally makes wood stiff.
00:13:12 When you expose lignin to sunlight and air, paper turns yellow.
00:13:16 Light travels way faster than sound waves.
00:13:19 The speed of light is the maximum speed at which some information can travel from one place to another.
00:13:25 Light travels through a vacuum at speed nothing can really beat,
00:13:29 especially not sound, which doesn't even exist in a vacuum.
00:13:33 When museums don't allow you to take pictures,
00:13:35 they're mostly concerned that the camera flashes can ruin paintings and damage their pigments.
00:13:40 Some pigments are more sensitive to light.
00:13:43 That means that chemical reactions that break pigments down speed up when these pigments get exposed to light.
00:13:49 That's why the lighting in galleries and museums is so carefully controlled.
00:13:54 At the same time, there's no evidence modern camera phones can cause any damage to paintings.
00:14:00 After all, they're more advanced than they used to be.
00:14:03 They use red lights inside submarines because human eyes are less sensitive to longer wavelengths.
00:14:10 Submarines switch to red light when it's too dark outside,
00:14:14 and crew members need to go on watch duty or use the periscope.
00:14:18 The red light helps them to adjust their vision.
00:14:21 The same technology is used in planetariums, some movie theaters, airport control towers.
00:14:27 They all use red light to make it easier for viewers to adjust from light to dark.
00:14:33 Moths simply can't help themselves.
00:14:35 Light attracts them, which in most cases ends up fatally.
00:14:39 But no one is sure why it happens.
00:14:42 Certain kinds of moths use natural light to orient themselves when it's dark outside.
00:14:47 Another theory says moths head towards the light to run away from bigger animals chasing them.
00:14:53 Once they're too close to a bright light, they most likely get blinded and can't figure out their position.
00:14:59 Also, they might get confused by an optical illusion
00:15:02 that make it look as if there are safe, dark areas next to the light's edge.
00:15:07 One more theory says male moths mistake the scent and heat of candles for females.
00:15:13 Tree rings can tell you how old a tree is.
00:15:17 But these rings also get whiter during wet periods,
00:15:20 which is how they can inform you about the weather conditions in a given year.
00:15:24 When the rings are thicker, it means the year was mostly raining,
00:15:29 and when they're thin, you know the period was dry.
00:15:32 When you're in cold water, it feels much worse than when you're exposed to air of the same temperature.
00:15:38 All because it takes more energy to raise the temperature of water than air.
00:15:43 So, the layer of water that surrounds your body heats up pretty slowly,
00:15:47 and the temperature difference between your body and the water remains pretty big.
00:15:51 That's why the rate of heat loss stays high.
00:15:54 Neoprene wetsuits divers wear can keep you relatively warm when you're in the water.
00:15:59 Their pores are fine enough to hold the water surrounding you relatively still.
00:16:04 The sky is blue because sunlight gets scattered after it strikes the molecules of air in the planet's atmosphere.
00:16:11 As for sunlight, it consists of all the colors of the rainbow.
00:16:15 You can't recall a memory all by itself.
00:16:18 When you're trying to think of one detail, like the color of the T-shirt your friend was wearing the other week,
00:16:24 you'll remember some other details too.
00:16:26 For example, the place where you saw him, things you were talking about.
00:16:30 The hippocampus is the part of your brain that stores memories.
00:16:34 It usually packs them together, including multiple small details.
00:16:39 On average, taste buds last 10 days, clusters of sensory cells in your tongue.
00:16:45 The buds that are closer to the surface are more short-lived.
00:16:48 That's the reason you don't have to wait for too long to be able to taste again after burning your tongue.
00:16:54 One theory says deja vu is some sort of a brain processing lag.
00:16:59 Scientists think it might happen when your brain is transferring information from one side to the other,
00:17:04 and there's a split-second delay in that process.
00:17:07 That means that your brain gets the same information twice and processes it as the event that happened before.
00:17:14 Only 30% of people can flare their nostrils, and one-third can bend their thumb backward.
00:17:21 Some people can produce a roaring noise in their heads.
00:17:25 All they have to do is tense their ears or jaws.
00:17:29 There's a small muscle in the ear. It dampens loud sounds, like when you're chewing.
00:17:34 But some people can flex that muscle, and that creates an audible rumble.
00:17:39 Your fingertips are sensitive, but hundreds of times less so than your lips.
00:17:45 You inhale lots of different types of debris, including 700,000 of your own skin flakes, and that's only in a day.
00:17:53 A hypnic jerk is a twitch you can experience when falling asleep.
00:17:59 It's an abrupt muscle movement that comes during the non-REM sleep phase.
00:18:03 It can create an illusion of falling.
00:18:06 One of the theories is that, when you're dozing off,
00:18:09 your brain sees the relaxing of your muscles as a sign you're in trouble and really falling,
00:18:14 so it sends signals to the muscles to protect you by tensing up.
00:18:18 Synesthesia is a special and rare ability where people can taste music or hear colors.
00:18:25 Only one in every 2,000 people has it.
00:18:29 For some people, cilantro may taste similar to soap because the plant contains a chemical used in soap making.
00:18:36 But only 4 to 14% of the world's population have special genes that can detect it.
00:18:42 18% of people can move both ears at the same time, while 22% can move one ear at once.
00:18:50 People who do it use weak vestigial muscles we got from the ancestor humans, who had this in common with cats.
00:18:58 Bruises change their color over time.
00:19:00 A bruise appears because there's bleeding under the skin.
00:19:03 Tiny blood vessels get crushed, and some blood gets trapped in there.
00:19:07 In the beginning, a bruise is red because the blood is rich in oxygen, but then it turns purple, green, yellow,
00:19:14 or even gray when the levels of oxygen drop.
00:19:18 Sweat doesn't smell itself.
00:19:20 The unpleasant odor is caused by bacteria on your skin.
00:19:24 When sweat comes out of the pores on your body, the bacteria breaks it down into acids.
00:19:29 What most deodorants actually do is get rid of the bacteria on your skin.
00:19:34 People used to dream in black and white much more than today.
00:19:37 That's because they watched black and white TV.
00:19:41 Blue cheese is another thing that affects your dreams and makes them more vivid.
00:19:46 Eggshells might be used for growing new human bones.
00:19:49 Chicken eggshells contain calcium carbonate, which is something you also have in your bones.
00:19:56 The food on the plane is likely to taste different than on the ground.
00:19:59 That's because you lose up to 30% of your tastebud sensitivity due to the dryness and pressure in the cabin.
00:20:05 It's especially true about salty and sweet foods.
00:20:09 Your nostrils don't work with the same efficiency all the time.
00:20:13 When you breathe, one nostril does most of the work, and they switch every couple of hours.
00:20:18 You wouldn't be able to taste food without saliva.
00:20:21 Your taste buds have chemoreceptors that recognize different flavors,
00:20:25 but they need some liquid for those flavors to bind into their molecules.
00:20:29 Also, you can't taste things saliva doesn't dissolve.
00:20:33 The brain can't actually feel pain.
00:20:36 It does have a pain center, but it doesn't have pain receptors itself.
00:20:40 When your head hurts, you can feel it because of the nerves, tissues, and blood vessels around your brain.
00:20:47 A single human hair can support 3.5 ounces of weight.
00:20:51 That's how much two candy bars weigh.
00:20:54 Toenails grow almost four times more slowly than fingernails that get more exposure, and are used more frequently.
00:21:02 There must be at least some photos where you have red eyes.
00:21:05 When the camera's flash goes off, your eyes aren't prepared for such an influx of light.
00:21:10 Your pupils remain dilated, which is why the light gets reflected off the red blood vessels of the choroid.
00:21:16 This is a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that nourishes your retina.
00:21:20 The right lung is bigger than the left one because your body needs to make some room for the heart.
00:21:26 Your teeth are the only part of your body that can heal itself.
00:21:30 The masseter is the strongest muscle you have, based on its weight.
00:21:35 Together with the rest of the raw muscles, it can close your teeth with a force of 200 pounds on the molars,
00:21:41 and 55 pounds on the incisors.
00:21:44 Onions produce a special chemical irritant.
00:21:48 It stimulates special glands in your eyes, causing them to release tears.
00:21:53 Your nose can memorize up to 50,000 different scents and detect more than one trillion of odors.
00:22:00 We all have our unique smell, except for identical twins.
00:22:04 This smell is partly determined by genetics, but it also depends on your diet, hygiene, and the environment.
00:22:11 Eating snow is not the best way to stay hydrated.
00:22:14 Your body needs too much energy to turn it into water.
00:22:18 Snow can provide a bit of hydration, but it'll also lower the temperature of your body,
00:22:23 which isn't the best scenario if you're trying to survive harsh winter conditions.
00:22:28 You burn somewhere between 100 and 200 calories per hour while standing.
00:22:33 Sitting burns 60 to 130 calories, depending on your height, weight, gender, and age.
00:22:40 Brain freeze is an annoying ice cream headache.
00:22:44 That's how your brain tells you to slow down and maybe stop eating something that's so cold.
00:22:49 The main purpose of eyelashes is to shield your eyes and protect them from sand, moisture, dust, and debris in the air.
00:22:56 Your eyelashes sense when something comes up too close to your eyes, like an insect flying toward you, and trigger your blink reflex.
00:23:04 Blinking also helps when you need to flush out some tiny particles or debris stuck in your punk dot.
00:23:09 Those are small openings you have in your eyelids. That's where the tears get pumped out.
00:23:15 Your eyebrows stop sweat from running directly into your eyes.
00:23:19 Your skin there, and the shape of your bones also work together to direct the sweat toward the sides of your face.
00:23:25 We're not the fastest, strongest, or biggest in the animal kingdom, but we're the best at long-distance running.
00:23:32 That's because we have long legs, and our bodies can lose excess heat through sweating.
00:23:37 Even long ago, our ancestors hunted animals by chasing them for long periods of time.
00:23:42 Eventually, it wore smaller creatures out.
00:23:46 Five basic senses are taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell.
00:23:51 But people have more senses than that.
00:23:54 Proprioception is when your body is aware of its parts and their position, even if you don't see them.
00:23:59 Like if your arm is behind your back, you know it's there.
00:24:02 If you were an octopus, you wouldn't know it, because these creatures don't know their arms exist if they can't see them.
00:24:08 Thermoception is your ability to sense temperature.
00:24:11 Equilibrioception is a sense of balance.
00:24:14 You also have nosoception, which means you can feel pain.
00:24:18 Then there's chronoception. That's how you can sense time passing by.
00:24:22 There are even more senses found in the animal kingdom.
00:24:26 Electroreception and magnetoreception.
00:24:29 But people don't have those.
00:24:31 You can't see your taste buds.
00:24:34 Those little bumps on the tongue are lingual papillae.
00:24:37 There are four kinds of them.
00:24:39 Circumvalate, foliate, fungiform, filiform.
00:24:44 They are all covered with taste buds, except for the last one, filiform.
00:24:48 This one is responsible for the sense of touch in your tongue.
00:24:52 Your pinky holds 50% of the total strength in your hand.
00:24:57 Your liver is a very important organ that works a lot and is responsible for 500 individual functions.
00:25:04 Up to 10% of it is made of fat.
00:25:07 The liver can regenerate.
00:25:10 You can burn calories when you take a hot bath, as many as you would if you took a half-hour walk.
00:25:16 People mostly need seven minutes to fall asleep.
00:25:19 This time gets shorter if you've just had a large, tasty meal.
00:25:23 On average, the heart is as big as your fist.
00:25:27 It beats 115,000 times and pumps around 2,000 gallons of blood a day.
00:25:34 The tuatara is a reptile that has a third eye on top of its head.
00:25:52 The eye has a retina, nerve connections, and a lens, but isn't used for seeing,
00:25:57 as during growth, it quickly becomes covered by scales.
00:26:00 Scientists are still trying to find the eye's mysterious function.
00:26:05 There's only one letter that doesn't appear in the name of any of the 50 U.S. states.
00:26:10 There's a Z in Arizona, and even two pesky X's in New Mexico and Texas.
00:26:16 But search a map, and you won't find a single Q in any U.S. state name.
00:26:22 It's estimated that a total of 108 billion people have lived on Earth throughout its history.
00:26:28 Ever wondered what that tiny pocket in your jeans is for?
00:26:32 It's a watch pocket, and was originally intended as a place to store pocket watches.
00:26:37 It dates back to 1879, as a new feature on a pair of Levi's jeans.
00:26:43 Over 3 billion pounds of potatoes are used to make McDonald's fries every year,
00:26:48 which is around 15% of all the potatoes grown in America in 2020.
00:26:54 Unlike humans, cats don't have the same amount of toes on their front and back paws.
00:26:59 They usually have 5 toes on their front paws, but only 4 on their back ones.
00:27:04 If you've got a feline companion, go take a look!
00:27:08 The entire population of Earth could fit inside Los Angeles,
00:27:12 with the world's population being 7.5 billion. This seems crazy!
00:27:17 But if everyone stood shoulder to shoulder, we could all fit inside 500 square miles.
00:27:23 Pigs aren't the only animals that are great at finding truffles.
00:27:27 Dogs are just as good, thanks to their sense of smell, and are now used more commonly.
00:27:33 The current American flag was designed by a high school student.
00:27:37 Bob Heff designed the flag for his history class in 1958,
00:27:42 and was only given a B- for his efforts.
00:27:45 Later, his design was chosen out of more than 1,500 others to become the new flag.
00:27:50 His grade was unsurprisingly changed to an A after this.
00:27:55 The pandas in your local zoo may look at home, but unless you're in China, they're just on vacation.
00:28:01 That's because technically all pandas are on loan from China and are the property of that country.
00:28:07 The sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" uses every letter in the English language.
00:28:14 In 1974, a full NASA space suit cost between $15 and $22 million.
00:28:21 But over time, NASA hasn't replaced worn-out suits,
00:28:25 leading to them only having 4 working EVA suits left.
00:28:29 But have no fear!
00:28:31 Since 2009, NASA has been working to upgrade their "outside the spaceship" wardrobe
00:28:36 with an investment of $200 million.
00:28:39 Hmm, does that come with sequins?
00:28:41 Hot water actually may freeze faster than cold water.
00:28:45 This is because the cooled water at the bottom is denser than the hot water at the top,
00:28:49 and this uneven temperature distribution speeds up the cooling process.
00:28:54 In a 12-hour period, it's likely that an ant will only take 8 minutes of rest.
00:29:00 They're really switching up the definition of a power nap!
00:29:04 Camels have 3 sets of eyelids and 2 rows of eyelashes to protect them from the blowing sands of the desert.
00:29:11 The letter X was first used to represent a kiss all the way back in 1763.
00:29:17 It was first used in a letter written by British naturalist Gilbert Wynne.
00:29:22 No one actually knows if we're spelling William Shakespeare correctly,
00:29:26 and it looks like the man himself wasn't too sure either.
00:29:29 He signed his name in a number of ways.
00:29:32 But it turned out he never signed anything as William Shakespeare,
00:29:36 despite it being the accepted spelling today.
00:29:39 The word "swims" still looks the same even when turned upside down, like that.
00:29:46 A tiny percentage of the static that you see on old TV screens is residual radiation left over from the Big Bang.
00:29:54 If you were to lift up the tail of a kangaroo, and I wouldn't necessarily recommend this,
00:30:00 the animal would no longer be able to hop.
00:30:03 Kangaroos use their tails as a third leg to propel them forward and also to keep balance,
00:30:09 so basically, they'd fall over.
00:30:12 If you're heading to London to see the famous London Bridge, think again, as the original bridge is now in Arizona.
00:30:19 By the 1960s, London Bridge was falling down. Really.
00:30:23 And so, the city decided to sell it to an American oil tycoon, Robert P. McCullough.
00:30:29 It was disassembled, each piece labeled, shipped over to the US, and reassembled.
00:30:34 It can now be found in Lake Havasu City.
00:30:37 Movie trailers, those teasers of upcoming movies shown before the main feature,
00:30:42 were originally shown after the movie, which is why they're called trailers.
00:30:47 Oh.
00:30:49 You don't have to worry about a crocodile mocking you, as they can't actually stick out their tongues.
00:30:55 Crocs have a membrane in their mouth which prevents the tongue from moving.
00:30:59 English is the most widely spoken language in the world,
00:31:03 but four times more people speak it as a second language than as their mother tongue.
00:31:09 Speaking of England, the crown jewels contain two of the largest cut diamonds of all time.
00:31:14 The Cullinan Diamond is the largest diamond ever found and is part of the sovereign scepter with Crocs.
00:31:20 The second gem is the aptly named Cullinan II, which is mounted in the impressive Imperial State crown.
00:31:27 So, now you know.
00:31:29 Every glass of water you drink probably contains water molecules that have also been drunk by a dinosaur.
00:31:35 The dinosaurs were around for 186 million years, compared to humanity's 200,000,
00:31:41 giving them a lot more time to drink Earth's water than us.
00:31:47 Huge diamonds could be raining down on Jupiter and Saturn as you watch this video.
00:31:52 Because lightning storms turn methane into carbon, which gradually hardens as it falls and turns into diamonds.
00:31:59 Beneath the Easter Island heads, they actually have hidden bodies.
00:32:04 In the 1900s, archaeologists dug up two of the statues to find full torsos measuring 30 feet.
00:32:11 That's the torso was 30 feet long, not that the statue had 30 feet. That would be weird.
00:32:18 Next time you're struggling to concentrate when studying, try reaching for a stick of gum.
00:32:23 A study found that participants who chewed gum while taking a memory test could stay focused longer than those who didn't.
00:32:30 Now, common sense would suggest that trees have been around before most animals as they produce oxygen for us to breathe.
00:32:37 If you were to tell this to a shark, it would laugh as the sea creatures were actually around long before trees.
00:32:43 Sharks date back around 400 million years, with trees coming in about 50 million years later.
00:32:49 Yeah, I want to see a shark laugh.
00:32:52 Listen closely next time you turn on the hot and cold water taps, as water actually makes different pouring sounds depending on its temperature.
00:33:00 The heat changes the thickness of the water, which changes the pitch of the sound it makes when it's poured.
00:33:07 There may be a new suspect to add to police lineups, and that suspect is a koala bear.
00:33:13 While gorillas and chimps have fingerprints similar to humans, so does the cuddly koala.
00:33:19 The Comic Sans font has divided people across the world for decades and has developed a reputation for being informal or unprofessional.
00:33:28 This makes perfect sense given its creation, as designer Vincent Connare looked to his favorite comic books like Watchmen for inspiration.
00:33:37 Think of the first thing that comes to your head when Transylvania is brought up. It's vampires, right?
00:33:43 But Dracula's author Bram Stoker never actually visited the mountainous region of Romania, which cemented Transylvania in the legend of the vampire forever.
00:33:53 The first college football game took place as far back as 1869 and was between Rutgers and Princeton. Rutgers won the game 6-4.
00:34:03 If you're looking for a bodyguard from the animal kingdom, look no further.
00:34:08 The silverback gorilla can lift up to 10 times its own body weight, which translates to a total of around 1,800 pounds.
00:34:16 This makes them one of the strongest living mammals on Earth.
00:34:20 Ever wondered how a city gets named? In Portland, it came down to a coin flip. If the coin had landed the other way around, we'd be calling it Boston, Oregon.
00:34:30 Iceland is growing 2 inches every year. This is because it's divided by the North American and European tectonic plates, so as the plates push wider apart, the bigger Iceland gets.
00:34:42 The average person will spend a whopping 6 months of their life waiting for red traffic lights to turn green. Poor yellow isn't even mentioned.
00:34:51 Humans are the only animals with chins. While other animals, like the chimpanzee, share similarities with humans, like walking on two legs or having a jaw, none actually have that little bit of bone in the middle of the lower jaw.
00:35:05 So hey, when you're feeling down, chin up!
00:35:11 The Mozilla Firefox logo is a fox embracing the planet.
00:35:15 The original browser's logo was a phoenix bird reborn from its flames, designed in 2002. Back then, the browser was named Mozilla Firebird.
00:35:25 Two years later, they changed the name to Firefox. It's the English nickname for the red panda. It's a rare and protected animal from Asia.
00:35:35 There's a bear standing on its hind legs hidden within the famous Toblerone logo.
00:35:41 The mountain-shaped chocolate bar was created in Bern, the Swiss capital, by Emil Baumann and Theodor Tobler.
00:35:48 It's nicknamed the "City of Bears" and has a bear featured on its coat of arms. That's why this animal is featured in the image of the Matterhorn mountain that inspired the logo.
00:35:59 The image of a happy girl in Wendy's logo was inspired by the daughter of the fast food chain's creator, Dave Thomas. Wendy is her nickname.
00:36:08 If you look closer, you'll notice her collar spells out the word "Mom." Whether intentional or not, it became something to mean a homely feel the restaurant gives its guests.
00:36:19 941, set as the time in iPhone's ads, isn't a random choice of numbers. In 2007, Steve Jobs first introduced the iPhone to the public after a 41-minute presentation at exactly 941 a.m.
00:36:34 The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 and featured Sir Isaac Newton sitting under a tree with an apple about to fall on his head. It seemed too complex and unclear to many, so Steve Jobs wanted it replaced.
00:36:49 The designer of the new logo, Rob Yanov, made it an apple we all know today. He was most likely inspired by the original logo but wanted to make it more simple.
00:37:00 He added the bite so that no one would confuse it with a cherry, a peach, or any other round fruit with a stem. Without realizing it, he added a fun pun to the logo. "Bite" seems very much like the computer term.
00:37:13 Toyota's logo symbolizes the merge of the hearts of customers and the company. Two overlapping ovals stand for "T" for Toyota in the steering wheel.
00:37:23 The outer oval is for the world-embracing Toyota. The background space represents the infinite values of the company. Great quality, value beyond expectation, the joy of driving, innovation and integrity and safety, the environment, and social responsibility.
00:37:41 Life insurance for Apollo 11 astronauts cost a fortune since the mission was so risky and unpredictable. The astronauts couldn't afford it, so they signed hundreds of covers that their families could sell to fund some big expenses in case anything went wrong.
00:37:58 Snickers candy bar was created by Frank Mars, founder of Mars Inc. It was inspired by an already existing snack made of nougat, peanut, and caramel and named after Mars' family horse. Until 1990, they called it a "marathon candy bar" in the UK. As soon as they switched the name to Snickers there, it went from the number one selling candy bar in Britain to the number three.
00:38:23 When NBC's logo was developed, color televisions were revolutionary gadgets. The logo with a rainbow of colors points it out. The peacock illustrates the phrase "as proud as a peacock." It was meant to show they were proud of their new color system. The six different colors of the feathers represent the six different divisions of NBC.
00:38:45 The yellow arrow in the Amazon logo that starts at A and ends at Z shows you can buy anything from them, from A to Z. It also looks like a smile, symbolizing the happiness of their customers. The original name of the business was not Amazon, but Cadabra Inc. Jeff Bezos experimented with different names for his website as well, and one of them, Relentless.com, still redirects to Amazon.
00:39:12 Papa John's Pizza CEO, John Schnatter, started his business in a broom closet in a bar he co-owned with his dad in Indiana in 1984. Over the years, it has grown to the third largest pizza chain in the world, with 5,500 restaurants in 49 countries.
00:39:33 Baskin-Robbins has 31 different flavors, and the letters B and R in the logo hide this number. The B curve stands for three, and the stem of the R stands for one.
00:39:47 You can visit the first website ever created, called the World Wide Web Project, even today. It went live in 1991 and now serves as a historical archive about the World Wide Web. It doesn't have a single picture, just text. The web itself was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, in 1989.
00:40:13 The first product ever scanned at a supermarket was a 10-pack of Wrigley Juicy Fruit Gum in 1974 in Troy, Ohio. The barcode was invented and patented back in 1952, but the idea only took off when its inventor started working for IBM. Until then, grocery clerks had to put a price sticker on every item, and cashiers had to read those tags and type the price by hand.
00:40:38 The Quicksilver logo is a customized version of the Great Wave off Kanagawa, a famous wood print by Japanese artist Hokusai. When Quicksilver expanded their business and started a woman's brand Roxy, they mirrored their logo so that one looks like a heart.
00:40:55 Until 2010, rural broadband internet was slower than carrier pigeons. In a speed test, they let pigeons with USB sticks fly from a Yorkshire farm to cover the distance of 50 miles. They finished the race an hour and a quarter later. By this time, only 24% of a 300-megabyte file had been uploaded.
00:41:17 Picasa lets you organize and view your images online, and its logo is more than a simple colorful camera shutter. The white space in the middle forms a house, meaning it will be a safe home for your photos. It also has a house, or casa in its name, and P stands for pixels. Letters L and G in the LG logo form a human face, L is the nose, and G represents the rest of it. They call it the face of the future.
00:41:46 And the idea was to give the brand some human elements and make it friendlier.
00:41:50 Many tech companies test their new products in New Zealand. It's an ethnically diverse country with English-speaking people, and most importantly, it's so isolated, news about product failure won't spread quickly.
00:42:04 FedEx's logo might seem basic when it comes to its colors and font, but it's hiding an arrow between the letters E and X. It stands for speed, accuracy, striving for perfection, and perseverance in achieving goals.
00:42:19 The four rings in the Audi logo represent the four companies that blended together to form it. Audi, DKW, Porsche, and Wanderer. The latter started as a bicycle repair shop.
00:42:33 Gillette Company, famous for its razors, wanted their logo to be as sharp and precise as possible. This is how they ended up with a cut between G and I that forms blade-like shapes on top of each other.
00:42:45 Black and white colors in the logo symbolize the elegance, purity, prestige, and excellence of the products.
00:42:53 Some people have a fear of technology, aka technophobia. Now, it mostly has to do with complex new devices like computers, but it has its roots back in the time of the Industrial Revolution.
00:43:05 It began in the 18th century when workers were afraid new machines would take their jobs.
00:43:11 Google rents goats from a special company in California to mow their lawns. They bring about 200 goats to Google headquarters at Mountain View. It takes them around one week to eat all the unnecessary grass and fertilize the land.
00:43:24 The founders of Domino's were originally planning to add a dot to the Domino's in the logo for every new place they opened, but it was growing way too fast and too big for that, so they decided to keep just three dots for the three original locations.
00:43:40 In 2004, @ became the first new character to be added to Morse code for the first time in at least 60 years. It consists of the signals for A and C with no break in between, so you can spell your email in Morse code now if you ever have to.
00:43:58 In its 150-year history, Levi's had eight logo redesigns. The first one was called the Two Horse Brand. It had a lot of detail in it. The current logo, known as Batwing, is over 50 years old and represents the shape of a pocket you can find on every pair of Levi's jeans. It's supposed to give a youthful yet timeless feel.
00:44:20 Evernote app stores your notes and has an elephant for its logo, because a saying goes, "An elephant never forgets." And these animals do have an impressive memory. The ear on the elephant is curled over, like a post-it note.
00:44:34 The H in the Hyundai logo isn't just for the company's name. It's the outlines of two people firmly shaking hands. It's an exchange of trust between the company and its customers. The oval around the figures is a symbol of Hyundai's global expansion. The silver color symbolizes sophistication and perfection. The digital blue version reflects reliability and excellence.
00:44:57 Lacoste got its iconic logo thanks to a bet René Lacoste, co-founder of the company and tennis player, made with the captain of the French Davis Cup team. The captain promised to give Lacoste a crocodile-skin suitcase if he won the match. Lacoste didn't win, but got his nickname Crocodile out of it. He had a crocodile embroidered on his tennis court blazer. When it was time to launch his apparel brand, the crocodile came in handy.
00:45:22 Oreos are the world's most popular manufactured cookie, with over 40 billion pieces produced every year. Originally, they were sold by weight at the price of $2.35 for 9 and a quarter pounds. A circle topped with a two-bar cross stamped on each cookie is an Abisko logo that is a European symbol of quality.
00:45:45 When Michael Dell started his company in 1984, he planned to turn the world on its ear with his business. That's why the E in Dell's logo is slanted. The blue color stands for loyalty, trustworthiness, confidence, and intelligence.
00:46:00 The first mechanical alarm clock could only ring at one time, at 4 a.m. It was invented by Levi Hutchins in 1787 in Concord, New Hampshire. Hutchins designed the device to wake him up for work. The early prototype of alarm clocks was invented by the Greeks in 250 BCE. They used rising water to bring a whistle into action.
00:46:22 Airbnb's logo isn't a bent paper clip. It's called a bellow, for belonging. It's a person's head, the location symbol, a pin, and a heart for love. Together, these symbols make Airbnb's famous "A."
00:46:37 In 2006, Qatar Telecom organized a charity auction, where they sold the phone number 666-66-66 to an anonymous bidder for $2.75 million. It became the most expensive phone number in the world.
00:46:54 Segway polo is a legit sport with functional teams from all corners of the globe. It doesn't require a particular fitness level, has no age restrictions, and is gaining popularity. There are four 8-minute sections of the game, and the goal is to knock the ball into the goal using a special hammer.
00:47:12 If you take a closer look at the Tour de France logo, you'll notice a cyclist hiding in the O, U, and R. The second hidden message here is the yellow circle, representing the stages of the race that only occur during the daytime.
00:47:25 Phantom Vibration Syndrome is how you call that feeling when you think your phone is vibrating, but it isn't. If you often experience that, it might be a sign you're over-involved with your phone.
00:47:38 Sony VAIO logo symbolizes the integration of analog and digital technologies in its products. The letters V and A look like an analog wave. The letters I and O are there to resemble the numbers 1 and 0 for a digital signal or binary code.
00:47:53 The original Xbox had edited sound bites from actual transmissions from the Apollo space missions. If you left it on the home screen, you'd eventually hear fragments of real chatter from the mission.
00:48:06 Pinterest lets you pin stuff you find interesting to your online boards. Its logo shows exactly that. It's a pin design hidden in the letter P. Pin-shaped Ps are an important part of Pinterest's branding, to get people to pin more things by mimicking the action of pushing a pin into a board.
00:48:24 Pepsi spent around $1 million to design its logo with many secret meanings. It hints at Feng Shui, the Renaissance, the Earth's magnetic field, the theory of relativity, Mona Lisa, and the Parthenon. Among other things, it is supposed to serve as the key to the universe.
00:48:42 Nintendo was founded back in 1889, long before computers, as a playing card company. They still produce those in Japan and even organize a bridge tournament called the Nintendo Cup.
00:48:55 In 1973, a Motorola engineer made the first cell phone call in history from 6th Avenue in New York City. He was using a 2.5 pound prototype to call a rival from Bell Laboratories.
00:49:07 There was silence at the other end of the line. The phone was almost the size of a shoebox, allowed its owner to talk for 35 hours, and needed 10 hours to recharge.
00:49:18 The first commercial text message in history was sent on December 3, 1992, and was wishing happy holidays to the recipient, who was a Vodafone employee. Now the average number of texts sent is 6 billion per day.
00:49:30 Apple used to have its clothing line in 1986, called the Apple Collection. They did it one year after Steve Jobs' temporary resignation. The idea was to see how far their fans would go in buying branded clothing, accessories, and lifestyle items.
00:49:46 The horizontal lines in the IBM logo remind those times when photocopies had difficulties reproducing large blocks of solid ink.
00:49:53 Originally, there were 13 lines in the logo, but then they reduced the number to 8 as they had ink bleeding problems with the 13 lines in their print media.
00:50:03 The serif on the bottom of the M has an equal sign to show they value equality.
00:50:09 5 megabytes of data used to weigh one ton. In 1953, engineers in IBM's laboratory invented the first hard drive. The cabinet containing it weighed over 2,200 pounds and could hold just 5 megabytes of data.
00:50:24 McDonald's logo isn't just a letter M, but also the symbol of the original golden arches of the restaurant chain. They realized prospective customers could see them well from the highway and would stop by.
00:50:37 The world's first computer mouse was invented in 1964 and called XY Position Indicator for display systems. It was rectangular and made from wood with a little button on the top right.
00:50:48 The inventor, Doug Engelbart, called it a mouse because of the cord coming from it that looked like that of a mouse.
00:50:55 The name Mitsubishi is a combination of "Mitsu," which means "three," and "Hishi," which means "water chestnut."
00:51:03 The Japanese used this word to denote a diamond shape, so put together, the brand name translates as "three diamonds."
00:51:10 The shield shape of the NFL logo symbolizes the league's commitment to the highest standard of sporting entertainment. The eight stars stand for the eight divisions currently used in the NFL.
00:51:21 The first word that has ever been autocorrected was "teh." To do it, you had to press the left arrow and F3.
00:51:29 Northwest Airlines' logo has an N and a W in negative spaces. The triangle in the circle is a compass that points northwest. The airlines were flying up high from 1926 until 2010 when they merged with Delta.
00:51:44 A study from Beth Israel Medical Center in New York showed that surgeons who grew up playing video games more than three hours per week make 37% fewer errors, perform 27% faster, and scored 42% better at the test of surgical skills.
00:52:00 The Mercedes-Benz brand is a product of merging the companies of Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz.
00:52:07 Benz Company's logo that was "Benz Lettering," surrounded by a laurel wreath, was registered as a trademark in 1909.
00:52:14 Daimler had a Mercedes star for a logo. When the companies merged in 1925, they got a new shared logo of Daimler's Mercedes star in Benz's laurel wreath.
00:52:24 The star has three points that represent land, sea, and air. These are the three environments the company originally planned to dominate.
00:52:33 Carrefour translates into English as "crossroads" and has a logical logo of two stylized arrows, symbolizing the different directions you can take.
00:52:42 The logo is in the French national colors of red, blue, and white. In the white space between the arrows forms the letter C.
00:52:50 Salvador Dali designed the Chupa Chups lollipop's logo. The artist put the existing text on a colored daisy-shaped background.
00:52:59 He wanted to move the logo to the top of the lollipop wrapper from the side, so that it would always be intact and visible to buyers.
00:53:05 The first ever computer virus was developed in 1971. It was named the "Creeper Program" and designed as a security test to see how it would spread between computers.
00:53:17 Samsung was founded as a grocery store on March 1, 1938, which makes it 38 years and one month older than Apple, founded on April 1, 1976.
00:53:29 The first phone was released to the public back in 1874. It took three years for it to be in the homes of around 50,000 people and another 75 years to get to the 50 million people point.
00:53:39 It only took the radio 38 years to get to the same number, and television made it in just 13 years.
00:53:46 The Google logo seems pretty basic when it comes to colors. There's primary red, yellow, and blue, but they also added green, that interrupts the primary color scheme.
00:53:57 This is supposed to show that Google is an innovator that doesn't do what's expected of it and is unique from other companies.
00:54:03 Shell Oil Giant has been around since 1904, and its yellow-red logo has changed a lot over the years. The original one was a more realistic picture of a Pac-10 shell.
00:54:14 The current logo is more stylized.
00:54:19 Oceans cover 70% of the Earth. On average, the ocean is 8 Empire State Buildings deep, and less than 5% of its mysterious depths have been explored.
00:54:28 It's even possible to find lakes and rivers beneath the ocean. They're denser than the rest of the water surrounding them, so you can clearly see the difference.
00:54:36 When the coral is in shallow waters, intense sunlight can damage the algae living inside it.
00:54:42 To protect the algae, the coral produces some proteins that act as some kind of sunscreen for it, so they really don't need to spend money on it.
00:54:49 Okay, most of the ocean may not be explored, but what we do know is about 20 million tons of gold is dispersed through its dark waters.
00:54:57 It's concentrated in really small amounts, which is why it doesn't pay off to mine it. If we could take it out, every person on the planet would get 9 pounds of gold.
00:55:08 When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe too.
00:55:12 Back in 2002, researchers found an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe, where great white sharks come during the winter.
00:55:20 They simply hang out, tell jokes, and laugh at stories of how many humans they've scared, and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.
00:55:28 Hey, have you had a great white latte? Try one!
00:55:33 This point of the Pacific Ocean goes from Indonesia to Colombia, and at that part, it's 12,300 miles across, over 5 times wider than the diameter of the Moon.
00:55:42 We might imagine oceans are cold, especially in depths where the temperature is only 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:55:48 But there's an exception. Water that comes out of hydrothermal vents in the seafloor has a temperature of up to 750 degrees.
00:55:57 Humans are the only animals whose brain gets smaller. Yup, as we get older, it tends to shrink. It can do so even because of isolation and loneliness.
00:56:06 Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side of the family tree, like monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that. I'm guessing television is the probable cause.
00:56:16 Our eardrums have nothing to do with the sense of sight, but they still move when we move our eyes.
00:56:23 In the average lifetime, our heart beats over 2.5 billion times. I've counted.
00:56:28 Our nose can detect over 1 trillion smells, and our lips are hundreds of times more sensitive than the tips of our fingers.
00:56:35 Two of our body parts never stop growing – your nose and your ears.
00:56:40 Cockroaches are tough. They can survive harsh conditions and have been around since dinosaurs ruled our planet.
00:56:48 But the termite queen beats all that with a lifespan of 50 years. That's the longest any insect can live. Regular termites live only 1-2 years.
00:56:57 It's not the water camels store in their humps, but fat. They store water in their bloodstream.
00:57:03 Bees can fly really high – more than 29,500 feet, which is even higher than Mount Everest, the tallest mountain on our planet.
00:57:12 Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins. Yup, they slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.
00:57:19 Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.
00:57:23 The Moon has volcanoes, and scientists believe these might've been active around 100 million years ago, when dinosaurs still ruled our planet.
00:57:31 Wow, the view must've been magnificent!
00:57:35 There are watermelons the size of a grape. Cucamelons, if you prefer, mouse melons, actually look like really small watermelons, but at the same time have a citrus flavor.
00:57:46 Not just mouse melons, there's also the kangaroo mouse. This animal doesn't feel the need to drink water.
00:57:52 It lives in the Nevada desert, and since its habitat is really dry, it simply learned to quench its thirst through seeds it likes to eat.
00:58:01 You may think parking is expensive in the area where you live, but it's probably cheaper than a spot you'd pay in Hong Kong.
00:58:07 Just a 135-square-foot spot placed in front of the center, which is the 5th tallest building in the city, was purchased for almost a million bucks.
00:58:16 I'll take a bus ticket, please.
00:58:18 Speaking of expensive, and I was, the world's priciest hot dog is $169, and you can try it out in Seattle, Washington.
00:58:28 I don't have the money, but I am a little intrigued, must admit.
00:58:31 An Australian barista set a world record for the most cappuccinos made in one hour – 420 of them. That's really a Java jive!
00:58:41 You can taste garlic with your feet. Rub a clove right in your feet, of course take the socks off beforehand, and wait for it.
00:58:49 The chemical responsible for its unique smell can be absorbed through the skin even though the clove was never in your mouth.
00:58:57 By the way, lobsters can try out the same experiment. Well, they actually taste any food with their feet.
00:59:02 Okay, researchers have found many things that are evidence of prehistoric animals or our human ancestors that lived thousands of years ago,
00:59:10 like bones, teeth, stone tools, and a piece of chewing gum, dating from almost 10,000 years ago.
00:59:17 In Tibet, there are black diamond apples that aren't green or red, but dark purple.
00:59:23 The place where they grow has plenty of ultraviolet light over the day, while the temperatures drastically go down during the night,
00:59:29 which makes the apple skin get a darker color.
00:59:32 Australia has a lake of naturally bubblegum pink color.
00:59:36 The unusual color is there because of the pigment from a certain type of algae living there.
00:59:41 Clouds look so fluffy like they're made of giant puffs of cotton, but the average one weighs around 1.1 million pounds, so please, stay up there.
00:59:52 A farmer from Iowa got hiccups that didn't stop for the next 68 years.
00:59:56 First hiccuping was about 40 times a minute, and after a while, 20 times.
01:00:01 He actually spent 70% of his life hiccuping.
01:00:04 A million seconds is somewhere around 12 days, and a billion seconds is almost 32 years.
01:00:11 Nothing unusual here, just a little bit of good old math that reminds us how cool the time is.
01:00:18 Okay, sharks may be scarier than humans, but our teeth are just as strong as theirs, just smaller.
01:00:24 Until the beginning of the 19th century, Americans actually thought tomatoes were poisonous.
01:00:29 So many tasty meals they missed believing that.
01:00:32 Yep, farmers discovered not just people have regional accents, but cows also have different moos, according to the area where they live.
01:00:40 Hey, do cows get moody?
01:00:42 Giraffes have a tongue that's up to 20 inches long.
01:00:47 Ooh, ice cream maybe?
01:00:48 Actually, they can bend trees with their tongues.
01:00:51 There's a specific type of jellyfish that's actually immortal.
01:00:55 Hey, I can see that as a logo for a life insurance company.
01:00:59 The Earth is orbiting the Sun, but not at a fixed speed rate.
01:01:03 We don't sense it, but it's slowing as time goes by, so our day will become 25 hours long in about 175 million years.
01:01:11 So, don't plan that extra hour in your schedule just yet.
01:01:16 Space is huge, duh.
01:01:17 But there's obviously lots of empty spots since there are more trees (3 trillion) on our planet than stars in the Milky Way (only about 300-400 billion).
01:01:28 When someone mentions the biggest desert, you probably picture the endless sandy surface of the Sahara, burning under the hot Sun.
01:01:36 Well, not quite.
01:01:38 The biggest desert is the Antarctic Polar Desert, which covers over 5.5 million square miles in…Buffalo.
01:01:45 Nah, Antarctica.
01:01:46 Sounds strange at first, but the definition says a desert is a place that gets less than 10 inches of precipitation annually.
01:01:53 Still, it doesn't say if it has to be hot.
01:01:56 Ostriches don't actually hide their heads in the sand.
01:01:59 When they sense danger, they lower down their head, neck, and body to the ground, which makes them a little bit less visible to predators.
01:02:06 Their light-colored neck blends in with the sand, so it only looks like their head is hidden down there.
01:02:14 The first commercial passenger flight happened at the beginning of the 20th century.
01:02:18 It was a 23-minute flight that cost $400 (about $8,500 a day), and the plane flew between two cities in Florida.
01:02:27 A famous Egyptian ruler, Cleopatra, lived closer to cell phones than to the time when the Great Pyramids of Egypt were completed.
01:02:35 Well, that's a gap.
01:02:38 Speaking of cell phones, every two minutes there are more photos taken than in the entire 19th century.
01:02:44 Okay, let's add one more to those statistics.
01:02:47 Cheese!
01:02:49 So, you have a sixth sense.
01:02:53 It tells you where the various parts of your body are in space.
01:02:57 Thanks to it, you can walk up a flight of stairs or touch your nose even with your eyes closed.
01:03:02 Your vocal cords only produce a buzzing noise.
01:03:06 Your nose, mouth, and throat determine what your voice will sound like.
01:03:09 If you have a deep voice, your vocal cords are thicker, and your cavities are larger than average, letting the sound resonate.
01:03:16 By the time you wake up, you'll have forgotten 50% of your latest dream.
01:03:21 After 10 minutes, you won't remember 90% of it.
01:03:24 When you blush, your stomach lining goes red along with your face.
01:03:28 It happens because your sympathetic nervous system's causing an increased blood flow throughout the body.
01:03:34 Your hair follicles have the same receptors as your nasal passages.
01:03:37 That's why your hair can detect scents too.
01:03:40 Sandalwood can help you develop that superpower.
01:03:43 Out of 5 million hair follicles on your body, only 100,000 are indeed on your head.
01:03:49 An average human will have eaten 35 tons of food over a lifetime.
01:03:54 That's like 3 school buses.
01:03:56 No matter how hard you'll try, you'll never be able to tickle yourself.
01:04:01 It's because your brain prepares the body for tickling and helps you avoid the typical laughing reaction.
01:04:08 One human hair is so strong it can hold up to 3.5 ounces.
01:04:13 If only the scalp were that strong as well, you'd be able to hold the weight of 2 elephants with your hair.
01:04:19 Your eye has 256 unique characteristics, and your fingers – just 40 of them.
01:04:25 That's why retinal scanning is more reliable than fingerprint scanning.
01:04:30 50% of your hand strength is in your little finger alone.
01:04:33 Yet the thumb is the most important finger. You wouldn't be able to grip without it.
01:04:37 If you stretch out your arms to the sides, the distance from the middle fingertip of the left hand to that of the right hand is equal to your height.
01:04:45 An average human produces enough saliva to fill 2 swimming pools over a lifetime.
01:04:50 Hey, dive in!
01:04:52 Your spine has a great memory. It remembers your posture, making it so difficult to change it for the better.
01:04:59 You owe goosebumps to your ancestors for many, many, many years ago.
01:05:03 Their hair used to stand up to make them look bigger and scarier to foes.
01:05:07 Cats hiss and arch their backs for the same reason.
01:05:10 Your left lung is a little smaller than your right lung to make some room for the heart.
01:05:15 The right lung has 3 lobes, and the left one just 2. Both of them are protected by your rib cage.
01:05:21 Next time you get the hiccups, try bending over in a chair.
01:05:26 Cracking from the far side of the glass also helps get rid of them.
01:05:29 You can easily survive without your appendix, stomach, one kidney, or one lung.
01:05:34 Nice to know we have spare parts!
01:05:36 A human eyebrow lives for about 4 months. After that, you get new ones.
01:05:41 You, along with other humans, have the superpower of glowing in the dark, especially in the late afternoon.
01:05:47 Your face has the strongest glow. Still, it's too dim for your eyes to pick it up unaided.
01:05:54 The unique sound of your heart is, in fact, the clap of the valves inside opening and closing.
01:05:59 The lyrics for that are "Lub-dub, lub-dub."
01:06:02 You can't breathe and swallow at the same time.
01:06:05 While you're breathing, the pipe leading to your stomach shuts down.
01:06:08 When you're swallowing, the gateway to your lungs temporarily closes.
01:06:12 Under 1% of all people are born with their hearts on the right side of the chest and not the left one.
01:06:19 You blink 15 to 20 times per minute or 30,000 times a day.
01:06:24 Your eyes have the fastest muscles in your entire body.
01:06:27 They slow down to 5 blinks per minute when you're looking at a computer screen.
01:06:30 Your eyes owe their color to a pigment called melanin.
01:06:34 People with brown eyes have more melanin than green-eyed individuals.
01:06:38 If you have blue eyes, it means the eye tissue is completely colorless.
01:06:42 Your eyes get color just like water in the sky do.
01:06:45 They scatter light and reflect blue light back.
01:06:48 The first known person with blue eyes was born in the Stone Age, around 7,000 years ago.
01:06:52 I wasn't around then.
01:06:54 There are about 3 million sweat glands in your entire body.
01:06:57 Many of them are on the soles of your feet and on your palms, forehead, armpits, and cheeks.
01:07:02 With every sneeze, the air is traveling out of your nose at a speed of 100 mph.
01:07:08 There's no wax in your earwax.
01:07:10 It's made of fat, skin cells, sweat, and dirt.
01:07:13 Yum!
01:07:16 If you want to get rid of it, remember it protects the ear from bacteria, dirt, and dryness.
01:07:19 Stress and fear boost its production.
01:07:22 If someone made a camera out of the human eye, it would have a resolution of 576 megapixels.
01:07:29 Your brain can hold up to 25 million gigabytes of data.
01:07:33 Not my brain.
01:07:35 You swallow every minute while you're awake and 3 times per hour when you sleep.
01:07:39 That sums up to 600 swallows per day.
01:07:42 Gulp!
01:07:45 You can also physically chew on the left side, and if you're right-handed, on the right side.
01:07:48 Your fingerprints will always find a way to grow back their unique pattern, no matter how bad you damage them.
01:07:54 Every human has a unique pattern of ridges and furrows in their ears.
01:07:59 They also sound different, thanks to microscopic hair cells in your inner ears.
01:08:03 You'd need a powerful microphone to pick up the noise they produce.
01:08:07 The way you walk is your unique feature.
01:08:10 Machines can easily distinguish your individual tiny ticks, bounces, and ways of swinging your legs you use with every step.
01:08:16 Your sense of smell helps you taste 80% of the flavor of any food.
01:08:21 That's why it seems so dull when you hold your nose or have a snack while traveling by airplane that makes your sense of smell weaker.
01:08:28 Women are better at remembering faces and tasks for the future, but easily forget what has been done.
01:08:34 It's the opposite for men.
01:08:37 Your eyes can change color as you age, or even depending on your mood or dieting habits.
01:08:42 300 billion new cells are born in your body every day. Now that's recycling!
01:08:48 Your fingers don't have a single muscle in them. Their joints move thanks to the muscles in the palm and the forearm.
01:08:55 Your fingernails grow faster than your toenails. That's because you use them more actively, and they get more sunlight and air.
01:09:03 Your eyes send a 2D upside-down image of the world to your brain.
01:09:07 It quickly corrects it and turns it into a 3D right-side-up image that it's used to.
01:09:12 There's more nerve cells and connections in your brain than there are stars in the Milky Way.
01:09:17 If you decided to count them all, it would take you 3,000 years.
01:09:20 To make it easier for you, you have around 100 billion neurons in there.
01:09:25 The space between your eyebrows is officially called glabella.
01:09:30 They're smaller in the morning than in the evening. Gravity makes the cartilage around your bones compress over the day, making you shorter by the time you go to bed.
01:09:37 In case you're right-handed, your fingernails on the right hand grow faster than your left one.
01:09:43 That's because you use this hand more often and are more likely to damage it somehow.
01:09:47 Your body's trying to protect it and sends more blood and nutrients its way.
01:09:51 If you walk a healthy amount of steps every day, you'll have covered 100,000 miles by the time you're 80.
01:09:59 It's like circling the equator four times.
01:10:01 The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus at the back of the hip, and you're sitting on it.
01:10:07 But never mind.
01:10:09 The tiniest muscle in your body is in the middle of your ear.
01:10:12 Its main purpose is to stabilize the stapes, the tiniest bone in your body.
01:10:17 It takes care of transmitting sound waves to your inner ear.
01:10:20 You spend about 5 years of your lifetime eating and 1/3 of your life sleeping.
01:10:27 An average adult weighing 150 pounds has a skeleton weighing about 21 pounds.
01:10:31 So, I guess the remainder is meat and stuff.
01:10:34 Your heart beats over 2.5 billion times over your lifetime.
01:10:38 Your skin thickness is different throughout the body.
01:10:41 You have the thickest skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and the thinnest is on your eyelids.
01:10:47 It takes your skin cells 28 to 30 days to completely renew themselves.
01:10:53 Even if you only have less than half of your liver left, it can still regenerate to its original size.
01:10:58 Your taste buds only live for 10 to 14 days, then they renew.
01:11:03 Then what, everything tastes fresh?
01:11:05 Even when you're resting, your brain uses more than 20% of your body's energy to keep it going.
01:11:11 The brain's main function of processing and transmitting data is really pricey when it comes to energy costs.
01:11:18 Your big toe bears 40% of your body's weight. Without it, running and walking would be slower, shorter, and less efficient.
01:11:25 Thanks to zero gravity, your discs in between each vertebra expand when you're in space.
01:11:31 That's why you can grow up to 2 inches taller.
01:11:34 An average adult body is home to 7 octillion atoms.
01:11:38 That's 7 billion billion, or 7 followed by 27 zeros. Do the math.
01:11:44 A caterpillar has more muscles than you do.
01:11:47 It's 4,400 vs. 6,50.
01:11:50 Your peripheral vision is almost completely black and white.
01:11:54 It's because you have more color-detecting cones in the center of your retina than at the sides.
01:11:59 An average adult human body has enough fat in its cells to produce 7 bars of soap.
01:12:05 Your sweat itself doesn't smell like anything.
01:12:08 The bacteria living on your skin mix with it and give it that notorious smell.
01:12:13 You get red eyes in photos because when the camera flash goes off, your pupils don't have enough time to constrict.
01:12:19 A large burst of light reaches your retina, and it bounces back.
01:12:23 Your legs feel lead-heavy when you're afraid because of the adrenaline that gets in your system.
01:12:28 It turns on the fight-or-flight reaction.
01:12:31 Your body sends blood flow to your most needed areas to let you take action and protect yourself.
01:12:37 Women can distinguish more colors than men because they have two X chromosomes and men only have one.
01:12:43 Even if something is wrong with one of the chromosomes, a woman can still see colors correctly.
01:12:48 That's why women are rarely color-blind.
01:12:51 No matter how slim or plump you are, you have the same exact amount of fat cells as everyone else.
01:12:57 When you work out and diet, they don't go anywhere but shrink in size and can grow back again.
01:13:04 All muscles in your body are connected to bones at two ends to be able to pull and create motion.
01:13:08 The only exception is your tongue.
01:13:11 It's connected to a part of your neck on one side and is free on the other side, so you can make funny sounds.
01:13:17 The weird-looking flies you see right in front of your eyes every now and then are eye floaters.
01:13:23 You see them because of tiny structural imperfections in one particular part of the eye that get in the way of light.
01:13:30 They get worse with age. Oh, goody.
01:13:33 An average woman speaks about 20,000 words a day, while an average man only speaks 7,000 words.
01:13:39 That's because the brain region responsible for language skills and social interactions is larger in females.
01:13:45 Your hands and feet alone would look rather creepy.
01:13:48 They also contain more than half of the bones in your entire body.
01:13:52 Each hand has 27 bones, and each foot has 26.
01:13:56 Your thumbs have their own pulse because there are big arteries inside them.
01:14:01 That's why you can't feel your pulse in the neck with your thumb.
01:14:03 You spend 10% of the time when you're awake with your eyelids closed.
01:14:08 It's all those times you're blinking.
01:14:10 Humans are capable of using echolocation, like bats and dolphins.
01:14:14 With some training, you can find your way in complete darkness, analyzing the surroundings by sounds bouncing off objects.
01:14:21 Oh, need to practice that.
01:14:24 On average, it takes 7 minutes to fall asleep.
01:14:28 There are some techniques to speed up that process to 120 seconds, though.
01:14:32 You can physically see your nose, but the brain chooses to ignore it.
01:14:36 Otherwise, it would stand in the way of your vision. Plus, it would be out of focus.
01:14:40 Around 12% of people can't dream in color.
01:14:44 There used to be more of them before color TV had been invented.
01:14:47 All your muscles relax at the same time right after you've fallen asleep.
01:14:52 Your brain thinks you're about to fall and sends quick signals to all of your muscles to awaken them.
01:14:57 That's why it sometimes feels like you're literally falling.
01:15:00 You've inherited fingers that get wrinkly from water from your ancestors.
01:15:05 It gave them the grip they needed to survive in rainy weather.
01:15:08 Your toes get wrinkly too, to let you stand on a wet surface safely.
01:15:12 Many centuries ago, people used their wisdom teeth to chew through tough plants and roots.
01:15:17 As their brains grew bigger, leaving less space in the mouth, these teeth became the extra ones.
01:15:24 Now you can just cook your food and survive without them.
01:15:27 Every day, an average woman unknowingly puts on about 515 chemicals on her body.
01:15:33 They come from deodorants, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, and other beauty products.
01:15:38 Most of them are harmless.
01:15:41 You can't sneeze when you're sleeping, because the nerve cells in your nose that activate sneezing are sleeping too.
01:15:47 You can't sense smells in your sleep either.
01:15:51 An average person has around 250 hairs per eyebrow.
01:15:54 But some lucky fellows have a total of 1100 hairs.
01:15:57 They keep raindrops and sweat from getting in your eyes.
01:16:00 Your skeleton completely renews itself every 10 years or so.
01:16:04 The process never stops, but slows down with age.
01:16:07 That's why your bones become thinner.
01:16:10 An adult takes 12 to 16 breaths per minute.
01:16:13 It adds up to a total of 17,000 to 23,000 breaths daily.
01:16:19 If you stretch your entire network of blood vessels, its length would be enough to circle the Earth twice.
01:16:24 That's over 60,000 miles.
01:16:26 And you would be very sore if you did that.
01:16:29 Women have more taste buds on their tongues than men.
01:16:32 35% of women are super-tasters and have more than 30 taste buds in the space the size of a hole punch on their tongue.
01:16:40 That's an interesting comparison.
01:16:42 Sugar is sweeter, and sodium is saltier to them.
01:16:46 Blondes have the biggest number of hair follicles – around 146,000.
01:16:50 Second place belongs to black-haired people.
01:16:52 They have 110,000 follicles.
01:16:55 If you have brown hair, there are around 100,000 hair follicles on your head.
01:17:00 With an average of 86,000 follicles, redheads have the least dense hair.
01:17:05 As you age, your feet might get bigger.
01:17:07 But it doesn't mean your bones are growing.
01:17:09 It happens due to weight gain in loose ligaments that make your feet flatter and wider over time.
01:17:15 When you have that "stomach-in-your-throat" feeling on a roller coaster, some of your organs are really shifting.
01:17:21 It happens to your intestines and stomach, which are connected rather loosely and is harmless.
01:17:26 It says here.
01:17:28 Your teeth have enamel on the outside that makes them just as strong as a shark's.
01:17:33 They aren't as sharp, though.
01:17:35 Your hair can stretch about 30% of its length when wet.
01:17:39 Your brain constantly needs oxygen and uses 20% of its reserves in your body.
01:17:44 When you're trying to solve some problem, it can even use more oxygen, up to 50%.
01:17:49 If you decided to smooth out all the wrinkles in your brain, it'd be a flat surface the size of a pillowcase.
01:17:55 As you're listening to music, your heartbeat syncs with the rhythm.
01:17:59 Faster tempos make it beat faster.
01:18:01 Your diaphragm sometimes twitches, which makes you suddenly intake more air.
01:18:06 Your throat closes and interrupts the intake.
01:18:09 This is how hiccups work.
01:18:12 Unlike what every space movie tells you, you won't instantly freeze if you got into open space without a suit.
01:18:17 Space vacuum is a great insulator, so you would retain your heat for some time.
01:18:22 Just don't make a habit of it.
01:18:24 The atoms in your body are billions of years old.
01:18:27 Nearly all of them were made in a star, and many have come through several supernovas.
01:18:32 It makes you a big chunk of stardust.
01:18:35 Scientists still don't know why humans yawn.
01:18:39 But the most popular theory says it happens to cool down your brain and regulate body temperature.
01:18:44 Humans are the only animals that have chins.
01:18:47 Even chimpanzees and gorillas have lower jaws that slope down and back from their front teeth.
01:18:52 When you're breathing, most of the air is going through one of the nostrils.
01:18:56 After a few hours, it starts going through the other, and they keep switching like that.
01:19:01 Your nose can pick up about 1 trillion smells with 400 different types of scent receptors.
01:19:08 The sound you hear while cracking knuckles are gas bubbles bursting in your joints.
01:19:12 Ooh, more fun body sounds!
01:19:14 You burn calories when you're just breathing, watching TV, and even sleeping.
01:19:19 By the time you turn 60, you will have lost almost half of your taste buds.
01:19:24 That's why most elderly people don't notice the unusual or bitter taste.
01:19:28 It only takes you 0.05 seconds to recognize a sound.
01:19:32 That's 10 times faster than blinking.
01:19:36 It's virtually impossible to destroy a human ear.
01:19:38 Water, cold, and corrosion can do nothing to it.
01:19:41 The only way to go is to set it on fire.
01:19:44 Nah, don't do that.
01:19:46 Around 1% of people are missing a special lens in the eye and can see ultraviolet.
01:19:50 Famous Impressionist painter Claude Monet belonged to that 1%.
01:19:55 When you sleep in a new place, half of your brain stays awake.
01:19:59 Thanks to that, you'll be able to quickly get up if you have to protect yourself from something or someone.
01:20:05 The way your sneeze sounds depends on your nose size.
01:20:08 The larger the nose, the bigger the sneeze because more air can go in and out.
01:20:12 All the strangers from your dreams are real people you've met at some point in real life.
01:20:17 You just didn't remember them.
01:20:19 Unlike other cells, neurons can't replace themselves.
01:20:23 If you type 60 words per minute for 8 hours a day, it would take you 50 years to type the human genome.
01:20:30 That sounds like a big waste of time.
01:20:33 There's a name for the dip between your upper lip and nose.
01:20:35 It's philtrum.
01:20:37 Some people can navigate using the magnetic field of the planet, just like birds.
01:20:42 Me? Nah, I can barely use my GPS.
01:20:45 Well, here's some facts you'll find hard to digest.
01:20:50 Your stomach has a pretty incredible capacity, being able to hold up to half a gallon of liquids.
01:20:56 That's a whole large bottle of Coke.
01:21:00 It's pretty hard to estimate how much hard food you can eat because it's processed with your teeth before it gets to your stomach.
01:21:06 There's definitely not enough room for a turkey, but a good-sized chicken would probably fit in it.
01:21:12 If you were asked where your stomach was, you would probably point to your tummy.
01:21:18 Sorry, that's wrong.
01:21:20 It's actually up here, hidden in between your ribs.
01:21:23 Scientists believe that the appendix will disappear eventually.
01:21:29 Nobody really knows why we need it, but some researchers claim it might've existed to help our ancestors digest tree bark.
01:21:36 Because it's no longer part of our daily diet, the appendix isn't necessary and can disappear from our bodies without any consequences.
01:21:44 The appendix isn't the only obsolete part of our body.
01:21:49 Wisdom teeth aren't that useful either.
01:21:51 Yeah, they used to come in handy whenever our ancestors lost some of their teeth, but the only thing they help us lose now
01:21:58 is the money we spend extracting them.
01:22:01 Almost all of our body is covered with hairs, even if we don't notice them.
01:22:06 They grow even in the belly button.
01:22:09 Their purpose is to catch lint. Check it out. See?
01:22:12 Your liver acts as your own personal bodyguard, protecting you from toxins and many other things you don't want hanging around in your body.
01:22:22 It's also pretty indestructible and can even regenerate.
01:22:27 Only about 43% of you is actually you.
01:22:31 Over 50% of the cells in your body belong to tiny little creatures that mainly live in your gut.
01:22:37 Still, even though your own cells are fewer than microbial ones, there are, on average, about 100 trillion of them in you.
01:22:45 See? You're not alone.
01:22:47 With this in mind, your own genes are less than half of what you really consist of.
01:22:54 If you take all the microbes dwelling within your body and count their genes, you'll find between 2 to 20 million.
01:23:01 If you sleep, it doesn't mean all of your body sleeps.
01:23:06 In fact, sometimes your brain has to work even harder when you're asleep.
01:23:10 It needs to process tons of information, and reports usually take a lot of time.
01:23:15 The nose definitely gets a good rest while you're sleeping.
01:23:21 Amazingly, your sense of smell basically deactivates at night.
01:23:25 You wouldn't even be bothered if there was a really terrible smell in your bedroom.
01:23:29 No comment.
01:23:31 The nose is probably one of the most underappreciated parts of the body.
01:23:36 We wouldn't even be able to enjoy eating without it.
01:23:39 About 80% of the taste of any food is thanks to the nose and its ability to recognize odors.
01:23:45 If you hold your nose while eating, you will taste almost nothing.
01:23:50 With no sense of smell, you're likely to recognize food mostly by texture.
01:23:54 So, an onion might seem no different than a big refreshing apple.
01:23:58 Yeah, try that and leave me a comment on how that goes.
01:24:02 Scientists used to believe we could distinguish about 10,000 smells, but they were wrong.
01:24:09 Recent research showed that people are actually able to distinguish between more than a trillion smells.
01:24:16 We also remember them better than anything else, and smells can even evoke some distant memories.
01:24:21 Your nose just doesn't help you breathe and catch odors.
01:24:25 It filters the air for sensitive throats and lungs.
01:24:28 If we inhale dry air, the nose moistens it, cools it, and heats it if it's necessary.
01:24:34 Also, the nose cleans the air of dirt.
01:24:37 When you age, your brain is gradually reducing in size.
01:24:44 By age 75, it's much smaller than at 30, and it starts shrinking by the age of 40.
01:24:49 It happens to everyone, and doesn't affect your mental strength in any way.
01:24:53 Our brain can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.
01:24:58 Don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity, not even the one you had back in 2005.
01:25:04 That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.
01:25:08 Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.
01:25:13 You can get some information, but sooner or later, you run out of space.
01:25:17 To check your working memory capacity, try this test.
01:25:20 Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.
01:25:24 Most people recall 7 or fewer items from that list.
01:25:28 Your RAM, or working memory, is an essential thing that we need to perform almost any everyday activity,
01:25:36 including basic conversations, surfing the net, and even petting your dog.
01:25:42 Our strongest and emotional memories are often fake.
01:25:45 The central memory gives us the confidence to believe that we remember everything,
01:25:50 even though most of the details are made up in our heads.
01:25:53 Not only your brain shrinks as you get older, you too shrink dramatically.
01:25:59 The bones get more brittle, the backbone gets compressed.
01:26:03 A similar thing happens when you rest at night. Your bones kinda relax too.
01:26:09 Because of this, you wake up taller in the mornings than you are at the end of the day.
01:26:13 Among mammals, only humans can walk on two legs for their entire lives.
01:26:19 You might think that kangaroos or gorillas move in the same way,
01:26:23 but kangaroos use their tail as a third leg, and gorillas use their long arms to keep balance.
01:26:30 Your bones take part in metabolism too.
01:26:35 They mostly consist of calcium, when there's not enough of this element in your blood,
01:26:39 bones start shedding it into the bloodstream, balancing your body.
01:26:43 The same reaction works in reverse too.
01:26:46 When there's too much calcium in your blood, it goes into the bones to be stored for later.
01:26:51 The only bone to have a sense of humor in your body is inside your upper arm.
01:26:57 That's why it's called the humerus.
01:26:59 Ok, I made that one up. Moving along…
01:27:04 Bones that never grow are found in our ears.
01:27:06 We can hear thanks to these tiny bones because they have adapted to transmit sound vibrations.
01:27:12 Doctors call them the oscular chain.
01:27:15 One of these hearing bones, the stapes, is the smallest bone in your entire body.
01:27:19 It's no larger than a grain of rice.
01:27:22 Our height, shape of our body, and skin color depend a lot on where our ancestors used to live.
01:27:31 Our body can adapt to new conditions even within our own lifespan.
01:27:34 For example, if you move from plains to the mountains,
01:27:38 you'll eventually develop more red blood cells to compensate for the lack of oxygen.
01:27:43 And naturally, if you move from a colder climate to a hotter and sunnier one,
01:27:47 your skin will get darker to adapt.
01:27:50 Our lifespan is programmed within ourselves.
01:27:54 They constantly renew and divide, but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at some point.
01:28:00 Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.
01:28:03 On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.
01:28:08 That means, if we could find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer,
01:28:12 we could potentially live forever.
01:28:15 Body fat isn't just a nuisance.
01:28:19 It acts as insulation material, energy reserve, and shock absorber.
01:28:23 Your body sends the most fat into your waist region because that's where your internal organs are.
01:28:29 If something happens to you, this layer of fat might protect your vitals from irreparable damage.
01:28:35 Heads up!
01:28:38 Your skull isn't a single bone.
01:28:40 It actually consists of 28 different bones, many of which are fused together to protect your brain.
01:28:46 The mandible, or the lower jaw, is the only skull bone that isn't fixed to the bone around it.
01:28:52 It's attached with connective tissues and muscles.
01:28:56 That makes it so mobile, you can move it in any direction you like.
01:28:59 Hey, you can actually masticate with your mandible!
01:29:02 Another word for chewing.
01:29:04 You see, the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms or legs.
01:29:08 They're in your head.
01:29:10 The masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing, and it needs to be the strongest for you to eat normally.
01:29:16 And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?
01:29:19 Those are temporalis, located above your temples.
01:29:23 They also help you chew your food.
01:29:26 Now, we've got two really fast muscles.
01:29:29 They control the eyelid closing.
01:29:31 In fact, they're the fastest muscles in our body.
01:29:34 Eyes are fragile and need protection, so the reflex that protects them needs to be as fast as lightning.
01:29:41 These muscles can shut the eyelids in less than a tenth of a second.
01:29:45 People with double-jointed thumbs can bend them backward.
01:29:49 It looks super unusual, and very few people can do it.
01:29:54 But still, it's totally okay.
01:29:55 Even though it looks painful, it actually doesn't hurt at all for someone with a double-jointed thumb.
01:30:01 Now, we recognize only purple-blue, green-yellow, and yellow-red colors.
01:30:07 Everything else is a combination of these three.
01:30:10 It's impossible to calculate how many of these combinations the human eye sees,
01:30:15 because every single person has slight vision differences.
01:30:19 But it's about 1 million combinations on average.
01:30:23 You see?
01:30:24 Wow, just one strand of hair can support about 3 ounces.
01:30:29 On average, a person has about 150,000 strands.
01:30:33 And when your hair is working as a team, it can support about 12 tons.
01:30:38 That's two elephants.
01:30:40 Not counting the peanuts.
01:30:42 Your brain generates electricity, and it'd be enough to light up a small light bulb.
01:30:46 If you could only figure out how…
01:30:50 It doesn't hurt to cut your nails or hair, because the only part that's alive is under the skin.
01:30:54 Also, nails grow faster in summer than in winter,
01:30:58 even in places where there's not much difference between the seasons.
01:31:01 Also, nails grow faster on your writing hand,
01:31:04 probably because you use it more often, and that stimulates the nails more.
01:31:09 It looks like the pinky finger is weak, but that's not true at all.
01:31:13 Without it, you'd lose 50% of your hand strength.
01:31:17 It usually works together with your ring finger to provide power.
01:31:20 The other three are more for grabbing stuff.
01:31:23 Oh, and just like fingerprints, your tongue has a unique print too.
01:31:27 But you can't use it to unlock your phone, at least not yet.
01:31:31 Also, your tongue has a lot of fat in it.
01:31:34 If you gain weight, your tongue does too.
01:31:37 There's acid in your stomach that breaks down food.
01:31:40 The acid is so strong that it could eat right through a piece of wood.
01:31:46 The total length of all blood vessels in an adult is close to 100,000 miles.
01:31:50 That's four times around the equator.
01:31:53 In your lifetime, you produce enough saliva to fill two swimming pools.
01:31:58 Our ancestors needed goosebumps to make their body hair stand on end
01:32:02 and scare away any bad guys.
01:32:04 We don't need that anymore, but we still get them
01:32:07 because we haven't evolved enough yet to get rid of this feature.
01:32:11 Now, you probably never noticed, but you mostly only breathe
01:32:15 through one nostril at a time.
01:32:16 Every few hours, the nostrils switch jobs.
01:32:19 That's why only one nostril gets stuffy when you have the flu.
01:32:23 Most people think they have five senses, but that's not true.
01:32:27 Scientists don't yet know themselves, but they think there's more than 20.
01:32:31 There's sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste,
01:32:35 and there are other senses like time, hunger, and thirst.
01:32:39 Then there's proprioception, the sense of where your body is in space.
01:32:44 The brain can't always tell the difference
01:32:47 between intense happiness and intense sadness.
01:32:50 It gets that you're experiencing a very strong emotion,
01:32:53 but sometimes it gets a bit confused.
01:32:56 That's why you might cry when you're very happy.
01:32:59 Your eyes stay about the same size your whole life,
01:33:02 but your nose and ears don't. That'd be so weird.
01:33:06 Back in the day, all humans had brown eyes.
01:33:09 Other eye colors developed as a result of a random mutation.
01:33:13 Scientists think that while the first humans appeared on Earth around 6 million years ago,
01:33:18 the first blue-eyed person appeared only 10,000 years ago.
01:33:22 So it's pretty likely that all blue-eyed people on the planet have the same ancestor.
01:33:27 Uncle Bob!
01:33:29 All bones in the human body are connected to each other except one.
01:33:34 The hyoid bone is U-shaped and located at the base of the tongue, holding it in place.
01:33:41 Bones are stronger than steel.
01:33:43 A strong healthy bone could, in theory, handle the weight of 5 pickup trucks.
01:33:48 Still, they're not the strongest body part.
01:33:51 The strongest is tooth enamel.
01:33:53 It's made of a bunch of different materials that make it damage-resistant.
01:33:57 Teeth live a long time, lasting for hundreds of years.
01:34:01 But of course, you still need to take care of them.
01:34:04 They're the only body part that can't heal itself.
01:34:08 Your heart works non-stop and beats around 3 billion times over the course of your lifetime.
01:34:14 Just like your heart, your tongue never takes a vacation.
01:34:18 Even when you sleep, it helps push saliva down your throat.
01:34:21 By the way, where do you rest your tongue?
01:34:24 If you keep it on the bottom of your mouth, you're doing it wrong.
01:34:27 This posture might lead to some neck and jaw pain.
01:34:31 If you keep it jammed up against your teeth, you're doing it wrong too.
01:34:36 This causes your teeth to shift and might lead to a bad bite.
01:34:39 Instead, try to keep it sort of halfway, about a half an inch away from your teeth.
01:34:44 Now, we can't breathe and swallow at the same time.
01:34:48 That's because whatever we swallow and the air we breathe travel down the same path, at least at first.
01:34:54 It's like there's a little guy directing traffic down there.
01:34:57 Your eyes can breathe.
01:34:59 The cornea is the only body part that doesn't have a direct blood supply.
01:35:04 It gets oxygen right from the air.
01:35:06 That's why when it's dry outside, your eyes might get a bit itchy.
01:35:10 Everyone dreams.
01:35:13 Some people say they've never dreamt a night in their life, but they just never remember any of their dreams.
01:35:19 Some scientists think that the dreaming stage is followed by an active forgetting stage.
01:35:24 It's probably because dreams aren't exactly full of important information,
01:35:28 and our brain needs to clean up some extra space for something more useful.
01:35:33 Those who are lucky enough to remember their dreams still end up forgetting about half within 5 minutes of waking up,
01:35:40 and after 10 minutes, it's usually gone for good.
01:35:43 When you blush, the lining of your stomach turns red too.
01:35:48 It happens because blood starts to flow around more when you're embarrassed,
01:35:52 as your body gets ready for something stressful to happen.
01:35:55 Your face and stomach lining get more of it, turning them red.
01:36:00 Also, humans are the only animals who can blush, or at least the only ones where you can see it so obviously.
01:36:05 During one lifetime, the average human grows 590 miles of hair.
01:36:12 The average man, if he never shaved, would have a 30-foot-long beard.
01:36:16 Hair grows a little faster in warm climates because heat stimulates faster circulation in our bodies.
01:36:22 Everything you'd ever need to know about you is all written down in one strand of hair.
01:36:29 With a single hair, a scientist could tell you what you've been eating your whole life
01:36:32 and what kind of environment you've lived in.
01:36:35 On average, one human eats their way through 100,000 pounds of food in one lifetime.
01:36:41 That's like 10 big hippos worth of food.
01:36:44 Lips are one of the most sensitive parts of the human body.
01:36:47 They have loads of nerve endings, even more than your fingers.
01:36:51 Also, lip skin is very thin, so you can actually see the blood capillaries inside.
01:36:57 That's why lips are red or pink, unlike the rest of your body.
01:37:00 Lips are also very sensitive to sun damage, so remember to apply sunscreen on them.
01:37:06 It'll help to preserve their health and fullness over time.
01:37:09 In addition to your fingerprints, your iris, and your tongue, your lips are also unique.
01:37:16 The total surface of your lungs is about the same as a tennis court.
01:37:20 Coughs and sneezes are real fast travelers.
01:37:25 A cough can get up to 50 mph.
01:37:27 A sneeze is even faster – almost 100 mph.
01:37:31 Unless you use your fingers to help you, it's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
01:37:36 Scientists don't really know what's going on there.
01:37:39 Some say it's just a reflex, so you can't control it.
01:37:42 Others think it happens to shield your eyes from whatever's flying out.
01:37:46 All humans literally glow.
01:37:49 The light comes from your body heat.
01:37:53 It's a thousand times less intense than you're capable of seeing, but still awesome.
01:37:57 The largest flash drive in the world is actually your brain.
01:38:02 Well, anyone's brain.
01:38:04 The neurons in it combine together in such a way that your storage capacity is about a million gigabytes.
01:38:10 It's enough to hold 3 million hours of movies.
01:38:14 That's like a 300-year-long movie night.
01:38:17 Hey, pass the popcorn!
01:38:20 You start feeling thirsty when you lose about 1% of your body weight.
01:38:23 If you lose 5%, you might even feel like fainting.
01:38:27 Fingers don't have muscles that make them move.
01:38:30 The muscles that do that are located in the palm and the forearm.
01:38:34 The word "muscle" actually comes from the old Latin word for "mouse."
01:38:39 That's what the Romans thought their biceps looked like.
01:38:42 On average, in their lifetime, a person walks about 110,000 miles.
01:38:48 That's four times the distance around our planet, or half the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
01:38:53 So, remember to wear comfortable shoes.
01:38:56 Yep, your brain will grow by roughly 2% if you venture into space.
01:39:02 Under normal gravity, it is thought that fluid in the brain naturally moves downwards when we stand upright.
01:39:09 But there is evidence that lack of gravity prevents this, which is why fluid accumulates in the brain and skull.
01:39:17 While a bunch of flowers may be fragrant for you, there are people with cacosmia who would beg to differ.
01:39:22 They perceive all the smells out there as something odorous.
01:39:26 Well, that stinks!
01:39:28 Speaking of which, out of all the senses we have, smell is the most acute one.
01:39:33 We remember 65% of smells after a year, but only 50% of what we've seen over the last 3 weeks.
01:39:42 We also get a new nose every 28 days, because the nose cells are renewed every 4 weeks.
01:39:47 We don't smell when we sleep.
01:39:50 Well, of course, unless you haven't bathed in a while.
01:39:53 Your sense of smell goes to sleep when you do, which is why it's almost impossible to notice a gas leak at night.
01:40:00 While sleeping, we rely only on sound because the sleep can be disrupted by noise.
01:40:05 Almost half of your taste buds will have gone away by the time you turn 60.
01:40:11 So, maybe, you will finally start eating those broccoli!
01:40:14 Your sense of smell gets less acute as you get older as well.
01:40:18 As for taste again, we mostly rely on our smell since it helps us perceive up to 95% of the flavor.
01:40:26 Without the sense of smell, it'd be hard to tell an apple from a turnip.
01:40:30 Now, when you cough, you release the air at about 60 mph, so mind the speed limit.
01:40:37 Hiccups is a two-step process.
01:40:40 First, you draw in a lot of air because of a muscle spasm, and then bang!
01:40:44 The airways are closed, the air is blocked, and the famous sound goes outside.
01:40:50 We need ears not only for hearing but for balance too.
01:40:55 Our vestibular system occupies the inner ear.
01:40:58 Canals in your inner ear contain fluid and tiny sensors helping you keep the balance.
01:41:04 By the way, ears have bones.
01:41:08 But bones are the only bones that never grow.
01:41:10 We can hear "thanks" to these little guys since they transmit sound vibrations.
01:41:15 Doctors call them "oscular chain" and it's made up of malleus, incus, and stapes,
01:41:20 nicknamed hammer, anvil, and stirrup, which are integral parts of the middle ear.
01:41:25 Our ears keep growing throughout our lives.
01:41:29 They sweat too, and earwax is actually a kind of sweat they produce.
01:41:33 Oh, by the way, the nose never stops growing either.
01:41:37 Perhaps from all the lies.
01:41:39 Your heart is the only muscle that never gets tired.
01:41:43 The aorta is massive, its diameter is almost as large as a hose in your garden.
01:41:49 All the bones in our body are connected to each other except for the hyoid,
01:41:54 which doesn't articulate with the other bones.
01:41:57 This bone serves as support to your tongue, and it's one of the rarest bones to break.
01:42:03 If you have red eyes in a photo, blame it on bouncing light.
01:42:07 The flash jumps off the capillaries in your retina, creating that effect.
01:42:11 As for eyes, the coolest camera so far has 200 megapixels.
01:42:16 The human eye has 576.
01:42:19 That's why sunsets are so much better in real life than in photos.
01:42:23 A roller coaster actually tosses your organs around.
01:42:27 When you feel like your stomach's falling down, it's really flipping inside your body.
01:42:32 Lips are much more sensitive than fingers, having around a million nerve endings.
01:42:37 They are 100 times as sensitive as the tips of the fingers.
01:42:41 Grooves and furrows make our lip print unique, just like fingerprints are.
01:42:46 They also remain unchanged throughout our life.
01:42:49 Oh, the tongue print is unique too, by the way.
01:42:52 Even though all the people on Earth have an absolutely unique smell,
01:42:56 identical twins smell exactly the same.
01:43:00 It must be because they have identical genes.
01:43:02 Usually, we shed about 50 to 150 hairs a day.
01:43:07 An average lifespan for hair is 5 years,
01:43:10 and as soon as an old hair says goodbye to your scalp, a new one starts growing immediately.
01:43:16 In your body, you carry enough bacteria to fill a can.
01:43:20 Bacteria makes about 3 to 5 pounds of your weight, representing 2% of your total weight.
01:43:26 Still, most of them are the waste that our body has.
01:43:30 A human being has about 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
01:43:34 Seems impressive, right?
01:43:36 Well, cornflakes have more genes than we do.
01:43:39 Luckily, it's about sophistication, not the quantity.
01:43:42 Anyway, cornflakes 1, humans 0.
01:43:46 We consist of many chemical elements, including iron.
01:43:50 The iron in our bodies is enough to produce 3 nails, each 1 inch long.
01:43:56 The carbon that we have can be used for 900 pencils.
01:43:59 Our feathers can be used to make quill pens.
01:44:02 Wait, that's birds. Never mind.
01:44:05 Our liver has a superpower of regenerating if part of it was removed.
01:44:09 It can grow back to the size that your body needs.
01:44:12 Fat helps our bodies consume vitamins.
01:44:15 Such vitamins as A, D, K, and E can be properly absorbed only when fat dissolve.
01:44:23 Our bodies have enough fat to produce 7 bars of soap.
01:44:27 Don't try this at home.
01:44:29 When we're awake, our brain may produce enough energy to turn an electric bulb on.
01:44:34 It has 10 watts of power.
01:44:36 What's that about?
01:44:38 Our belly buttons have an entire animal encyclopedia in them,
01:44:42 with a range of about 70 different bacteria.
01:44:45 Some of them can be also found in the soil of Japan, and even in polar ice caps.
01:44:52 Our bodies actually glow.
01:44:54 Anyway, we can't see that with an unaided eye,
01:44:57 because the light we emit is 1,000 times less intense than the minimum level we can perceive.
01:45:03 Speaking of which, carmine used blushes and lipsticks is red dye made up of ground-up beetles.
01:45:11 Oh.
01:45:13 Saliva helps to taste food.
01:45:15 Our taste buds are ready to perceive it only when it's dissolved by saliva.
01:45:21 An eyelash is here to stay for 150 days only.
01:45:24 The world eyelash record was about 3 inches long.
01:45:28 They're also home for tiny mites.
01:45:31 We blink about 4,200,000 times a year, at least once every 8 seconds.
01:45:37 Could be cool if we were given a cent every time we blinked.
01:45:40 We could make more than $100 daily.
01:45:43 It may sound crazy, but our bones are stronger than lots of building materials.
01:45:49 A cubic inch of human bone can bear about 19,000 pounds, making it 4 times stronger than concrete.
01:45:56 The only thing that makes our blood type different is sugar.
01:46:01 AB and AB types have sugars, while O has none, which makes it perfect for donors.
01:46:07 No sugar doesn't make O type less sweet.
01:46:10 In fact, it attracts mosquitoes even more than the other blood types.
01:46:15 People have only 8 blood types, while cows have 800 and possibly more.
01:46:21 Like what, Moo Positive and Moo Negative?
01:46:24 Our fingernails grow way faster than toenails.
01:46:27 They grow almost 4 times slower because they have less damage than fingernails.
01:46:32 Even though we stumble on them often, sudden circulation bursts usually don't last long.
01:46:38 Nails don't only help us catch random tiny objects and peel the stickers off.
01:46:44 If you didn't have a rigid structure against which to press, you wouldn't be able to judge how firmly to hold anything.
01:46:51 Very few people can actually digest milk.
01:46:54 The thing is, there's some special enzyme, let's call it a little helper, that breaks down the sugars any milk has.
01:47:01 When people grow up, they run out of this enzyme.
01:47:05 This sugar's called lactose, so adults that can't digest it are lactose intolerant.
01:47:12 68% of the world's population can't actually digest milk.
01:47:16 If you're sleeping, it doesn't mean your whole body rests.
01:47:20 In fact, sometimes your brain has to work even harder when you're asleep.
01:47:24 It needs to process tons of information, and reports usually take a lot of time.
01:47:29 Humans can't multitask. Really.
01:47:33 We need time to switch from one task to another, but if we try to tackle several things at the same time, it's not going to be very productive.
01:47:41 Try this one. Lift your right foot and start rotating it in a clockwise direction.
01:47:47 Try to write the number 6 with your big toe in the air.
01:47:50 Now, check the direction your foot's moving.
01:47:53 It's moving in the opposite direction, because to write the number 6, you need to make a counterclockwise movement.
01:48:00 It actually takes a bit longer to start a new habit.
01:48:03 It's not 100% true that 18 or 21 days are enough, as many people think.
01:48:10 The process of getting a new habit can take up to 254 days, but on average, it takes around 66 days for a new habit to become automatic.
01:48:20 Michael Letito from France became famous for being able to munch on inedible stuff.
01:48:27 Doctors found out that the man had a very thick lining covering his stomach and intestines.
01:48:32 Plus, his digestive juices were incredibly powerful.
01:48:37 They gave him the ability to consume literally anything, including sharp or even toxic metals.
01:48:42 No wonder Letito got the nickname Monsieur Magitu, which means "Mr. Eat-All".
01:48:48 The man didn't actually eat any gigantic passenger plane, but he still consumed a mind-boggling 9 tons of metal.
01:48:56 He opted for a Cessna 150, a two-seat general aviation plane.
01:49:02 Monsieur Letito managed to eat the aircraft within two years, from 1978 to 1990.
01:49:08 Throughout his career, he also consumed tons of other indigestible things.
01:49:13 Bicycles, TV sets, shopping carts, chandeliers, beds, even a small section of the Eiffel Tower.
01:49:20 At the same time, soft foods like eggs or bananas made Letito sick.
01:49:26 For him, bananas had no appeal.
01:49:30 Okay, we should move on, huh?
01:49:32 There's a kind of grape that has 12% more sugar than others.
01:49:36 It took plant breeders almost 12 years to reach this result.
01:49:40 At first sight, the super-sweet grapes look and smell exactly like regular ones.
01:49:45 But they taste like cotton candy.
01:49:48 There is a cruise ship where you can live permanently.
01:49:51 The ship is traveling around the world, making several-day stops in different ports.
01:49:57 People can move on board or come and go whenever they want.
01:50:00 They own comfortable and spacious cabins that cost anywhere from $2.5 million to $9 million.
01:50:07 Most of these "apartments" have been bought long before the construction of the ship was finished.
01:50:12 You can rent your cabin out or bring along your relatives or friends.
01:50:16 The average age of the ship's residents is 66.
01:50:20 It looks as if the mountains on Venus are covered with snow.
01:50:26 The temperatures on the planets are scorching, and no snow can exist there.
01:50:29 The ice-like substance is actually metallic.
01:50:33 Vantablack is the darkest material in the world.
01:50:37 It absorbs more than 99% of light and makes 3D objects look like 2D objects.
01:50:42 The material is made of tiny hollow carbon tubes.
01:50:46 They've been grown in a special laboratory.
01:50:49 It started in 2003 when two brothers from Spain bought an expensive artwork.
01:50:55 They believed it was an original Goya painting.
01:50:58 When they found out it was a 19th-century fake, the men decided to sell it, presenting it as the real thing.
01:51:04 The buyer was supposedly a rich Arabian Sheikh.
01:51:08 The middleman demanded a commission of $350,000.
01:51:12 The brothers didn't have so much money and had to borrow it.
01:51:16 At first, the sellers asked for $4.5 million, but in the end, the price was lowered to $1.7 million.
01:51:24 When the men tried to deposit the money into a bank account, they discovered the money was fake, just like their painting.
01:51:30 The brothers were arrested.
01:51:32 The middleman disappeared with the commission and was never found.
01:51:36 Wim Hof of the Netherlands got his nickname "The Iceman" for a reason.
01:51:41 In January 2007, he ran a half-marathon in Oulu, a town in northern Finland.
01:51:47 It's a mere 100 miles away from the Arctic Circle.
01:51:52 The middleman didn't have his shoes or shirt on, even though he was more than 2 hours of running barefoot on ice and snow.
01:51:58 Wim Hof has also set the world record for the longest time in full-body contact with ice, and he's done it 16 times.
01:52:07 His best result was surpassed only in 2019 by an athlete from Australia.
01:52:12 Just makes you shiver, doesn't it?
01:52:15 A man from Canada was fishing when a powerful storm hit the area.
01:52:20 His boat veered off course and got stuck in the bushes.
01:52:23 The man ended up in a totally unfamiliar place.
01:52:26 He had no idea where he was.
01:52:29 After wandering around for some time, he understood he was completely lost and might not survive this adventure.
01:52:35 He was getting desperate when an idea came to his mind.
01:52:39 He damaged the nearest power line with the axe he had.
01:52:42 Then the man sat down and started to wait for a helicopter to come and repair it.
01:52:49 The helicopter did arrive and rescue him.
01:52:51 But since lots of people had to spend almost 30 hours without power, the man had to pay a big fine.
01:52:57 Your right lung is a bit shorter than the left one because it has to leave some room for your liver.
01:53:04 As for the left lung, it's narrower because it has to make space for the heart.
01:53:09 Also, a male's lungs usually hold more air than a woman's.
01:53:14 Wireless signals are illegal in the small town of Green Bank in West Virginia.
01:53:19 It means no cell phones, no Wi-Fi, no Bluetooth, no electronic transmitters, and so on.
01:53:26 All because the place houses the Green Bank Telescope.
01:53:29 It's the world's largest fully steerable radio telescope.
01:53:33 Any kind of wireless signal can mess up its work.
01:53:37 There are only two seasons on Uranus – summer and winter.
01:53:43 Summer occurs twice a year and lasts for 21 Earth years.
01:53:46 And one full year on Uranus is 84 Earth years long.
01:53:50 Wow, imagine having to wait for summer vacation to come around!
01:53:54 Costa Coffee's chief coffee taster has his tongue insured for $13 million.
01:54:01 Taste buds are as important for his profession as vocal cords are for a singer.
01:54:06 They allow him to pick out hundreds of flavors.
01:54:10 The very first roller coaster was constructed to transport coal down a hill.
01:54:14 The track was long, steep, and the cart's speed could reach 50 mph.
01:54:19 Soon, people found out about this "entertainment."
01:54:22 Tourists could coast down the treacherous terrain after paying a few cents.
01:54:26 Snails have one of the craziest sleeping patterns in the world.
01:54:31 They can catch some Zs for an hour or two and then stay awake for 30 hours at a time.
01:54:37 These animals also have bizarre hibernation periods.
01:54:40 Those can last for several years.
01:54:42 And if you saute them with some garlic, they are delicious.
01:54:46 Coyotes and badgers often hunt together.
01:54:49 Badgers know how to get prey out of its burrows,
01:54:52 and coyotes are skilled at chasing animals on the ground.
01:54:55 Plus, badgers have a heightened sense of smell, and coyotes have excellent vision.
01:55:00 Their cooperation works like this.
01:55:04 A badger digs out a small critter and makes it run toward a coyote that's waiting nearby.
01:55:08 And dinner is served.
01:55:10 Doesn't say which critter gets the first bite.
01:55:13 The whale shark, one of the largest fish in the world, has several thousand tiny teeth.
01:55:19 It uses them to eat "veggies."
01:55:22 The shark is a filter feeder and prefers to munch on plants, algae, and plankton.
01:55:27 The plankton are not happy about this, but such is life.
01:55:32 Some people start laughing after they sneeze several times in a row.
01:55:35 That's because sneezing makes you happy.
01:55:38 When you do it, your body releases endorphins.
01:55:41 Those are hormones responsible for dealing with stress.
01:55:44 Owls are so flexible, they can twist their heads in almost a full circle.
01:55:50 All thanks to the fact that their heads are connected to their body by only one socket pivot.
01:55:56 People have two of those, and it seriously limits our abilities.
01:56:01 Owls also have many vertebrae, tiny bones that make up the spine and neck.
01:56:04 It's another thing that helps them to perform their head-swiveling trick.
01:56:08 Oh yeah, they have to move their entire head because owls can't move their eyes around.
01:56:14 The sea level is different throughout the world, and the world's ocean surface isn't flat.
01:56:20 It's because of the winds and the difference in gravity.
01:56:23 It's influenced by the mass of underwater mountains.
01:56:27 Most astronauts claim space smells like searing steak or barbecue.
01:56:31 That's exactly the odor that hangs around after someone finishes a spacewalk.
01:56:36 But some space explorers are sure it smells like heated metal.
01:56:41 Or maybe heated metal or searing steak smells like space.
01:56:45 I mean, what was there first?
01:56:47 Your most vivid dreams happen during REM, rapid eye movement sleep.
01:56:53 This stage doesn't last long and happens 90-120 minutes apart throughout the night.
01:56:58 During REM sleep, most of the voluntary muscles in your body get paralyzed.
01:57:03 This way, you can't harm yourself while acting out a dream.
01:57:07 Except when you fall out of bed. Trust me, it's weird.
01:57:10 There are waterfalls in the ocean.
01:57:13 They occur when there is a big difference in water temperature.
01:57:16 Then, colder water flows down and under warmer and therefore less dense layers.
01:57:22 The largest known waterfall on Earth lies between Iceland and Greenland.
01:57:27 The giant is 11,500 feet tall.
01:57:32 The world's largest sand image was as big as 12 Olympic-sized swimming pools and could be seen from space.
01:57:39 It was created in 2019 in Dubai.
01:57:42 It took the artists more than 2,400 hours to finish their work.
01:57:48 The Sun weighs 330,000 times as much as our planet.
01:57:52 The size difference is so great that the Earth could fit inside the star 1.3 million times.
01:57:59 By the way, the Sun contains 99.85% of all the mass in our solar system.
01:58:06 The University of Oxford is older than the Aztec Empire.
01:58:10 The educational institution was established in 1096.
01:58:15 And the Aztec Empire was founded 332 years later in 1428.
01:58:20 Fast fact, if Oxford still had some of its original professors on staff, they'd be pretty old by now.
01:58:27 Each tree in Melbourne was once given a unique ID number.
01:58:31 This way, residents could email the council if something happened to the plants.
01:58:36 But people started to send love letters to the trees instead.
01:58:41 I think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a sequoia sempervirens.
01:58:45 Nah, that doesn't swing, does it?
01:58:48 Marsupials, animals with pouches on their bellies, usually have them facing upwards, but not wombats.
01:58:57 These toothy critters like digging too much, which is why their pouches are turned down to their hind paws.
01:59:03 This way, they can dig without harming their babies.
01:59:07 By the way, all marsupial cubs are called joeys. That includes kangaroos, koalas, and, of course, wombats too.
01:59:14 Spiders have a tiny brain, but their web is a powerful tool.
01:59:18 They use it to see, hear, and feel everything around.
01:59:22 Crazier still, the web also serves as a kind of a memory bank.
01:59:26 Instead of remembering where they stashed the prey, spiders leave it to the web.
01:59:31 Kangaroo rats can survive for years without water at all.
01:59:36 They get all the moisture they need from seeds they eat, and living in an arid desert doesn't cause them any trouble.
01:59:42 Plumed basculus lizards can run on water.
01:59:46 Their hind feet have long toes with fringes of skin spreading out in water.
01:59:51 As a result, a bigger surface of the lizard's foot comes into contact with the water,
01:59:56 and then the lizard has only to pump its legs real fast.
02:00:01 When a cardinal fish guzzles too much special zooplankton, the tiny creature starts to glow inside the fish's body.
02:00:08 It becomes more visible to predators and spits the plankton out, which looks as if it breathes out bursts of bluish fire.
02:00:16 There's a particular jellyfish species in the world's oceans which can live forever.
02:00:21 When the creature reaches the end of its life, it transforms back into its polyp state and restarts its life cycle over and over again.
02:00:31 Tarsiers have the biggest eye-to-body size ratio.
02:00:34 Their eyes take up almost the whole head.
02:00:37 In return, these huge eyeballs allow the animal to see at night as clearly as during the day.
02:00:43 Gecko lizards are equipped with tiny hairs on their footpads.
02:00:47 These things let them climb any surface and run on it as if on the ground, even if it's your ceiling.
02:00:53 The pistol shrimp gets its name from its weird claw.
02:00:58 It's normally open, but when it snaps shut, it creates a bubble projectile that stuns its prey.
02:01:03 The snap is so powerful, it creates a flash of light and momentarily heats up the water to the temperature of the sun's surface.
02:01:10 A possum is any snake's natural nemesis.
02:01:14 These creatures are immune to snake venom and like to munch on serpents a lot.
02:01:19 Not to be confused with possums, though.
02:01:22 When hippos get too hot, they ooze a pinkish liquid through their skin.
02:01:27 It soon covers their bodies and protects them from sunburns.
02:01:31 Meerkats, also seeing lots of sunny days, have black rings around their eyes that look like they're wearing sunglasses.
02:01:39 And, well, that's exactly what those rings do.
02:01:42 The black fur blocks out sunlight, allowing meerkats to look straight at the sky.
02:01:47 Parrots, with their ability to mimic human speech, pale in comparison with lyrebirds.
02:01:55 Copycats can learn and produce over 20 different sounds, including chainsaws, dog barks, car engines, and fire alarms.
02:02:02 And, of course, other bird songs, too.
02:02:05 The alpine ibex is the absolute climbing champion of the animal world.
02:02:10 Mother goats with their kids seem to be defying gravity by scaling flat vertical cliff walls where no other creature can walk.
02:02:18 Male goats, on the other hand, prefer flatlands themselves.
02:02:23 Lizards are known to regrow their tails, and sometimes even other limbs, but the axolotl beat them all.
02:02:29 These strange critters can regenerate even such complex organs as their heart or brain.
02:02:35 Salmon, this graceful water racer, has a built-in navigation system.
02:02:41 Its body reacts to the magnetic field of the Earth and helps the fish find its way across thousands of miles.
02:02:49 When threatened, bombardier beetles pop open the tip of their behind and spray the attacker with nauseous liquid.
02:02:55 The chemical reaction inside the beetle's body makes this spray as hot as boiling water.
02:03:01 Fleas may be small, but they're the best jumpers in all creation.
02:03:06 If humans could jump like these tiny pests, we'd be able to hop over the top of the Eiffel Tower.
02:03:13 Millipedes are scary enough by themselves, but some of their defense mechanisms are something else.
02:03:19 For example, they might exude cyanide, burning in response to threat, and others can glow in the dark.
02:03:26 Octopuses have three hearts, two of which pump blood to the gills, and the third one rolls it to the other organs.
02:03:33 Their blood is blue, by the way, and they also have as many as nine brains.
02:03:39 One is central, and the other eight are, you guessed it, controlling their limbs.
02:03:44 Horses have frogs in their feet. No, not live ones.
02:03:48 A horse's frog is a triangular organ that absorbs shock from stepping on the foot and helps pump blood from their feet up.
02:03:56 On the topic of horses' feet, their hooves are made of the same stuff your nails and hair are – keratin.
02:04:03 So, basically, horses run on their nails.
02:04:08 The starfish doesn't have either brain or heart, and neither does it have lungs.
02:04:12 Yet it has hundreds of tiny feet, allowing it to walk, and it also pumps water with them through the star's body.
02:04:19 The water acts like blood for this creature.
02:04:22 Giraffes are the shortest sleepers in the world.
02:04:25 They only need two hours of quality sleep a day, and even that they don't get at once, instead falling into short five-minute bouts of sleep.
02:04:35 Cicadas have no natural enemies, but not because they're on top of the food chain.
02:04:39 They go into slumber for as long as 13 to 17 years, and no animal can rely on them as a food source.
02:04:47 Tiger stripes are just as unique as human fingerprints.
02:04:51 And it's not only their fur that's striped, their skin is too.
02:04:55 Speaking of fingerprints, if a koala leaves its prints on something, they might be confused with a person's.
02:05:01 They're that much alike.
02:05:04 There's no animal that can blush, except humans.
02:05:06 Scientists believe this phenomenon is purely social, so that we could communicate with other people without words.
02:05:13 There are also no animals in the world that have chins, except humans.
02:05:18 This, however, still remains unexplained.
02:05:21 Actually, it's so we can do chin-ups. Maybe.
02:05:25 Pygmy marmoset is the smallest monkey on the planet.
02:05:29 It's so tiny, it could hug your thumb like a tree trunk.
02:05:33 Sloths, with their unhurried way of life, can take a whole month to digest a single meal they've eaten.
02:05:40 Cows have four stomachs.
02:05:42 Well, not exactly. They have one stomach with four chambers.
02:05:46 They need so many to process grass, something humans and predators can't do.
02:05:51 Owls can't move their eyes in their sockets.
02:05:54 That's why they have to turn their entire head to look around, and it rotates to almost 360 degrees.
02:06:02 Mantis shrimp is one of the most colorful creatures in the world.
02:06:06 They look rainbow-colored to us, but to those of their own species, they look like a whole burst of colors.
02:06:12 Their eyes can detect billions more shades than ours.
02:06:16 Snails might seem harmless and placid, but they have up to 15,000 teeth.
02:06:21 Inside a snail's mouth, there are more tiny chompers than in a shark's one.
02:06:27 Despite feeling smells much, much better than us humans, cats and dogs have a rather weak sense of taste.
02:06:33 Dogs have about five times fewer taste buds than we do, and cats have just a few hundred compared to our 9,000.
02:06:41 Orcas are some of the most intelligent creatures on the planet.
02:06:45 They hear each other's calls over dozens of miles and have unique calls for every single one of their pack.
02:06:52 These calls are similar to human names in function.
02:06:56 A call of a blue whale can be heard over hundreds of miles, and if you're too close to a whale when it sounds a call, you might lose your hearing.
02:07:04 It's louder than a jet engine.
02:07:06 Reindeers change their eye color depending on the season.
02:07:10 In summer, they're gold, and in winter, they're blue.
02:07:13 Also, while reindeer's antlers are still growing, they're very sensitive.
02:07:18 But when they're fully grown, they lose the outer skin layer and become hard like bone.
02:07:24 Otters hold each other's paws while sleeping on the water, because otherwise, they might be separated by the currents.
02:07:31 A hummingbird is a creature with the fastest metabolism on the planet.
02:07:35 Its heart beats at the speed of over 1,200 beats per minute.
02:07:39 That's more than 20 beats per second.
02:07:41 And if you were a hummingbird, you'd have to eat about 50 to 60 pounds of food per day.
02:07:46 An elephant's trunk is similar in structure to a human's tongue.
02:07:51 It has lots of muscles interwoven with each other.
02:07:54 That's why it's so flexible.
02:07:56 Butterflies feel smells with the antenna on their heads, and females taste flowers with their feet before harvesting them.
02:08:04 Bumblebees are so large compared to their wings, they shouldn't be able to fly at all.
02:08:09 Still, their little wings move not up and down, but back and front, creating tiny hurricanes around the bumblebee and allowing it to kinda surf the air current.
02:08:20 Now we know why they're so busy.
02:08:22 That's it for today! So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
02:08:29 Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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