偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年10月19日 第64回「松平容保・会津戦争を招いた藩主の決断」
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00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, all the defeats were inevitable.
00:08How did the foreigners, who had colored the history of Japan, lose?
00:13What was the cause and mistake behind it?
00:19In this episode, we will unravel the defeat of the Aizu clan of Bakumatsu, Imatsudaira Katamori.
00:28The Aizu clan of Kyoto, which was in a state of chaos,
00:33was forced to fight against the new government.
00:39Why did they sacrifice so many people?
00:46The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The Lesson from the Defeat of the Foreigners
01:02What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:09I'm Yuri Nakanishi, the voice of Shinko, the lesson from the defeat of the foreigners.
01:13And I'm Jun Ito, the historian.
01:18In the last episode, we talked about the last general of the Edo Shogunate, Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
01:24We can see that Yoshinobu's decision had a huge impact on many people.
01:30Until then, the lives of the people of Hatamoto and Jiki continued to change.
01:38Many people lost everything because of the Meiji earthquake.
01:42On the contrary, there were people who became the lowest class.
01:46So the lives of those people also changed a lot.
01:51This time, we will focus on the defeat of Katamori Matsudaira,
01:56who was engulfed by the turmoil of the times
02:01when he fought to protect the Shogunate in support of Yoshinobu Tokugawa.
02:06In the previous episode, we talked about the Battle of Byakko.
02:11Katamori was also involved in the tragedy of the Aizu War.
02:16The Aizu people were engulfed by the turmoil of the Aizu War.
02:20In the end, the Aizu people were defeated by Satcho Ryohan.
02:25I don't think there was such a tragedy.
02:28However, I can't say that Katamori was not responsible for this tragedy.
02:34If it wasn't for Katamori, the Aizu War wouldn't have been so bad.
02:39Katamori is the same as Yoshinobu, and he is from the Bun family of the Tokugawa family.
02:44Was there a difference in personality and way of thinking between Yoshinobu and Katamori?
02:49The Bun family of the Tokugawa family has a big difference in price
02:54between Yoshinobu from the Mitohan family and Katamori from the Takasu Matsudaira family.
03:00The difference in position of the Shogunate and the Shogunate,
03:05and the position of the Shogunate and the Shogunate,
03:10I think it was a life of being swayed by Yoshinobu.
03:15This time, we will look at the lessons from the loss of Katamori Matsudaira.
03:22First, let's take a look at what kind of person Katamori Matsudaira was.
03:29Katamori Matsudaira, a member of the Aizu clan who fought against Satcho
03:35was born in Edo in 1835 as the father-in-law of Yoshitatsu Matsudaira,
03:42a member of the Takasu clan of the Mitohan family of the Tokugawa family.
03:50At the age of 12, he became the father-in-law of Katataka Matsudaira, a uncle of the Aizu clan.
03:56He was thoroughly taught and taught by the Aizu family.
04:03This had a huge impact on Katamori's life.
04:10At the age of 18, Katamori became a member of the Aizu clan.
04:14At the age of 28, he was appointed to the Shogunate of Kyoto.
04:19At the time, Kyoto was in the midst of a crisis due to the atrocities committed by the Shogunate,
04:28and the Shogunate had to strengthen its measures against the Shogunate.
04:34Katamori decided to appoint the Aizu clan, led by Isami Kondo, as the head of the Aizu clan,
04:39and planned to eliminate the Sonjo clan.
04:44In the Seifen and Kinmon of August 18,
04:48he took the initiative to move the Choshu clan from Kyoto.
04:55However, the Choshu clan joined hands with the Satsuma clan,
04:59and began a counterattack.
05:04In the midst of this, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, who was appointed to the Shogunate of Kyoto at the age of 15,
05:09carried out a coup d'etat to end the government led by the Shogunate.
05:16In 1868, when the battle between Toba and Fushimi broke out,
05:21Yoshinobu decided that he had no chance of winning, and fled from Osaka to Edo.
05:29At this time, Katamori also joined Yoshinobu.
05:35Katamori, who was seen as a super enemy by the new government,
05:39was chased out of Edo, and hoped for the Aizu war, which would be the biggest war of the Boshin War.
05:47Katamori had no choice but to give up Shirahata,
05:52even though he had spent a month on the battlefield against the new government.
06:00It was the moment of Katamori's defeat.
06:05Why did Katamori give up the battle against the new government?
06:12This time, it was the loss of Katamori Matsudaira, who had sacrificed many Aizu people.
06:23Now, let's take a look at the main events of Katamori Matsudaira's life.
06:28Katamori was the adopted son of the Aizu leader, Katataka Matsudaira.
06:34It seems that the education he received there was unique.
06:38Aizu Bushido is a school that emphasizes spirit and cohesion,
06:43and encourages absolute loyalty to the emperor and the Tokugawa family.
06:49This is what Hoshina Masayuki of Aizu Hanso,
06:52who was the 4th son of Hidetada, the 2nd Shogun,
06:56created and passed on to the Kosho.
06:59This will be the foundation of the Aizu Matsudaira family.
07:05Is Kakun different from Kakun?
07:08Kakun is written in Aizu Matsudaira, but Kakun is not read as Kakun.
07:13It's a little different.
07:16Masayuki's Kakun was passed on to Katamori.
07:22In short, Katamori was bound by Kakun, and became the Iinari of Yoshinobu.
07:29Katamori, who became the Aizu Hanshi, was entrusted with the Kyoto Shugo Shoku,
07:34and was involved in a turbulent situation.
07:37How did Katamori deal with various incidents?
07:42Please take a look at this.
07:45In 1862, the Sonojoi storm broke out in Kyoto,
07:50and a riot broke out due to the death of the Kagekiha.
07:55The Shogunate established a new office in Kyoto.
08:01The Kyoto Shugo Shoku.
08:04At this time, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, who was in charge of the Shogun,
08:10was the 28-year-old Aizu Hanshi, Katamori Matsudaira.
08:16This person is Aizu Han, who is excellent both at home and in the army.
08:24However, Katamori was often ill, and passed away.
08:30I have no confidence in this coincidence.
08:37Machida, who studies Meiji Shinshu,
08:41speculates the true nature of Katamori at this time.
08:47I think Katamori might have wanted to do it.
08:52I joined Aizu Hanshi because I was good at it.
08:55However, when a person who was not good at it becomes good at it,
08:59there are many cases where he tries to do his best.
09:05There is a reason why Katamori became a Shogun.
09:12At the age of 12, Katamori became a good student of Aizu Hanshi
09:17because he was deeply taught by Tokugawa Yoshinobu.
09:23The person who taught him was Tokugawa Hidetada,
09:27the 2nd Shogun of Edo Shogunate.
09:31Masayuki Hoshina, who became Aizu Hanshi, taught him.
09:38Regardless of other Shogunates,
09:41the Shogun must be loyal to him.
09:45If there is a Shogun who is loyal to the 2nd Shogun,
09:48he is no longer his own descendant.
09:55However, Aizu Hanshi's Kadora
09:58approaches Katamori to resign as the Shogun of Kyoto.
10:05It's like jumping into the fire with a firewood.
10:09Even Zegahide should resign.
10:12Of course, I think there is a problem
10:17that he can't negotiate with the Shogun.
10:22It's a matter of money.
10:28Aizu Hanshi, who had a close relationship with the Shogunate,
10:32was ordered to guard the coast to protect Edo,
10:36and even his wealth was in debt.
10:40Nevertheless, Katamori opposed the Shogunate
10:44and resigned as the Shogun of Kyoto.
10:53This decision was the first step towards the road to Ibara.
10:59Katamori, led by Hanshi Senrin, ascended the throne.
11:05Mr. Kondo, who studies Kyoto City in Aizu Wakamatsu City,
11:10imagines the feelings of Katamori and Hanshi at that time.
11:17Katamori was determined to do his best
11:21for Tokugawa and for the Shogun.
11:27However, Hanshi was different.
11:31It was like walking for more than half a month.
11:36I was worried about my life.
11:40At that time, in Kyoto,
11:42massacres and violent robberies by the Sunjoha continued,
11:47and the public opinion was on the rise.
11:51However, Katamori did not immediately give up his military power.
11:58I was hoping that people would understand
12:02if I convinced them in theory.
12:06I was a samurai who was inspired by Katamori.
12:12Katamori, who thought that people would understand
12:16if he talked about it, also had this belief.
12:21No matter what it is,
12:23the road to public opinion must be opened.
12:28So he said to the Sunjoha.
12:35If it is a matter of state affairs,
12:38tell me without asking for a price.
12:41I will ascend the throne through the Kanpaku.
12:46First, I listened to their opinions.
12:50If I listened to their opinions,
12:53I thought it would be the best way for Katamori.
12:59Another thing that Katamori was convinced of
13:03was that we should follow the plan to maintain peace.
13:08It can be read from the reply when he was summoned from Kashin.
13:14Do not use the plan.
13:17A wise man always wins.
13:23Mr. Ochiai, who studied the Meiji Revolution from Wakumatsu,
13:27said that Emperor Komei trusted Katamori,
13:30who maintained peace in the capital with justice.
13:37As for Aizuhan, Ebun, Matsudaira, and Katamori,
13:41I think they had a pure loyalty to Emperor Komei.
13:50Katamori thought that in order to maintain peace in the country,
13:54it was necessary to combine the authority of the court and the power of the shogunate.
14:03Moreover, Emperor Komei was wearing red clothes,
14:08so he vowed loyalty to Emperor Komei.
14:14It was like a gift from heaven.
14:18Japanese people might have understood it by the end of the war,
14:22but it was a moment of happiness.
14:30In 1863, in order to push forward the Koubu Ichiba,
14:35the fall of Tokugawa Iemotsu, the 14th Shogun, was decided.
14:42The fall of Tokugawa Iemotsu was the most important event
14:46in the history of the Shogunate since Iemitsu, the 3rd Shogun.
14:52An unfortunate incident took place in Kyoto on the eve of the fall.
14:57The head of three wooden statues of Ashikaga Shogun
15:01was taken out and exposed to the Sanjo-gawara.
15:08Ashikaga Shogun was appointed by the emperor,
15:13so it was not proper for him to expose the heads of the people
15:20who were standing on the proper foundations of the shogunate and the shogunate.
15:28Those who wanted to fight against the Shogun
15:31stood in front of the Shogun Iemotsu's statue.
15:37We had to accept that this was a demonstration
15:41to incite the Shogun to attack us.
15:45We had to say,
15:47what are you doing? What are you thinking?
15:49This was more than a battle.
15:52Katamori, shivering with anger,
15:54captured the people involved in the incident and executed them.
15:59When the Shogun Iemotsu landed safely,
16:02Katamori displayed a large-scale military parade in front of Emperor Komei.
16:12It was like seeing a parade.
16:14It was like seeing a parade.
16:17It was like seeing a parade.
16:20It was like seeing a parade.
16:22I think we were able to build such a strong trust.
16:26At this time, the situation in Edo was in danger,
16:29and the Shogun Iemotsu and Yoshinobu were already retreating to Edo.
16:36The only one who could rely on was Katamori.
16:41The people of the capital fell in love with the brave Katamori
16:44and made this song popular.
16:48My name is Aizu Higo.
16:50I am the Shogun of Kyoto.
16:54I am the Shogun of Kyoto.
16:56I am the Shogun of Kyoto.
16:58I am the Shogun of Kyoto.
17:00I am the Shogun of Kyoto.
17:05After this, Katamori was dragged into the battle of Doronuma.
17:18The Battle of Doronuma
17:30Katamori held the Shinsengumi, which had become the name of the Shogun,
17:34in the hands of the Aizu clan and strengthened the security of the capital.
17:41In other words, we recognized them as a powerful group.
17:45Instead, if there was a suspicious person, we would suppress him,
17:49and if there was a disturbance, we would suppress him.
17:53Meanwhile, the Shishis of the Sonjo clan came up with a terrorist plan.
17:59They set fire to the castle,
18:01took Emperor Komei to Choshu,
18:04and assassinated Katamori.
18:08To prevent this, the Shinsengumi
18:11was attacked by the Shishis.
18:14It rained blood.
18:16It was the Ikedaya Incident.
18:20Katamori was relieved and praised the Shinsengumi.
18:24However, this incident gave birth to a new fire.
18:30The Choshu clan was cut off.
18:32From now on, the Aizu clan and the Choshu clan
18:36will not be able to avoid the clashes at the state level.
18:42The Choshu clan was about to surrender,
18:45but Katamori stopped them.
18:50As a result, the Choshu clan's grudge against the Aizu clan deepened.
18:57Chapter 3 The Shogunate
19:00Katamori's fate changed greatly
19:03when he was chosen as the Shogun of Kyoto.
19:06That's right.
19:08The job of the Shogun of Kyoto
19:11was not an official job of the Shogunate.
19:15It was established in 1862.
19:20Kyoto at that time was in a state of chaos.
19:24The Shogunate was in a state of chaos.
19:27The Kyoto Shogunate and the Kyoto Shogunate
19:30were not enough to handle the situation.
19:33The Shogunate was established
19:36to support the military forces of Kyoto.
19:39The Shogunate was established
19:42to support the military forces of Kyoto.
19:45Katamori was active in the Choshu clan
19:48after the Aikido incident.
19:51What did he do?
19:53He wanted to destroy the enemy
19:56so that he could turn the tide later.
19:59The Choshu clan knew that
20:02Yoshinobu and the Shogunate wanted him to do so.
20:05The Choshu clan knew that Yoshinobu and the Shogunate wanted him to do so.
20:08Did Katamori have no choice
20:11but to leave the Kyoto Shogunate and return to the Aizu clan?
20:16Here is Jun Ito's viewpoint
20:19on the situation of the Aizu clan.
20:24There was a chance.
20:27Emperor Komei died in December of 1866.
20:30Emperor Komei died in December of 1866.
20:33This was the right time.
20:36There was a rumor that
20:39the Aizu clan was in a state of chaos
20:42and that there was a Gassho in the people.
20:45So Katamori had to return to the Aizu clan as soon as possible
20:48because of the bad timing.
20:5120 days before Emperor Komei died,
20:54Yoshinobu had just become the Shogun.
20:57Without Katamori and the Aizu clan,
21:00Yoshinobu would lose his military influence
21:03and his ability to speak against the Shogun would be useless.
21:06At that time, Yoshinobu said something he didn't mean.
21:09He said, let's die together for the Tokugawa family.
21:12If he said that much, Katamori couldn't have survived.
21:15I don't think there is a newspaper about this.
21:19He was bound by strict teachings and had to eat a lot.
21:22He was bound by strict teachings and had to eat a lot.
21:25It's a shame that he was cornered by his superior
21:28even though he had the right timing to retreat.
21:33Katamori was determined to open a better future for the people.
21:36However, he was caught up in an unexpected war
21:39and was involved in a tragic battle.
21:43Now, let's take a look at the biggest tragedy of the Boshin War.
21:46Now, let's take a look at the biggest tragedy of the Boshin War.
21:49In 1866,
21:52there was an unexpected tragedy in Katamori.
21:56The Shogun died of illness.
22:01Even Emperor Komei was exiled.
22:06Yoshinobu, who became the 15th Shogun,
22:09decided to change the system of governance.
22:12decided to change the system of governance.
22:19When I asked him about the actual politics,
22:22he said that Tokugawa was the main force.
22:25Katamori and Aizu Hanshi were aware of this.
22:28So, they didn't oppose the change of governance.
22:31So, they didn't oppose the change of governance.
22:35Katamori followed the wise Yoshinobu
22:38and was determined to open a new era.
22:41and was determined to open a new era.
22:44However, Emperor Meiji issued an order to revive Japan.
22:47However, Emperor Meiji issued an order to revive Japan.
22:50The old tyrant was completely eliminated by the new government.
22:53The old tyrant was completely eliminated by the new government.
22:57As a result, the confrontation between the two sides intensified
23:00and Yoshinobu joined the battle.
23:11Although the old tyrant's army was quickly defeated,
23:14Yoshinobu's army was quickly defeated.
23:17However, Yoshinobu's army was quickly defeated.
23:21Let's attack Shiro-Omakura!
23:27However, that night, Yoshinobu followed a small group
23:30However, that night, Yoshinobu followed a small group
23:33and escaped to Edo by military ship.
23:37Katamori was also there.
23:41Mr. Ochiai speculated the situation at that time.
23:44Mr. Ochiai speculated the situation at that time.
23:47He lied to the Kotobato group.
23:50He said, I'm going to the military ship.
23:53He said, I'm going to the military ship.
23:56When I followed him, he set sail the boat, not assassinate it.
23:59When I followed him, he set sail the boat, not assassinate it.
24:02I was deceived.
24:05I think it was a festival.
24:12Katamori escaped to Edo, leaving his body behind.
24:15he was hanged on the day of his own death,
24:17and handed over to Nobunori,
24:19a 14-year-old man who was his father-in-law.
24:26I went back to Edo in a mysterious way.
24:30I didn't even apologize.
24:33I did apologize.
24:36After that, the new government,
24:38which was centered on Choshu,
24:40issued a decree to make Aizu-han
24:42as a super-enemy of Edo.
24:47No, no way!
24:51Furthermore, there was an attack.
24:55Get out of Edo!
24:58Yoshinobu, who had fought and acted with him,
25:01was seen off many times.
25:07Katamori returned to Aizu,
25:10and was concerned about the future.
25:15The rebels were determined to fight,
25:19and Katamori had left them,
25:22and went back to Edo.
25:25In some cases, I thought
25:27it would be good to kill them together.
25:31The new government urged Aizu-han to surrender,
25:36but Katamori refused.
25:41Hearing his decision,
25:43the old rebels, such as Fuana Hanpei and Shinsengumi,
25:46led by Katamori's younger brother, Sadaaki,
25:49gathered in Aizu one after another.
25:55Furthermore, Tohoku Shohan,
25:57which had joined Aizu,
25:59formed the O-Uetsu Reppan Alliance,
26:02and established the Jurisumo Shia,
26:05who were determined to fight against the new government.
26:16On May 1st,
26:18the Aizu War began
26:20with the capture of Shirakawaguchi,
26:22the gateway to the Tohoku region.
26:27The number of soldiers of the new government, 700,
26:30and those of the Reppan Alliance, 2500,
26:33were superior in number.
26:37However, among the Reppan Alliance,
26:40there was a faction that focused on Hinawa Juu,
26:43the Sanagara of the Sengoku period,
26:45and the new government army,
26:47which used the latest weapons,
26:49easily defeated the castle.
26:51Then, aiming at the Reppan Alliance,
26:54they marched to each direction.
26:59There was an idea to isolate Aizu.
27:02So, we decided to eliminate Nihonmatsu,
27:05Tanakura, and Miharu,
27:07which were following them.
27:12Nihonmatsu Castle was considered
27:14to be a stronghold of Oshu since the Middle Ages.
27:17However, the soldiers went to various places,
27:20and the defense was weak.
27:23The number of young soldiers,
27:25aged 12 to 17,
27:27would fall within a day.
27:33After that, Aizu became even more vulnerable.
27:42The Reppan Alliance lost in the battle
27:45between Aizu and Nihonmatsu.
27:48They were defeated in the battle of Monari Pass.
27:55Takizawa Honji was at the entrance of Aizu,
27:58which was beyond the pass.
28:02There are many scars of the battle
28:05left on the building.
28:09Katamori led the battle
28:12against Shinseifu Army.
28:17However, the enemy was approaching
28:20from the nearby bridge,
28:22so he made a decision.
28:27He stayed in Nakamatsu Castle
28:29and continued the battle.
28:32The battle of Rojo
28:34was already expected
28:37when the land was banned from Edo.
28:49On August 23,
28:51the Shinseifu Army,
28:53which attacked Nakamatsu Castle,
28:56was blocked by high walls.
29:00In the castle,
29:01children raised octopuses
29:03to show their presence
29:05to their soldiers outside the castle
29:08and obeyed their orders.
29:12Young soldiers,
29:14aged 10 to 18,
29:16also joined the battle,
29:18but the situation worsened.
29:21Aizu Bukeyashiki,
29:23which was in the middle of the battle,
29:28was in a state of emergency.
29:3521 people, including
29:37family members and children,
29:40died in the battle.
29:42They were afraid of their father
29:45and their eldest son
29:47fighting against the enemy
29:50and died in the battle.
29:54The same thing happened
29:56in the house of Aizu.
29:59It is said that more than 230 people
30:02died in the battle of Aizu.
30:11The Shinseifu Army,
30:13which was in a hurry
30:15to capture Nakamatsu Castle,
30:18attacked from above.
30:23From here,
30:25you can see the castle
30:27much lower.
30:29The distance is about 1.5 km.
30:31It is a shooting range
30:33that can reach a cannon.
30:35It seems to be very powerful.
30:37You can see the situation
30:39where an angel
30:41hit a bullet
30:43from here.
30:45The Shinseifu Army
30:47used the latest Armstrong cannon
30:49to shoot at the castle
30:51all night long.
30:55It must have been scary.
30:57It must have been a psychological
30:59attack from here.
31:03I can't let the battle
31:05last any longer.
31:07The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
31:09The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
31:11The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
31:13The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
31:15Katamori, who won the battle,
31:17raised the white flag
31:19and surrendered.
31:23Katamori lost the battle.
31:27Katamori was the general
31:29of the defeated army,
31:31but he was executed
31:33by Hanshira,
31:35who was not impressed.
31:38Among the executives
31:40of the Shinseifu Army,
31:42there were a few people
31:44who were impressed
31:46that Katamori was an enemy
31:48but a hero.
31:51Hanshira praised Katamori
31:53who fought with
31:55the faith of Aizu
31:57with tears.
31:59The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
32:01The Battle of Nakamatsu Castle
32:03During the Battle of Nakamatsu,
32:05Katamori was fighting
32:07with a straight mind.
32:09I can't believe
32:11that this is the result
32:13we've been waiting for.
32:15That's right.
32:17The Aizu War
32:19has caused many tragedies.
32:21The tragedy of the white flag
32:23is famous, but there are
32:25233 women who were killed.
32:27If you enter the castle,
32:29you will be trampled.
32:31If you enter the castle,
32:33you will be exiled.
32:35There was no choice
32:37but to surrender.
32:39However, the daughters
32:41who were in their 20s
32:43entered the castle
32:45and fought
32:47with the men.
32:51Let's go back to the story.
32:53During the Battle of Toba,
32:55Katamori and Yoshinobu
32:57escaped from Osaka Castle.
32:59According to the VTR,
33:01Yoshinobu deceived Katamori.
33:03I think so.
33:05Katamori had been sick
33:07since he became the governor
33:09of Kyoto.
33:11However,
33:13during the Battle of Toba,
33:15Katamori was defeated
33:17and Aizu Hanpei
33:19was sent to Osaka.
33:21Katamori abandoned
33:23Aizu Hanpei
33:25and went to Edo.
33:27I think that
33:29Aizu Hanpei
33:31lost his life
33:33during the Battle of Toba.
33:35There were 237 Aizu Hanpei
33:37who lost their lives
33:39during the Battle of Toba.
33:41There were about 115 Aizu Hanpei
33:43who surrendered
33:45during the Battle of Toba.
33:47Aizu Hanpei's body
33:49was found
33:51in Kyoto.
33:53Although
33:55Yoshinobu and Katamori
33:57were always together,
33:59Aizu Hanpei was
34:01the enemy of Yoshinobu.
34:03Katamori was exiled from Edo.
34:05What did Katamori
34:07think about Yoshinobu?
34:09Aizu Hanpei
34:11realized that
34:13Yoshinobu was the enemy of Yoshinobu.
34:15He realized that
34:17Yoshinobu gave Aizu Hanpei
34:19a hard time.
34:21Did Katamori have any
34:23grudge against Yoshinobu?
34:25I think he did.
34:27However, Katamori
34:29never said anything
34:31to Aizu Hanpei.
34:33That's why Aizu Hanpei
34:35is loved by everyone.
34:37Considering Katamori's position,
34:39after all the battles,
34:41I thought that
34:43it wouldn't be strange
34:45if Aizu Hanpei was executed.
34:47Aizu Hanpei was
34:49the prime minister of Japan.
34:51Aizu Hanpei and Yoshinobu
34:53were the executioners of Katamori.
34:55However,
34:57I think that
34:59Aizu Hanpei should have
35:01killed Katamori
35:03when the war was over.
35:05By killing Katamori,
35:07Aizu Hanpei would have
35:09apologized to Yoshinobu.
35:11That's why
35:13Aizu Hanpei could
35:15apologize to Yoshinobu.
35:17Aizu Hanpei was a diligent
35:19and honest person.
35:21However, if he failed,
35:23he was blamed for it.
35:25Sometimes,
35:27he was rude.
35:31After the war was over,
35:33what path did Katamori
35:35take?
35:37Let's take a look
35:39at what Katamori said
35:41to Aizu Hanpei.
35:43After the war,
35:45Katamori was exiled to Edo.
35:47He was forced to live in exile.
35:49Even when he was asked
35:51about his past,
35:53he said he didn't
35:55talk about it.
35:57When I talk about it,
35:59people come up to me
36:01and bother me.
36:03I think it's a sign of his ignorance.
36:05Twelve years after the war,
36:07Katamori turned 46
36:09and got a new job.
36:11He was appointed
36:13as the governor
36:15of Nikko.
36:17The role of protecting
36:19Tokugawa Ieyasu,
36:21the first general of Edo,
36:23was to follow
36:25Aizu Hanso
36:27and Hoshina Masayuki's
36:29orders.
36:31I must do my best
36:33to protect the general.
36:37I want to protect
36:39the people of Nikko.
36:41That's why I became
36:43the governor of Nikko.
36:47History of Fukushima Prefecture
36:49is a collection of documents
36:51and documents of the prefecture.
36:55In 1888,
36:57Watanabe found
36:59Katamori's name
37:01in a banknote
37:03that belonged
37:05to Bandai.
37:07There are about
37:0970,000 names
37:11and amounts in the banknote.
37:13In the banknote,
37:15Katamori Matsudaira
37:17wrote
37:19200 yen.
37:21If you look at
37:23today's amount,
37:25it's 8 million yen.
37:27Of all the money
37:29donated,
37:31it's the highest
37:33amount,
37:3620 years after the end
37:38of the Aizu War.
37:40The eruption of Bandai
37:42that shook the people
37:44of Aizu again
37:46was a disaster
37:48that killed 500 people.
37:50The Aizu,
37:52which used to be
37:54my own prison,
37:56was now
37:58seen as a disaster.
38:00I think it was a feeling
38:02that I couldn't stand
38:04anymore.
38:06Katamori, who continued
38:08to pray for peace
38:10in Aizu,
38:12passed away
38:14at the age of 59
38:16five years later.
38:18Katamori Matsudaira
38:20lived desperately
38:22even though he was
38:24tormented by the times.
38:26What is his charm?
38:28I don't think
38:30he was mischievous.
38:32I think it would be
38:34very difficult
38:36to welcome him as a man.
38:38I think his charm is
38:40that he was modest
38:42even though
38:44he had his own thoughts.
38:46I think that's
38:48one of the biggest charms
38:50of Katamori.
38:52He admits his mistakes
38:54even though he
38:56has his own beliefs.
38:58He lives a dignified life.
39:00There are many people
39:02who are moved
39:04by his attitude.
39:10He is modest,
39:12pure,
39:14and a good person.
39:16However,
39:18it is difficult
39:20for a good person
39:22to survive
39:24or win in this world.
39:26The end of the world
39:28is coming.
39:30A good person
39:32will survive.
39:34I was surprised
39:36to hear that
39:38Katamori became
39:40the son of Nikko Toshogu.
39:42What kind of life
39:44did he have before that?
39:46After Aizu,
39:48Katamori lived in
39:50a house in Edo.
39:52Katamori was a
39:54diligent man
39:56who stayed in the house
39:58for a long time.
40:00He didn't talk to anyone
40:02and didn't eat much.
40:04He just lived his life.
40:06The famous story
40:08of Katamori
40:10is that
40:12Emperor Komei
40:14gave him a letter
40:16saying that
40:18he believed in him.
40:20He put the letter
40:22in a small bag
40:24and gave it to Komei.
40:26Komei was very upset
40:28that he was treated
40:30as a super enemy.
40:32It was the first time
40:34that the letter was revealed
40:36after his death.
40:38What happened to
40:40the Aizu people
40:42after the Aizu war?
40:44The Aizu people
40:46were exterminated
40:48and 280,000 of them
40:50were taken away.
40:52They were taken to
40:54a place called
40:56Tonami,
40:58which is about 30,000 km away.
41:00However,
41:02the environment there
41:04was very harsh.
41:06They were forced to
41:08make fake money
41:10and were punished for it.
41:12Some of the local merchants
41:14were killed
41:16by the Aizu people.
41:18In Aomori prefecture,
41:20there is a word
41:22called Aizu Getaka
41:24or Aizu Hado Zamurai.
41:26Getaka means
41:28a type of insect
41:30that eats anything
41:32that grows in the mountains.
41:34Hado Zamurai means
41:36a type of pigeon
41:38that eats only soy beans
41:40and tofu shells.
41:42It is said that
41:44the Aizu people
41:46were the biggest
41:48victims of the Aizu war.
41:50I think so.
41:54Next,
41:56we will learn
41:58a lesson
42:00from the defeat
42:02of Katamori Matsudaira.
42:04Now,
42:06we will learn
42:08a lesson
42:10from the defeat
42:12of Katamori Matsudaira.
42:14In the case of Katamori Matsudaira,
42:16he was told
42:18not to trust people
42:20and not to hold grudges.
42:22Also,
42:24he was told
42:26not to rely on others.
42:28Katamori Matsudaira
42:30was determined
42:32to become
42:34the governor of Kyoto.
42:36He relied on Yoshinobu
42:38because he wanted
42:40to unify
42:42the power of Yoshinobu.
42:44Of course,
42:46Yoshinobu didn't want
42:48to abandon Katamori.
42:50But it was
42:52just a hope.
42:54He relied on Yoshinobu
42:56too much
42:58and suffered a terrible defeat.
43:02I think
43:04many people
43:06think that
43:08all these lessons
43:10are natural.
43:12However,
43:14there are so many people
43:16who are in danger.
43:18It's true.
43:20It's a simple lesson,
43:22but it's not easy.
43:24So,
43:26Katamori Matsudaira
43:28realized that
43:30lessons are
43:32as important as
43:34natural things.
43:36If you trust people
43:38and make a mistake,
43:40you can learn from them.
43:42This is a lesson
43:44from Katamori Matsudaira's defeat.
43:48In the last episode,
43:50Yoshinobu Tokugawa
43:52failed because
43:54he was too good.
43:56But this time,
43:58he failed because
44:00he was too good.
44:02Unfortunately,
44:04Katamori is a serious person.
44:06He said that
44:08he was too good.
44:10However,
44:12we shouldn't
44:14look down on people.
44:16We have to
44:18be honest
44:20in order to
44:22deceive people.
44:24The situation
44:26has changed a lot
44:28since the end of the Edo period.
44:30I want people
44:32to understand
44:34Katamori better.
44:36That's right.
44:38I think people
44:40appreciate Katamori now.
44:42I want people
44:44to know that.
44:46That's right.
44:48Ito-san, thank you for today.
44:52Lessons from the Defeat.
44:54See you next time.