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Explore diverse ecosystems, witness the behavior of magnificent creatures, and gain insight into conservation efforts around the globe.
Whether you're a nature enthusiast or simply curious about the wonders of wildlife, these expertly crafted documentaries promise to educate, inspire, and entertain.
Follow now and embark on a journey to discover the beauty and complexity of our planet’s natural heritage.
:
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• Wildlife is suffering.
Wildlife on planet Earth is under siege from all sides, facing down habitat loss and the impact of climate change. Some of the biggest threats to wildlife include illegal wildlife trade, habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and climate change.
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AnimalsTranscript
00:00Attraction and reproduction are two very potent driving forces in the animal world.
00:08Intense, often breathtaking, and on many occasions very aggressive behavior is a common symptom.
00:30Chilean flamingos engage in a beautiful and elegant choreography, a communal bridal show
00:41full of tension. The flamingos come together for breeding and to participate in a series
00:51of spectacularly synchronized dances that help them channel the tension generated by
00:57reproductive passions, whilst at the same time needing to form a defensive colony.
01:08But despite efforts to manage such an outpouring of energy
01:11in a civilized way, there are times when battle becomes unavoidable.
01:57In this case, one of the male hopefuls is attacked by a group of roustabouts.
02:07The suitor has no choice but to flee.
02:17Far from shimmering, simmering Andean lagoons and marshes,
02:22tales of love and violence go hand in hand in the Mediterranean forest.
02:27Red deer. Today they're calm and wander through the forest, grazing where they go.
02:51In the grass beneath their hooves, strange-looking crickets prowl.
02:58The heads of Lusitanian spade crickets are flat and elongated, like a kind of retractable hood.
03:08Right now they seem more interested in finding some food and swallowing it in a hurry,
03:13rather than any other passion. Nobody quite knows why they have such a strangely shaped head,
03:20an extraordinary hood-like feature.
03:27The good weather arrives, long hot days raising the atmospheric temperature
03:32and with it the spirits of many species.
03:41An almost palpable tension pervades above the deer and cricket's heads,
03:46making the large insects below nervous.
03:49Excited by hormones, stag beetles are in their apogee, full of energy.
04:06Their outrageous jaws are out of all proportion to the size of their owners.
04:11Although they have the same purpose, the antlers of actual stags are small in comparison.
04:20Such formidable apparatus is intended to intimidate and, if necessary, fight.
04:31Males compete with each other for females in a very small territory,
04:35right in their prospective partner's backyards.
04:39Female stag beetles emit powerful pheromones that attract males,
04:43and these two are the only ones who can compete.
04:49The two must compete for her favours.
04:54Just as elsewhere in the world, three is a crowd.
04:58The more aggressive beetle will chase off his rivals.
05:06One launches the first attack.
05:14The other looks for something to give him an advantage,
05:17a position that allows him to fight back.
05:25The former will not give up until he expels his opponent, or loses his little kingdom.
05:33It's an undisputed KO. The more aggressive beetle the first to show his hand wins.
05:47So
06:05the loser must now fly off in search of another female to conquer.
06:17So
06:22it's only a matter of time before the red deer are also in heat and start their own battles.
06:31At the end of summer, the first storms refresh the heavy atmosphere,
06:36and it's now that the unbridled zeal of the deer really starts.
06:40So
06:44the bellowing of large males fills the forest, a strategy intended to intimidate any opponent.
06:57The spectacle of males bellowing at the tops of their lungs and fighting with all their might
07:03seems to hark back to the jousting of medieval knights intent on winning their lady's favours
07:09by bringing down all adversaries.
07:19The stag's mission is to maintain a sizable and exclusive harem within his woodland kingdom,
07:24and reproduce with all of them. But other males are jealous of both his territory and his females.
07:33The nature of the confrontation changes from challenging bellows to close quarters combat.
07:39So
07:55the crack of clashing horns will echo around these woods for several weeks.
08:09So
08:40So
08:47far away, high up in the rugged mountains that tower over the mediterranean forests,
08:52another conflict of interest begins with the onset of the colder days of autumn.
09:09So
09:16on the sheer rocky outcrops of the Sierra de Gredos, Iberian ibex, Spanish wild goats,
09:23face deadly dangers every day. But right now those risks are heightened.
09:30An urgent new encyclical question is added to the perils of living in their vertiginous mountain
09:37home.
09:48It's the mating season. Even youngsters are caught up in the tension.
09:53They're the first to rehearse the ritual fights.
09:57So
10:03anywhere will do for practicing a thumping headbutt.
10:09And there are no age limits.
10:14So
10:26ibex hone their fighting skills from when they're kids,
10:30so that when they reach maturity they can employ them with maximum efficiency.
10:43So
11:14so
11:18it seems this female is finding the attention of the increasingly inquisitive males
11:23as they check her potential fertility overwhelming.
11:30The most powerful goat is first in line.
11:38To gain that privileged position he has seen his fair share of battles.
11:44So
11:59during the mating season vertigo in the heights and vicious horns are the twin prongs of a daily
12:06dilemma.
12:20When in heat males focus all their energy on driving away any rival.
12:25And that leads to more than just a bout of head scratching.
12:30They smash into each other in rutting contests that can last for hours.
12:36So
12:38so
13:03the sierra shudders with the sound of head-on collisions.
13:08So
13:39despite the ferocity of the fighting there are never casualties,
13:43although maybe a fair few headaches.
14:00At the foot of the mountains in mediterranean home oak groves
14:04as the amorous zeal of the goats abates some very scandalous birds keep the flame of passion alight.
14:14Cranes.
14:35So
14:47common or eurasian cranes spend the winter among the iberian oak homes feeding on acorns and tender shoots.
14:58Like many tourists from northern europe they come to spain for a winter vacation
15:03looking for good weather sunshine and food.
15:07Here they can escape the snowfalls and blizzards of their colder homes.
15:33So
15:40Their life cycle is governed by both the length of the days and the weather.
15:48Just before they journey back to where they will bring up their family they go into heat.
15:53Their iconic suggestive courtship dances take place against the backdrop of home oaks.
16:03Their calls ring out in the cold winter air.
16:14Males proudly display their plumage. They stretch their necks and trumpet loudly.
16:23So
16:31The most ardent males noisily face up to each other. The tension increases.
16:36Females look on without wishing to seem too interested.
16:40So
16:50At the climax of the show the males finally jump and attack each other.
17:10So
17:12So
17:37It may still be winter but the power of love and sex
17:42spreads unashamedly.
17:49The cranes dance and fight during the day and at night the curtain raises on the evening show.
18:00It's the turn of natajak toads.
18:02So
18:07All the toads from across the region congregate in the warmest ponds when they reach barely five or six degrees centigrade.
18:19Before winter had fully passed the largest males were already swimming in the small lakes.
18:25They were the first to arrive followed by hundreds more
18:29to form a nocturnal chorus that deafens the darkness.
18:40The males throats swell and they croak with all their might.
18:49It's a sound that can be heard over a kilometer away.
18:52All this vocal enthusiasm and effort is to all intents and purposes the amphibian version of the voice.
18:59Albeit with a very different prize.
19:02Each male sings with every drop of energy he has in order to attract a female.
19:12It's not an easy task for them to distinguish between so many competitors.
19:16The best singer, according to the jury of female toads, will be the first to mate.
19:25The males embrace the females from behind while they lay their eggs.
19:32Singing is only the first part of the exercise, however.
19:36Many times during this mating frenzy, the toads will even engage in a strange hand-to-hand sumo wrestling match.
19:43Other hopeful males, knowing only their own passion, try to split the happy couple up.
19:49The fertile female is buried under an avalanche of males who kick and lash out at each other to get to the prize.
19:58The male toad is the first to mate.
20:01The female toad is the second to mate.
20:05The male toad is the third to mate.
20:09The male toad is the fourth to mate.
20:12The male toad is the fifth to mate.
20:15They kick and lash out at each other to get to the prize.
20:24Having such slippery bodies does not prevent a fierce tussle from breaking out.
20:45The first male to mate will not give up his bride.
20:48He holds her tight to assure he fulfills his part of the reproductive process.
21:06The first male to mate will not give up his bride.
21:09He holds her tight to assure he fulfills his part of the reproductive process.
21:15He holds her tight to assure he fulfills his part of the reproductive process.
21:28And still, the fight to reproduce can get more feverish.
21:34It's late May in the forests of Canada.
21:38Common garter snakes are beginning to wake up from their winter sleep.
21:45♪♪♪
21:55♪♪♪
21:59The first to emerge from hibernation are the males.
22:07Within a few days, around 70,000 males will take possession of a small part of the forest floor.
22:15This is the highest concentration of snakes per square metre on the whole planet.
22:27And they're all here for one and the same reason,
22:30to mate, although very few will succeed.
22:39The females emerge individually a little later.
22:42Barely have they sniffed the warming spring air
22:45when they're surrounded by countless males who try to conquer them.
22:50The tension is almost unbearable.
22:52For every female, there are up to 5,000 suitors.
23:06But although the males have just come out of a long sleep,
23:09they will only live for another month with the sole objective of mating.
23:13In this time, they will not eat, drink or rest.
23:21They spend what limited energy they have in a frenetic effort to mate.
23:28Every one of them is under tremendous stress,
23:30as they must fight off thousands of opponents every time a female appears.
23:40It may be bloodless, but it is nonetheless an intense struggle,
23:44and it takes a heavy toll on the male garter snakes.
23:55Scientists have shown that their frenzied passion causes premature ageing and death
24:01much sooner and in worse conditions than females.
24:09So,
24:28the heart of the Brazilian jungles near the Amazon region.
24:34Despite their fiery and iridescent plumage,
24:37Andean cock-of-the-rock birds manage to keep out of sight while eating.
24:48They gorge on the fruits of palm trees.
24:50Food here is abundant and there's always something appetizing to wolf down.
25:07This is a time of recharging batteries, of gaining strength in preparation for what's coming.
25:17Every afternoon, all through the year, each male cock-of-the-rock flies to its own corner of the
25:28jungle. They're in training for the key moments of their reproductive behavior. In areas of the
25:41jungle known as leks, dozens of cock-of-the-rock gather to compete, like gladiators meeting in the
25:51sandy arenas of ancient Rome. They arrive little by little and settle in the branches. They study
26:04their opponents and shout at each other. It's a constant bustle.
26:25And the ritual is always the same. Loud calls and cackles are the first line of attack to
26:31drive off rivals, then shaking feathers and wings, then little pursuits. Everyone tries
26:39to find the best position where the sun's rays filter through the thick foliage. The bright
26:45beams of the setting sun are a highly prized commodity that makes their plumage seem to
26:50burn like fire. Only the most attractive will get the best mates.
27:02These are no empty-headed Zoolander-like models. They carefully calculate the time
27:08and find the exact place the sunlight will burst through the leaves. They prepare thoroughly
27:15throughout the year for just a few days of the mating season when females come to look
27:20for the most splendid males.
27:22Far away, in another ever-dwindling jungle, another battle takes place. In this one,
27:52though, colour is used as a weapon. These fascinating jungles in Madagascar are inhabited
28:01by their very own species. The island is the only home of lemurs, a unique kind of ape.
28:11It's also where the most species of chameleons are found together. More than 30 of these
28:21surprising reptiles. There are giant chameleons and dwarf chameleons here. One species is
28:37Parsons' chameleon. Unlike toads, cock-of-the-rock and the vast majority of animals, it's female
28:47chameleons that fight for the attention of males. Parsons' chameleon is small, so it can
28:59hide perfectly among the jungle greenery. This is a very useful characteristic that
29:07helps them avoid being hunted and eaten. Chameleons are experts in camouflaging themselves
29:24and go unnoticed by many other animals. But between individuals of the same species,
29:29there are no secrets. They can always see each other. Their suit of camouflage can
29:39change colour almost in an instant if a warning signal is needed. And when a male and two females
29:51come close, and the same tree is considered close, then war is inevitable. These are the
29:59true Amazonian warriors. There can be no sisterly compromise. This tree is not big enough for the
30:09both of them. Chameleons change colour to fight, communicating irritation, jealousy or anger to
30:20their rivals. When discovered, the battle begins. Lighting up with vibrant reddish colours,
30:38the more aggressive chameleon threatens the newcomer. The subordinate also changes colour
30:48in an attempt to resist. The fight is a kaleidoscope of incendiary colours,
30:54each change of skin tone intended to expel the competition. The fight ends with the expected
31:12outcome. The weaker chameleon raises the white flag, and the victorious female now
31:18waits for her male to arrive at his appointed hour. Call it love, sex or reproduction,
31:28it drives all creatures, pulling the strings across the whole planet in a staggering variety of ways.
31:35Sometimes very harsh. In Chile, in the Atacama desert,
31:49the local cow-polican bees hover around the outskirts of their underground cities.
32:06In the driest desert in the world, life is very hard indeed. Bees have found that the best way to
32:14escape the heat and aridity is to excavate chambers in the sand which retain some humidity and coolness.
32:20Cow-polican bees build their small subterranean colonies near the entrances of local residents'
32:30burrows. A small swarm of males patrols the city gates. Males with their striking orange
32:50thorax seem very abundant. In contrast, the duller-coloured females are conspicuous in
33:01their absence until one emerges from the cool earth. She immediately goes to work,
33:19but as soon as she appears at the surface, she's descended on by a group of males.
33:23The competition is fierce. This may be the male cow-polican's only chance to reproduce.
33:47The males fight bitterly over the female. They pounce on her and she seems unaware of
33:55how to act in light of such a fulminating attack. Some males may have managed to fertilise her,
34:14but many others, exhausted by the combat and the heat, die out in the sun.
34:19Above the corpses of the tiny insects, their neighbours, burrowing parrots like giant
34:40colourful bumblebees, buzz around their large colony.
35:10While the cow-polican bees lead quiet, discreet lives, burrowing parrots are
35:17somewhat annoying neighbours who yell for no reason and without taking a breath.
35:40Burrowing parrots live together and fight together.
36:10This parrot species usually forms stable mating couples,
36:38but as in any relationship, there are good days and bad days.
37:08Communal life offers protection and company, but it also brings a lot of stress and rivalry.
37:16There are close relationships on the one side and the eternal squabbling of couples and neighbours
37:29on the other. And yet, despite the fights, parrots will never draw blood.
37:59In fact, even size does not necessarily mean that fights will end with blood flowing.
38:15Southern elephant seals rest on the beaches of the Valdez Peninsula in Argentina.
38:24They spend only a couple of months each year on land in order to reproduce.
38:29The males spread out over the beaches to form their harems, which vary slightly in number.
38:55But despite their considerable efforts, only a few males are able to maintain a harem.
39:01They do so only once in their lives, so at that time they must fight without rest.
39:24Each male must defend his group of fertile females. For weeks, the male elephant seals
39:46hardly sleep or eat. Defending the exclusivity of their reproductive partners occupies all
39:52their time and energy. Male elephant seals appear to be capable of the fiercest combat
40:02in the natural world. Although in reality, determination is the most important thing.
40:22Shouting and pushing intimidates most competitors, and it certainly helps if you
40:32can really throw your weight around to back up your verbal threats. Titanic males weighing up
40:43to four tons smash into each other to establish priority when it comes to passing on their genes.
40:52And once he's driven off his rivals, a male will focus on his females in a display of surprisingly
41:05tender affection.
41:22Love, sex, violence, an explosive recipe, and one not only seen in Hollywood.
41:51Ritualized mating behaviors are common in the wild and have evolved in order to avoid unhappy
42:00endings. Black flanked rock wallabies swarm over the ancient rocky outcrops of Australia. These
42:11little kangaroo-like marsupials are usually very peaceful. They live in stony environments where
42:23they can make a quick getaway if the need arises. Among the rocks, they know where to find the
42:35plants on which they feed and the small pools where the water from the last rains is stored.
42:41Rock wallabies lead an austere but largely quiet and calm existence. Until the script
43:06turns to sex and ignites their passions that is. Then the scent of fertility that females
43:21produce is enough for males to go from being BFFs to hateful adversaries. The transformation
43:34into violent, ruthless beings is almost beyond fiction. The mating season for rock wallabies
43:54is a free-for-all, free boxing match. No rights or rules in this bout. The gloves are off and
44:01anything goes. Flying kicks, punches, slaps and scratches and one male emerges victorious.
44:32ROAR
44:36ROAR
44:41ROAR
44:47ROAR
44:52ROAR
44:57ROAR
45:01ROAR
45:05ROAR
45:09ROAR
45:18And in a no-limit street fight like this, serious injuries are incurred. The loser can come off
45:27very badly indeed. Passion pushes animal behavior in many different and startling directions.
45:37Some of the most remarkable natural spectacles on the planet are triggered by sex. Desire,
45:49the basic need to reproduce. Elegant dances, devastating duels, brutal brawls. Each species
45:58has its own effective and decisive way of resolving affairs of the heart.