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Explore diverse ecosystems, witness the behavior of magnificent creatures, and gain insight into conservation efforts around the globe.
Whether you're a nature enthusiast or simply curious about the wonders of wildlife, these expertly crafted documentaries promise to educate, inspire, and entertain.
Follow now and embark on a journey to discover the beauty and complexity of our planet’s natural heritage.
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• Wildlife is suffering.
Wildlife on planet Earth is under siege from all sides, facing down habitat loss and the impact of climate change. Some of the biggest threats to wildlife include illegal wildlife trade, habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, and climate change.
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AnimalsTranscript
00:00Every one of Earth's ecosystems is a war zone,
00:05where animals must fight to survive.
00:09Battling for land, family, and food.
00:14But how dangerous are they to humans?
00:19What damage can they deliver,
00:21and what are the chances of an attack?
00:30Analyze the threat of each contender,
00:37and discover the deadliest of them all.
00:41The rainforests of Central America.
01:03The canopy is comprised of multiple habitats,
01:07with varied communities occupying every layer.
01:14Each niche is home to different creatures,
01:19adapted to exploit their particular elevation
01:22for food, safety, or reproduction.
01:30Reigning at the very peak, an apex predator.
01:39One that the creatures below live in fear of.
01:47The harpy eagle.
01:54The largest raptor in the rainforest.
02:00Harpy eagles raise their chicks in a nest
02:04they will reuse for generations.
02:10Their large offspring demand the parents hunt on a daily basis.
02:22The harpy eagle's talons are up to 13 centimeters long,
02:27and can produce over 50 kilograms of crushing power.
02:33Enough to penetrate the flesh of most animals.
02:38Even sloths, which can weigh up to eight kilograms,
02:43can be plucked from a tree branch.
02:59The harpy eagle is an ambush hunter.
03:05Patience proves success.
03:09She can wait silently for hours, watching for prey.
03:16Her vision is excellent, distinguishing tiny movements
03:20from 200 meters away.
03:27The harpy dives toward her quarry,
03:30approaching at 80 kilometers per hour.
03:35Sensing impending doom, the monkeys scramble.
03:42The raptor is agile, shifting her trajectory.
03:51The hunter returns to the nest, where she'll
03:54strip the carcass for her young.
03:57The harpy eagle can inflict severe damage on a human being,
04:01with their incredible claws.
04:04But encounters are unlikely to be fatal.
04:07However, eagles in general have been
04:10recorded snatching babies from indigenous communities.
04:20If a human does approach the harpy eagle,
04:24adult harpies are known to perform a number of sorties,
04:28striking several times, targeting the head.
04:43The harpy eagle initiates the list of Southern America's
04:47most dangerous animals.
04:53Taking off from 10th position.
05:07The wondrous Amazon River.
05:12It's estimated that one fifth of all water that runs off
05:16the Earth's surface flows through the Amazon, which
05:21stretches nearly 3,000 kilometers.
05:41Its murky waters are the habitat of a toothed terror.
05:52Of the 20 different species of piranha,
05:56some of which are vegetarian, the carnivorous red-bellied
06:01piranha is the savage fish of legend.
06:07They hunt in groups and can attack in a feeding frenzy.
06:14They prefer the dead or dying, but will engage larger prey
06:19in the dry season when the waters are low.
06:25There are plenty of predators who eat piranha,
06:30like the giant otter.
06:35So the fish seek safety in numbers, moving in large shoals.
06:48Opportunistic and cannibalistic, they
06:53won't hesitate to feed on the scraps of their own kind.
07:05Adult piranha have rows of interlocking teeth,
07:09each blade measuring up to 4 centimeters long.
07:13Inflicting a bite force three times their body weight.
07:19Piranha don't chew flesh.
07:21They just bite and swallow, explaining their ability
07:25to strip an animal so quickly.
07:28A ripened fig falls into Amazonian waters.
07:35The piranhas strip their prey in seconds.
07:49The piranhas are the only species of fish
07:53that can survive in the dry season.
07:59Piranhas are common in the Amazon,
08:02but only turn aggressive when food stocks
08:05are low in the dry season.
08:14The fish are unlikely to kill humans,
08:17and most people will escape with minor injuries, which
08:21can happen in seconds.
08:30The toothed piranha occupies ninth position
08:34on the list of Southern America's most dangerous animals.
08:39The New World monkeys of Southern America
08:43appeared in the fossil record about 30 million years ago.
08:51Distinct from their African cousins, the original primates,
08:56the New World monkeys are almost exclusively tree dwellers.
09:01Characterized by their prehensile tail,
09:05which act like an additional limb to navigate
09:09the complex canopy.
09:15One New World monkey is the largest
09:18in the world in terms of size and weight.
09:21The varied species live in large family groups.
09:25Troops of around 20 individuals dominated
09:29by an alpha male.
09:35The New World monkey is the largest
09:38in the world in terms of size and weight.
09:41The varied species live in large family groups.
09:45Troops of around 20 individuals dominated by an alpha male.
10:00The smartest of the New World monkeys,
10:03capuchins are adept at using tools to their advantage.
10:11Such expert foragers that other animals often follow them
10:16in search of forest fruits.
10:22Incredibly, they understand the pharmaceutical benefits
10:26of tropical remedies, rubbing plants on their bodies
10:30to ward off parasites or even as inflammatory relief.
10:42Their 36 teeth have extraordinarily thick enamel
10:47Their 36 teeth have extraordinarily thick enamel
10:50to help crack open nuts and seeds without breaking.
10:55But they are also weapons.
10:58Their 8-centimeter, razor-sharp canines
11:02deployed during combat.
11:06A brown capuchin alpha enjoys his jungle meal.
11:11But a lower-ranking monkey is hungry too.
11:21Quick to anger, a capuchin battle erupts
11:25as other juveniles join the fray.
11:28Another capuchin battle erupts as other juveniles join the fray.
11:33The young monkeys are lucky, more wild capuchins are killed by infighting than any other cause
12:01of death. Across the world capuchins are common pets, but after about five years of age they
12:13can turn on their owners, potentially transmitting a host of diseases including rabies. If bitten
12:25infected saliva enters the wound and travels to the spinal cord and brain.
12:35Rabies is often fatal to unvaccinated people.
12:45The likelihood of being attacked by a capuchin in the wild
12:49is quite low as they will quickly escape anything they perceive as a threat.
12:56However, the potential of infectious zoonotic diseases poses a serious threat to humans.
13:18The aggressively intelligent capuchin lurks at eighth position among the most dangerous
13:24animals of southern America.
13:41South-central Brazil is home to one of the world's largest wetlands, the Pantanal.
13:49A gigantic seasonal floodplain, its grasslands and jungles
13:58are transformed into an inland sea during the rainy season.
14:07A feasting paradise for South America's semi-aquatic predators.
14:19One giant traverses the wetland, almost invisible.
14:29The anaconda hasn't evolved venom, it prefers to squeeze the life out of its prey.
14:42The green anaconda is the largest species of constrictor in the world,
14:48reaching lengths of 10 meters and weighing 250 kilograms.
15:02Anacondas are great swimmers.
15:07Their eyes and nostrils are located high, allowing them to hunt almost completely submerged.
15:15A young caiman lurks in the vegetation, oblivious of the great snake.
15:25The constrictor quickly entangles its prey.
15:31It was thought that anacondas killed by restricting their victims' breathing.
15:37In fact, they constrict blood flow to the heart, causing cardiac arrest.
15:44Only when they sense the victim has stopped breathing, will the constrictor begin to eat.
15:53Their jawbones are detached from each other, enabling extreme flexibility.
16:00Two rows of backward-pointing teeth move independently,
16:04ratcheting the meal slowly down the anaconda's throat.
16:15The caiman is a significant meal.
16:19The anaconda will go months before it needs to hunt again.
16:32The green anaconda can swallow a human whole.
16:36They have also been recorded ingesting large mammals like the 320-kilogram tapir.
16:53While humans have been attacked, the anaconda's habitat is largely inaccessible swamplands.
17:06The anaconda slithers into seventh position on southern America's lethal ladder.
17:22The skies over Central and South America are hives of activity at night.
17:28With so much biological competition, the dark offers opportunities to feed and avoid larger predators.
17:38As the only mammals that can fly, it's a perfect time for bats to hunt.
17:46Southern America has 290 species of anacondas.
17:51The most morbidly famous, known to feed on humans, is the vampire bat.
18:21The vampire bat sleeps during the day in colonies of about a hundred.
18:35They need to feed frequently.
18:38If they go without blood for two nights in a row, they will die.
18:51Vampire bats are the only mammals on Earth that feed entirely on blood.
19:00They are tiny, only about 8 centimetres.
19:05But in one year, a typical colony can drink the blood volume of 25 cows.
19:21In a pigsty, the stock retires to sleep.
19:27The vampires have a heat sensor on their nose that point them toward warm flowing blood beneath the victim's skin.
19:39The bat carefully cuts an incision in the pig's ear.
19:44After biting through the skin with its razor-sharp teeth, the bat laps up the flowing meal.
19:56Its saliva, appropriately called draculin, hinders the blood from clotting.
20:04As the vampire feeds, a local anaesthetic in the bat's saliva prevents the victim from feeling a thing.
20:14Vampire bats are voracious and need to feed every night.
20:32Humans are rarely targets, although that's on the increase.
20:38A sign of increasing loss of habitat due to deforestation.
20:44A feeding bat won't kill a human. In fact, the victim may barely notice.
20:52However, vampire bats can carry viruses like rabies, leading to serious illness or even death.
21:00Vampire bats take sixth position among Southern America's wild dangers.
21:31In the winter, Brazil's Pantanal transforms into a very different place.
21:45Many inhabitants take advantage of the boom and bust climate cycles.
21:49The jaguar is perfectly adapted to prowl the waterways using riverside foliage to launch ambush attacks.
22:01Nothing is off the menu for the immensely strong hunter.
22:08A family of capybara, one of the jaguar's favorite prey.
22:18They've wallowed for hours, keeping cool under the equatorial sun.
22:25But they need to dry out for periods.
22:33Their wiry coats allowing water to evaporate quickly,
22:37make them vulnerable to heat and moisture.
22:41A jaguar has spotted the family.
22:47Her rosette-patterned spots indicate that the family is in danger.
22:53The jaguar is not afraid of water.
22:59The jaguar is not afraid of water.
23:04A jaguar has spotted the family.
23:10Her rosette-patterned spots help her blend in with the jungle backdrop.
23:18The jaguar creeps close to her prey, minimizing the energy required in the chase.
23:28Equipped with the best depth perception of all the big cats,
23:33she gauges the striking distance.
23:47Jaguars are great swimmers, but not as fast as the capybara.
23:55The big cat will move downriver, hoping for another kill.
24:03The jaguar has evolved to kill animals by crushing their skulls.
24:15Equipped with the proportionately strongest bite of all the big cats,
24:23their short jaws increase leverage, concentrating the forces.
24:33The jaguar has spotted the family.
24:39Occasionally, black jaguars are born due to a gene mutation.
24:45Sometimes called panthers, they are quite adept fishermen.
24:51Camouflage is not so important when it comes to catching prey underwater.
24:55It is thought that the black jaguars have an advantage living in dense, dark jungles due to the unusual coloring.
25:17Jaguars pick and choose their prey wisely.
25:22Rarely attacking humans.
25:26But in recent times, three jaguar attacks were reported in midwestern Brazil, including the pantanal.
25:38The jaguar's weapons are fierce, causing severe injuries.
25:44One of the three recent attacks resulted in death.
25:51The elegantly camouflaged jaguar leaps to number five on the list of southern America's most dangerous animals.
26:22It's estimated that South America alone has over 8,000 species.
26:42Many of the arachnids are huge, like the infamous tarantula.
26:47Equipped with an unusual defensive mechanism, harpoon-shaped hairs tipped with stinging barbs.
27:03Many species can eject bristles from their abdomens, targeting potential attackers.
27:17While tarantulas are intimidating, they are only mildly venomous.
27:23Their bites causing more pain than harm.
27:31There is another rainforest arachnid that wields devastating toxins.
27:39Considered the most venomous spider on earth.
27:43It belongs to the genus called phonutria, translating to murderous in Greek.
27:52The Brazilian wandering spider.
28:06The wandering spider is nocturnal.
28:11Hunting by ambush rather than building a web.
28:18It preys on larger creatures like amphibians.
28:26The spider expels digestive enzymes into its victim.
28:31Breaking down flesh and tissue.
28:35Before sucking up the pre-digested meal.
28:41The venomous venomous spider.
28:46Key to the wandering spider's lethality is its enormous fangs.
28:54Curved to a reinforced tip, the fangs are designed to penetrate armor.
29:01Suffering little or no damage.
29:06The venom is delivered via an internal canal.
29:11Phonutria toxins attack the nervous system.
29:20Primates, including humans, can be ten times more sensitive to the wandering spider's venom components than mice.
29:33Toxins prevent nerve impulses from moving through the cell.
29:37Causing paralysis and inhibiting the ability to breathe.
29:50Wandering spiders are common in South America, especially around forested areas.
29:59There are about 4,000 bites recorded each year in Brazil alone.
30:05Not all cases are serious, but antivenom can be crucial for survival.
30:20Luckily, the spider won't always inject all its venom.
30:25A small dose is enough to paralyze its typical prey.
30:30The rest is kept in reserve.
30:35The wandering spider strolls to fourth position, among Southern America's most dangerous animals.
30:58One of the most huge spiders in the world.
31:03One of the most humid places on Earth.
31:07The Pacific coastal rainforest of Colombia experiences some of the most rain in the world.
31:16The conditions promote considerable biodiversity.
31:21Creatures of all shapes and sizes, at home in the warm, damp forest.
31:27One species stands out in more ways than one.
31:35So lethal, the indigenous people of Western Colombia once used the toxin on its skin to poison their arrow tips.
31:46There are 175 known species of the tiny frog, which measures around 2 to 5 centimetres.
31:58Unlike most amphibians, the tiny frog has a very small body.
32:05It's only about 2 to 5 centimetres long.
32:10Unlike most amphibians, they are active in the daytime, feeding on insects, beetles and other invertebrates.
32:24When threatened, their skin glands secrete poison.
32:29Not used to hunt, the dark frog's toxin is purely for self-defence.
32:34Unlike many camouflaged creatures of the rainforest, poisoned dart frogs announce themselves with an array of brilliant colours.
32:46Known as aposematic colouration, it acts as a warning to predators, who would find the frog distasteful.
32:56It's thought that some other animals, like butterflies and beetles, cleverly mimic the frog's bright colours, while lacking the same defences.
33:07The poisoned frogs acquire toxins from certain insects they eat in the wild, like beetles.
33:15They are also known to have a strong sense of smell.
33:20They are also known to have a strong sense of smell.
33:25They are also known to have a strong sense of smell.
33:29The poisoned frogs acquire toxins from certain insects they eat in the wild, like beetles.
33:37Immune to its own poison, the frog is equipped with an amino acid in its muscles that blocks the toxin's paralytic effects.
33:49The same frogs in captivity are always non-lethal, due to their diet.
33:59Loaded with enough poison to kill 20,000 mice, or 10 people, the dart frog is extremely deadly.
34:15There is no antidote for poisoned dart frog's toxins.
34:20Whilst native Colombians once used the frog to poison their arrowtips, the modern likelihood of encountering the frog's toxin is low.
34:38The poisoned dart frog ranks third on Southern America's most dangerous animals list.
34:44The poisoned dart frog ranks third on Southern America's most dangerous animals list.
34:55Rule this domain.
35:09The largest is the territorial black caiman.
35:14Which can grow to four and a half meters.
35:32Like all crocodilians, this caiman is an ambush hunter.
35:39His domain is home to large wading birds.
35:44Such as the wood stork, nesting in trees near the water.
35:53Their chicks are very large, a meter long by the time they start to learn to fly.
36:00But their juvenile track record is poor.
36:04Only about 31% survive to adulthood.
36:09An uncoordinated fledgling falls from the safety of its tree.
36:17Despite its developed wings, it's still not able to fly.
36:26Unable to return to the sanctuary of its nest, it walks confused along the riverbank.
36:34The commotion has not gone unnoticed.
36:38The wood stork is the smallest tropical bird in the world.
36:43But it only weighs two tons.
36:47It's a monstrous creature, at least in numbers.
36:55The worst predators found here were the black caiman.
37:00But this one is much smaller than the other two.
37:04The woodstork is a substantial prize for the caiman,
37:11who normally subsists on a diet of insects and fish.
37:16Caimans, like all crocodilians, have a second jaw joint,
37:36providing a greater grip on their prey.
37:40They wield one of the strongest bite forces in the animal kingdom.
37:54Caimans are effective hunters, even when visual or audio cues are absent.
38:03They are equipped with dome-shaped pressure sensors covering their face,
38:08allowing them to detect tiny disturbances in the water.
38:14This provides the caiman a kind of long-range radar in the murky environment.
38:28Caiman will prey on any large mammals in South America's rivers, including the giant otter.
38:40Nearly two meters long, the otters are strong and will fight back.
38:54The otters spot the hunter and quickly recall their young to safety.
39:10Acting as a team, the otters go on the offensive.
39:26Eventually, the caiman retreats.
39:36Caimans are numerous, with 10 million inhabiting the Brazilian Pantanal alone.
39:43Encounters with humans are common.
39:53The black caiman is the most lethal.
39:58Between 2008 and 2013, the species was involved in 43 attacks on humans.
40:07A fifth were fatal.
40:18The deadly caiman is the second most dangerous animal in Southern America.
40:40Like all tropical ecosystems, insects are a constant hum in the background.
40:47Annoying as they are to animals and humans, they are a vital part of the food chain.
40:57Around waterways and ponds, small flying insects provide food for a variety of creatures.
41:09One ubiquitous insect that lays its eggs in these waters is also the most notorious.
41:29Mosquitoes are a deadly menace across the tropical world.
41:35At peak breeding season, they may outnumber every animal on Earth except for ants and termites.
41:44Across Southern America, they carry several diseases that can be deadly to humans.
41:52Dengue fever, Zika, and the biggest killer across the world, malaria.
42:06Mosquitoes lay their eggs in pools of water.
42:11These pools, by the way, are robust and can survive winter freezing to hatch in the spring.
42:24If the pools are near human habitation, then the hatched females will find their way into homes looking for blood.
42:36As night descends, mosquitoes follow the trails of carbon dioxide humans exhale during sleep.
42:47They seek out body heat, drawn to the scent of fatty acids in mammalian skin.
42:59Vessels dilate and the skin itches.
43:06It's inside this saliva that a virus or parasite may then enter a mammal's bloodstream.
43:23The likelihood of being bitten by a mosquito is extremely high.
43:29Although malaria is in decline, dengue fever is on the rise in Brazil, Ecuador, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
43:43Three million people contracted the disease across the region in 2019 alone.
43:56The millions that are bitten don't all die of disease, but many suffer debilitating symptoms.
44:04Combined with Zika, malaria, and other viruses, no other animal comes close to causing as many deaths in South America.
44:22The most numerous and infectious creature of South America, the mosquito, stands at first position on the podium.
44:35This tiny creature is, by many measures, the most dangerous animal.
44:51The harpy eagle's talons, the anaconda's crushing grasp, the jaguar's powerful jaws, or the poison dart frog's toxins.
45:08The biological weapons found across Southern America's ecosystems are unrivaled compared to the sheer numbers of mosquitoes and the diseases they potentially harbor.