En 1976, el mundo fue testigo de un evento impactante que cambiaría la narrativa del terrorismo aéreo: el secuestro de un avión por un grupo de palestinos en colaboración con revolucionarios marxistas alemanes. Esta historia extraordinaria no solo revela los oscuros entresijos de la política internacional, sino que también destaca cómo el secuestro fue orquestado para llevar el avión a Uganda, el feudo de Idi Amin, uno de los líderes más controvertidos de África.
Los secuestradores, armados con ideologías radicales, tomaron como rehenes a cientos de pasajeros, creando una situación de crisis que capturó la atención de medios de comunicación de todo el mundo. En medio de la presión internacional y el miedo palpable, se llevaron a cabo negociaciones complejas que involucraron rescates y demandas políticas. Este evento reveló las tensiones de la Guerra Fría y cómo estas ideologías extremas pueden desatar actos de desesperación y violencia.
La historia del secuestro también plantea preguntas sobre la seguridad en la aviación y las respuestas gubernamentales ante tales crisis. Hoy en día, sigue siendo un recordatorio de la importancia de la diplomacia y la historia para comprender el contexto de las crisis contemporáneas. A través de este análisis, se busca educar y generar conciencia sobre los orígenes y consecuencias de estos actos, que aún resuenan en las políticas actuales.
**Hashtags:** #SecuestroAvión1976, #TerrorismoAéreo, #HistoriaDelTerrorismo
**Keywords:** secuestro avión 1976, palestinos, marxistas alemanes, Idi Amin, terrorismo aéreo, crisis de aviación, historia del terrorismo, ideologías radicales, crisis internacional, negociaciones políticas.
Los secuestradores, armados con ideologías radicales, tomaron como rehenes a cientos de pasajeros, creando una situación de crisis que capturó la atención de medios de comunicación de todo el mundo. En medio de la presión internacional y el miedo palpable, se llevaron a cabo negociaciones complejas que involucraron rescates y demandas políticas. Este evento reveló las tensiones de la Guerra Fría y cómo estas ideologías extremas pueden desatar actos de desesperación y violencia.
La historia del secuestro también plantea preguntas sobre la seguridad en la aviación y las respuestas gubernamentales ante tales crisis. Hoy en día, sigue siendo un recordatorio de la importancia de la diplomacia y la historia para comprender el contexto de las crisis contemporáneas. A través de este análisis, se busca educar y generar conciencia sobre los orígenes y consecuencias de estos actos, que aún resuenan en las políticas actuales.
**Hashtags:** #SecuestroAvión1976, #TerrorismoAéreo, #HistoriaDelTerrorismo
**Keywords:** secuestro avión 1976, palestinos, marxistas alemanes, Idi Amin, terrorismo aéreo, crisis de aviación, historia del terrorismo, ideologías radicales, crisis internacional, negociaciones políticas.
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00:00This is the bloody story of 40 years of terror.
00:09When I started as a reporter in the late 60s, I had barely heard of terrorism.
00:22Now, we are all potential targets.
00:26Over the years, I have seen changes in the effect of terror and in the way it is carried out.
00:32Today, we have Islamic suicides.
00:37In the 70s, we feared revolutionary kidnappers.
00:44In 1976, an Air France flight from Tel Aviv to Paris was kidnapped by four men.
00:49At first, it looked like a typical terrorist kidnapping, but this was very different.
00:55The kidnappers took the hostages to Entebbe airport in Uganda, 4,000 km from their destination,
01:01plunged into a storm of violence,
01:07revenge
01:10and heroism.
01:13What happened during those six days in Entebbe,
01:16transformed the era of terror.
01:21The era of terror.
01:25International terror.
01:35It never happens to you.
01:38It always happens to others.
01:41And you think with anxiety that it is terrible that terror rules the world.
01:45Then, you finish your coffee and continue with your things.
02:05Two men came out of the back of the plane running and screaming with grenades in their hands.
02:14And 157 other passengers.
02:17The first thing I really remember is the blue eyes of my children,
02:22and how they looked at me, as if saying,
02:26Why did it have to happen to us?
02:29The plane was hell.
02:32There was a scandal, everyone was running, so I understood that something very bad was happening.
02:37An hour after the kidnapping, the Israeli air traffic controllers realized
02:40that the plane had deviated dramatically from its route.
02:45A service officer came in screaming,
02:48Muki, there has been a kidnapping.
02:51They have kidnapped an L-France plane from Ben Gurion airport.
03:02Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin,
03:06was facing a great dilemma.
03:08His government had an iron policy of not negotiating with the terrorists.
03:14Rabin's only alternative was to authorize a rescue mission,
03:18which could end the death of the hostages.
03:22In addition, the details of the kidnapping were not clear.
03:25How many kidnappers were there? What weapons did they have? And what was the rescue?
03:39When they were in Libya, one of the hostages, a nurse from Manchester,
03:43made a big decision.
03:46I thought, I'm not going to stay here,
03:49I have to get off this plane anyway.
03:52And from that moment, I was no longer afraid, because I knew I was leaving.
03:57The easiest option was to pretend something medical,
04:01and I thought I could be safe.
04:03Patricia Martel's fake abortion worked, and they let her get off the plane.
04:08Now there was one less hostage, but there were more than 200 prisoners of the kidnappers.
04:14In Tel Aviv, the Israeli Defense Forces, the IDF,
04:18were on high alert.
04:21The kidnappers were on the run,
04:24and the police were on the run.
04:27The kidnappers were on the run,
04:30and the police were on the run.
04:33Rabin's government knew that other kidnappers had finished with carnage
04:37at Israeli airports, and they suspected that this would not be an exception.
04:42But then came news that changed everything.
04:46The 139 Air France flight was back in the air,
04:50moving away from Israel,
04:53towards the heart of Africa.
05:03We landed in Uganda at 3.15 a.m.
05:07It is now 10 a.m.
05:09The captain kept saying, happily,
05:12that it was probably our first time in Uganda.
05:14Uganda was the home of one of the most controversial leaders in Africa.
05:18He was flamboyant, ruthless, and probably crazy.
05:22Idi Amin Dada.
05:45Africa, I speak for Africa.
05:50And he welcomed his unfortunate visitors.
05:54He was the Mariscal Idi Amin Dada,
05:58His Majesty.
06:00He was huge.
06:02He had a big face, a big head, big hands.
06:06Everything was huge,
06:08and the uniform he wore made him more frightening.
06:15He was trying to smile,
06:18and to tell us how much he loved Israel.
06:24For a few years, Amin had good relations with Israel.
06:28The Israelis came to train his army.
06:31Did you ever meet Amin?
06:33I did.
06:35What was he like?
06:37He was drunk.
06:39He was holding a bottle of Johnny Walker,
06:42and he would drink it in his hand.
06:45So he was happy.
06:54When Amin broke into the lives of the hostages
06:57in the extravagant promise of achieving their liberation,
07:00many thought it was their salvation.
07:05But the 13-year-old hostage, Bennie Davidson,
07:08did not just believe it.
07:09I remember perfectly
07:12that he used the words
07:15''day limit'' when he was talking to us,
07:18and I was frightened.
07:20I understood the English,
07:22and for some reason the kidnappers put a day limit.
07:27At the NTV terminal,
07:29the hostages were in the middle of a political game,
07:32and by then,
07:34the only one who had left was coming home.
07:39When Patricia Martel landed in London,
07:41she reported to the secret agency of Israel, Mossad,
07:44about vital data.
07:47She talked about the kidnappers.
07:50There were two Arabs from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,
07:53the FPLP,
07:56and a man and a German woman,
07:59all armed to the teeth.
08:03The kidnapping seemed the work of a network of revolutionary groups
08:06known as ''International Terror''.
08:10When I started as a journalist on terrorism cases in the 70s,
08:15the bloody mark of international terror was everywhere.
08:20They massacred Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics,
08:24they flew hijacked planes in Jordan,
08:27they kidnapped OPEP executives,
08:30and they killed tourists at the airports of Rome and Tel Aviv.
08:40The German kidnappers, Wilfred Bosse and Brigitte Kuhlmann,
08:44were members of a small group called ''Revolutionary Cells''.
08:48They, together with the two Palestinian kidnappers,
08:51joined NTV with the leaders of the operation,
08:55Aile El Alja and Fayez Jaber.
09:01Their common goal was the liberation of Palestine.
09:04Their common enemy, Israel.
09:07Now the kidnappers asked for the rescue,
09:10the liberation of 53 prisoners, including 40 Palestinians in Israel,
09:15and six comrades of Bosse and Kuhlmann in Germany.
09:18A deadline was established, Thursday at two in the afternoon,
09:23three days later.
09:25Idi Amin said that there was a deadline,
09:28and that if what they had asked for was not fulfilled,
09:31or if Israel refused to negotiate to free the prisoners,
09:36they would start killing us.
09:44For one of the Palestinian kidnappers, Fayez Jaber,
09:47these requests were personal.
09:50In the first place of the list of prisoners he wanted to free,
09:53was his cousin and childhood friend, Abdul Rahim.
09:57He was a commander of the FPLP,
10:00and he fulfilled nine chains perpetuated by terrorism.
10:04Did you think you would be released?
10:09Yes.
10:12I had many hopes.
10:14I almost felt out of prison.
10:18It was a great feeling.
10:20Everything was happening so far from Israel,
10:23that I thought it would be very difficult for the Israelis to try to save them.
10:33In the Israeli army, the option of rescuing them was already being evaluated.
10:39The hostages were in a small building of the terminal,
10:43surrounded by terrorists ready to tighten the trigger.
10:48They could open fire and kill them in a fraction of a second.
10:56With only three days to devise a rescue plan,
10:59the chances of success were minimal.
11:01The kidnappers were in control.
11:12I asked the German man,
11:15what will happen to us?
11:17And he said, they will not hurt us.
11:19They are negotiating, and they will release us.
11:22I asked him why he, a German, was there,
11:25and he muttered something about the world revolution
11:27and the need to change the world by force,
11:30to help the weakest.
11:37On the second day of captivity,
11:39the 210 hostages began to get used to the boredom,
11:42the dirt,
11:44and the gastronomy of Uganda.
11:49Then, the spirits fell.
11:51A man and a German woman entered the reception.
11:55They were carrying a bag with all our documentation.
12:04They began to take out passports,
12:06and to make two piles.
12:12The one on the right contained all the passports,
12:15and the one on the left contained all the documents.
12:18The one on the right contained all the Israeli passports,
12:21the one on the left, those of the other countries.
12:30They said, let's say names,
12:33those we call have to go to the other room.
12:43After the second or third name,
12:45it was clear that they were calling only the Jews and Israelis.
12:55She was anti-Semitic.
12:57It was noticeable in what she said.
12:59We had to ask permission to go to the bathroom.
13:01She said, only people like you go to the bathroom so much.
13:09It was like a nightmare.
13:12I have no words to describe it.
13:16They called the Israelis to put them in a room.
13:21They were Germans,
13:23and after the World War,
13:25the memories were in full bloom in all of us.
13:33It was incredible.
13:36There are no words to describe it.
13:46All my family,
13:48my parents,
13:50aunts, uncles, cousins,
13:52children, babies,
13:54they were all sent to Treblinka,
13:56to the gas chambers.
13:59This was still in my heart after all these years,
14:03and I did not understand how they could do it again.
14:16THE REVOLUTION
14:23That some young Germans were involved in such a symbolic action
14:27impacted the hostages.
14:31But the repulsion towards Nazism
14:33was one of the factors that had driven this revolution.
14:37At the end of the 60s, Western Germany was rebelling.
14:41The post-war generation was furious,
14:43furious at the country's inability to face the Nazi past,
14:48furious at the consumerism of the German economic miracle,
14:53furious at American imperialism and the horrors of Vietnam.
15:00Brigitte Kuhlmann and Wilfred Bose
15:03were founding members of a clandestine group called the Revolutionary Cells.
15:09Bose was known to his comrades as Bonnie.
15:14He was a friendly person,
15:18he liked to live.
15:20He spent hours
15:24sitting in the restaurants of Franconia,
15:27eating Nuremberg sausages
15:30and drinking wine.
15:33Brigitte was very different,
15:37she was less generous,
15:39she was less disciplined,
15:41and she hoped that everyone was like that.
15:44She was always saying,
15:46we don't have much time,
15:49we have to go on, we have to work,
15:52we have more important things to do than drink wine,
15:55and things like that.
15:57My last contact with Brigitte was a few days before this action.
16:02She told me that she would be there,
16:05and she said,
16:07we are not sure,
16:08we are leaving for a while, but see you later.
16:11She said goodbye to an indefinite future.
16:30Yesterday we hoped that this nightmare would end
16:34and we would continue our holidays.
16:35That now seems unreal and remote.
16:39Jewish hostages called the area where they had located them,
16:43the room of separation,
16:45and they expected their fate, young and old alike.
16:54You don't think about death,
16:57you don't think about the fear every hour, every day.
17:01The mind doesn't work like that,
17:02at least not that of a 13-year-old boy.
17:09You get used to captivity.
17:14You make friends to play with,
17:17you read,
17:19you live,
17:21and you pass the time.
17:23And you play football?
17:25Yes, with a can of Coca-Cola.
17:27For Jews and Israelis,
17:29the feeling of isolation was more acute.
17:33Suddenly, the kidnappers were letting others go.
17:40We felt very bad.
17:42They were leaving us behind,
17:44and we knew that our fate would be very different,
17:47because we saw that all those groups were leaving,
17:51and we didn't know what to do.
17:53They were leaving,
17:55and we were left behind.
17:59Then they pointed to one of the Jewish hostages.
18:04They said my name.
18:09I answered, it's me.
18:11Come, come here.
18:13Nahum Taham was forced to write what he had done in Israel.
18:17He said he had been in a kibbutz,
18:19but the Palestinians were convinced that he had a military link.
18:25They took me down a corridor,
18:28and they turned right into a room.
18:36He was a very tall man,
18:38with huge hands and a cruel look.
18:50He came towards me with a gun,
18:53and he put it on my temple.
19:04I could feel the metal of the gun.
19:11I wondered if I would ever see my family again.
19:14He took me like a sack of potatoes,
19:20and he threw me to the ground.
19:32And he started kicking me.
19:36I saw the hatred in his eyes.
19:39He threw himself on me.
19:41I couldn't stop screaming.
19:45I couldn't stop screaming.
19:54The Palestinian victimization of an innocent Jew
19:57had its origin in years of bitterness and repression.
20:01The creation of the State of Israel in 1948
20:05and the subsequent Arab-Israeli war
20:08were the origin of hatred.
20:10Families like those of the Palestinian leaders in Entebbe
20:12had lost their land
20:14and had become refugees without a country
20:17in fields beyond the Israeli borders.
20:20This is how the Palestinian Resistance was born.
20:26He was so full of life.
20:28He always loved Palestine, since he was a child.
20:31He liked to be active in the defense of his country.
20:34He always felt that way.
20:36Fayez and I lived in Jerusalem when we were little.
20:40We witnessed the victims,
20:43the bombs that fell on us,
20:46our country and our people.
20:49Since then, we have lived the influence of these events.
20:53And when we started school and grew up,
20:56the idea of revenge was born.
20:59The idea of revenge was born.
21:02The idea of revenge was born.
21:20By then, the non-Jewish hostages were arriving in Paris,
21:24where their families awaited them.
21:33Terribly difficult, terribly frightening.
21:36We were surrounded continuously by heavily armed guards.
21:42On their return, they told how they had separated the Jewish hostages
21:46from those who were not.
21:51They said, it can't be happening.
21:541976, free country, and here they are, the Germans.
21:59They are doing it again.
22:00I got furious.
22:02I was ready to look for those responsible
22:05and give them what they deserve.
22:08There were only a few hours left until the time of the kidnappers.
22:12In Israel, the families of the hostages
22:15pressured the government to reach an agreement.
22:22The Prime Minister said,
22:25gentlemen, I want to free the hostages.
22:29He turned to the Minister of Defense, Simon Pérez,
22:33and his second, Mordechai Goury, and said,
22:37can you recommend me a rescue plan?
22:40They told him that they had not yet thought of anything.
22:44And at that moment, it was unanimously decided
22:47that they would give in to the requests of the terrorists.
22:58...and was ready to release some terrorists
23:01held in Israeli jails in return.
23:03The reason Israel softened its long-standing policy
23:06of no deals with hijackers
23:08was because the government felt it had no control
23:11over the situation in Uganda.
23:18The Israeli army did not agree to make deals,
23:21but it did not have a rescue plan with success.
23:29Did you want the government to negotiate?
23:33No, not at all.
23:36We had been telling everyone
23:39not to give in to terrorism,
23:42and we were about to do it ourselves.
23:48Then, an important news came from Entebbe.
23:52This is London, Ashley Hodgson with the news.
23:55The deadline at Entebbe Airport
23:58for compliance with the hijackers' demands
24:01has been extended until 11 hours,
24:04when it's been time on Sunday.
24:10The extension was requested by Idi Amin
24:13because he had a diplomatic trip to Mauritius
24:16as president of the African Union.
24:19The hijackers accepted with confidence
24:22that there would be no Israeli rescue mission.
24:27But coinciding with the diplomatic agenda
24:30and extending the deadline,
24:32they had given the Israelis something they desperately needed.
24:49Tel Aviv, Israel
24:54In Tel Aviv, the Israeli Defense Forces
24:57were developing a plan to overcome the hijacking in audacity.
25:02The army had a special unit called
25:05Sayeret Matkat, trained to fight terrorism.
25:09They shared their motto with the British SAS,
25:12whoever risks it, wins.
25:1530 of those soldiers and more than 200 infantry
25:18would fly to Uganda and land in Entebbe at dusk.
25:27The special forces would break into the terminal.
25:34Our unit was supposed to break into the building,
25:37kill them and secure the terminal
25:40until the additional forces landed.
25:42It was a very risky strategy.
25:45Success depended on the pilot of the first plane.
25:55We had to overcome certain difficulties
25:58and one was to create the surprise factor,
26:01avoid the radars so nobody would see us
26:04and then on landing,
26:07arrive at a dark runway,
26:09which is not easy at all.
26:13As if landing was not quite complicated,
26:16the forces had to travel more than a kilometer to the terminal
26:19without being seen by the Ugandans.
26:22Muki Betzer had an idea.
26:27In Uganda, the ministers, including Idi Amin,
26:31travel in black Mercedes.
26:35When a Ugandan soldier sees a black Mercedes approaching,
26:39he stands up and greets.
26:44We went to the Mossad, the secret service,
26:48and we asked for a black car,
26:51but they sent us a white one.
26:54So the first thing we had to do was paint it.
26:58They would never shoot a vehicle like that.
27:02And by the time they realized what was happening,
27:05our forces would already be at the terminal
27:07and they would have finished the terrorists.
27:14While the special forces refined the rescue plan,
27:18the kidnappers in Entebbe knew that the Israelis
27:21were willing to negotiate the release of their comrades.
27:31Yael had a bottle of champagne in his hand
27:34and he said to him, drink.
27:37He answered, drink? What's wrong?
27:40And Yael answered, we did it.
27:44Israel has agreed to exchange terrorists for hostages.
27:50So drink, drink.
27:52Drink.
28:06Friday evening was a sad night.
28:09We have the tradition of lighting candles on Fridays,
28:13praying and drinking wine.
28:16Because of the Sabbath.
28:18Because of the Sabbath, yes.
28:22Instead of candles, we lit two matches,
28:26just for feeling that we had something.
28:29I had never lit candles before,
28:31but since then I do it every Friday.
28:47While the Israelis prayed for the hostages,
28:50the government still did not decide to risk the rescue.
28:57The assault team waited for the orders of the politicians.
29:04In Entebbe, the kidnappers were also waiting
29:07for Tel Aviv's confirmation that Israel had capitulated.
29:11Less than 24 hours were left for the deadline.
29:15When Amin returned from his conference in Mauritius,
29:17the spirits were very low.
29:20When we arrived, he told the hostages,
29:24gentlemen, I have done what I can
29:28to ensure your return through negotiations.
29:34But your government in Israel does not want to cooperate.
29:40So whatever happens,
29:43do not blame me.
29:46Idi Amin came after his conference in Mauritius
29:51and said that the negotiations had been broken
29:55and that from the next day, which was Sunday,
29:59they were going to start killing us.
30:05We felt very bad.
30:09The hostages, for their part,
30:12seemed very down.
30:16Some started crying.
30:20They knew that they were going to die
30:24by the hands of the kidnappers.
30:27And Amin did not seem to regret it.
30:34On that desperate Saturday,
30:37young Benny Davidson had a strange premonition.
30:41I do not know if I was dreaming or imagining,
30:44dreaming awake, I do not know.
30:47I had a premonition, and I told my parents.
30:51At midnight, the special forces will come to rescue us.
30:56If Benny's premonition had to be fulfilled,
30:59the Israeli special forces should have already been preparing.
31:04The problem was that the government could not make a decision.
31:07The government could not decide.
31:10That was the problem.
31:12So I called the Secretary of the Prime Minister
31:15and I told him that we had to do something
31:18or we would have to cancel the mission.
31:20He asked me what I suggested,
31:22and I asked them to let us take off.
31:25They would have four more hours to deliberate,
31:28and then they could tell us to continue or to return.
31:38We took off without knowing if the mission would go ahead.
31:45The government had not decided anything.
31:51When we flew over Ethiopia,
31:55we received the message,
31:58authorized, good luck.
32:00The rescue mission was finally on its way to Entebbe,
32:04but one of the hostages was missing,
32:07a 75-year-old British woman named Dora Block.
32:11She had choked with a piece of meat.
32:14She had been taken to a hospital in the capital, Kampala.
32:18She said, look, I'm not afraid.
32:22I've lived my life, I've been very happy,
32:25and I've decided to go to the hospital.
32:27The only thing that worries me is my son, Ilan,
32:30who is here with me.
32:33I asked them to let me go with her,
32:36but the German woman started shouting with all her might.
32:40Of course not, not even to think about it, impossible.
32:49You know, there is a point in which you are flying.
32:52You move forward, you move forward, you move forward,
32:55and then you look at the clock and you understand that there is no return,
32:58you have no fuel left.
33:00We understood that that was it.
33:03I was not afraid of being killed,
33:07or being hurt,
33:10absolutely zero, nothing.
33:13I was worried extremely much about failure.
33:17I was thirty years old,
33:20and somebody put this responsibility on me,
33:24and I wasn't prepared.
33:27This was the worst flight I've ever had.
33:30It was terrible.
33:32I was very dizzy.
33:35I vomited about ten times,
33:38and the whole floor of the plane
33:41was full of vomits,
33:43and the whole floor of the plane
33:46was full of vomits of all of us.
33:49But the commander of the attack force, Johnny Netanyahu,
33:53seemed not to be affected by the tension or the turbulence.
33:57He was a cold man,
34:00admirable.
34:02On the plane,
34:04I was surprised
34:06to see him sleeping.
34:09He slept like a log.
34:10I don't understand how he had the calm to go to sleep
34:13when he had a 50% chance of not coming out alive.
34:21At the terminal, there were 104 hostages and their kidnappers,
34:25counting the hours for Sunday.
34:36Saturday night.
34:38Everything was quiet.
34:41It was hot, there were mosquitoes,
34:44and many people had slept on the mattresses.
34:48There were people around us who wanted to sleep,
34:52and with my son Ron and another couple,
34:56we were playing cards.
35:03Around midnight,
35:05the Israeli planes approached Entebbe.
35:12We landed,
35:14and I don't know why,
35:16but I knew that they had not detected us.
35:19Everything was quiet, nothing was moving.
35:22When the wheels touched the ground,
35:25I loaded the weapon.
35:27It was a Kalashnikov AK-47.
35:30And one of my colleagues shouted to me,
35:32you can't load the weapon on the plane.
35:35And I said, shut up, this is war, and there are no rules.
35:42I continued all the way to the end of the runway.
35:45I went to the terminal where the hostages were,
35:49and I approached as quietly as I could.
35:53We were about a kilometer away
35:57when I stopped the plane.
36:00I gave the green light
36:03to the Mercedes and the two Land Rovers
36:06that carried Johnny, Mookie,
36:09and others of the special forces
36:12to get out of the plane,
36:15and I saw them approach in silence
36:18towards the terminal.
36:20I heard a plane landing,
36:24and then I heard footsteps.
36:26Some of the members of the infantry
36:29began to say in their agility
36:32that they could be the children of God.
36:35Children of God?
36:37Children of God.
36:39It was a joke of soldiers
36:41who used to call Israeli soldiers
36:44the children of God, as the Bible says.
36:50We drove for a minute or two in the dark,
36:53and I saw a guard
36:56raise his gun
36:59towards the Mercedes.
37:04The Ugandan soldier pointed to us and said,
37:07Advance.
37:09Advance means, come here, I want to identify you.
37:13I told Johnny,
37:15Johnny is just routine,
37:17but Johnny insisted and gave the order.
37:20With silencers,
37:22the Israelis fired at the entrance,
37:24but only hurt him.
37:26So both the Mercedes and the other Land Rover
37:30opened fire without silencers.
37:34The surprise factor had been lost.
37:43I saw Amir running towards the terminal.
37:47I did not know what he was thinking,
37:51but I was behind him.
37:54Someone was shooting from the terminal,
37:58and they broke the glass.
38:01They were shooting at me.
38:04The bullets were going here and here.
38:08But I was so focused that I could not hear them.
38:12I only saw the one who was shooting at me.
38:16I shot three or four times,
38:19and I turned white.
38:23One after the other.
38:28I jumped into the terminal,
38:31and I shot him again
38:34to make sure he did not recover.
38:40But he was dead.
38:43One hundred and fifty percent.
38:46When I entered, there were two,
38:49a man and a woman,
38:52sitting on the left of the door.
38:55Both pointing to Amir's back.
38:58I shot them both,
39:01and I shot him again.
39:04I shot him again,
39:07and I shot him again,
39:10and I shot him again.
39:12I shot them both
39:15two or three times, and I took their weapons away.
39:19They were already aiming at me from a distance of about two meters.
39:26What luck!
39:33I was frightened,
39:36simply lying on the ground,
39:39with my face to the ground,
39:42and I heard Benny praying under me,
39:45with all those shots around,
39:48all that noise,
39:51the smell, the smoke,
39:54and I heard Benny pray Shema Yisrael.
39:57Shema Yisrael is the most famous prayer of the Jews.
40:01Shema Yisrael.
40:09I'm sorry.
40:12Shema Yisrael Adonai,
40:15Eloheinu Adonai Echad,
40:18which means, listen Israel,
40:21the Lord is our King.
40:24I do not remember the rest of the prayer,
40:27but this is what came to mind.
40:30Suddenly a terrorist from the left stood up.
40:34He was a Jewish terrorist.
40:37He was a Jewish terrorist.
40:39Suddenly a terrorist from the left stood up.
40:45We shot him in the chest,
40:48and he fell dead.
40:52Then there was a moment of silence.
40:56They stopped the shooting,
40:59and someone said in Hebrew,
41:02there are Israelis there.
41:05And I remember I saw an Israeli soldier,
41:07with a gun, looking at us,
41:10saying, listen,
41:13we have come to take you home.
41:18It was an incredible moment.
41:23It's been 31 years,
41:26and I still can not describe it.
41:30A soldier shouted both in Hebrew and English.
41:34We are the IDF,
41:37and we will not give up.
41:40You could not see even a single head.
41:43They were all stuck to the ground.
41:46Except one who jumped.
41:49The one who jumped was Jean Jacques Maimoni,
41:52French, Israeli.
41:55I tried to tell him, Jean Jacques,
41:58come here, come here,
42:01but he did not hear me.
42:04And then I saw him jump,
42:07and anyone who does that in a situation like this,
42:10is in grave danger.
42:13We take him as a terrorist,
42:16and we kill him.
42:19I remember there were many dead people,
42:22smells, smoke, shots,
42:27and a soldier said,
42:30calm down, come with me.
42:33One of the hostages approached and said to me,
42:35my mother is an old woman,
42:38she has choked and is in a hospital in Kampala.
42:41I told him that at that time we could not do anything,
42:44but we would solve it when we got to Israel.
42:47I knew there was no way to go to the hospital,
42:50where she was, and get her out.
42:53Everyone told me that Africans
42:56are usually very kind to old women.
42:59I said, it's true, Africans are very kind,
43:02I know Africa, but Idi Amin is an animal.
43:05After having evacuated the hostages,
43:08I made a sweep of the terminal.
43:11I saw the dead terrorists.
43:14The Germans were together.
43:17He had a face of surprise,
43:20she of anger.
43:23He had a furious expression.
43:26He had a face of anger.
43:29He had a face of anger.
43:32He had a face of anger.
43:35He had a face of anger.
43:38The two Palestinians seemed to sleep,
43:41alien to what had happened.
43:47Do you know who was the terrorist you shot?
43:50I know there is a debate about whether it was the German
43:53or if the German was on the left.
43:56I think it was.
43:59Or at least I prefer to think it was the German.
44:02Why?
44:05Because I can tell you that when I came back home,
44:08I told my mother,
44:11who was 10 years old at the time of the Holocaust,
44:14and then Eastern Europe was not the best place to live.
44:17It's not that I'm proud to have killed,
44:20because I'm not,
44:23but in this case,
44:26in this situation in which a German
44:29was kidnapping citizens,
44:32I think he deserved it.
44:36Muki tried to establish contact with his unit,
44:39with the big news.
44:42I have the hostages. The team is intact.
44:45There are no victims.
44:48I called Joni on the radio.
44:51I told him, mission accomplished.
44:54But the communications officer started screaming.
44:57They have reached Joni. They have shot him.
45:00Joni Netanyahu died hours later.
45:02He was the only Israeli soldier who lost his life.
45:05The brother of the future Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
45:09Joni became a national hero.
45:24We landed and the doors opened.
45:28There was a sea of faces.
45:33They welcomed me with love and joy.
45:45Can anyone explain the meaning of the word home?
45:50It's impossible.
45:57Israel!
46:00Israel!
46:13Why did your brother die?
46:16The warriors of freedom die for their country.
46:20They fight to defend their country.
46:23Why did he die?
46:25He did not die for nothing.
46:28He died defending his country.
46:34Then I read in the press that Fayez Jaber
46:38had been responsible and had died.
46:43It impressed me a lot.
46:46We were childhood friends,
46:49in addition to resistance comrades.
46:52It hurt me a lot in every way.
46:55It hurt me a lot.
47:19My first reaction, of course, was to sink.
47:22I heard it at night on the radio.
47:25I was sad.
47:27I could not believe that my friends had died,
47:30and I started thinking about leaving the group.
47:34I told the others that we had no chance,
47:37that the enemy was too strong,
47:40and we had to find new ways of resistance.
47:43That way of resisting militarily is not the right one.
47:48And I thought of the song
47:50We Shall Overcome One Day.
48:20He died by orders of Idi Amin.
48:26Do you know how he died?
48:29I do not know.
48:31But I guess they shot him.
48:34I do not know exactly.
48:38Do you think that Idi Amin authorized the murder of his mother?
48:45We are sure.
48:47Totally.
48:48They do not kill a foreigner without his permission.
48:52We are sure that he knew that a woman was left,
48:56and he gave the order to kill her.
49:07Entebbe's rescue was a victory over terror, but it had a price.
49:12Four Israeli civilians and a soldier died in the fight.
49:17More than 20 Ugandan soldiers fell,
49:20as well as, of course, the Palestinian and German kidnappers.
49:24Entebbe was the beginning of the end of international terror.
49:29A government had returned the blow, and with force.
49:33Kidnappings and the arrest of hostages fell into disuse for the Palestinians
49:37and the revolutionaries of the 70s.
49:40But more than 30 years after Entebbe,
49:42the problem without solving Palestine causes even more violent resistance.
49:49Today are the young suicides,
49:52to which Israel still responds with less mercy.
49:57Do you think the problem of Palestine has a solution?
50:01I hope so, because there is no other option.
50:04We have no way to go.
50:07We have to stay, whether we like it or not.
50:10And I like it. I love my country.
50:14But it has to be solved. We can not always live by weapons.
50:21In the following decade in Entebbe,
50:24the promotion of terror grew exponentially,
50:27putting to the test both terrorists and governments.
50:31And more than ever, it was the civilians who suffered the consequences.
50:36The era of terror took a new form.
50:40A new era of terror.
50:44A new era of terror.
50:48A new era of terror.
50:52A new era of terror.
50:56A new era of terror.
51:00A new era of terror.
51:04A new era of terror.
51:07A new era of terror.
51:11A new era of terror.
51:15A new era of terror.
51:19A new era of terror.