偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年8月24日 第56回「藤原道長と頼通 摂関政治の盛衰」
偉人・敗北からの教訓 2024年8月24日 第56回「藤原道長と頼通 摂関政治の盛衰」
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TVTranscript
00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, the defeat was inevitable.
00:08How did the foreigners who colored the history of Japan lose?
00:13What was the cause and mistake behind it?
00:19This time, we will unravel the defeat of the Fujiwara family, who made a film in the middle of the Heian period when the story was born.
00:31It is the road that the emperor's great-grandfather passed through this world in the spring.
00:36However, the whole century of the family ends with the death of his son, Yorimichi.
00:43What is the reason for this?
00:47The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The lesson from the defeat of the foreigners.
00:58What is the lesson from the defeat of the foreigners?
01:20What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:27I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice actor.
01:31And I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:36I'm sure you're very interested in the Heian period because of the influence of the Taiga drama.
01:43What do you think is the charm of the Heian period?
01:48In the Heian period, you can imagine a peaceful and graceful landscape where young people gather together to sing.
01:58It's a peaceful atmosphere.
02:01However, in fact, it was a time when there was a harsh political game around the top of power.
02:09So I want you to pay attention to the shadows.
02:15Speaking of the representative of the Heian nobility, this time it's Fujiwara.
02:22I'm going to focus on Yorimichi's parents, Michinaga of Fujiwara, and look at the glory and prosperity of the Fujiwara family.
02:29Mr. Fujiwara has the image of always being at the center of the government.
02:34Among them, Michinaga is the most sacred person.
02:39Mr. Fujiwara inherited the family name of Kamatari of Nagatomi.
02:44And then he inherited the name of Fujiwara.
02:47As time went by, there was a lot of division.
02:51A little before Michinaga, Tadahida of Fujiwara was the main character.
02:58Michinaga's father, Kaneie, was the third son.
03:02That's how Kaneie got to the top of power with Tadahida's legacy.
03:09Michinaga was the fifth son of Kaneie.
03:13In other words, he was in a position where it was very difficult to get to the center of the government.
03:18On the other hand, what kind of person was Michinaga's son, Yorimichi?
03:24Yorimichi is the eldest son of Michinaga.
03:29Michinaga inherited the family name of Yorimichi.
03:33He was 26 years old when he became the governor of Fujiwara.
03:36Michinaga was already the governor of Fujiwara.
03:40But he gave the name to Yorimichi a year later.
03:43He gave it to Yorimichi so early.
03:45Michinaga was a bad person.
03:48He didn't let go of his power.
03:50Yorimichi was the only governor of Fujiwara.
03:54This time, we will explore the teachings of the Fujiwara family,
03:59focusing on Michinaga and Yorimichi.
04:06First, let's take a look at what kind of family Fujiwara was.
04:13Fujiwara, the largest Kugei family in Japan.
04:17Its history began in 645.
04:21The Kugei family inherited the leadership of the Keiji family from the emperor.
04:28The emperor of Fujiwara, Nakatomi no Kamatari,
04:31became the emperor of Fujiwara.
04:37The son of Kamatari, Fuhito,
04:39had his daughter married to the emperor.
04:42She became the mother of the prince.
04:46She was involved in the constitution of the country,
04:50the constitution of the country, and the constitution of Japan.
04:53She was active in politics.
04:59After that, Fuhito had four sons,
05:02and Fujiwara was divided into four families.
05:09During the Heian period,
05:11the Hokke, who won the war against the Yoshifusa family,
05:14became the largest force.
05:18Yoshifusa, who was born in the Hokke,
05:21became the emperor of Fujiwara for the first time
05:24when his young grandchild became the emperor of Fujiwara.
05:28He became the emperor of Fujiwara for the first time,
05:31and supported the emperor.
05:33In addition, Mototsune, who became the adopted son of Yoshifusa,
05:36continued to conduct experiments in politics as an outsider of the emperor.
05:43Thus, the political system in which Fujiwara
05:46has been in charge of all affairs for generations was established.
05:53It is the so-called Seikan politics.
05:57And the one who led the renaissance
06:00was Michinaga of Fujiwara,
06:03who became the emperor of Fujiwara for the first time.
06:08Michinaga made the three daughters
06:10become the emperors one after another,
06:13and made the power of Fujiwara absolute.
06:20Furthermore, Chakunan Fujiwara no Yorimichi
06:23continued to lead the politics
06:26for about half a century,
06:29taking the throne of Sessho Kanpaku.
06:33However, at the end of this Yorimichi era,
06:36the experiment of politics held by Fujiwara
06:39was rejected by the emperor.
06:45It is the moment of the defeat of the Fujiwara family.
06:51Why did the movie of Fujiwara end?
06:57This time, it has been more than 400 years since the Waska period,
07:02and it is about the defeat of the Fujiwara family
07:05who lost the experiment even though they were at the center of politics.
07:12Now, let's look back at the main events of the Fujiwara family
07:15centered on Michinaga and Yorimichi.
07:19The history of Fujiwara city goes back to the Asuka period.
07:24Since the era of Fuhito,
07:26the relationship with the emperor has been strengthened.
07:29The goal of the Fujiwara family
07:32was to get the throne of the emperor.
07:35This was the goal of the Kuge family in this era.
07:39Looking at the yearbook,
07:42the year of Fuhito, 697,
07:45is about 300 years old.
07:49There was a decline in the Fujiwara family
07:52in the VTR,
07:55but in the 300 years without the yearbook,
07:58there was also a conflict within the Fujiwara family.
08:01That's right.
08:03There are four sons of Fuhito,
08:06the Nankei, Hokkei, Shukiki, and Kyokei.
08:09They are from different families
08:12and continue to follow the same Fujiwara family.
08:16During that time, there was a conflict between each family.
08:21There was also a conflict within the family.
08:24After the decline,
08:27the Fujiwara family gained power
08:30and welcomed the era of Michinaga.
08:33Did Michinaga have a rivalry with his brothers?
08:38According to the yearbook,
08:41he didn't have any rivalry with his brothers.
08:44However, after he started to rule the emperor,
08:47he took very strict measures
08:50to protect his brothers.
08:53If you think about it,
08:56the Fujiwara family was not stable at that time.
08:59I think he thought he had a chance.
09:02He didn't think he would be able to
09:05get his way,
09:08so he didn't have the ambition
09:11to take care of his brothers.
09:14I don't think he had that ambition until he was in his 20s.
09:17I see.
09:20Mr. Fujiwara is going to the 2nd century B.C.
09:23What kind of strategy did he have?
09:26Let's take a look at the history
09:29of the Fujiwara family.
09:32The Fujiwara family lived in Japan
09:35for more than 400 years
09:38from the time of Kamatari, the first Fujiwara.
09:41They were at the center of Japanese politics.
09:44They were a family
09:47of the Fujiwara family.
09:50They were the only family
09:53to be able to do political experiments.
09:56What was the role
09:59of the Fujiwara family
10:02in this political experiment?
10:05I asked Mr. Kuramoto,
10:08who has been studying the politics
10:11of the Heian nobles for many years.
10:14For example,
10:17when he was young and couldn't see the politics,
10:20the Fujiwara family would take his place.
10:23The role of the Fujiwara family
10:26was to give advice
10:29when the emperor grew up
10:32and was able to decide the politics.
10:35The Fujiwara family had the power
10:38to decide the politics
10:41of the Heian nobles.
10:47The Fujiwara family was influenced
10:50by the emperor's mother,
10:53Gaiseki,
10:56who was a concubine in Nara.
11:00Mr. Furuse,
11:03who is familiar with the Heian period,
11:06explains the reason why Gaiseki was powerful.
11:09Gaiseki made his daughter
11:12his concubine.
11:15When the child was born,
11:18Gaiseki raised the child
11:21in his wife's house.
11:25Gaiseki became the emperor's concubine
11:28and established the Heian period
11:31and the pre-Heian period.
11:34He was the person who had the greatest power in Fujiwara.
11:40However, Mr. Michinaga
11:43did not desire power from the beginning.
11:47Mr. Michinaga was the 5th son of Kaneie.
11:50He was the 3rd son
11:53of Tokihime,
11:56who was the wife of Michitaka Michikane.
11:59Michitaka was quite old.
12:02It was obvious to everyone
12:05that Michitaka would succeed Kaneie.
12:08I was quite aware of that.
12:11I think I did not have a political ambition
12:14until much later.
12:17Michinaga said that he would never reach
12:20the pinnacle of the festival.
12:23Young Michinaga
12:26lived a carefree life.
12:30However, an unexpected incident occurred
12:33and he became unknown to the powerful.
12:38When Michinaga was 25 years old,
12:41his father Kaneie passed away.
12:44His eldest son Michitaka succeeded him
12:47and became the emperor's son-in-law.
12:51At that time, many people suffered from
12:54epidemics and famine
12:57but Michitaka prioritized
13:00the politics of the nobles.
13:04When disasters occur,
13:07or when various epidemics occur in the region,
13:10of course, the tax rate does not rise.
13:13I think it is a difficult thing for the country.
13:16But after all, I am a nobleman,
13:19so I don't think much about the people.
13:23In the meantime, Michitaka passed away
13:26in just 5 years after becoming the emperor's son-in-law.
13:30After that, his younger brother Michikane
13:33became the emperor's son-in-law,
13:36but he passed away about 10 days later.
13:43At that time, Michitaka's eldest son,
13:46Michinaga's son-in-law,
13:49Korechika, became the emperor's son-in-law.
13:54Emperor Ichijo said,
13:57Leave the politics to Korechika.
14:00That's what he thought.
14:04However, Michinaga felt a sense of crisis.
14:10Michitaka and his son, Korechika,
14:13had a lot of dissatisfaction
14:16with the emperor's son-in-law.
14:19They must have realized that.
14:23At this rate, the future of our family will be in danger.
14:26We must do something.
14:31In addition, Ichijo's mother,
14:34Michinaga's sister, Senshi,
14:37was hiding her eyebrows
14:40from Michitaka and his son, Korechika.
14:46In order to stabilize the politics,
14:49Ichijo made Michinaga his successor.
14:52He strongly admonished his son, Emperor Ichijo.
14:58I think this is Michinaga's personality and effort.
15:01He doesn't have the power
15:04like Kaneie or Michitaka.
15:07I think he's the type
15:10who talks a lot with everyone.
15:13I think he's an adjustable type.
15:17With Senshi's support,
15:20Michinaga took the throne.
15:23He had the authority to look
15:26at the throne before the emperor.
15:32Michinaga, who had little power until then,
15:35had an idea.
15:39The emperor's family and his family
15:42should be more closely united
15:45to make the throne.
15:48The more stable the throne is,
15:51the less political changes
15:54and political changes will occur.
15:57In other words,
16:00he thought the world would be at peace
16:03if he held the power.
16:06In 996, Michinaga
16:09sent a letter to Minister Sadai,
16:12the son of Emperor Ichijo.
16:15On the other hand,
16:18he refused to take the throne.
16:22Normally, when you take the throne,
16:25you can't attend the meeting of the nobles.
16:28However, if you do both,
16:31you can be the chairman of the meeting
16:34and gather opinions.
16:37You can take it to the emperor
16:40because it's convenient for you
16:43to have the power.
16:46That's why he didn't want to let it go.
16:49The power he got
16:52will be passed on to my family.
16:56Michinaga's strategy was
16:59the Oie-gei of Fujiwara.
17:04He wanted to take the throne
17:07and control the world as he wanted.
17:12Then he did something unprecedented.
17:17At that time,
17:20Emperor Ichijo had a son named Teishi.
17:23He made the eldest daughter, Shoshu,
17:26the second princess.
17:33However,
17:36on the same day,
17:39Teishi gave birth to the first prince,
17:42Asuyasu Shinnou.
17:45Michinaga panicked.
17:48He couldn't be the grandfather of the emperor.
17:52Even if Shoshu takes the throne
17:55and becomes the second prince,
17:58he can have a child in 10 years.
18:01Michinaga knew this from his experience.
18:04So he raised Shoshu like a child.
18:07If Shoshu doesn't have a child,
18:10Asuyasu will be the successor.
18:13Asuyasu Shinnou's mother, Teishi,
18:16gave birth to Shoshu and died about a year later.
18:22Michinaga spent time
18:25with Asuyasu Shinnou
18:28and waited for Shoshu's birth.
18:32His wish came true,
18:35and Shoshu gave birth to the prince he had been waiting for
18:3810 years after he was born.
18:42The next year,
18:45the second prince was born.
18:48Michinaga was almost certain
18:51that he would be the grandson of the emperor.
18:56The grandson is the most powerful.
18:59His daughter, who gave birth to the grandson,
19:02is also alive.
19:05That makes him even stronger.
19:08At that time,
19:11Murasaki Shikibu,
19:14a famous writer of the Genji story,
19:17was working for Shoshu in Kyushu.
19:20In the Murasaki Shikibu diary,
19:23Yamamoto, a researcher of peace literature,
19:26wrote about Michinaga.
19:42However,
19:45Michinaga was not satisfied with this.
19:50After that,
19:54he strengthened his relationship with the emperor
19:57and made his position a stronghold.
20:12As expected,
20:15Michinaga became the grandson of Goichijo,
20:18and gained great power.
20:21It is a famous song in the world.
20:25If you think that this world is nothing
20:28but the rice cake of our world,
20:32you will think that this world is yours.
20:35As if the full moon is not missing.
20:39This song has long been thought to be
20:42a reflection of Michinaga's pride.
20:46However, Yamamoto interprets it this way.
20:51I think that this world is not yours.
20:55It is not the same as the full moon.
20:58It is not the same as the full moon.
21:01It is not the same as the full moon.
21:05It is not the same as the full moon.
21:08While enjoying the achievement of daughters and sons from the bottom of my heart,
21:11it is my best time.
21:14Michinaga does not decide things on his own,
21:17but listens to the opinions of the people around him
21:20to ensure the stability of the government.
21:26He established a strong foreign policy
21:29and strengthened the recognition of power by the nobles.
21:33And his movie is also a continuation of the future movie.
21:36It is so difficult to make a picture of the people of this era,
21:39and I feel like they are my parents.
21:42But I can't understand this.
21:45I have to take care of my daughter,
21:48and I have to do foreign policy.
21:51I have to do foreign policy,
21:54and I have to strengthen my authority.
21:57I have to do foreign policy,
22:00and I have to strengthen my authority.
22:03He strengthened his authority.
22:06He is the king of the year.
22:09It is the era of the 20s and 30s.
22:12He built the 20s and 30s and became close to the royal family.
22:15It is a word of mutual unity.
22:18He established his own power structure.
22:21However, foreign policy is based on
22:24whether his daughter, who was in her teens,
22:27is favored by the emperor and whether she can have a son.
22:30He didn't have to create a new structure or new initiative.
22:33He didn't have to create a new structure or new initiative.
22:36But when you think about it,
22:39foreign policy is like putting your blood in the emperor's house.
22:42At the same time, it has the effect of
22:45making your own house prosper.
22:48So, no matter how much luck you have,
22:51you can't quit.
22:54The warrior who was greatly involved in the birth of Michinaga
22:57was a sister to Michinaga.
23:00Michinaga was a sister to Michitaka and Michikai.
23:03Michinaga was a sister to Michitaka and Michikai.
23:06Michinaga was the son of Emperor Enyu.
23:09After Emperor Enyu died,
23:12the next emperor, Ichijo,
23:15was the son of Michinaga.
23:18He was the one who instigated Michinaga to establish his power structure.
23:21He was a great benefactor to Michinaga.
23:24He had a great right to speak as a woman.
23:27He had a great right to speak as a woman.
23:30He was a cute little brother.
23:33Michinaga was the one who had a great future for the emperor.
23:36I think he was highly valued.
23:39He was the son of the warrior.
23:42Emperor Ichijo had a princess named Teishi.
23:45Despite the fact that she was a princess,
23:48Michinaga made his daughter, Shoshi,
23:51his wife.
23:54What did Emperor Ichijo think about this?
23:57That's a difficult question.
24:00Emperor Ichijo wanted his daughter
24:03to inherit the throne.
24:06In order to do that,
24:09a new emperor named Atsuyasu was born.
24:12If Atsuyasu dies,
24:15his daughter cannot inherit the throne.
24:18If Atsuyasu dies,
24:21his daughter can inherit the throne.
24:24If Atsuyasu dies,
24:27his daughter can inherit the throne.
24:30In this era,
24:33there is a high possibility that a woman can live a long life.
24:36There is a high possibility that a woman can live a long life.
24:39It depends on luck.
24:42It depends on luck.
24:45It's scary, isn't it?
24:48Everything is going as planned.
24:51Everything is going as planned.
24:54Maybe it's just a matter of luck.
24:57Luck doesn't last forever.
25:00Luck doesn't last forever.
25:03Fujiwara was in his prime in the era of Michinaga.
25:06However, his son, Yorimichi,
25:09played his part in the film.
25:12What happened?
25:15The countdown to the decline of the Fujiwara family begins.
25:18The countdown to the decline of the Fujiwara family begins.
25:21Yorimichi, son of Michinaga,
25:24was 26 years old when he inherited the throne.
25:27He wanted to maintain the power of the family.
25:30He wanted to maintain the power of the family.
25:33However, his wish crumbled.
25:36However, his wish crumbled.
25:39Michinaga's father, who supported him,
25:42Michinaga's father, who supported him,
25:45passed away at the age of 62.
25:48He was 36 years old.
25:51Michinaga joined the government.
25:54Yorimichi was afraid of his father.
25:57He asked Michinaga for help.
26:00When Michinaga died,
26:03Yorimichi couldn't hold a proper ceremony.
26:07Yorimichi, who was entrusted by his father,
26:10couldn't gain Michinaga's trust.
26:13couldn't gain Michinaga's trust.
26:19The following year,
26:22the Taira-no-Tadasume Rebellion broke out in Kanto.
26:27Yorimichi ordered to suppress the rebellion as soon as possible.
26:30Yorimichi ordered to suppress the rebellion as soon as possible.
26:33It took three years to suppress the rebellion.
26:37I think the whole social structure has changed.
26:40I think the whole social structure has changed.
26:43I think the whole social structure has changed.
26:47The local nobles were dissatisfied with the aristocratic system.
26:50The local nobles were dissatisfied with the aristocratic system.
26:53They started to protest by force.
26:58However, Yorimichi was determined to
27:01oppose the aristocratic system.
27:12Yorimichi tried to maintain power
27:15in the same way as his father, Michinaga.
27:21Yorimichi, who had only a daughter at that time,
27:24had a daughter at that time.
27:28Yorimichi wanted to continue what Michinaga had done.
27:31Yorimichi wanted to continue what Michinaga had done.
27:34He wanted to strengthen his ties with the Emperor
27:37in order to strengthen his power.
27:41However, the adopted daughter died at the age of 24
27:44without having any heir.
27:47However, the adopted daughter died at the age of 24
27:50At that time, the only daughter, Kanshi, was only four years old.
27:53Yorimichi was 48 years old.
27:57Yorimichi was 48 years old.
28:03In addition, Yorimichi's administration was in great danger.
28:06In addition, Yorimichi's administration was in great danger.
28:10A new emperor, Takahito Shindo,
28:13was chosen as the new emperor.
28:16was chosen as the new emperor.
28:20If Takahito becomes the emperor,
28:23he will be excluded from the throne.
28:26Yorimichi, having chosen the next emperor,
28:29Yorimichi, having chosen the next emperor,
28:32assigned Kanshi, who was 15 years old,
28:35to the new emperor,
28:38and he set out to eliminate Takahito Shindo.
28:41and he set out to eliminate Takahito Shindo.
28:45He began a campaign against Takahito Shindo.
28:49He wanted to oppose Fujiwara,
28:52who had united with him.
28:55I think that's what he was thinking about.
29:00However, Yorimichi was afraid of being separated from the outside world,
29:05and had no time to read the atmosphere around him.
29:10In 1051, the nobles of the Tohoku region made a decision to the emperor.
29:25This is the station of Zen-Kunen.
29:29Yorimichi, in order to realize the paradise,
29:33reclaimed Michinaga's villa in Uji next year.
29:42This is the Hōō-do, known as the design of the 10-yen coin.
29:49Mr. Iwasa, a history guide in Uji, talks about the background of the time.
29:56The world has changed a lot.
30:00In the old days, it might have been peaceful,
30:04but outside, it was a very brutal world.
30:09The Hōō-do, where Yorimichi, who wished for peace,
30:13joined with a strong desire.
30:16A huge national monument was built there.
30:27In 1062, the station of Zen-Kunen, which lasted more than 10 years, finally ended.
30:37However, Yorimichi was troubled by another problem.
30:4312 years after the end of the Edo period,
30:46his daughter Kanshu was 27 years old,
30:50but she had not given birth to a child yet.
30:55If I don't give birth to a prince,
30:58the prosperity of my family will be cut off.
31:02I was strongly aware that this system would end with our generation.
31:10While being so cornered,
31:13did Yorimichi not think of other ways to maintain power?
31:21Ah, that's impossible.
31:24His main concept is to inherit the power.
31:28I don't think he was trying to do anything new.
31:32Yorimichi did not think of other ways,
31:35and the time passed mischievously.
31:45In 1068, 33-year-old Kanshu was still unmarried.
31:54While Yorimichi was angry,
31:57Kanshu's husband, Go-Reizei, came to his senses.
32:04And Takahito, who was in a bad relationship with Yorimichi,
32:10became Go-Sanjo-Tenno.
32:16It was about 170 years ago that the emperor,
32:20who had nothing to do with Fujiwara, passed away.
32:27It's been a long time.
32:30Yorimichi, who had been in the position of the most powerful person
32:35for more than half a century,
32:39withdrew from the world.
32:45It was the moment of the defeat of the Fujiwara clan.
32:50Since then, the Seikan Seiji, which was centered on Fujiwara,
32:54has been abolished, and the era of Insei will soon come.
33:00What was the cause of the defeat of the clan?
33:05If I had to say, it was the idea of the Heian nobles
33:09who had no choice but to keep their power by chance.
33:16Yorimichi's adopted son, Yorimichi,
33:19was appointed as the successor of Yorimichi.
33:25However, Kanshu, who was not the successor of the emperor,
33:29did not have the same experience as before.
33:32The era of Insei, in which Yorimichi himself leads the Seiji,
33:36is about to come to an end.
33:41Certainly, the mechanism of the Gaiseki Seiji
33:45is based on chance.
33:48There is a limit.
33:51If you're lucky, the Gaiseki Seiji is over.
33:55It was interesting to see Yorimichi,
33:58who did not have the same experience as Yorimichi.
34:02At least, Michinaga should have thought of
34:05risking his life as the successor of Atsuyashi Shinno.
34:10In other words, Go-sanjo-tenno should have
34:13taken care of his son from the beginning.
34:16He should have done that,
34:19but he just prayed for the birth of a prince.
34:22I think it's rare to see such a reckless person.
34:25However, Yorimichi had been in power for 50 years.
34:30He had been in power for a long time.
34:33However, there was a lot of rebellion in the region at that time.
34:38Historically speaking, what kind of era was the Heian period?
34:42In short, it was an era when people at the top of the government
34:46were fighting for power.
34:49I think this is the Heian period.
34:52In the end, Yorimichi was only interested in power struggle.
34:57There was a lot of rebellion in the upper and lower ranks.
35:01All the happiness of the rebellion was given to the people.
35:05It is natural for the people at the top of the government
35:09to take care of their own country,
35:12not only the Seikan family.
35:15I think it is natural for Go-sanjo-tenno to lead the new world.
35:20Ito-san, what do you think is the biggest reason
35:23why the Heian period in Fujiwara City ended with Yorimichi?
35:27Ito-jun's point of view on the back of history
35:31from the perspective of a historian.
35:37The worst-case scenario for Yorimichi
35:40was that he couldn't have a daughter.
35:44In today's world, there was no plan for a marriage.
35:49For example, Yorimichi was trying to get a wife.
35:54Yorimichi was at the top of the government for 51 years.
35:59All he did was to fight for power
36:02with his family as his only concern.
36:06During that time, Ocho-seiji was in a deadlock.
36:10There were epidemics, crises, and rebellions in various places.
36:15Ocho-seiji and the Seikan government had reached their limits.
36:20They should have stopped fighting for power
36:24and focused on the existence of the Seikan family.
36:32If you want to make your dreams come true,
36:35you have to consider all the risks and avoid them.
36:39If you only think about yourself, you will be ignored.
36:45Fujiwara-shi was in a deadlock due to Ocho-seiji,
36:49which lasted for about 170 years.
36:52Let's take a look at what happened to Yorimichi's descendants.
36:59When Kanpaku Norimichi died,
37:02Yorimichi's son, Morozane, became Kanpaku.
37:07Morozane didn't want to fight,
37:10so he took the Kyocho route with the Emperor.
37:14The Seikan family was inherited from this family in Michinaga.
37:21However, like in the past,
37:23the Seikan family was never involved in political experiments.
37:29During the Seikan era,
37:31the Emperor was decided by the Seikan family.
37:37However, in the Inseiki era,
37:39the Seikan family was decided by the Emperor.
37:46After the Heiji Rebellion,
37:48the Zuke Seiken was established.
37:51The Seikan family, a descendant of Fujiwara-shi,
37:54was divided into five families, known as the Gosekke.
37:59The Gosekke dominated the Seisho and Kanpakus,
38:05and continued to influence the Kuge society to the end.
38:12What did Fujiwara-shi bring to this country?
38:17He was so used to doing something with his blood.
38:21I think it's a big deal that it's still going on.
38:26Above all, the Fujiwara family continued to hope for the prosperity of the family.
38:32This idea has been passed down to this country,
38:36and continues to this day.
38:44The Seikan era and the Inseiki era
38:48were limited to the Heian period.
38:52However, they continued for a long time.
38:55I think it's a new discovery for us
38:59that the way of thinking of the Heian period
39:03still remains in us.
39:05Yes, it is.
39:07The Heian period was longer than we thought it would be.
39:11During that time, the Seikan family switched to the Inseiki family.
39:15The Buke Seiken was established,
39:17and the Seikan family continued to dominate the country.
39:21How did Go-Sanjo-Tenno weaken the power of Fujiwara-shi?
39:26Go-Sanjo-Tenno wanted to get rid of the Tenno Shinsei.
39:30It's the same in every era,
39:32but for that to happen, you need a Zaigen.
39:35A Zaigen is a Shouen.
39:37In other words,
39:39the owners of the Shouen
39:41are gradually being dragged down,
39:43generation by generation.
39:45They continue to be the successors of the Shouen.
39:49There are Shouen that are in a bad position,
39:52or that are in the way of their ownership.
39:55The Shouen is the result of that,
39:57and the Shouen has become a national property.
40:00Fujiwara-shi is behind all of that.
40:02Of course, if Fujiwara-shi's bloodline is this wide,
40:05the Shouen's Zaigen, the Insei,
40:07begins with the next generation,
40:09the Shirakawa family.
40:11Do you think it was inevitable
40:13for the Insei to begin
40:15with the Shirakawa family?
40:17I think the Shirakawa family
40:19was the result of the Shirakawa family
40:21being dragged down by the Go-Sanjo-Tenno.
40:24What the Shirakawa family is doing
40:26is increasing their own wealth,
40:28and that leads to power.
40:30It's not much different
40:32from what Fujiwara-shi is doing.
40:34If a society where everyone
40:36increases their own Shouen
40:38by their own desire
40:40emerges,
40:42martial arts will become stronger.
40:44That's how martial arts emerged.
40:46That's right.
40:48Ito-san, what do you think
40:50Fujiwara-shi's role in Japanese history
40:52was?
40:54It had a big impact.
40:56The way Japan's politics and power
40:58existed,
41:00the structure of society and culture
41:02were established
41:04by Fujiwara-shi's Sekkan politics.
41:06To be more specific,
41:08the relationship with the Shouen,
41:10the determination to maintain peace,
41:12the management of the world,
41:14the structure of the house,
41:16the system of power,
41:18the system of power,
41:20and the political and cultural
41:22coercion were all
41:24established by Fujiwara-shi.
41:26That was Fujiwara-shi's era.
41:30Coming up next,
41:32Ito-san's another story.
41:38There is another story
41:40Ito-san's another story
41:44If Yorimichi could continue
41:46his foreign policy,
41:48how would history have changed?
41:52I don't think
41:54it would have been possible
41:56without the Sekkan.
41:58After that,
42:00even with the Buke regime,
42:02the power of the Sekkan was very strong.
42:04Why was it so strong?
42:06The Sekkan had the most Shouen
42:08In other words,
42:10it had a lot of wealth.
42:12With the strong power of the Sekkan,
42:14the Shotei and Kuge society
42:16was established.
42:18The Buke regime
42:20and the Shotei and Kuge society
42:22created a two-party system.
42:24That system continued
42:26to divide power.
42:28I think that's how the world
42:30developed.
42:32Now, let's look at some
42:34lessons we can learn
42:36from this story.
42:38Fujiwara didn't realize
42:40the change of the times
42:42and didn't realize
42:44the new power structure
42:46other than foreign policy.
42:48Even in today's society,
42:50traditional companies
42:52have been around for a long time.
42:54However, I think there are
42:56a lot of companies
42:58that don't want to expand
43:00and grow.
43:02In other words,
43:04companies are left behind
43:06by the times.
43:08To avoid that,
43:10companies need to
43:12adapt to the times
43:14and leave.
43:16It's been a long time ago,
43:18but despite the emergence
43:20of the internet society,
43:22it was too late
43:24for the growth of globalism
43:26as a result of
43:28the slow decision-making
43:30system.
43:32I feel like I haven't learned
43:34anything from Fujiwara
43:36because I've been
43:38exposed to power struggle
43:40inside the company.
43:42If you want to stay in the present,
43:44you just have to move forward.
43:46Don't forget to catch
43:48the change of the times
43:50and keep challenging.
43:52This is a lesson
43:54learned from the defeat
43:56of the Fujiwara family.
43:58If the foreign policy
44:00of Fujiwara continued,
44:02the Japanese society
44:04would have been
44:06completely different
44:08from the Japanese society
44:10we know today.
44:12I think so.
44:14For example,
44:16in Chinese dramas,
44:18the military and the civil service
44:20are fighting side by side.
44:22I think that kind of situation
44:24was born.
44:26I think so, too.
44:28If you follow it,
44:30you can see if a prince
44:32or a boy is born.
44:34I think it's interesting
44:36that there was a turning point
44:38in history.
44:40It's interesting and scary.
44:42I agree.
44:44I feel a little scared.
44:46Mr. Ito, thank you.
44:50This is a lesson
44:52learned from the defeat
44:54of the Fujiwara family.