Desde una lata de bebida, el coche que se envía al desguace, el cobre escondido en la electricidad de las casas o un viejo ordenador. Todo ello contiene metales que se pueden recuperar y reciclar infinidad de veces, ahorrando consumo energético. Cuando el hierro, el aluminio o el cobre se funden, su vida empieza de nuevo.
Existe hay una minería distinta, una mina urbana que está en los vertederos, en las chatarrerías o en las plantas donde tratan los residuos eléctricos y electrónicos. La basura de los aparatos que funcionan con pilas o electricidad, es la que crece más rápido, la más deseada por los traficantes ilegales de residuos y la más difícil de reciclar, porque contiene materias primas críticas en cantidades microscópicas.
Existe hay una minería distinta, una mina urbana que está en los vertederos, en las chatarrerías o en las plantas donde tratan los residuos eléctricos y electrónicos. La basura de los aparatos que funcionan con pilas o electricidad, es la que crece más rápido, la más deseada por los traficantes ilegales de residuos y la más difícil de reciclar, porque contiene materias primas críticas en cantidades microscópicas.
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FunTranscript
00:00We are on a finite planet, and that finite planet cannot give us everything that the economy
00:17wants.
00:18The amount of mineral deposits on the planet, compared to the amount of rocks or what we
00:27can call terrestrial crust, is between 0.01 and 0.001% of the crust.
00:36It is so small that it is much smaller than the amount of water we have.
00:41The cheap minerals on which the economy is based are absolutely limited.
00:57We are talking about the Bronze Age, the Copper Age, the Iron Age, the next one will be
01:10the Age of the Periodic Table, that is, of all the elements that we have available.
01:16Just as the oil opium has been generated, the opium of phosphorus, the opium of tantalum,
01:24the opium of lithium or indium, we have opened up too many fronts, and we do not know for
01:31which ones the bullets will reach us.
01:38Recycling is the solution, we cannot do anything else.
01:49We have to live off our waste, waste that in some way is the raw material of the future.
02:19There is a lot of Asian interest, a lot of Asian buying of copper, and that has been
02:43sustained into the rings today.
02:49Average trade size for copper contracts, old estimate to be around 50 lots.
02:56So in monetary terms, at the moment where the price of copper is, that is roughly around
03:01nine million dollars per trade.
03:30We are talking about small, medium, and larger trades, and very, very large.
03:34Everyone looks for their reference and knows how much copper is trading today, or how much
03:37aluminum is trading, primary, secondary, and you have to refer to something, both in
03:42the purchase and in the sale, because one day you can make gold and the next day you can
03:46ruin yourself.
03:47What I do believe is that in this world of values, it is managed by people who understand
04:57the value of copper, who understand that it is a very powerful machine, in Spain it is
05:02the most powerful, in Europe it is one of the most powerful.
05:06The smaller and denser the waste, the more valuable it is.
05:14The consumer has the idea that a recycling plant, a waste dump, is that image of the
05:21van that picks up the homes, that picks up the houses, that then takes it to a kind of
05:25totum revolutum, and that image has changed a lot in the last 20, 30 years, and they are
05:33very advanced industries in IMASD and continuous improvement.
05:38Today, I believe that the recovery companies, the waste dumps, evolve more if we have more
05:48ecological awareness.
05:49If you have an awareness of not polluting, your management is probably much more efficient,
05:55because you are going to invest in modern machinery, and whoever has the best car wins the races.
06:04Iron, aluminum and copper are the most widely used metals in the world.
06:18There are no shortage of iron or aluminum in hundreds of years.
06:28What worries me the most is copper.
06:31We are using copper in all electrical connections.
06:35It is being used in pipes, it is being used in many electronic applications, and there
06:42is not so much copper, and above all, we return to the same thing, there is not so much that
06:47it is cheap.
06:51Its consumption grows exponentially.
06:54We have already exhausted more than half of the world's reserves of copper.
06:58If we continue to devour it at the current rate, demand could exceed supply by the middle
07:04of the century.
07:05Sometimes we forget that copper is already among us.
07:09Here, the most metals are steel, aluminum and copper.
07:32Everything is being segregated, because all the foundations, in the end, specialize in something,
07:39and you have to segregate it so that the materials are not mixed, and above all, clean.
07:53A boiler, once it is opened, fills the entire iron casing.
07:58It is about taking out all the materials that have a value above the iron casing.
08:05We start with the copper pipes, which is the one that has the most value.
08:10That is joined to the boiler by brass joints, which is the following.
08:14The whole circuit is what we call covered copper, which is copper wire with its plastic.
08:19We also have a cooler, which is made of stainless steel.
08:23It could be said that it is like a small mine, where you have to dig little by little
08:27to get what has the most value.
08:38An aeolian turbine uses 5 tons of copper.
08:42In a house there can be 100 kilos, and in an electric car, about 75.
08:53More than 40% of the copper used in Europe is recycled.
08:57The mines have ...
09:00The metals, if we recover them, do not die.
09:06We cannot continue as we are.
09:08We cannot follow a linear system, consuming, consuming resources,
09:11polluting, spending fuels to produce, to extract.
09:16The logical, sustainable and rational thing,
09:19also economically, is to try to put into the cycle
09:23all the elements that we already have available and that can be recovered,
09:26that can be reused and that can be recycled.
09:28This would be the most efficient.
09:40No one realizes the amount of minerals used throughout a lifetime.
09:44They are transformed everywhere,
09:47but they are not easy to see, and we do not repair them.
09:58When the history of a house is exhausted, they leave their hiding place.
10:08This is an atypical demolition.
10:11The ceilings can be broken, the forges,
10:14or even all the furniture is spread out
10:17and the interiors are thrown away so that the house is not occupied.
10:22Illegally.
10:24It is a bit of a sinister scenario and a bit of a war scenario.
10:33When executing a demolition,
10:36we have a mandatory waste management plan.
10:39We are going to try to value and recover
10:42all the materials that have a second life.
10:45This is what we are going to call the circular economy.
10:51The first thing we do is recover the metals,
10:53which is the most valuable recovery.
10:55For example, the lead from the pipes,
10:58the copper from the pipes, the cable from the lights,
11:01steel radiators, also the structure of the house
11:04and other common areas of iron.
11:10New works and new buildings are no longer understood
11:14without using at least 20-30% of the materials
11:18that are recovered from the work itself.
11:26It is also possible to recover appliances,
11:29refrigerators, ovens or microwaves.
11:32Everything is going to be managed at its recycling point.
11:35You have to separate it, classify it perfectly,
11:38each waste to its destination area for its own treatment.
11:43And when the building is clean,
11:45we will have a heavy machine.
11:47Our strength in our company is mechanical demolition.
11:50Very powerful machines that the building will collapse in a single day.
12:00Each person can use 1,800 tons of minerals.
12:04Some, such as gas or oil, are burned,
12:07but others remain trapped in the rubble of our lives.
12:12The first plants are treated in a complex.
12:21The first plants are treated in a complex.
12:32We are in one of the plants of the complex.
12:36Here we receive the waste that we collect in the city of Madrid on a daily basis.
12:40and we are receiving a residual fraction, a gray cube with the orange lid and a yellow cube with the containers.
12:59One of the most important things that I would like to convey to the citizens is that we do not mix the waste.
13:05It is mixed for many reasons. One of the most important is that the material that is usable within the container fraction,
13:11when it is processed, has a greater value in the secondary market of raw materials than the one that we take out of the residual fraction. Everything is mixed.
13:23In the pit of the containers, where the residues of the yellow container that manages Ecoembes arrive, there is a mineral deposit.
13:30Cans of steel and aluminum that can be recycled over and over again without losing their properties.
13:40Any residue, in this case a can, is an opportunity to take care of the environment because it can become a new resource.
13:47With 80 cans of drink you can make a bicycle tire, with 500 you can make a chair, or as our latest campaign says,
13:55with every 6 cans you recycle, you help to counteract 10 minutes of exhaust pipe pollution due to the CO2 emissions that you are saving.
14:06Ecoembes, the yellow container and the blue container, works on 8% of the total number of urban solid waste,
14:12the total number of residues that are generated in a city. And of that 8%, we are at a recycling rate of 76.
14:20In other words, just recycling a part, like in this case the domestic containers of paper, cardboard, plastic containers, cans,
14:27is not enough to contribute as a country to the objectives that Europe sets for us.
14:36Europe wants that within two years, in 2020, we recycle half of the municipal residues.
14:42And getting it is not going to be easy because we have only reached 33%.
14:48The main destination of our waste is still the landfill.
15:02What we are seeing through the tapes is the raw reality.
15:05Many materials are being lost, for example, in this part where we are dealing with the rest fraction,
15:10because they transport a very high amount of containers, containers that should not be here.
15:17If you listen to the audio in the plant, you can hear a lot of glass too, glass that should not be here.
15:23And again, if we look at the tapes, there is a lot of cardboard paper that should not be here either.
15:32The first thing that needs to be improved is the selective or separate collection of the different fractions.
15:37Right now, almost 80% of our waste is mixed.
15:40This means that it is completely inefficient when separating them, we are seeing it in the plants.
15:45A good part of all the resources are being put in a hole, which we call a landfill,
15:51or a controlled deposit, or even burning an incinerator or a cemetery.
16:01We are in the part where we deal with the container fraction of the plant, this yellow bag.
16:06We continue to see many things that should go in other fractions.
16:11We are talking about cardboard paper and even organic matter.
16:15We are talking about 14% of organic matter in the container fraction.
16:26One of the most important materials that are in this bag are metals.
16:31With a little effort that we citizens make in taking out those materials
16:35and depositing them in the container fraction, we could greatly improve our final result.
16:58This is the unloading area, where all the trucks come from different places.
17:03They can come from RSU plants, from landfills, and we are unloading them here
17:08to break those bullets and put them in the line.
17:13The material has to be loose to be able to do the sorting.
17:19Our main enemy here is everything that is a waste that has no value.
17:23Land, plastics, cardboard, inerts.
17:27A boat that comes with more dirt will be slower to deal with than a boat that comes with more cans.
17:33In the end, that is what we are looking for.
17:37This machine can deal with two tons of cans in an hour.
17:41Along the way, it leaves everything that does not interest it.
17:44Also the iron containers, because they have less value in the market.
17:48To the last crib, which is manual, only aluminum arrives, but not everything is worth it.
17:54This is a sorting tape, where the final objective is to recover what is the can of soda.
17:59Everything has aluminum content, but it is not the same a can of soda than a can of sardines.
18:05And what we use is that alloy of the can of soda.
18:11The London Stock Exchange is where all the raw materials are traded.
18:15This is aluminum, it is traded against aluminum, and we sell it against a percentage, and it is negotiated.
18:21This is the final product, the material is packaged, and this goes directly to the foundation.
18:41The Can of Soda
18:54At 800 degrees, the can ceases to be a can.
18:57The piece of the engine melts.
18:59An old toy is liquefied.
19:02Fire turns them into what they are.
19:04Aluminum that can adopt many other forms to have many other lives.
19:35We are in the material park, where the raw materials are,
19:39which will result in our final product, which are aluminum rings,
19:43which will fundamentally reach the automotive world.
19:46Obviously, our best junk is the one that comes from the engines.
19:55We are recovering elements that have already been something in our lives,
19:59from an engine, a car, a door handle, or a can of drink that has been recovered a lot.
20:06Toys like this scooter, or simply like this aluminum toy,
20:13or radiators for heating, automotive tires,
20:18which could be among the elements of higher quality, such as aluminum junk.
20:23You have pots, which will then melt and end up being many things.
20:34Urban mining, or the mines of the 21st century, are in the plants of recycling.
20:39They manage to get that mineral again in its purest state,
20:44much purer than in a real underground mining.
20:48For example, to get the aluminum from the bausita, we use 95% more energy,
20:55while if we have scrap or recovered aluminum,
21:00we have an aluminum with a purity of 98-99%, saving 95% energy consumption.
21:19We will lose 3% every time we melt a scrap metal.
21:24That is, of 100 kilos, we will only get 97, and so on, progressively.
21:35People must think that in this river of aluminum,
21:39we can find aluminum that has many years of recycling.
21:45That is, old aluminum, which were engines from 30 or 40 years ago,
21:50are in a minimum percentage in this process of this river today.
21:55And the scraps that come out today will become engines,
21:59which in X years will be recycled and become other engines or other parts.
22:07That is the virtue of recycling,
22:09that is the magic of being able to optimize our natural and energy resources.
22:27Last year, the Spaniards sent more than half a million cars to the landfill.
22:32The end of their useful life starts an industrial metabolism that literally digests them.
22:38Almost nothing is left of a car.
22:40There are businesses that feed on the leftovers of the banquet.
22:50The car is sent to the dump.
22:52And after a month, the car must be decontaminated and destroyed.
23:00We transfer it here to our facilities.
23:04In the workshop area, decontamination and dismantling of the parts is done.
23:09Everything we can take advantage of a car, we take advantage of it.
23:12That is the basis of the business and the criteria we use.
23:21Decontamination basically means extracting the fluids,
23:25such as gasoline, oil, brake fluid, antifreeze,
23:29catalyst, which constitutes a contaminant, and battery.
23:35Under the hood, there is a story of success.
23:38Batteries are the product that is recycled the most, almost 100%.
23:43At the end of the last century, the last large company that extracted lead in Spain closed.
23:48We put the lock on a highly contaminating activity
23:52and we turned the battery lead into the largest mine in the country.
23:58When an engine is disassembled, we have many things that we use for sale,
24:03such as injection pumps, steering pumps, starting engines, alternators, and so on.
24:09We make an order of disassembly of each vehicle.
24:13And if the engine is in good condition, we sell it as a complete engine.
24:18If the engine is in poor condition, the parts that are proven to be reusable
24:24are brought to that engine, cleaned, packed, labeled, and sent to the warehouse.
24:38Europe is the one that sets the objectives of recycling.
24:41In the case of vehicles out of use, Europe is setting a 95%,
24:45and there we have achieved the objectives.
24:48It is a very important figure.
24:50It means that from a vehicle, for example, we are recovering and recycling 95%.
24:56The fraction that can reach the landfill is a minimum fraction,
25:00and many times we are valuing that fraction energetically.
25:21When the landfill no longer has anything to reuse,
25:30we bring the car here.
25:38And here we are at a crushing plant,
25:41where the car is processed.
25:45We destroy it.
25:48We need recycling to make sustainable circular economy viable.
25:53It is essential in cities.
25:55And I think we have to mentalize ourselves.
26:18In one minute, we are able to destroy a car.
26:25That means that in a normal eight-hour shift, we could destroy a thousand cars.
26:33We are now in the control room of the machine.
26:37That machine is 110 meters long,
26:40and the only place where it can be monitored is here.
26:45What we do is a vacuum to remove the light,
26:49and then we put it in the machine.
26:52And then we put it in the machine.
26:55And then we put it in the machine.
26:58What we do is a vacuum to remove the light,
27:02which are the textiles of the seats, the light plastics.
27:08And once this has been removed from the junk,
27:11we go to a magnetic separation station,
27:14a huge roller with magnets,
27:17which segregates the iron from nonferrous metals,
27:22from what is not magnetized.
27:24Iron, iron, iron, 100%.
27:29It is the iron of the car.
27:31Once it has been through the machine, it takes a minute.
27:35As you can see, the size is homogeneous.
27:38Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:43Pieces of iron.
27:45Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:50Here we get, to give you an idea, to a more or less density, like water.
27:54Pieces like my fist, big.
27:57Pieces like my fist, big.
28:13In that pile there may be about 350 cars crushed, more or less.
28:21That junk, we call it fragmented.
28:25What do we get?
28:27Well, something much denser.
28:29Much more noble, clean and malleable,
28:33and fully prepared for the future.
28:51This figure, which grows in a dizzying way,
28:54is the number of mobile phones that are being sold in the world in real time.
29:04They use strange elements in nature that begin to show signs of exhaustion,
29:09that generate wars, and that do not recover because they are in microscopic quantities.
29:21The screen of a mobile phone, simply touching the finger and moving the screen,
29:26which is actually an optical illusion,
29:29is because it has a very thin layer behind the glass of indium and tin.
29:36That indium is an extraordinarily rare metal.
29:41It is produced in the world no more than 750 tons.
29:45750 tons for all mobile phones on the planet.
29:50We need supercondensers to temporarily store energy.
29:54What we have there is tantalum.
29:57We need the batteries to be powerful and small.
30:01So there we have lithium.
30:03We need very fine electronic circuits, very small and of course very precise.
30:11There we have silver, gold, copper, tin, even palladium.
30:16We also have a GPS.
30:19And like that GPS, we need some rare earths.
30:22In those rare earths there may be gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, etc.
30:28We have to make accounts.
30:30And we have to tell later generations what we are spending.
30:41They are very rich substances from the point of view of the number of components it has.
30:47We are probably talking about 50 or 60 elements of the periodic table.
30:52They are very important strategic elements that are present in electronics,
30:57and especially, for example, in a mobile phone.
31:02Modern mobile phones, the first thing we have to do in a plant like this
31:07to recycle them is to access their batteries.
31:10It is certainly quite difficult,
31:12because many times we have to disassemble them by hand.
31:19The manufacturers had to define and accept a policy of co-design
31:24that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:27And accept a policy of co-design that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:32And accept a policy of co-design that facilitates the use of the batteries.
31:45They are designed to last between a year and a half, two years, any of these devices.
31:49In a year and a half, two years, you have to throw it away because you can't repair it,
31:53you can't even expand it, you can't do anything with it.
31:56It is more expensive than buying a new one.
31:59In short, an absolutely linear system that goes against all the policies
32:05or the objective of circular economy.
32:10RAE, electrical and electronic devices, contain harmful substances,
32:15such as batteries, batteries, discharge lamps, toners, heavy metals.
32:20All this, we have to start removing it in the first phases of treatment.
32:28For example, the button batteries that we have in many devices,
32:32button batteries with mercury,
32:34maybe two or three batteries of this type,
32:37can contaminate one of the swamps that we have in Madrid.
32:40It is a very polluting material.
32:51They are devices that we all have in our house,
32:53a coffee maker, an ironing board, a printer, a mobile phone,
32:58that is, consumer electronics.
33:01Electric and electronic garbage grows three times faster than domestic,
33:05and is the most difficult to recycle.
33:09A refrigerator, an alarm clock, an old cathodic-ray TV,
33:14they only have in common that they plug in or carry batteries.
33:21But when they become waste, they belong to the same family
33:25and have to be managed in specific plants for their treatment.
33:31The material is decontaminated,
33:33and here what we are doing is, first of all, separating the plastics,
33:37and secondly, obtaining a series of metal fractions
33:40that in later processes allow us to recover the iron,
33:44aluminum, copper, etc.
33:46We can even recover precious metals,
33:49such as gold, silver, platinum, etc.
33:52We get approximately 30,000 tons of metals.
33:57This is a very important volume for the economic cycle.
34:04In Spain, as in Europe, we are collecting legally
34:0845% of what is put on the market every year,
34:12that is, of what is sold,
34:13practically half of it we have collected and distributed.
34:17Unfortunately, almost 30% ends up in illegal circuits.
34:22The European average, studied by Interpol in a report
34:26they did two or three years ago,
34:28figures legal waste at around 30-33%.
34:44When buying an electrical or electronic device,
34:47we have the right for the merchant who sells it
34:50to take care of the old one at no additional cost.
34:53We can also call an authorized scrap dealer
34:56or take it to a clean point.
34:58Can I help you with anything?
35:00Yes, I bring cardboard and wood.
35:03Look, cardboard and paper here, okay?
35:06Okay.
35:08The thefts at the clean points, I can't tell you as a fact,
35:12we did a study in Madrid
35:14and we studied 17 different locks of the containers.
35:19They broke all 17 models.
35:21Only a hydraulic closure prevented them
35:24from entering at night to steal the waste.
35:26It is a source of money, it is a source of illegal traffic,
35:29so thefts exist, of course.
35:33We are from the Rivas Contaminación Cero Association
35:36and what we do is to permanently map the territory of Rivas
35:40and of Madrid at the border with Rivas
35:43to know where the waste is,
35:45the dangers of fires, everything,
35:47and to inform authorities,
35:49in a judicial way, but in a constant way.
35:52The last straw came when the waste dump fire happened,
35:56which was totally suffocating.
35:58It was a huge dump,
36:00illegal, that had been made
36:02at the expense of a man charging
36:04to let people throw garbage
36:06in a place that was not authorized,
36:08nor was it treated, nor anything.
36:10As a result of the dump fire in 2015,
36:13we realized how dangerous it was,
36:16which is what we have around us.
36:18Look, Fernando, it's more or less what there was
36:21and they still don't clean.
36:23The same tons of refrigerators and refrigerators
36:25that are all over this side,
36:27and there is no way.
36:29A good day, we were doing one of our visits
36:33and we found this pile of waste.
36:36It's all full of crystals
36:38and material that can easily burn,
36:40so the potential danger is great.
36:43The gases that the refrigerator emits are dangerous,
36:46but as far as it goes, the gas dissipates.
36:49What does not dissipate is all the coating
36:52that is on the outside of the refrigerator.
36:55What does not dissipate is all the coating
36:58that we are seeing, which, if it burns,
37:01is very polluting.
37:03To be a private company,
37:05there are too many refrigerators.
37:07We believe that it is something more organized,
37:10because all this does not fit
37:12in a small van of a private company.
37:17They earn twice.
37:19First, they charge money to take it to a legal place.
37:22Second, they throw it in an illegal place
37:24and there is a problem of how it is cleaned,
37:26who cleans it and rehabilitates the land.
37:29It is absolutely devastating.
37:31It is like such a tremendous image
37:34of what is a civilization of throwing,
37:37of using, throwing, using,
37:39without any margin,
37:41but also absolutely illegal.
37:43All this you see here
37:45were absolutely new televisions,
37:47but they leave everything,
37:49they leave the glass, they leave the screens.
37:51Sometimes we have found
37:53some of them without touching.
37:58In the landfill, whether legal or illegal,
38:01valuable electronic resources are dispersed,
38:04such as rare lands.
38:06The European Commission has included these elements
38:09in its list of critical raw materials.
38:11Advanced technology and green energies
38:14need them, but the mines are not here.
38:24In 1992, the Chinese president, Deng Xiaoping,
38:27said in a world conference,
38:29if the Middle East has oil
38:31and governs thanks to it,
38:33China has the rare lands
38:35and they will be the black gold of the 21st century.
38:38And he was right.
38:42To give you an idea,
38:44I am going to show you
38:46a picture of a mine
38:48where you can see the mine.
38:51To give you an idea,
38:53only one LED television
38:55has around a kilo,
38:57a kilo and a quarter of those raw materials,
39:00critical, of those rare lands.
39:02And those rare lands have
39:04huge oscillating prices.
39:06Let's imagine a factory
39:08that works with LEDs,
39:10whether in Germany or the Netherlands,
39:12they will have this problem.
39:14If the price goes up by 40%,
39:16the price of your LED will go up by 40% in the market.
39:20Communication systems,
39:22satellite guidance systems,
39:24laser systems,
39:26we are talking, for example,
39:28about the lantern,
39:30the lithium is also there,
39:32even for the new nuclear energy development systems,
39:35and a long etc.
39:37We have that great dependence
39:39based on those specific properties
39:41and in which those deposits
39:43are only located in certain places.
39:46And in the end,
39:48it is the one that produces
39:50for the whole world
39:5290-95% of those rare lands.
39:56Europe has an almost absolute dependence
39:59and three ways to cushion it.
40:01Recycle more and better.
40:03Substitute those raw materials
40:05for other less critical
40:07or resort to mineral extraction.
40:11The recycling of critical raw materials
40:14is closely related
40:16to what we call urban mining.
40:18In the end, there is so much,
40:20or many times even more,
40:22critical raw material around us
40:24and easier to recycle and recover
40:26than what is to be extracted.
40:31The problem is so acute
40:33that there is a strategic alliance
40:35at the European level
40:37in which this research institute
40:39plays first.
40:41One of its most important projects
40:43is the refractory material
40:45that we also know as Wolframium.
40:51The refractory metals
40:53in almost all applications
40:55that are used
40:57are very difficult to replace
40:59because they have that refractory property
41:01which is that they are capable
41:03of operating at high temperatures
41:05and there is no other mineral
41:07on Earth that is capable
41:09of solving this problem.
41:11When we talk about electricity generation,
41:13we talk about any application
41:15where there is an alliance
41:17that operates at high temperatures,
41:19there are refractory materials
41:21and practically almost all of them
41:23are Tustene.
41:25Tustene is incredibly critical,
41:27it cannot be replaced,
41:29it is very difficult to recycle,
41:31therefore we have to extract it.
41:41And that is where Castilla y León
41:43and the government of Castilla y León
41:45are making a very important bet
41:47because geologically Castilla y León
41:49along with the border of Portugal
41:51have 10% of the world's reserves
41:53of Tustene.
41:59There is a company called Saloro
42:01that is going to open in Barroco Pardo
42:03a mine, they are already starting
42:05to make operations,
42:07a Tustene mine that will allow
42:09the supply of Tustene
42:11in Europe to 3% or 5%.
42:25It will not happen in a decade or two,
42:27maybe our generation will not live it,
42:29but if we don't do something now,
42:31those who come after us
42:33will know the first
42:35mineral crisis in history.
42:40The word is
42:42resource efficiency,
42:44circular economy and modesty.
42:46Resource economy
42:48because we have to design
42:50trying to consume as little as possible.
42:52In addition, we have to design
42:54to recycle and in addition
42:56we have to make things last.
42:58This is fundamental
43:00because technology is necessary
43:02but ethics are as necessary
43:04as technology.
43:10Tustene
43:12Tustene
43:14Tustene
43:16Tustene
43:18Tustene
43:20Tustene
43:22Tustene
43:24Tustene
43:26Tustene
43:28Tustene
43:30Tustene
43:32Tustene
43:34Tustene
43:36Tustene
43:38Tustene
43:40Tustene
43:42Tustene
43:44Tustene
43:46Tustene
43:48Tustene
43:50Tustene
43:52Tustene
43:54Tustene
43:56Tustene
43:58Tustene
44:00Tustene
44:02Tustene
44:04Tustene