El Primer Sitio de Viena, en 1529, marcó el apogeo de la invasión otomana de Europa central por las tropas turcas comandadas por el sultán Solimán el Magnífico. El sultán Solimán el Magnífico accedió al trono en 1520, y pidió al rey Luis II de Hungría que le rindiera tributo. El joven rey húngaro hizo matar a los embajadores como respuesta. Solicitó apoyo al emperador Carlos V, pero este tenía comprometidas sus tropas en Italia en respuesta a las agresiones de Francisco I de Francia, quien había prometido en carta escrita al sultán turco estando preso en Madrid que abriría un segundo frente en el oeste de Europa para que los otomanos avanzaran por el este.
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00:00The Ottoman Empire. A great Islamic power. For centuries, a nightmare for the Europeans.
00:16A powerful army that goes from victory to victory.
00:20Muslim warriors who continue to advance to the west.
00:26In 1683, a scream of terror resounds throughout Christianity.
00:31The Turks are at the gates of Vienna. Is the future of Europe at stake?
00:36The Turks at the gates of Vienna.
00:45Vienna. Capital of the Holy Roman Empire. Residence of the emperors of the Habsburg dynasty.
00:52In the summer of 1683, the city is under threat.
01:02For weeks, the Viennese have been resisting the siege of the Turkish army.
01:11The commander of the defenders, Count von Starenberg, knows that he has to resist at all costs.
01:18If Vienna falls, the doors of Christian Europe will be open to a Muslim invasion.
01:25The incessant bombardment is taking effect.
01:28The walls of the city are beginning to crumble, as well as the morale of the defenders.
01:34The Viennese are suffering great losses and there is no peace of mind.
01:39They are urged to reinforce their determination.
01:46The city is completely isolated from the outside world.
01:49If it were not for its powerful fortifications, Vienna would have fallen a long time ago.
01:58The ambitious commander of the Turkish army, Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha,
02:03wants to remain immortalized at the mercy of the conquest of Vienna.
02:07Officer, report.
02:10Kara Mustafa's troops trust the victory.
02:17What is the situation of the troops?
02:19The Turkish artillery is wearing out the Viennese defenses.
02:22Soon the walls will be destroyed.
02:24Soon there will be no stone on stone.
02:31Kara Mustafa has powerful cannons and 200,000 soldiers.
02:37Trust in the sublime flag of the Prophet.
02:41The Turks also place their faith in the banners of the Prophet Muhammad.
02:46Allah will lead them to victory.
02:49Praised be Allah, the Magnificent.
02:54Vienna must be conquered before the end of summer.
02:57Otherwise, the climate will force the Turks to withdraw.
03:08For now, the city walls remain intact.
03:11It takes something more than cannons to capture the golden apple, as the Turks call Vienna.
03:17To take the city, Kara Mustafa orders the use of underground mines.
03:22Yes, Pasha.
03:27Ottoman miners dig tunnels towards the foundations of the walls of Vienna.
03:34They intend to demolish the city defenses with gunpowder barrels.
03:40Massive explosions create the first breach in the walls.
03:44Give the order to attack.
03:47It is time to order the attack.
03:50At the last moment, the defenders are able to protect the breach.
03:56If the Ottomans manage to break through the wall, the city will fall.
04:00Every centimeter is disputed, without truce.
04:10The Janissaries, the troops of the Turkish elite, are very feared.
04:14They were recruited as children.
04:17Born in Christian families in the Balkans, they were forced to convert to Islam.
04:22Now they are the most loyal troops of the Turkish sultans.
04:29But not even they are able to break the defenses.
04:33For almost eight weeks, the Viennese have resisted all attacks.
04:37But they are running out of ammunition and food.
04:41They have suffered enormous losses and are exhausted.
04:50The situation inside the walled city was serious.
04:54The Turks were able to break through the walls.
04:59The situation inside the walled city was serious.
05:03The corpses covered the streets.
05:06There was nothing to eat.
05:09Suffice to say that it was a very difficult situation for the Habsburgs and the whole army.
05:18Vienna has been lost.
05:20Unless a Christian alliance comes to its aid.
05:23Starenberg places his hopes in the emperor, in the alliance, and in God.
05:28Without a doubt, his Christian brothers will not abandon them.
05:33In 1683, two great powers face each other in Vienna.
05:37The Habsburg dynasty of emperors of the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottomans,
05:42whose territories extend across three continents.
05:46But who are these Muslim warriors who instill fear in the heart of Europe?
05:53The Ottomans are members of a Turkish tribe that advanced from Central Asia to the interior of Anatolia in the 13th century.
06:02It was here that these mounted nomads laid the foundations of their future empire through extreme violence.
06:12During their long trip to the West, the ancestors of the Ottomans had adopted the Islamic faith.
06:19But was Osman, the founder of the empire, a true warrior of faith?
06:23Or Mujahid, as it would be later affirmed?
06:28The term Jihad was frequently used.
06:31But something very different played a role as a motivator or as a stimulus for war.
06:37The expansion of the Ottoman Empire itself was not achieved through a holy war.
06:41It was motivated by material interests.
06:45However, Islam would reign in any territory conquered by the Ottomans.
06:50Step by step they expanded their sphere of control and advanced towards Europe.
06:58Since the middle of the 14th century, numerous territories of the Christian Balkars had become under Ottoman influence.
07:04Only one city remained out of reach.
07:10Constantinople, the metropolis of the Bosphorus.
07:14For the Muslims, a promised city.
07:17The Mahomet himself had prophesied.
07:20Constantinople will be conquered.
07:22Blessed be the commander and blessed be his troops.
07:29For more than a thousand years, the emperors of the Byzantine Empire had resisted in the Bosphorus.
07:36The city was the center of Orthodox Christianity since ancient times.
07:45The ruler of Constantinople considered himself emperor for the mercy of God and protector of the only true faith.
07:56Constantinople was famous for its sacred relics, its exquisite works of art and its glorious opulence.
08:04It is said that the Holy Spirit revealed himself through the golden glow.
08:09The wealth of the city was envied by people far beyond its borders.
08:15The Church of the Holy Wisdom, St. Sophia, built in the 6th century, stood out over Constantinople.
08:22Before the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome, it was the largest church of Christianity, one of the wonders of the world.
08:29A visitor in ecstasy wrote...
08:32When anyone enters the church, he immediately understands that this magnificent work was not created by human hands,
08:39but by the very power of God.
08:44Most of Constantinople was great, including its powerful fortifications.
08:50In the middle of the 15th century, they protected the last bastion of Christianity within the sphere of Ottoman power.
08:58In 1453, a new threat occurred.
09:02The new sultan, Mehmed II, launched the conquest of Constantinople.
09:06He desired the city as a symbol of the power of the Byzantine emperors.
09:11Many sultans before him had the same dream.
09:15His predecessors had already made great efforts to conquer Constantinople.
09:21Thanks to modern artillery, now he had the potential to break the walls of the city.
09:29Mehmed deployed the most powerful cannons in the city.
09:32They had been forged by an armorer from Hungary, a Christian.
09:36Now they were at the service of the greatest Muslim power at the time,
09:40in a campaign that aimed to achieve the victory of the only true faith.
09:45Mehmed declares the attack on the city a holy war.
09:50My greatest ambition is to crush the unbelievers.
09:53On April 12, 1453, the Turkish cannons opened fire.
09:58They are powdering the walls, he wrote a horrified defender.
10:03For decades, the Ottomans had the best artillery and ammunition in the world.
10:09Ottoman artillery was much more decisive than the notion of Jihad.
10:14Six weeks later, the battle was won.
10:18From now on, the Ottomans controlled the fate of the city and that of its Christian inhabitants.
10:28Sultan Mehmed takes control of the imperial city of the Christians.
10:34The Ottomans, who had conquered Constantinople,
10:38The Sultan Mehmed takes control of the imperial city of the Christians.
10:45The dream of the sultan had come true.
10:49It went down in history as Mehmed the Conqueror.
10:55Mehmed allowed the city to be looted as a reward to the warriors of Islam.
11:00They had fulfilled their duty in the holy war, according to the Koran.
11:05The Muslim tradition had always required the faithful to participate in Jihad,
11:10The struggle on the path of God.
11:13The term refers to both religious practices and the armed defense of faith.
11:20Until the last days and until the end of the world, there will always be warriors who fight in Jihad.
11:26Those who fight for Allah, whether they live or die in battle, will be rewarded in paradise.
11:35The Ottomans justified their expansion through the concept of Jihad.
11:40The Islamic law allows the victorious soldiers to loot a conquered city if they have refused to surrender.
11:48Long live Sultan Mehmed.
11:51The first objective of the soldiers, the churches of Constantinople with its enormous wealth.
11:57They are no different from the Christian armies of the time.
12:00If a besieged city was defended, its inhabitants were in danger of revenge.
12:06In the hours before the fall of the city, many people sought refuge in the Church of St. Sophia.
12:12They hoped to be safe in this place of worship.
12:22Christ, I beg you, help us.
12:25They ask God for protection against the enemy.
12:28What happened next was recorded by several Christian chroniclers.
12:38Nothing so horrible has happened before.
12:41Nothing so horrible will happen again.
12:50The fall of Constantinople left a deep mark on the history of the city.
12:54The fall of Constantinople left a deep mark on the collective memory of the Christian civilization.
13:12Anyone who gets in their way dies by the sword.
13:16Men and women, regardless of whether they are young or old.
13:19After suffering heavy losses in the battle, the Ottomans took revenge.
13:23After suffering heavy losses in the battle, the Ottomans took revenge.
13:28For three days, the city was at the mercy of the surrounding troops.
13:31For three days, the city was at the mercy of the surrounding troops.
13:45Finally, Sultan Mehmed gave the order to stop the looting.
13:50He did not want Constantinople to be destroyed or depopulated.
13:54It was going to become the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.
13:58It was going to become the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.
14:01In the Ottoman Empire, Christians, Greeks and Armenians were going to have a legitimate place with the Muslims.
14:15According to legend, Mehmed ordered his troops to look for the fallen emperor among the dead.
14:28It is said that he was identified by the golden eagles that adorned his shoes.
14:40Mehmed showed respect to the brave defenders.
14:45The dead Christians were given an appropriate burial.
14:48In the empire of Mehmed, all subjects will be allowed to coexist regardless of their faith.
14:53In the empire of Mehmed, all subjects will be allowed to coexist regardless of their faith.
14:57In the empire of Mehmed, all subjects will be allowed to coexist regardless of their faith.
15:01Although Islam will dominate.
15:04To show that this was now an Islamic Ottoman city,
15:09Mehmed II became the most emblematic monument of the Christian Empire.
15:13The Church of St. Sophia in a mosque.
15:17The Church of St. Sophia in a mosque.
15:22For more than 500 years, the golden crescent has adorned the dome of the Church of St. Sophia.
15:27It is the symbol of a historical milestone.
15:31For many years, it was the most important mosque of the Ottoman Empire.
15:36For many years, it was the most important mosque of the Ottoman Empire.
15:40For more than 500 years, it was the most important mosque of the Ottoman Empire.
15:45In the place where Christians used to look east to pray,
15:50an ornate sign now pointed to the faithful Muslims, the Mecca.
15:54In the place where Christians used to look east to pray, an ornate sign now pointed to the faithful Muslims, the Mecca.
15:58Since 1934, the Church of St. Sophia is a museum.
16:02But it is still the main monument of Istanbul, the old Constantinople.
16:06Mehmed had taken the golden apple.
16:10This Turkish city marked the beginning of a new era.
16:15It was undoubtedly the turning point that made the Ottomans
16:20owners and lords of the Islamic world in the coming centuries.
16:25It had fundamental implications.
16:30After 1453, the Ottomans continued to expand, making raids in Europe.
16:35After 1453, the Ottomans continued to expand, making raids in Europe.
16:38They occupied most of the Balkans, as well as Hungary.
16:43Finally, the greatest Islamic power crossed the borders of the Holy Roman Empire.
16:48Finally, the greatest Islamic power crossed the borders of the Holy Roman Empire.
16:52It was a powerful adversary, although torn by internal struggles.
16:56At the beginning of the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire was shaken by a religious conflict.
17:00At the beginning of the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire was shaken by a religious conflict.
17:04An empire, a faith, a ruler.
17:08That was the vision of Emperor Charles V.
17:12A vision questioned by the teachings of Martin Luther.
17:16A vision questioned by the teachings of Martin Luther.
17:20This rebellious monk was gaining support because of his criticism of the Roman Catholic Church.
17:24This rebellious monk was gaining support because of his criticism of the Roman Catholic Church.
17:28Luther received the order to withdraw his claims in the city of Worms.
17:31Luther received the order to withdraw his claims in the city of Worms.
17:35Luther was accused of heresy.
17:39He had questioned the criteria of the Popes and the authority of the Church.
17:43He had questioned the criteria of the Popes and the authority of the Church.
17:47But Luther had some powerful supporters.
17:51But Luther had some powerful supporters.
17:55He tells the emperor that he refuses to renounce his teachings,
17:58He tells the emperor that he refuses to renounce his teachings,
18:04May God help me.
18:07Amen.
18:09Luther dared to confront the emperor and the Church.
18:13Luther dared to confront the emperor and the Church.
18:17Mainly because Charles V was busy defending the borders of the Holy Roman Empire against the Ottomans.
18:21Mainly because Charles V was busy defending the borders of the Holy Roman Empire against the Ottomans.
18:24Mainly because Charles V was busy defending the borders of the Holy Roman Empire against the Ottomans.
18:28His forces were tied in the southeast.
18:38One of the biggest problems of Charles V was the threat of the Turks, of the Ottoman Empire.
18:42One of the biggest problems of Charles V was the threat of the Turks, of the Ottoman Empire.
18:45There had been constant confrontations since 1520.
18:49It can be said that without the Turks there would have been no reform.
18:53In 1529, the Ottomans dared to attack the metropolis of the Habsburgs for the first time.
18:57In 1529, the Ottomans dared to attack the metropolis of the Habsburgs for the first time.
19:01The conquest of Vienna, one of the main capitals of Christian Europe,
19:05would have had a huge symbolic significance.
19:14In many cities of the empire, the bells of the churches rang daily to warn the people of the Turkish threat.
19:18In many cities of the empire, the bells of the churches rang daily to warn the people of the Turkish threat.
19:23Sermons were pronounced regularly against the Turk, qualified as an antichrist.
19:27Sermons were pronounced regularly against the Turk, qualified as an antichrist.
19:30His wrath does not stop with the elders, nor with the women, nor with the church itself.
19:34His wrath does not stop with the elders, nor with the women, nor with the church itself.
19:37The magnificent Sultan Suleiman was pointed out as the main enemy of the Christian faith.
19:44His troops launched the attack on Vienna in the autumn of 1529.
19:48His troops launched the attack on Vienna in the autumn of 1529.
19:52It seemed to be a matter of time before the city surrendered to the Ottomans.
19:56It seemed to be a matter of time before the city surrendered to the Ottomans.
20:00The people of Vienna prayed for a miracle.
20:04And his prayers seemed to be heard.
20:07It snowed in early October.
20:10The early arrival of winter saved the city.
20:13Suleiman was forced to suspend the siege.
20:17When we read the Ottoman chronicles in Vienna, in 1500,
20:20When we read the Ottoman chronicles in Vienna, in 1500,
20:24it seems as if they had achieved a great victory.
20:27In reality, Suleiman withdrew after three weeks.
20:31But the fear of the Christians against the Turks remained.
20:35Catholics and Protestants joined their complaints about the Turkish danger.
20:40Their pamphlets against the Ottomans were widely distributed thanks to the newly invented printing.
20:45Their pamphlets against the Ottomans were widely distributed thanks to the newly invented printing.
20:49Real and presumptuous crimes were adorned by the so-called printed Turks.
20:54The descriptions of acts of cruelty were sold as threats.
20:59The descriptions of acts of cruelty were sold as threats.
21:02Even Martin Luther claimed against the perceived as Antichrist.
21:06He described the Turks as the enemies of all Christians.
21:10They were servants of the devil who tried to overthrow the kingdom of Christ.
21:15They were servants of the devil who tried to overthrow the kingdom of Christ.
21:18Luther encouraged his compatriots to attack the Turks without remorse.
21:23Luther encouraged his compatriots to attack the Turks without remorse.
21:26The fear was partly justified by the Ottoman offensive to the west.
21:31People saw the Turks as the whip of God, as a just punishment for their sins.
21:36People saw the Turks as the whip of God, as a just punishment for their sins.
21:40But despite their fierce enmity, the Habsburgs and the Ottomans continued to maintain diplomatic relations.
21:45But despite their fierce enmity, the Habsburgs and the Ottomans continued to maintain diplomatic relations.
21:56We have been confronted with the Turks for many years.
22:00The emperor has explained to me how they can be appeased.
22:05The diplomat entered a world much more magnificent than any place in Europe.
22:10He was deeply impressed by the mosque of Soliman, built by the sultan to surpass even St. Sophia.
22:22But the center of power of the Ottomans was the palace of Topkapi.
22:26The pastoral and legendary court of the sultan was admired and envied throughout Europe.
22:31According to the opinion of many contemporary observers, the period between 1450 and 1600, even 1650, constituted the golden age of the Ottoman Empire.
22:51The ambassador of the Habsburgs only received permission to visit the sultan on rare occasions.
22:58On his way to an audience in the palace of Soliman, Busbeck could glimpse his mysterious and carefully protected courtyard.
23:11I had the opportunity to see the harem, the house of the sultan and his family.
23:17The Ottoman women are known for their modesty.
23:20They still keep them hidden from the eyes of foreigners.
23:28Especially the wives of the sultan.
23:31They were closely watched by the eunuchs.
23:34The rulers wanted to make sure that only legitimate heirs were born.
23:45In the Western world, the concept of harem made the imagination fly.
23:50It became synonymous with unbridled sensuality and everything that was forbidden.
23:56In reality, life in the harem was quite ordinary.
24:00But it could also be ruthless.
24:03There was an intense rivalry between the many sons of the sultan.
24:07Only one of them could ascend the throne.
24:10The Ottomans had a tragic tradition of fraternity.
24:14Entire generations of leaders were eliminated.
24:17Could fraternity be reconciled with Islam?
24:21From the Islamic point of view,
24:24both legally and morally,
24:28fraternity cannot be justified.
24:31Murder is terminally prohibited.
24:34The only time there could be an exception
24:37would be in the case of the murder of a tyrant,
24:40when death serves the common good.
24:43But fraternity is essentially an act of murder and has no justification.
24:47Ambassador Busbeck used his waiting time in Istanbul
24:51to study foreign customs.
24:58The priests call to prayer from the top of a tower specially built.
25:06They hate physical impurity more than spiritual impurity.
25:10So they regularly visit the local baths called Hama.
25:14The markets of Constantinople sold exotic goods from all over the world.
25:19The first coffee in the city opened its doors in the life of Busbeck.
25:23In a short time, they became an integral part of the city.
25:27But there were also protests against the new trend.
25:30Religious criticism said that coffee drinkers were consuming a substance
25:34that was not good for the body,
25:37and that it was not good for the soul.
25:39Religious criticism said that coffee drinkers were consuming a substance
25:43that had been unknown to the prophet,
25:46an illegal novelty.
25:49Busbeck also reported on cultural and technical achievements.
25:56The Ottomans continued with the tradition of Arab sciences,
26:00such as medicine and astronomy.
26:03But they also took into account the new European knowledge,
26:06including the notion that the earth is round and not flat.
26:11The discovery of two new continents by the Spaniards and the Portuguese
26:15also aroused their interest.
26:18Religious minorities were not persecuted.
26:21Jews from all over Europe sought refuge within the Ottoman Empire.
26:25A synagogue in Istanbul commemorated their flight by sea.
26:29The pulpit resembles the bow of a ship.
26:33It could be said that the Ottomans were quite tolerant
26:37in their relations with non-Muslims,
26:41at least during that period of time.
26:44Tolerance not in the modern sense of equality of rights,
26:48but in the sense that they were offered legal protection,
26:52which certainly was not always the case in Europe
26:56of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries.
27:00After long negotiations that lasted several years,
27:04Busbeck was finally able to sign a ceasefire with the Ottomans.
27:08His Majesty, the Emperor of Christianity,
27:12sends his imperial greetings to the Sultan.
27:15Busbeck conveyed the greeting of his emperor
27:18and expressed his desire for peace.
27:21The all-powerful Sultan expects the annual tribute.
27:25But in exchange for peace, the Sultan expected to receive tributes.
27:29Busbeck agreed as a gesture of goodwill
27:33and in the spirit of common good.
27:37Emperor Habsburg would pay an annual tribute of 10,000 gold coins.
27:44There was also a note of warning for the Emperor.
27:48Do not provoke the Sultan, the sleeping lion,
27:52since this would translate into a war without a barracks.
27:56Sultan Suleiman, whose territories extended across three continents,
28:01did not intend to take the ambassador of the infidels seriously.
28:08After intense negotiations,
28:11Busbeck had obtained a high-level agreement between the Habsburgs and the Ottomans.
28:15His mission was fulfilled.
28:18Sir, everything is ready for your trip.
28:21But Busbeck's assessment is pessimistic and writes
28:25In the end, one of the sides will prevail and the other will perish.
28:29Never.
28:31For Busbeck, it was a last goodbye.
28:34After eight years in the Ottoman Empire,
28:37the ambassador returned to his country.
28:40For the moment, the Turkish threat had been avoided.
28:45But it was the different Christian faiths that would soon enter into conflict again.
28:50In Catholic Vienna, there were plans to postpone the reform.
28:55The emperor, Ferdinand II,
28:58had the intention to back down
29:01and defeat the Protestants within his empire.
29:05The Catholic devotee wanted to restore the unity of the Church.
29:10But within the fragmented Holy Roman Empire,
29:14the Protestants had become a force to be taken into account.
29:19The emperor, Ferdinand II,
29:21had the intention to restore the unity of the Church.
29:25But within the fragmented Holy Roman Empire,
29:28the Protestants had become a force to be taken into account.
29:35The year 1618 marked the beginning of the last and most cruel
29:39war between the Christian powers.
29:42For 30 years, the center of Europe was transformed into a battlefield.
29:47It was a war for reasons of faith, power and control of the continent.
29:51It was a war for reasons of faith, power and control of the continent.
29:55It was a war for reasons of faith, power and control of the continent.
29:58The war of the 30 years had terrible consequences for Europe.
30:02Entire regions were devastated and depopulated.
30:09Violence, diseases and starvation
30:12caused the death of more than a third of the population of the German-speaking world.
30:17In the end, there was no winner, but many victims.
30:21In the end, there was no winner, but many victims.
30:29In the name of faith, a catastrophe had broken out.
30:33Finally, there was a consensus that religion should never again be the cause of a war between Europeans.
30:42The Treaty of Vesfalia of 1648 put an end to the confessional wars of the Christian world.
30:48The price of peace was the definitive extinction of the Church
30:52and the territorial fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.
30:59But only a generation later,
31:02the Ottoman Turks mobilized again against the weakened Holy Roman Empire.
31:07Due to its strategic position, Vienna was the gateway to Central Europe.
31:13If the city fell into the hands of the Ottomans,
31:16Europe would be open from side to side to the Rhine.
31:21The attackers decide to charge against the city walls
31:25in an attempt to break the defensive lines of Vienna.
31:31Both Christian soldiers and Muslims are convinced that God is on their side.
31:37It is the motivation that encourages them to enter combat.
31:40Starnberg is forced to deploy all his forces to defend the walls of the city.
31:47For Mustafa, he is sure of victory.
31:50The fortress of Vienna is ready for the assault.
31:54He is convinced that Vienna, the apple of gold, will fall in one day.
32:00The city of Starnberg is in danger.
32:03The city of Starnberg is in danger.
32:05He is convinced that Vienna, the apple of gold, will fall in one day.
32:10The apple of gold will be ours tomorrow.
32:13Tomorrow we will take it.
32:17The fortifications of Vienna had been repaired and reinforced after the siege of 1529.
32:23The walls are more solid
32:26and have been stepped and arranged at an angle to resist the artillery of a possible aggressor.
32:30Vienna is protected by a smart system of walls, ditches and bastions.
32:38Built following strict geometric rules,
32:41the city walls in the shape of a star lack blind spots.
32:45The defensive troops can easily shoot the assailants who approach.
32:51There is only one way to overcome the defensive fortifications.
32:55The Ottomans have begun to dig tunnels under the city walls.
33:01They have the intention of depositing gunpowder barrels in underground chambers and make them fly.
33:08The Viennese are aware of the danger.
33:11They establish listening posts in the cellars near the city wall
33:15to find out where the tunnels are being dug.
33:21Working frantically, the defenders dig their own tunnels
33:25to detect the gunpowder chambers of the city walls.
33:28It is a race against time.
33:38Just in time, the Viennese prevent the Ottomans from detonating a huge mine.
33:43The city avoids the catastrophe, by very little.
33:48The danger has not yet been neutralized.
33:51Without the help of the Christian Alliance, Vienna will be lost.
33:54Starenberg sends a messenger to the commander of the Alliance.
33:59It is a last desperate call to the Christian allies of Vienna.
34:04It was undoubtedly a religious war.
34:07The Holy League was there to fight for faith.
34:13The Holy League is an alliance between the Habsburgs and the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire,
34:18who were allies of Poland and Venice.
34:20However, other Christian powers, including France, the Netherlands and England,
34:24do not provide any help.
34:31The Viennese have one last hope.
34:34They have been promised that they will receive the help of an army of reinforcement of the Alliance.
34:38But will it arrive in time?
34:41The messenger from Vienna arrives at the camp of the allies.
34:45Are you the Duke of Lorraine?
34:47Yes, it's me. What do you want?
34:50An urgent message for the general-in-chief of the army.
34:53The Holy League has its headquarters in a hill near Vienna.
34:57They are the only ones who can save the city of the Turks.
35:01The alliance is led by the king of Poland, Jan Sobieski.
35:04In response to a request made by the Pope,
35:07he agrees to support the Habsburgs against the Ottoman threat.
35:11The Count of Starenberg can no longer continue to defend the city.
35:14Sobieski understands the seriousness of the situation.
35:17If the Turks take Vienna, they will enter much more in Europe.
35:21Order to attack the Turks the next day.
35:24What is achieved in Vienna will benefit all Christianity.
35:28Give the signal to Vienna.
35:34The decisive battle is about to begin.
35:37It is described as a struggle between Christians and the Antichrist.
35:40When the Viennese see the signs of fire,
35:43they interpret it as a sign of salvation.
35:46They thank the Virgin Mary and the Emperor.
35:53During a special campaign mass,
35:56the Christian Alliance prepares its troops for the decisive battle.
36:00You have been sanctified to wage a holy war.
36:11The Ottoman warriors also invoke the help of God before entering the battle.
36:16They also receive religious blessings.
36:19Both parties believe that God is on their side.
36:25Time is essential.
36:28Led by the king of Poland,
36:30the alliance attacks the Turkish positions on the hill of Kalemberg,
36:33on the outskirts of Vienna, on the morning of September 12, 1683.
36:38It will go down in history as the Battle of Vienna.
36:43The Viennese are witnesses to how the Polish cavalry
36:46surprises the Turkish army of siege.
36:49The Turks do not expect an attack.
36:52Confident in victory, they have told the emperor in Vienna
36:55that they will crush his country under the armor of his horses.
37:01Certainly, Karamustafa underestimated the strength of the European alliance,
37:05especially its unity and determination to defend the city at all costs.
37:14When the cavalry suddenly appears in the Ottoman camp,
37:18it finds little resistance.
37:20Even the bodyguards of the Grand Vizier are surprised.
37:24They face the attackers, but they cannot avoid defeat.
37:36Everything is lost, Pasha. You must save your life.
37:40When everything seems lost, Karamustafa seeks death in the battlefield.
37:44He who falls like a martyr in a holy war, wins the entrance to paradise.
37:48But without his leadership, the Turkish army will perish.
37:51But you are the soul of the army.
37:53If you run to the hammer, the army will come down.
37:59Let's get out of here.
38:01I will be worthy of Allah's compassion.
38:06Just at the last moment, Karamustafa decides to flee.
38:13The Ottoman army almost avoids total annihilation.
38:17The Grand Vizier escapes with the banner of the Prophet.
38:20Later, he will be executed for having lost the battle.
38:24From the point of view of the winners,
38:27Western civilization has triumphed over the usurpers of the Middle East.
38:32Defeat in Vienna is a turning point.
38:35The Turks lose Hungary.
38:38Gradually, they also lose land in the Middle East.
38:41The Ottoman army is defeated.
38:44The Ottoman army is defeated.
38:47The Ottoman army is defeated.
38:50The Ottoman army is defeated.
38:53The Ottoman army is defeated.
38:56From 1683, the Ottoman Empire lags behind the Europeans.
39:23To be continued...