Cool Facts You Haven’t Heard 100 Times Before

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Hey everyone! Ready to learn some mind-blowing facts you haven’t heard 100 times before? Join us in this video to discover amazing new trivia that will surprise and entertain you. Did you know that your body has superpowers? Or that there are no mosquitoes in Iceland? That’s just a taste of what’s in store. Click to watch and expand your knowledge with these cool facts!  Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/   Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV   Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightside Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en   Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Transcript

00:00:00Ah, they keep coming out of nowhere!

00:00:03Mosquitoes are among the most common insects globally, with over 2,500 species buzzing,

00:00:09annoying, and biting people.

00:00:11It seems like you can't escape their silent presence and their incognito nibbles wherever

00:00:16you go.

00:00:17However, there is one place you can go where you don't have to sleep under a protective

00:00:22net or keep bug spray next to you.

00:00:25Drumroll please…

00:00:27Iceland!

00:00:28This European country is isolated from many other places and is home to some rowdy volcanoes

00:00:34and beautiful landscapes.

00:00:36The best part of it all is that you can enjoy your trip without worrying about those little

00:00:41pests.

00:00:43Scientists have been wondering why there aren't any mosquitoes there, even though the cold

00:00:47isn't a deal-breaker for mosquitoes to thrive.

00:00:50They prefer a wet, humid environment instead of the extreme north and south of the planet.

00:00:56This isn't stopping them from reproducing in cold places – it's just Iceland that

00:01:00mosquitoes aren't particularly fond of.

00:01:04Some scientific theories include the freezing temperatures.

00:01:07Just because mosquitoes can reproduce in Iceland doesn't mean they like it there.

00:01:12Another theory is the chemical composition of the country's soil and water.

00:01:16The little critters can't adapt to it for a breeding ground.

00:01:19The main factor at hand is the temperature and the oceanic climate.

00:01:25Mosquitoes lay their eggs in bodies of water.

00:01:27When the eggs hatch and the larvae emerge, they have to thaw out.

00:01:32This will allow them to repeat the cycle.

00:01:34In Iceland, three major freezes and thaws happen every year.

00:01:39Mosquitoes wouldn't be able to survive through those.

00:01:41You would also expect neighboring territories like Greenland, Great Britain, and Norway

00:01:46to be hostile to mosquitoes, but this isn't the case.

00:01:50Plenty of these buzzards live and thrive there.

00:01:53Once, a mosquito managed to sneak into Iceland on a plane from Greenland.

00:01:57Sadly, or luckily, is for you to decide, it didn't make it due to the conditions.

00:02:04Mosquitoes can travel large distances, but the closest source would be Norway or Scotland,

00:02:09which are too far away for them to fly on their own.

00:02:13Iceland is free from mosquitoes, but it doesn't seem it will be so forever.

00:02:18Scientists have reported 400 new insect species in the past 30 years.

00:02:22It could mean that either the insects are adapting to different climates, or the climates

00:02:27are changing for insects to thrive.

00:02:30Out of the 2,500 species of mosquitoes, more than 30 live in Britain and Scandinavia.

00:02:36It might be only a matter of time before they adapt and populate Iceland.

00:02:41These particular species would be capable of thriving in Iceland, but for now, the locals

00:02:46can enjoy the blissful freedom of smooth skins.

00:02:50Iceland may seem far away, but that's nothing compared to Svalbard.

00:02:54This island is the northernmost populated place in the world.

00:02:58While here, no one talks about mosquitoes as a threat, but you might want to watch out

00:03:03for polar bears.

00:03:04Yep, the biggest carnivores on Earth are the biggest threat to people daily.

00:03:09You can walk around town and see signs that say, watch out for polar bears!

00:03:14The island hardly has 3,000 people living on it.

00:03:18It's composed of more than 50 nationalities, mainly working in mining.

00:03:22You can visit a Thai restaurant in freezing temperatures, or buy some imported goods from

00:03:27a local grocery store.

00:03:29Now, you have to be well-protected whenever you go out.

00:03:32They recommend keeping your car running and unlocked if you step outside for a while.

00:03:37The reason is that if a polar bear pops out of nowhere, you can safely run inside your

00:03:42car to protect yourself.

00:03:44And the polar bears, you know, can't drive.

00:03:47Polar bears aren't the only creatures you'll find on this island.

00:03:51You can find some walruses, foxes, puffins, and penguins there.

00:03:55Sad news, guys, we are outnumbered in this world.

00:03:59Yes, there are almost 8 billion people, but that's nothing compared to ants.

00:04:04They might be small in size, but strong in numbers.

00:04:08As individuals, ants can carry hundreds of times their weight.

00:04:12We don't know the exact number of ants roaming around, but scientists can guess that there

00:04:17are between 10 trillion to 100,000 trillion of them.

00:04:22Unlike mosquitoes, ants are very useful for the environment.

00:04:26They spread seeds and can help get rid of things that harm nature.

00:04:30They build deep tunnels which can house millions of their kind.

00:04:34Every ant belongs to a colony and remains loyal to one.

00:04:37Most often, we see ants marching one by one, scavenging for food outside the colony.

00:04:43They rarely get lost and know exactly who is part of their colony.

00:04:47If they encounter other ants, they won't be too friendly.

00:04:50Instead, ants would rather remain close to their brothers to serve their main purpose

00:04:55and protect their queen.

00:04:57That's what they're born to do.

00:04:59You can find some ants that come in different sizes.

00:05:01The smaller ones usually take care of the queen and the babies.

00:05:05The regular-sized ones are considered to be the worker or scavenger ants.

00:05:09They build tunnels to house the babies and protect the queen as she roams around the

00:05:14tunnel.

00:05:15The larger ants protect the colony from any imposing danger outside, like some large insects

00:05:21or another ant colony that decided to expand their food search.

00:05:26Some ants pack a nasty bite, while some will just invade your picnic.

00:05:30And yes, in case you've been wondering, there are ants all the way in Iceland as well.

00:05:36And there can be ants in your pants as well.

00:05:39Okay if I tell you there's one insect that can survive just about anything, including

00:05:44radiation?

00:05:45The one that can survive anywhere and is a champion at endurance.

00:05:49Can you guess its name?

00:05:51Ladies and gentlemen, I give you…

00:05:53The cockroach.

00:05:55These guys mostly like dark corners and seldom go out in plain sight.

00:06:00They're the super insects that would win gold if there was an insect Olympics.

00:06:04They crawl really fast and occasionally fly.

00:06:08And if you think you can escape from them in the water, then think again.

00:06:12These creepy crawlers can hold their breath submerged in water for 40 minutes, which is

00:06:17longer than what most humans can do.

00:06:19They are one of the many insects that can last for a long time without food.

00:06:24They're cold-blooded, meaning their bodies need external heat to warm up.

00:06:29While they can go for a while foodless, they need water, and can only last about a week

00:06:34without it.

00:06:35That's why roaches like to live in humid or moist locations, like bathrooms, basements,

00:06:41kitchens, or anywhere that has pipes and running water.

00:06:45They're experts in adapting to their environments.

00:06:48If you find one, then most likely there are dozens, if not hundreds more, somewhere nearby.

00:06:54If they're infesting your home, experts recommend finding and getting rid of the source

00:06:58they come from.

00:07:00Throw out the trash regularly, and make sure to clean up everywhere you eat.

00:07:05Make sure no breadcrumbs are scattered for cockroaches or ants to pick up.

00:07:10If you see any holes where the vermin can crawl out, then seal them up immediately.

00:07:15Any entry point can be trouble for you, especially if they're next to watery places.

00:07:20If mosquitoes have around 2,500 different species, cockroaches are in a whole other

00:07:26league with more than 4,000 kinds worldwide.

00:07:30There's so many, and also very, very old.

00:07:33Some fossils suggest the first of their kind were here more than 280 million years ago,

00:07:39unlike me.

00:07:41Throughout history, they survived many major natural disasters and remained on top.

00:07:47They're some of the few creatures that have made it since then.

00:07:50Some places near the Sahara Desert shouldn't only watch out for the heat waves, but also

00:07:55the locust swarms.

00:07:57These creatures can travel for miles across countries and eat up everything along the

00:08:02way.

00:08:03Even though they can jump long distances, they have wings to fly.

00:08:07They usually land on large crop farms and eat everything up, leaving nothing behind.

00:08:13You can mostly find them in Africa, but they can also fly to places in the Middle East

00:08:18and Asia.

00:08:20Desert locust swarms aren't just creepy, they can affect the economy and people's

00:08:24livelihood.

00:08:25Each one can eat its weight in crops and leave devastating aftermath.

00:08:29Hey, compared to that, mosquitoes don't seem so bad now, do they?

00:08:36So you're hungry, but not quite ready to eat a three-course meal just yet?

00:08:40How about some instant noodles instead?

00:08:43Ah, the water's boiled, your tummy's rumbling, but there's a problem.

00:08:48The Styrofoam cup's broken, and the noodles are exposed.

00:08:51Wait, is that a space at the bottom of the cup?

00:08:54Why?

00:08:55That space is for protecting the noodles, it's not the company trying to save money

00:08:59or anything.

00:09:00Notice how the ramen in cups is hardly ever broken, but the one in the packet comes out

00:09:05looking like a mess?

00:09:07This technique is called a middle suspension.

00:09:09The noodles are packed in tightly to stop them from getting crushed in the delivery

00:09:13truck.

00:09:14It's not just about the noodles looking nice and long, it also helps those tasty noodles

00:09:19soften more easily.

00:09:22Breathing breath isn't the best, luckily there's an easy way to get rid of it.

00:09:26Yeah, it would've been easy to think that mouthwash was invented for, you know, watching

00:09:31your mouth.

00:09:32Well, mouthwash was originally invented and sold as a floor cleaner.

00:09:37It was sold to hospitals as an antiseptic for years.

00:09:40It never really took off.

00:09:42Some genius in marketing rebranded it as a mouthwash, and the rest is minty fresh history.

00:09:49So after you've cleaned your teeth, just remember, rebranding can be pretty powerful.

00:09:55It's hard to imagine a world without the Internet these days.

00:09:58No streaming, no online games, or pictures of cute little kitties.

00:10:02Yeah, that's not what it was designed for, but who cares, right?

00:10:06The prototype Internet was called ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

00:10:13This machine was very sensitive.

00:10:15To stop anyone from turning it off, some clever scientist stuck a piece of paper on

00:10:19it with these powerful words.

00:10:21This machine is a server.

00:10:23Do not power it down.

00:10:25It was written in red ink.

00:10:26Hey, nice touch!

00:10:29Having your professor scribbling in the margins of your notebook isn't exactly new.

00:10:33Except that margins weren't designed for that.

00:10:36They're rat protection.

00:10:38Back in the day, rats would nibble on paper all the time.

00:10:42So if you wrote something on the edge of the paper, it ended up inside a hungry rat.

00:10:46A couple of well-placed lines stopped your best answers from getting eaten.

00:10:51Hey, I can't finish this pizza.

00:10:54Time to cover up those leftovers.

00:10:56Luckily, I have plenty of plastic wrap.

00:10:59A little tug, and the roll just jumped out.

00:11:02Prison break!

00:11:04If you look at the wrap's home, the long, thin box, there's a special little feature

00:11:08that can help you.

00:11:09A cardboard tab on each end.

00:11:12Push them in, and the roll's not going anywhere.

00:11:15Strange that I've never seen them before.

00:11:19It's lunchtime.

00:11:20I'm feeling like a California roll today.

00:11:23Seaweed, rice, cucumber, avocado, and crab meat.

00:11:27Or is it?

00:11:28It's actually imitation crab meat.

00:11:31It's basically cheap white fish blended with sugar.

00:11:34The fish mixture is then heated and pressed into shape.

00:11:38Yummy!

00:11:39That's maybe why it's called the hot dog of the sea.

00:11:42Nah, I just made that up.

00:11:45Your microwave has a secret we've all seen, but never paid attention to.

00:11:50That black mesh you see on the door is a Faraday cage.

00:11:54It stops the electromagnetic energy, or the microwaves, from escaping.

00:11:59And cooking you, too.

00:12:00That's how it heats up your food so quickly.

00:12:03Every microwave has to have one, and they all vary in quality.

00:12:07This Faraday cage can even stop signals from your phone.

00:12:11Which I guess is useful.

00:12:12Hey, you don't need your popcorn to stop popping in order to take a call, do you?

00:12:17Airplane mode's a bit easier, though.

00:12:20Ever taken an IQ test and realized you're Einstein-level smart?

00:12:25Me neither.

00:12:26The median IQ is only 100.

00:12:29Plus there's very little evidence that Einstein ever even took the test.

00:12:33In the beginning, most people thought the test was too vague to be helpful in any way.

00:12:38The test was designed for children who needed help with their studies.

00:12:42Later they realized it could be adapted to identify intelligence.

00:12:46But it was never originally designed for that.

00:12:50Never pop bubble wrap, you're missing out!

00:12:53And you guessed it, it was never meant to be popped or used in the way we use it today.

00:12:58It was invented as a new textured wallpaper.

00:13:02By sealing two shower curtains together, they created the first bubbles.

00:13:06The idea never really took off, obviously.

00:13:09After failing as wallpaper, it discovered its true meaning in life – it could protect

00:13:14sensitive items.

00:13:16When the first computers were being shipped, bubble wrap was there to help.

00:13:20Imagine a house with bubble wrap wallpaper in every room.

00:13:24Best or worst thing ever?

00:13:25Leave me a comment below!

00:13:28If you owned one of the biggest companies in the world, selling one of the most known

00:13:32products on the planet, how would you keep your company's secret a secret?

00:13:37The formula for Coca-Cola isn't patented.

00:13:40The first recipe was, but when they made changes, no patent ever went through.

00:13:46The secret formula is still only known by a few people at the company.

00:13:51Not only that, but not even Coca-Cola's rival wants the recipe.

00:13:55In 2006, a disgruntled employee tried to sell off the secret, but it didn't work.

00:14:02Hey, take a look at your brand-new mattress.

00:14:05Do you see the Do Not Remove Under Penalty of Law tag?

00:14:08Wow, that thing looks pretty serious.

00:14:11Good news, though – the tags aren't meant for you – they're aimed at the mattress

00:14:15seller.

00:14:16A hundred years ago, mattress makers used to create the filling with basically anything

00:14:21– animal hair, old hospital beds, or clothing.

00:14:25Then strict laws stopped old hospital beds from being used.

00:14:29Their mattresses were filled with germs.

00:14:32On a rainy day, Play-Doh is something everyone can make at home.

00:14:37Mash up some flour, water, salt, food coloring, and wham!

00:14:41Any creative person is amused for hours.

00:14:44Cheap, clean, non-toxic – the perfect modeling play.

00:14:48But it was never made for that.

00:14:50This stuff was originally for cleaning up walls in the 1930s.

00:14:54That's because people started going crazy for wallpaper, which you couldn't use soap

00:14:58and water on.

00:15:00Eventually, Play-Doh had to find a new home.

00:15:04Have you ever finished a lollipop and noticed a hole in the stick?

00:15:08This hole isn't just for show, or to make a musical instrument with after you're done.

00:15:13It's there to keep that tasty sweet treat from falling off.

00:15:17While the candy's still hot, it's poured into a mold.

00:15:20As it hardens, the candy flows into the hole and creates an anchor.

00:15:25Oh, not into lollipops?

00:15:27How about good old American gummy bears?

00:15:30Unfortunately, they aren't American at all.

00:15:33They're German!

00:15:34A German company started making them in 1922.

00:15:37The original name was Gummy something something.

00:15:41Anyway, they got the inspiration from real dancing bears at live shows.

00:15:46These treats eventually made it all the way around the world.

00:15:49Hey, ever wondered what those little bumps were for on the F and J keys on your keyboard?

00:15:56These little raised ridges are to help your index fingers be in the best possible spot

00:16:01for lightning-fast typing.

00:16:03Keeping those fingers on F and J, it makes it way easier to reach all the keys, especially

00:16:08if you don't look at the keyboard.

00:16:10Now everybody loves a Slinky.

00:16:12If you've ever watched one of them strut down the stairs with groovy music in the background,

00:16:17congrats, you're definitely a YouTube fan!

00:16:21People of all ages loved it when it came out.

00:16:24Which is crazy because it was never meant to be a toy at all.

00:16:27It's a spring!

00:16:29It was originally designed to stabilize sensitive nautical devices on ships.

00:16:34Nothing fun about that at all.

00:16:36Until that amazing day when one of them fell off a table and danced its way into our hearts.

00:16:43After many experiments, the new and improved Slinky was born.

00:16:46Give that team of scientists a medal!

00:16:50Now that little pocket on your jeans wasn't designed for loose change or keys.

00:16:54It was originally made to store your pocket watch.

00:16:58You don't have a pocket watch?

00:16:59How was that possible?

00:17:00They were all the rage in the 1890s.

00:17:04But that's not all that makes your old pair of jeans interesting.

00:17:08Look around the pocket areas, you'll see rivets sticking out.

00:17:12No, they're not some cool fashion idea from the past.

00:17:15These rivets serve a very crucial role.

00:17:18They help protect the sensitive areas of the jeans that get the most wear and tear.

00:17:23Back in the day, most people wore jeans to do hard manual labor, so they needed to be

00:17:28tough.

00:17:29If those guys back then saw you paying $100 for a pair of ripped jeans, they'd probably

00:17:33pass out from shock.

00:17:36Sandwich bread is not entirely real bread.

00:17:39Water can boil and freeze at the same time.

00:17:42Bananas are berries that grow in grass.

00:17:44Believe these or not, but let me ask you, did you know water can be wetter than it is

00:17:48in nature?

00:17:50Find out in this video!

00:17:52Bubble gum is usually pink because the first commercial gum made in 1928 was like that.

00:17:58Pink simply was the only color of the food dye available at the factory.

00:18:02The first chewing gum ever though probably appeared about 9,000 years back.

00:18:07People chewed birch bark tar back then for its medicinal properties, for example, to

00:18:11fight fever.

00:18:13In fact, at different periods, people used to chew on lots of stuff.

00:18:17For instance, the ancient Mayans made gum out of chicle, a substance made from the sapodilla

00:18:22tree sap.

00:18:23They used it to fight hunger and quench thirst.

00:18:26And in North America, people chewed spruce tree resin, a habit which European settlers

00:18:31later picked up and turned into a commercial thing in the 1840s.

00:18:37You can't name a folder C-O-N on any version of Windows.

00:18:41This also applies to some other letter combinations, such as P-R-N, A-U-X, N-U-L, and others.

00:18:49It has to do with the operating system itself.

00:18:51It creates folders to store data in them.

00:18:54And if you create one of your own, using one of these names, it will confuse the system.

00:19:00If you shuffle a deck of cards to get every possible combination, you'll spend billions

00:19:04upon billions upon billions of years just to get a third of the way there.

00:19:10Think about it.

00:19:11There are 52 cards in a regular deck.

00:19:14And the possible number of combinations without repeating is 8 times 10 raised to the power

00:19:19of 67.

00:19:21Even if you shuffled the cards 100 times per second without repeating combinations, it

00:19:25will take you several hundreds of trillions of the times the universe has existed so far.

00:19:32Folding a simple sheet of paper 103 times will get you a stack 93 billion light-years

00:19:37thick, which is more than the size of the observable universe.

00:19:42But if you decide to check this on your own, you won't be able to fold it more than 12

00:19:47times.

00:19:48And that would require a really big sheet of paper too, as in almost a mile long.

00:19:53With a regular printing paper sheet, it would be even less, 7 times.

00:19:59In many supermarkets, you'll see two different bread sections, bread and bakery, and they

00:20:04do have different types of bread in them.

00:20:07The lighter, square, and most often cut in advance variety is called white pan bread,

00:20:12or sandwich bread, while the other is, well, just bread.

00:20:17The difference is that sandwich bread is made specifically to have stuff spread on it.

00:20:22It has a tougher texture, which allows the slice to not fall apart and go all crumbly

00:20:26when you put, say, peanut butter on it.

00:20:29It's also soft enough, letting you bite into your sandwich and not squeeze the contents

00:20:33out of the sides, turning your meal into a mighty mess.

00:20:38Finally, white pan bread lasts longer than regular bread because of the additives in

00:20:42it.

00:20:43They preserve the bread's texture for a week or so in your home, allowing you to enjoy

00:20:47your PB&Js for longer, while the traditional bread variety would likely go stale the next

00:20:53day.

00:20:55There's a state at which water can both be boiling and freezing.

00:20:59It's called a triple point, and it occurs when all three states of a substance, liquid,

00:21:04solid, and vapor, exist at all the same time without messing with each other.

00:21:10For water, the triple point happens just a tiny bit over the freezing temperature and

00:21:14at an atmospheric pressure of 0.006 atmospheres.

00:21:20The blue bird you see on the Twitter logo has an official name.

00:21:24It's Larry the Bird, and the creator of the social network named it after the former NBA

00:21:29basketball player, Larry Bird, from the Boston Celtics.

00:21:34If you've decided to save a few bucks by charging your smartphone less often, let me disappoint

00:21:39you.

00:21:40To charge a cell phone, you use teeny amounts of electricity.

00:21:44That's why the maximum amount of money you can save within a year is less than $1.

00:21:50Jeep is actually an abbreviation.

00:21:52Originally, it was called a GP, or a General Purpose Vehicle.

00:21:57It was only much later that it became a brand we know today.

00:22:02Bananas have a curved shape because they turn towards the sun.

00:22:06They're also not trees, but grass, by the way.

00:22:09The bunches grow downwards.

00:22:11But the fruit itself wants to get towards the sun, so it curves a bit up while it grows.

00:22:18Spandex, a fiber used for making sports clothing, got its name as an anagram of the word expands.

00:22:26If you were to watch every video on YouTube, you'd have to spend 1,000 years on that.

00:22:31And then about 1,000 times more because of all the new videos that would appear by then.

00:22:38You probably know that tomatoes are technically berries.

00:22:41Well, bananas, peppers, watermelons, and eggplants are too.

00:22:46There's a little open jar symbol on every Cosmetics item packaging.

00:22:51It's called PAO, period after opening, and it tells you how long you can safely use the

00:22:56product after opening it.

00:22:58The jar is usually accompanied by a number with the letter M, which stands for months.

00:23:04Just make sure you remember exactly when you opened the package so that you'll know when

00:23:073, 6, 9, or however many months indicated have passed.

00:23:13A phone jack often has several rings on it, each representing different components.

00:23:19One ring is for mono sound, two are for stereo, and the third one means your earphones have

00:23:24a microphone function built in.

00:23:28To know if an egg you boiled is fully cooked, just spin it on the countertop.

00:23:33If the egg spins steadily without immediately falling over, it's done.

00:23:38Instead of using good old water, firefighters extinguish fires with wet water.

00:23:43They add special wetting agents to it, chemicals that reduce the surface tension that regular

00:23:49water has.

00:23:50It helps the substance to soak into objects and spread everywhere much more easily.

00:23:57Your shower curtain sometimes gets a bit too clingy when you get into the shower trying

00:24:01to get clean.

00:24:02According to the shower curtain effect, the hot water lowers the air pressure behind the

00:24:07curtain.

00:24:09The higher, denser pressure outside the shower pushes the curtain in, making you feel like

00:24:14your shower curtain is out to get you.

00:24:16If you take a closer look at the regular garbage bag, you'll probably notice that the seam

00:24:21is inside out.

00:24:23In fact, you're not supposed to shake up the bag to open it.

00:24:26You gotta place the bag over a garbage can like a hat, and then just push the middle

00:24:30of the bag down into the can.

00:24:33This way, the seam will end up where it should be, inside.

00:24:38If you ever had problems with popping chocolates from the box, look at those little holes around

00:24:42them.

00:24:43They're there to help you.

00:24:45If you push a hole right next to the candy, it'll jump out easily.

00:24:49An extra hole at the upper part of the sink has multiple hidden functions.

00:24:53First, in case someone forgets to close the faucet, the water won't overflow, and the

00:24:58bathroom won't get flooded.

00:25:00Second, thanks to that hole, the water drains faster, as it gives an escape for the air,

00:25:05helping the water flow down.

00:25:09Many cups and mugs have little grooves on the bottom, on purpose.

00:25:13They're designed for washing machines.

00:25:15The grooves let the water flow and not spill all over your feet when you take the cup out.

00:25:19Also, those grooves let the air flow, so the cup doesn't crack even if the tea is scalding.

00:25:27Take a closer look at that metal plate at the front of your stapler, known as the anvil.

00:25:32Turn the stapler upside down and rotate the anvil, reversing it.

00:25:36You're basically changing the stapler setting to temporary.

00:25:39In this mode, you can staple the sheets without too much vigor, so they can be easily detached

00:25:44from each other later.

00:25:47There's a tricky anti-rodent disc to make sure no rat is aboard.

00:25:51Rats usually get on a boat via mooring chains, so this disc fits onto them.

00:25:56No rodent can go on a voyage.

00:25:59Jewelry is often sold in small pouches.

00:26:02They actually have a hidden purpose.

00:26:04They help prevent tarnish.

00:26:06Most retailers assure that the ring or whatsoever was sold is safe and secure.

00:26:11In most supermarkets, oranges usually come in mesh bags.

00:26:15Well, those bags don't really have any hidden purpose, but you can turn it into a great

00:26:19scrubbing tool.

00:26:21Just tie it up and see how it works next time you have an extra-greasy frying pan.

00:26:26You don't need to scoop the jam out of a double yogurt container section.

00:26:30This type of plastic is quite flexible, so you just need to fold it in half and pour

00:26:34the jam directly into the yogurt section.

00:26:38The hidden function of a cup plunger is actually that it was meant to be used for sinks.

00:26:42Yeah, it works for toilets too, but you can keep an extra one to unclog the sink in case

00:26:47you need it.

00:26:49An extra hole at the upper part of the sink has multiple hidden functions.

00:26:53First, in case someone forgets to close the tap, the water won't overflow and the bathroom

00:26:58won't get flooded.

00:26:59Second, thanks to that hole, the water drains faster as it gives an escape for the air helping

00:27:05the water flow down.

00:27:07Most metallic zippers have a hidden lock inside them to save them from awkward situations

00:27:12such as an undone fly.

00:27:14Don't leave the zipper handle in an upward position.

00:27:17When you pull it downwards, it automatically locks.

00:27:20It's all thanks to those tiny grooves hidden underneath the handle.

00:27:24Bath foam isn't only for fun or a nice smell.

00:27:27It also helps regulate the temperature.

00:27:29The bubbles keep the water hot, so you can enjoy a bath a bit longer.

00:27:33Anyway, it works for acrylic bathtubs only.

00:27:36Those made of metal lose heat really fast either way.

00:27:40Escalator brushes aren't for keeping your shoes clean and polished.

00:27:43It might be tough to apply wax right on that brush while the escalator's moving.

00:27:48As for our safety, brushes won't let you come close to the edge, so a long coat or

00:27:52boot cut jeans won't end up in between the steps.

00:27:56Originally, golf balls were smooth.

00:27:59They have a dimpled surface now because players noticed that overused balls with damages flew

00:28:04better than brand new ones.

00:28:06At some point, manufacturers started producing balls with dimples.

00:28:11If you take a box of aluminum foil, you'll see tabs you can press on the side.

00:28:16They keep the foil straight and prevent it from rolling.

00:28:19It's also easier to tear off some amount of foil thanks to those tabs.

00:28:23Jerry cans have three handles for a reason.

00:28:26It's a smart designer move, so when you carry it alone, you use only the central handle

00:28:31to distribute the weight evenly.

00:28:33But your friend wants to help you out.

00:28:34Each of you grabs the side handle.

00:28:37Two flat prongs you can see on standard plugs used in North and Central America make sense.

00:28:42But how about those holes near the tips?

00:28:45Thanks to them, the outlet firmly grips the plug so that it won't loosen or fall out

00:28:49of the socket.

00:28:50It's sometimes irritating when you haven't used the entire stick of deodorant.

00:28:54There's a little bit more left, but it's hard to reach it.

00:28:58Okay, the trick is easy.

00:28:59Unscrew the bottom, take a pencil and force it underneath that moving platform.

00:29:04That way, you'll push what's left of the deodorant out.

00:29:08There's a number put on the side of many cosmetic products.

00:29:12It isn't picked randomly.

00:29:13It tells you how long your product will last after you've opened it.

00:29:17This is why it has an open jar for a graphic symbol.

00:29:20A lint roller is good at removing those tiny fibers, but you can also use it to clean other

00:29:24stuff.

00:29:25For example, when you want to remove the dirt from the utensil tray in your dishwasher,

00:29:30simply take your sticky lint roller and put it into each compartment, and all the crumbs,

00:29:34dirt, and leftovers are all gone.

00:29:37Rings depicted on playing cards are real historical characters.

00:29:41Spades, King David, Clubs, Alexander the Great, Hearts, Charles the Great, Diamonds, Julius

00:29:48Caesar.

00:29:50Rings used to be more than a stylish accessory.

00:29:53The nobility used rings as a seal.

00:29:55Archers wore rings to protect their fingers from bowstring injuries, while needlewomen

00:30:00from needle pricks.

00:30:02Detachable headrests in cars are all about safety.

00:30:06If you pull it out of a seat, you'll see two pretty sturdy bars.

00:30:09If you ever get locked or trapped in a car, you can get out of there smashing the window

00:30:13with these bars.

00:30:16A little arrow next to the refueling indicator on the car's dashboard indicates which side

00:30:20of the vehicle has fuel tank openings.

00:30:23It's useful when you need to refuel a rented car.

00:30:26You are probably using shampoo wrong all the time.

00:30:29Well, the main thing you should know is that you don't apply it directly on your hair.

00:30:34You gotta apply it onto the roots only.

00:30:36The foam that you make is enough to clean your hair.

00:30:39A button on the reverse side of a shirt collar is needed to hold a tie in place.

00:30:44Anyway, this button was designed for slim ties that are not that popular today, so this

00:30:49button is only an element of design.

00:30:52A cotton pads pack has those strings on it to hang it on some hook or holder.

00:30:56There's no need to untighten and tighten the pack again.

00:30:59Look at the bottom.

00:31:00It has a perforated line.

00:31:02Stir along it and just pull out a cotton pad from a hanging pack.

00:31:07It's a myth that the red side of the eraser is for pencil and the blue one is for ink.

00:31:12The blue gets rid of mistakes on thicker types of paper only.

00:31:15It works both for pencil and even ink, but make sure the paper is really thick.

00:31:20But that blue little thing can do so much more.

00:31:23It can polish your jewelry, clean your electronics, for example, the screen of your cell phone.

00:31:28You know those irritating sticker residues that won't peel off?

00:31:31The eraser helps there, too, same as with cleaning scuffed-up suede or dirt you have

00:31:35on your walls.

00:31:36There's no need to tear one of its edges on stick sachets.

00:31:40The right way is to tear them down the middle.

00:31:42You say it's not a big difference, but at least there's less mess with those torn

00:31:45paper bits.

00:31:47A small V-patch at the bottom of the collar helps put on the sweater without losing any

00:31:51shape over time because it's made of a double layer of webbing material, just like

00:31:56waistbands and cuffs.

00:31:58To avoid spilling juice right onto your T-shirt, try pouring it from the other side of the

00:32:03carton.

00:32:04This way, it sloshes less and it's easier to control.

00:32:08To enjoy fresh and soft peanut butter, store it upside down.

00:32:12This way, the oils won't stay on the bottom all the time and distribute evenly in the

00:32:16jar.

00:32:17Yeah, you've heard before that a drawer beneath your oven is there for keeping the

00:32:21food warm if the guests are running late.

00:32:23Hey, you can also slow cook on lower temperatures in that drawer.

00:32:27Automatic lip liners and eye pencils sometimes have a sharpener installed in the package.

00:32:33The lid on the back part of the pencil doesn't only reveal the color.

00:32:37You can pull it out and sharpen up the product.

00:32:40Grocery cart loops help organize all the stuff in your cart better so you can enjoy your

00:32:44supermarket trip.

00:32:46You don't want to put your brand new fancy white jacket in a cart next to carrots and

00:32:50onions, huh?

00:32:51Fruit stickers know everything about your apple's past.

00:32:55A five-digit number where the first number is nine is a good sign.

00:32:59It's an organic product.

00:33:01A four-digit number starting with a three or four means it was conventionally farmed.

00:33:06If the number starts with an eight and there are five digits, it's best to leave it on

00:33:10the shelf.

00:33:11Metal buttons on jeans, also known as rivets, help make the pockets more durable when miners

00:33:16would fill them with heavy tools.

00:33:19They're still helpful today.

00:33:20Even if you don't store anything heavy in your pockets, rivets strengthen the seams

00:33:24and make your jeans last longer.

00:33:27All Tic Tac containers are designed to dispense one Tic Tac every time you open it.

00:33:32The lid has the same shape as the candy.

00:33:34Turn the container upside down, gently shake it, and slowly open it.

00:33:38You'll notice only one candy stuck between those lid grooves.

00:33:42So if you just open the container and shake it until five or even more candies fall into

00:33:46your mouth, it means you've been eating Tic Tacs wrong all this time.

00:33:52There are all sorts of amazing things you can do with products already lying around

00:33:56the house that were meant for other things.

00:33:59We'll explore some of those, plus everyday items that have other purposes you may not

00:34:05be aware of.

00:34:06I'm also in a silly mood, so hey, let's have some fun!

00:34:11Many pairs of kitchen scissors today have a serrated opening where the handles and blades

00:34:16meet.

00:34:17You can use this as an herb stripper to de-stem difficult herbs like thyme, rosemary, and

00:34:23chives.

00:34:24Saves you a lot of time trying to pick the leaves off by hand.

00:34:27And if you're short of a vase, you could present roses to your significant other this

00:34:32way.

00:34:33Just be careful when you're pointing the sharp end.

00:34:36The metal tab on soda cans can be flipped around.

00:34:40You can slip a straw in place so you don't have to hold it up to your mouth.

00:34:44This stay-on tab replaced the pull-ring tab created in the early 60s.

00:34:48You remember those, don't you?

00:34:51Those could be quite sharp and easily discarded where they could be a menace for others.

00:34:56Now you can pop your straw straight into one.

00:34:59Also means you can produce some bubbles and make a mess!

00:35:04Sometimes when you purchase an article of clothing, you receive a plastic baggie with

00:35:08an extra button and a swash of fabric.

00:35:12While the fabric is clearly used to patch holes, it can also be used to test the effects

00:35:17of various cleaners on certain surfaces.

00:35:20It's handy too to test wash cycles before using them to wash the whole garment.

00:35:26And if you want to clean your nose with it, that suggestion never came from me.

00:35:31You can use a screwdriver for leverage if you're having trouble lifting or moving

00:35:35something.

00:35:37Some also have a hexagonal shape handle that fits inside a wrench or spanner.

00:35:42You can use it to improve torque and, again, for leverage.

00:35:45A little easier on your hands.

00:35:47Some of us aren't that strong.

00:35:49Or maybe that's just me.

00:35:52Rubber bands are great for many things, but if you have a bottle that's hard to open,

00:35:57you can wrap the band around it for a better grip.

00:36:01Escalators have those fluffy black brushes for a similar reason that some have yellow

00:36:06lines on their steps.

00:36:08To try and deter people from getting too close to dangerous places.

00:36:12People don't always take notice, and sometimes clothing can drape close to a point where

00:36:17the step meets the edge or skirt.

00:36:19The brush is a little barrier to help prevent this from happening.

00:36:23They can also catch bits of fluff and prevent other small things from falling down into

00:36:28the gaps.

00:36:30Your average pair of jeans has several features that are both functional and somewhat sentimental.

00:36:37The metal rivets around the pockets help secure the stress points.

00:36:41This ensures they last a bit longer than average, though not all jeans have them.

00:36:47Many still have a tiny pocket directly above the main pocket.

00:36:51This was originally meant to hold a pocket watch.

00:36:54Even though pocket watches are mostly a thing of the past, many people still use this space

00:36:59to store coins, rings, or even a portable USB.

00:37:05This may seem a little obvious, but if you've ever wondered what all the notches are in

00:37:10a car tire, it's for traction on the road.

00:37:13However, there are also a good indicator if your tire is getting too worn down.

00:37:19If those notches aren't so deep anymore and are almost flush with the road, it's

00:37:24time to replace them.

00:37:25If you don't, the next time you try to stop suddenly at a stop sign, you might be

00:37:30surprised to find your car has turned into a giant roller skate.

00:37:35Those takeaway containers most associated with Chinese restaurants are designed to not

00:37:40only carry your food home, but to store them in the fridge.

00:37:45They double as a plate as you can eat straight out of them and don't have to worry about

00:37:49dirty dishes.

00:37:52They were actually patented way back in 1894 to transport freshly shucked oysters and were

00:37:58known as oyster pails.

00:38:00They were later adapted to use as leak-proof containers for food.

00:38:06While you're sitting on an airplane and looking out the window, you may have noticed

00:38:10those little holes, or in some instances, a small singular opening near the bottom.

00:38:15This is called a breather hole, and no, it's not for you.

00:38:19It's designed to equalize the difference in air pressure which builds up between the

00:38:23pressurized cabin and the atmosphere outside, especially during high altitudes.

00:38:30It also releases moisture from between the panes to avoid frost from forming on the windows

00:38:35and obstructing that all-important view.

00:38:38Sorry, but it looks like you won't be drawing a smiley face on it any time soon.

00:38:44This was first introduced way back in 1956 by a company in Japan.

00:38:49Pretty cool, huh?

00:38:50They got their inspiration from snap-off rows on chocolate bars.

00:38:54Just don't get the two mixed up.

00:38:57One doesn't taste good.

00:38:59When it comes to measuring tape, almost every reel has an empty slot in the metallic end.

00:39:05This is called a nail grab, so you can attach it to a nail or screw.

00:39:10A handy trick to do measurements without requiring someone else to hold it in place.

00:39:16Very nifty.

00:39:18Bobby pins have grooves on one side to hold your hair in place better.

00:39:23Crazy notion, huh?

00:39:24The straight side goes face up while the grooves go down against your head.

00:39:29They're called bobby pins because of the bobbed hairstyle which was popular in the

00:39:341920s, though the pins were invented in the 19th century.

00:39:38The look is gone, but the pins remain.

00:39:42Please take them out before you wash your hair as they don't look great stuck to your

00:39:46fingers.

00:39:48If you've been in a car or a bus and noticed the textured black dots baked into the black

00:39:53edges, you've probably worked out that it's not there for its pretty looks.

00:39:58It's called frit, a ceramic paint.

00:40:01Its main purpose is to protect the window from ultraviolet rays.

00:40:05It also creates a rough surface for the adhesive to cling to.

00:40:10If you see a pink lump of adhesive in the corner, please do not touch it.

00:40:15It's actually someone's old bubble gum.

00:40:19If you take a look at the bottom of the lock, chances are you'll see one or two little

00:40:24holes.

00:40:25This is to let water out from the inside that may have been trapped due to rain.

00:40:29This mini-draining capability prevents the inner working from rusting over or freezing

00:40:35in place if the weather's very cold.

00:40:38If in another situation the lock becomes stuck, you can ease an oil-based product inside to

00:40:44lubricate the lock and get it working again.

00:40:49If you've lost the key and want to ease your frustrations, you can yell into the holes.

00:40:54It won't do anything to unlock it, but it may help you feel a little better.

00:40:59Some dress shirts have a fabric loop on the back.

00:41:03You guessed it, it's used for hanging the shirt up.

00:41:06The loops were reportedly first used in the Navy, as it was easy to simply hang them on

00:41:11the wall.

00:41:13During the 1960s in colleges, the fashion of the day was to wear the shirt buttoned

00:41:18all the way to the top, which made them difficult to hang.

00:41:21So designers began putting the loop on the back.

00:41:25If the student removed the loop, it signified that they were going steady in a relationship.

00:41:30Unless your friend ripped one off for a prank, now everyone's asking whom you're with.

00:41:36There's a little more to this story, but we haven't got time to hang around.

00:41:41And yes, that's a bad pun.

00:41:43On purpose.

00:41:44It's what I do.

00:41:47Ever wondered why coins have those little ridges along the edge?

00:41:51It's a leftover from earlier times when they were worth more.

00:41:54Counterfeiters could easily file the edges off to sell as gold or silver coins to make

00:42:00some profit.

00:42:01The ridges were created so it was much easier to tell which of the coins had been altered.

00:42:06It's not needed today, but the coins still have that altered style.

00:42:11If you ever get really bored, you could try counting how many ridges there are.

00:42:15Okay, I know it's kind of cold to the touch, especially on a freezing winter's day.

00:42:20But did you know that brass doorknobs actually serve a purpose apart from looking classy

00:42:23and shiny?

00:42:24Since it's a copper alloy, brass has antimicrobial properties.

00:42:29That means it can help get rid of harmful germs and bacteria, sometimes in up to 2 hours.

00:42:34In high-traffic areas, that's all the more useful.

00:42:37But since brass is much costlier than other metals like nickel and steel, you barely see

00:42:42these types of doorknobs anymore nowadays.

00:42:45Speaking of lovely multi-purpose items, most screwdrivers have a tiny little secret of

00:42:49their own.

00:42:50They can sometimes be slid through a wrench so that they can be used to create more torque

00:42:54when twisting.

00:42:56Not to mention the uses when it comes to bolts in hard-to-reach places.

00:43:00There's a reason why buttons on women's shirts are for the left-handed, and it has nothing

00:43:05to do with fashion.

00:43:06This practice dates back to the times when chambermaids were helping ladies dress themselves,

00:43:11and it was easier for them to perform their job with this orientation.

00:43:16Having the buttons placed as such indicated a sign of wealth, so it's easy to imagine

00:43:20why the practice carried on, even though most people dress themselves nowadays.

00:43:26Next time you receive a package in your mail, take a look at your box cutter.

00:43:30If it features some diagonal lines on the blade, you're in for a little design perk.

00:43:34Turns out that these are blades that snap off.

00:43:38Continuously cutting cardboard can dull the sharp edge of the blade.

00:43:41To help prevent the need to buy a brand new box cutter, the top segment along the next

00:43:45line can be broken off to reach a new sharp edge.

00:43:49To do this, check out the small hole at the base of the tool, sometimes called the blade

00:43:53snapper.

00:43:55The people that first came up with this brilliant invention were engineers inspired by the way

00:43:59chocolate bars are segmented.

00:44:01Hold on a minute, don't throw away the cardboard package just yet.

00:44:05Most likely, you'll have some silica gel packets somewhere at the bottom of the box.

00:44:09Since this gel is basically a drawing tool, it gathers up the moisture out of its environment,

00:44:14so you can store these packets for further occasions.

00:44:17Whether you'll need to dry out your phone or some other electrical object, you can place

00:44:21them in a container next to the silica gel to reduce the damage.

00:44:26You don't have to be a mechanic to know when a standard car tire needs replacing, since

00:44:30they come equipped with a neat indicator.

00:44:32Take a closer look, and you'll see that treads within the tire are a bunch of rubber notches.

00:44:38When the treads are evened out with the perpendicular bars, it's a sign you need to book an appointment

00:44:43with your local car service.

00:44:45It's most likely the tires have lost most of their traction, and may not be safe for

00:44:49driving any longer.

00:44:51The upper corners of a car windshield feature textured black dots melted into the glass

00:44:56edges.

00:44:57This neat add-on isn't there for design purposes.

00:45:00It's called Frit Glazing, which means that a special type of ceramic paint is added to

00:45:06the window for protecting its sealant from UV rays.

00:45:10It also conceals and creates a coarser surface for the adhesive used to set the window in

00:45:15place.

00:45:16Whenever you're up for a drive, check out if there's a small tab under your car's rear

00:45:21view mirror.

00:45:22Bet you didn't know it's there to help switch the mirror from daytime to nighttime views.

00:45:28It uses a prismatic glass technology to blur the reflection and reduce the glare of headlights

00:45:33behind you in traffic.

00:45:36People came up with these manually tilted mirrors in the 1930s, but they became standard

00:45:40somewhere in the 1970s.

00:45:43While you're in the car, check out the headrests, as you most likely don't know that they carry

00:45:48a little disguised purpose.

00:45:50Of course, they're adjustable to accommodate passengers of any height so that they get

00:45:54the proper support for their heads and necks.

00:45:56The hidden feature is that they are detachable and come with two very solid metal bars.

00:46:02Should you ever find yourself stuck in a car and need to make a fast getaway, these bars

00:46:07come in handy to crack out the car windows.

00:46:10So you're out for a drive and you're suddenly out of gas.

00:46:14What I'm about to describe sounds more like a meme than an actual situation bound to happen.

00:46:19But what if you're in such a hurry that you accidentally drive off with the gas nozzle

00:46:23still in the tank?

00:46:24Well, the nozzles have been designed to prevent any hazards from happening, rest assured.

00:46:30They feature a breakaway device that will allow the hose to separate when taken out

00:46:34with enough force.

00:46:36Initially designed in the early 20th century to be worn exclusively by basketball players,

00:46:42sneakers soon became one of those fashion fundamentals similar to jeans and leather

00:46:46jackets.

00:46:47If you take a closer look at them, you'll see they have two extra holes on the side,

00:46:51similar to the shoelace holes.

00:46:53They're manufactured as such not only to provide extra ventilation but to allow people to get

00:46:58extra creative with their laces when wearing the shoes.

00:47:01Admit it, you've always thought that chopsticks are merged at the end for the sole purpose

00:47:05of keeping them together until you're ready to dig into your meal.

00:47:09That may or may not be the whole truth.

00:47:12Under a more detailed inspection, the wooden tools feature a square-shaped end.

00:47:17Chopsticks manufactured like this date back to an old Japanese traditional design, which

00:47:22can help with breaking the ends easily.

00:47:24The separated end can then be used as a resting block for the chopsticks to keep it more sanitized

00:47:30in hopes it can be used again, since they won't be touching the table or any other

00:47:34surface.

00:47:35Women's bikes have a special design which, surprisingly, has a historical and fashionable

00:47:41purpose.

00:47:42The lower frame is for the most part meant to make up for the generally shorter height

00:47:46of ladies, compared to that of the average gentleman.

00:47:49While that is the case for handlebars and saddles, the overall frame is lower for an

00:47:54additional purpose.

00:47:55Way back when women wore long skirts and dresses all day, every day they needed to make sure

00:48:00their outfits wouldn't get caught in the frame.

00:48:03That's how we came up with a lower-framed bicycle, perfectly made for women and their

00:48:07needs at the time.

00:48:10The fact that toothpastes are multi-colored is not just a nice perk to make dental hygiene

00:48:15more fun.

00:48:16There's a secret meaning related to each of the colors, which dates back to the 1970s.

00:48:21In those days, people grew more and more interested in their oral health care, and

00:48:26as such, they were looking for products which could do more than merely clean their teeth.

00:48:31One company was the pioneer in that regard, adding mouthwash to its toothpaste, meaning

00:48:36the blue strip.

00:48:38They later added on the red strip, meant to feature ingredients which helped with gum

00:48:42care.

00:48:43Speaking of toothpaste, check the cap next time you open a new tube, you may be in for

00:48:48a little surprise.

00:48:50There's a pointed cone shape inside the cap, so you can puncture the seal of the toothpaste

00:48:54without cutting yourself or ruining your manicure.

00:48:57Not to mention, it's more hygienic since you won't be able to transfer germs or other

00:49:01bacteria into the product itself.

00:49:04On the subject of bathroom countertop items, toothbrushes come with a neat add-on hidden

00:49:09in the bristle patterns.

00:49:11Apart from making the toothbrush look cooler, they also do come with a practical purpose.

00:49:17Most toothbrushes come with a pattern of blue bristles intertwined with white ones.

00:49:21The blue dye is meant to fade out, signaling the time when you need to replace your toothbrush.

00:49:27Dentists say that toothbrushes should be replaced every three to four months, but it does serve

00:49:32as a great reminder in case you forget.

00:49:34Still love playing with Lego?

00:49:36Don't judge, hey, it's a great hobby for all ages.

00:49:39Notice there's a hole on top of the Lego heads?

00:49:42Behold, you're looking at a safety feature that the people at Lego designed to prevent

00:49:47choking hazards.

00:49:48The most dangerous issue should a person swallow any of these pieces is the blocking of the

00:49:53airways.

00:49:54Designing a hole inside the Lego head helps the air to flow freely through the piece until

00:49:59it can be removed safely.

00:50:02We're now used to all sorts of modern light bulbs, some tubular, some shaped like diamonds,

00:50:07and some even twisted all together.

00:50:10Historically, light bulbs were round and the initial shape served a purpose in itself.

00:50:15It was mainly connected to the fact that glass bulbs were hand-blown, which gave them the

00:50:19round shape to begin with.

00:50:22The hidden practical reason was that the light bulb filament needed to be at the same distance

00:50:26from every surface of the glass sphere.

00:50:28The easiest way to achieve this was to make the glass in the shape of a globe.

00:50:34Go shopping for some oranges and I'm sure you'll get them in a red mesh bag.

00:50:38You'll rarely see them lying around without one of those.

00:50:41It's pure marketing.

00:50:42And that color isn't a random choice.

00:50:44When packed in a red mesh bag, oranges appear more orange, fresher, and more appealing to

00:50:50you.

00:50:51So you're more likely to buy them, right?

00:50:56Lemons are usually sold in green mesh bags for a similar reason.

00:50:59If you pack them in red, they'll appear more orange.

00:51:02Green goes better with yellow and makes those lemons stand out.

00:51:08You open a bag of chips and find it half empty, or half full if you're an optimist.

00:51:13Frustrating, I know.

00:51:14But I figured it's not because the manufacturer wants to get more cash out of you.

00:51:19The extra air helps to protect your chips from any damage.

00:51:22If the bags were filled to the brim, you'd get chip dust instead of chips after their

00:51:26transportation.

00:51:29A raspberry-flavored ice pop is typically blue, not pink, or red, which both would be

00:51:34more obvious color choices.

00:51:37Well, imagine you're making a pack of popsicles.

00:51:41You can pick green for apple flavor, pineapple or lemon is yellow.

00:51:45There's strawberry, so it should be red.

00:51:47Cherry, well, red again.

00:51:50Watermelon?

00:51:51Red.

00:51:52And now raspberry.

00:51:53Yeah, red.

00:51:57Four reds are definitely way too many, and people won't tell the difference between them

00:52:01easily.

00:52:02So, at first, both strawberry and cherry flavors were red, but of different shades.

00:52:07The watermelon one was pink.

00:52:09They made the raspberry ones of a deep dark red dye.

00:52:12Then, scientists proved that that dye might be dangerous, so it was banned.

00:52:19Blue was another free color option, but there's no blue fruit or berry except for blueberry.

00:52:25And it's not a very popular flavor, so manufacturers started to paint raspberry blue.

00:52:30Sometimes, they call it blue raspberry.

00:52:32But it's just a lab thing that doesn't naturally exist.

00:52:38If you buy a clock or see a picture of it, it'll most likely show 1010 by default.

00:52:43The only reason behind it is that it just looks nice.

00:52:46You can see both hands, and they don't overlap.

00:52:49Also, it's symmetrical and nice, and it frames the 12.

00:52:53And finally, it makes a smiling shape that gives off a positive vibe.

00:53:00Mattresses usually have those decorative stitching patterns on them.

00:53:03Mattress manufacturers make a limited number of different mattresses, and the only way

00:53:07to make them look different is to come up with a fancy stitching pattern.

00:53:13Two mattresses of different companies might be the exact same quality but cost differently.

00:53:19Most people will never know it and will decide that different patterns mean something in

00:53:23terms of quality.

00:53:25So when shopping, don't mind the pattern at all.

00:53:30Cheese has holes.

00:53:32In most types, they're small, but they can also be huge.

00:53:35Cheese is made by adding bacteria to milk, and the holes are the result of it.

00:53:40Those bacteria consume lactic acid and release little gas bubbles.

00:53:45They're trapped in the cheese, and then they pop, forming those little holes.

00:53:51The size of holes depends on the production temperature and its acidity.

00:53:54Swiss cheese has extra-large holes.

00:53:57It's made at a temperature of around 120 degrees Fahrenheit and incubated at 70 degrees Fahrenheit

00:54:04for 5 to 7 days.

00:54:06So the cheese is very soft, and the bubbles grow especially big.

00:54:12All coins have ridges, but have you ever wondered why?

00:54:15At first, all coins were linked to a silver standard.

00:54:19The amount of silver used in a coin was proportionate to the value of the coin.

00:54:25So a $1 coin had way more actual silver in it than, say, a quarter.

00:54:30The edges were made reeded for security reasons.

00:54:33Once, it was a coin element that made a coin harder to reciprocate.

00:54:39It also prevented another kind of fraud.

00:54:42People would shave off a bit of metal from the edges of coins.

00:54:45It would be just a little so that no one would notice the difference.

00:54:49If you did it to many coins, you'd get enough precious metals to sell.

00:54:55Reeded edges made it impossible.

00:54:57If someone tried to shave them off, the ridge would become smooth, and it'd be obvious to

00:55:01anyone that a coin had been tampered with.

00:55:06Nickels and pennies didn't have them because they were made of inexpensive metals.

00:55:10So there was no sense in protecting them.

00:55:14Now no one makes coins out of silver, but the ridges are still there.

00:55:18When the governments started to produce new coins, they didn't see a point in changing

00:55:23the coin-making equipment.

00:55:25And they just kept the reeded edges.

00:55:29If you ever played billiards, you must know that green table well.

00:55:33The game originated around the 14th century, five centuries before basketball.

00:55:38Back then, folks didn't have pool tables, of course.

00:55:42Instead, they were playing it outside on the green lawn.

00:55:46Later, people moved the game indoors so they could play it even when it was raining.

00:55:51And they kept the nostalgic green to give it some lawn vibes.

00:55:57Medical workers usually wear a uniform that is a shade of blue or green.

00:56:01There's a reason for it.

00:56:03Before the 20th century, they were wearing their regular clothes, even when performing

00:56:07surgery.

00:56:10With the development of medicine, people started to pay more attention to matters of sterileness.

00:56:15So they started to wear a uniform, and at first, it was white to signify purity.

00:56:22The problem was that some stains were very hard to wash off from the white uniform.

00:56:26The color white would become greenish.

00:56:28So it made sense to make the uniform green or blue.

00:56:32Besides, surgeons mostly focus on red colors during work.

00:56:37Blue and green are exactly the opposite side of the spectrum.

00:56:40So if everything else is greenish blue, the red becomes even more distinctive.

00:56:47Wash your hands with plain white soap, and you'll see some white foam.

00:56:51Wash them with a blue, red, yellow, green, whatever color, and the foam is still white.

00:56:57The reason for it is scattered light.

00:57:00Any light rays that falls on an object either get absorbed or are reflected back.

00:57:07Things that absorb all colors appear black.

00:57:10Those that reflect all colors are white.

00:57:13A red bar of soap is red because only the red color reflects back, and the other colors

00:57:18are absorbed.

00:57:21But once you produce some foam, it's made of many little bubbles.

00:57:25Each of them scatters light in different directions, so it looks white.

00:57:31Do you see something when you rub your eyes?

00:57:33These colors and shapes are called phosphenes.

00:57:36The reason why you see them is that when you're rubbing, you increase the pressure in the

00:57:40eyeball and activate the neurons of the retina that process visual information.

00:57:45Once they're activated, your brain interprets it as if you see the light, and it tries to

00:57:50actually see it.

00:57:54Ever wondered why you have black circles around your eyes when you're tired?

00:57:57The skin under the eyes is very thin, so the blood vessels are very close to the surface,

00:58:03and you can see any difference easily.

00:58:07When you lack sleep, your skin gets paler, and the blood vessels are even more visible.

00:58:12So, you can see those dark circles showing through the skin.

00:58:16Also, with age, your skin naturally gets thinner, so that's why older people tend to have

00:58:20dark circles.

00:58:22But if you're young, try to get more sleep, and they'll be gone.

00:58:28You say Germany, the Spanish say Alemania, and the Germans say Deutschland, and it sounds

00:58:33like three different countries, but it's just one.

00:58:36If someone's name is Olivia, she will be more or less of Olivia everywhere.

00:58:41So why do countries have different names in different languages?

00:58:47Countries have existed for a long time.

00:58:49Back when people from different countries couldn't communicate and spoke different languages,

00:58:53they'd refer to some territory the way they referred to it, never agreeing with other

00:58:58countries, and the name stuck.

00:59:02A German tribe called Alemany once lived in what's now Switzerland.

00:59:07So I guess that's why the Spanish started to call the land Alemania.

00:59:11Then the Germans were united and called themselves Deutschland.

00:59:16In English, the pronoun I is always capitalized.

00:59:20Even the linguists don't know for sure why it's so.

00:59:23At least yet.

00:59:24I comes from the German isch, during the time it evolved from isch to ich and later to I.

00:59:33Some theorized that a little I appeared to be too insignificant in a sentence, standing

00:59:38on its own.

00:59:39So it started to be capitalized to be more distinctive.

00:59:45If you've ever seen a behind-the-scenes video, you might have noticed that they click that

00:59:49clapperboard before each scene.

00:59:51This clap helps a lot at the stage of editing.

00:59:54The film and the audio are recorded separately, and when they're synchronized, the clapperboard

00:59:59makes that brief clap at the very beginning of a shot scene.

01:00:05And it's easier to find where the scene starts to add the audio.

01:00:08Another reason is to give more details on the filmed piece.

01:00:12They add information about the scene and take number.

01:00:14The filming date, the camera angle, and other important stuff to the clapperboard that makes

01:00:19it easier to go through hundreds of video pieces later.

01:00:22Well, I hate to break this to you, but money isn't actually made of paper, which also proves

01:00:28that money doesn't actually grow on trees.

01:00:31Most banknotes are 25% linen and 75% cotton, which is why they have such a distinct look

01:00:37and feel.

01:00:38Back in the 19th century, money was made of parchment paper.

01:00:42That's why people could very easily counterfeit it, unlike now.

01:00:46The Eiffel Tower is almost 6 inches taller during the summer.

01:00:49When you heat up some substance, its particles start to move more actively and take up a

01:00:54bigger volume.

01:00:55That's something they call thermal expansion.

01:00:57When the temperature lowers, the substance contracts again.

01:01:01Such an effect is more prominent in gases, but you can also track it in liquids and solids,

01:01:06including iron.

01:01:08Because of this, people build large structures like bridges using expansion joints.

01:01:13They allow a structure some leeway to expand and contract.

01:01:17And such changes don't cause any damage.

01:01:19Wow, I have some pants like that!

01:01:21Now honey can last for thousands of years without going bad.

01:01:26Bees land on flowers to collect sugary nectar.

01:01:29Then they transport it back to their hive and transfer it to other worker bees.

01:01:33These bees reduce the water content of the nectar by repeatedly drinking and regurgitating

01:01:38the liquid.

01:01:39Mmm, bee barf!

01:01:41Special enzymes in their stomachs break down the glucose in the nectar, and it becomes

01:01:45more acidic.

01:01:47Bees deposit this nectar in the honeycomb and start fanning it with their wings so that

01:01:51the water evaporates more quickly.

01:01:54The honey is now highly acidic and low in water content, which keeps it safe from spoiling.

01:01:59The bacteria that can cause the rest of the food to go off can't survive in such conditions.

01:02:05Now a long time ago, people didn't elevate their mattresses off the floor.

01:02:09This practice started in ancient Egypt and continued in many other cultures.

01:02:14People realized it was cold on the floor, and they could warm their beds easier if they

01:02:18were off the ground.

01:02:20Houses used to be more drafty.

01:02:22Cold air came in from under the doors.

01:02:24There was no central heating, so people had to find other ways to stay warm.

01:02:29Warm air tends to rise, and if you're positioned higher, you won't be as cold as on the floor.

01:02:34Also this way, people could keep their beds clean more easily.

01:02:38In simple homes, floors used to be way dirtier than today, and all that dirt usually migrated

01:02:43into beds.

01:02:45Continuing now to talk dirty, do you think people are naturally clean and tidy?

01:02:50After all, our ancestors, who lived thousands of years ago, already used latrines and were

01:02:55tidying their hair with combs.

01:02:57And they kept their homes and themselves clean.

01:03:00Our natural need for hygiene and cleanliness is driven by our sense of disgust.

01:03:05That's the very mechanism that helps our bodies stay safe and protects them from different

01:03:09infections.

01:03:10That's why we're more sensitive to certain smells and things.

01:03:14But we still have some pretty sloppy habits.

01:03:17For example, eating snacks over a keyboard.

01:03:20I certainly never do that.

01:03:22But there are animals that are even neater than us humans.

01:03:25For example, rattlesnakes like to keep their surroundings tidy.

01:03:29Some of them even use their muscular necks and triangular heads to sweep aside messy

01:03:34grass when they hunt.

01:03:36Many animals like to clear their path when going after their future meal.

01:03:40Reptiles too.

01:03:41Less vegetation increases their chances of catching food.

01:03:45Songbirds also prefer to keep it neat and get rid of uneaten food, eggshells, and other

01:03:50trash in their nests.

01:03:52This way, they also make their homes less visible to their enemies.

01:03:55Meanwhile, out in space, shadows are darker on the Moon than on our planet.

01:04:01That's because the atmosphere on Earth scatters more sunlight.

01:04:04But if you could visit the Moon, you'd observe shadows so dark you wouldn't be able to see

01:04:09where you were going.

01:04:10Also, you'd notice fresh footprints on the lunar surface.

01:04:14People haven't set foot there in a few decades, but the footprints look as if they were left

01:04:19just yesterday.

01:04:20Since there's no water or wind on the Moon, nothing can erase these footprints, so they

01:04:25stay there in their original form for millions of years.

01:04:29So be careful where you step, huh?

01:04:32Earth's core contains enough gold to coat the entire planet.

01:04:36And if you decided to do this, the level of this precious metal would be knee-high.

01:04:41For thousands of years, people have been mining gold and platinum, together with a bunch of

01:04:45other precious metals, from underneath our planet's surface.

01:04:49That's why we have depleted some of the minerals in certain areas.

01:04:53But Earth still has a huge number of such deposits, especially if you get closer to

01:04:57its core.

01:04:59That's because of countless meteorites that collided with our planet during the period

01:05:03of its formation.

01:05:04Those meteorites contained different minerals, including gold.

01:05:08Back then, Earth was still in its molten state, which is why most of the gold, a heavy element,

01:05:13sank deep into its core.

01:05:15And the silicate mantle positioned over the core trapped really huge amounts of gold and

01:05:20some other minerals.

01:05:22Unfortunately, most of them are kind of out of reach now, since we talk about 1,800 miles

01:05:27below the surface and temperatures of thousands of degrees.

01:05:30Too hot, in other words.

01:05:32Sure, if you were about to go into space, one of the first things you'd think of would

01:05:37be your spacesuit.

01:05:39But do you know that it's possible to survive in space even if you aren't wearing any protection?

01:05:44Well, don't get your hopes up yet.

01:05:46You'd last for no more than 15 seconds.

01:05:49That's how long it would take you to lose consciousness because oxygen will stop coming

01:05:53to your brain.

01:05:54In 1965, one technician accidentally depressurized his suit inside a vacuum chamber.

01:06:01He lost consciousness after 12 to 15 seconds.

01:06:0427 seconds later, his suit luckily got repressurized.

01:06:09The man later said that he remembered the moisture on his tongue started to boil.

01:06:13He also lost his sense of taste, and it didn't come back until 4 days after the accident.

01:06:18Now, you can't hold your breath in space either, so that won't save you.

01:06:23Your lungs will rupture at one point because the air inside will expand.

01:06:27The oxygen in other parts of your body will start to expand too, which means you will

01:06:32balloon up to twice your regular size, almost like Dudley Dursley's Aunt Marge from Harry

01:06:37Potter.

01:06:38Well, not quite.

01:06:40You won't explode, only thanks to your elastic skin.

01:06:43It will keep holding you together.

01:06:45And the liquids in your body will start vaporizing pretty quickly too.

01:06:48Doesn't that sound pleasant?

01:06:50No!

01:06:51The ocean has its iconic blue color thanks to sunlight.

01:06:55When the sun shines, the water absorbs longer orange and red wavelengths of light and reflects

01:07:00shorter blue light waves.

01:07:02This is only possible when there's a huge amount of water.

01:07:05So the more water you have in one place, the bluer it becomes.

01:07:10That's why the water you pour in your glass has nothing in common with this beautiful

01:07:14ocean blue color.

01:07:16The ocean performs many important functions.

01:07:19For one thing, it produces 50-80% of all the oxygen on our planet, which means it keeps

01:07:24us alive.

01:07:26But it also helps the Internet to function.

01:07:28So when you're laughing at a funny dog video or binge-watching your favorite series, yep,

01:07:34thank the ocean for that.

01:07:35The majority of the cables that power the Internet, and therefore allow people from

01:07:40all over the world to use it, run underwater.

01:07:43Those are submarine communications cables.

01:07:46Miles and miles of wiring criss-crossing the ocean floor.

01:07:50There are special homes for putting all that in place.

01:07:53They're designed specifically for that purpose.

01:07:56To make sure nothing damages the cables and your Internet, people need to put them on

01:08:01relatively flat stretches of the ocean floor.

01:08:04The cables also need to be away from old shipwrecks or large ocean ecosystems.

01:08:09Some of these cables have a special coating that protects them from damage.

01:08:13This way, no hungry sharks or curious fish have a chance to munch on the wiring.

01:08:19Now trees talk.

01:08:20Well, not exactly like people do, but they have their own way of communication.

01:08:25Their roots are connected through an underground network of fungi.

01:08:29That network got its name of the Wood Wide Web.

01:08:33Thanks to this network, trees can share resources with one another.

01:08:37That's how they talk.

01:08:38They use these fungi to transmit nutrients and water from one tree to another.

01:08:43For example, there's a mother tree or another tree that's stronger and older than others

01:08:48in the forest.

01:08:49So, it shares some of its nutrients and sugars with small trees growing nearby.

01:08:54Thanks mom!

01:08:55Now look at all these insects flying around on a nice sunny day.

01:08:59Do you think they get sunburned?

01:09:01Well, those that spend most of their time in the open don't.

01:09:05They have dark exoskeletons that contain melanin.

01:09:08That's how they block UV rays.

01:09:10But insects that live underground and in the water, or nocturnal creatures, have paler

01:09:15and thinner skin.

01:09:17If they spend too much time outside during the day, they can indeed get sunburned or

01:09:21even worse, they could get eaten.

01:09:24Apples, you usually grab in the supermarket, seem super fresh.

01:09:28But they can be up to a year old.

01:09:31It's all about how they're stored.

01:09:33First they're covered with wax, next the wax is dried with hot air, and finally, the apples

01:09:38go into cold storage.

01:09:40Sloths are better at breath-holding than dolphins.

01:09:43Those lazy buddies can slow their heart rate and hold their breath this way for up to 40

01:09:49minutes.

01:09:50If they watched any breathtaking series, they'd literally breathe once per episode.

01:09:55If you look at any old photograph, you'll see that people didn't have those big smiles

01:10:00we love to have in the photos today.

01:10:02First, photographers preferred to keep things serious, so instead of cheese, people would

01:10:07say prunes to keep their lips tight.

01:10:10Another thing.

01:10:11Earth is not the only planet with water.

01:10:14Scientists from NASA strongly believe one of Jupiter's moons, Europa, has an ocean

01:10:19with twice as much water as we have on our planet.

01:10:22It's hidden under a thick layer of ice.

01:10:24Even Mars has some liquid water flowing.

01:10:28Cicadas are some of the biggest flying insects you can find out there.

01:10:31Most species are not that impressive, only about 1-2 inches long.

01:10:35Only.

01:10:36But the largest one, known as the Empress cicada, has a body length of about 3 inches.

01:10:42In comparison, its wingspan reaches a whopping 8 inches.

01:10:46That's a really big bug.

01:10:48Not all goats peacefully munch on meadow grass.

01:10:51Some of them prefer climbing trees for food.

01:10:54But Moroccan goats – a natural phenomenon unique to North Africa.

01:10:58The thing is, they're way more attracted to argan tree fruits than to regular grass.

01:11:03That's quite understandable – those fruits look just like golden apples.

01:11:08These goats are quite agile, so they easily climb up the trees to get the juicy treats.

01:11:13And they rarely need help from their nanny.

01:11:15There's a creature that can technically live forever.

01:11:19You see, there's a species of jellyfish, known as Turseberva d'Orla, or however you

01:11:25pronounce their name on the screen.

01:11:27Those guys have a superpower of respawning, so whenever they get any sort of physical

01:11:32damage or something, those jellyfish reset themselves back to the polyp stage and start

01:11:37all over again.

01:11:39Now let's test you.

01:11:41Are there more trees on Earth or stars in the Milky Way?

01:11:44If your answer is stars, sorry, you're wrong.

01:11:48According to scientists' estimations, there are up to 100 billion stars in our galaxy

01:11:53and about 3 trillion trees on Earth.

01:11:55Now that's impressive.

01:11:58Pluto still hasn't made a complete orbit since it was discovered, and now imagine that

01:12:02it was found back in 1930.

01:12:05It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make a full orbit around the Sun.

01:12:11By the way, Mercury is the fastest.

01:12:13It takes only about 88 days for this planet to make a full trip.

01:12:17However, Pluto will complete its first full orbit since its discovery in 2178.

01:12:23I can't wait!

01:12:24One more fun fact about planets.

01:12:27The dwarf planet Haumea has a very peculiar shape.

01:12:30It looks exactly like a potato.

01:12:33It's about the same size as Pluto and has rings similar to those Saturn has.

01:12:38If you ever want to find it, it's located beyond the orbit of Neptune.

01:12:42Nachos aren't some ancient Mexican food.

01:12:44They were invented less than 100 years ago.

01:12:47Ignacio Aña, nicknamed Nacho, is said to have created this dish in the 1940s.

01:12:53There's a nice story behind nachos.

01:12:55A regular customer got really hungry and asked if Ignacio could bring her and her three friends

01:13:00something different that day.

01:13:02He saw how hungry the ladies were and decided to cook something quick for them.

01:13:06He had to improvise using available ingredients, so he put some tortillas, grated loads of

01:13:11cheese on top of them, and heated the dish from above.

01:13:15To make the dish more savory, he added some jalapeno peppers on top.

01:13:19Mamie Finan, that very regular customer, asked what the name of the unusual snack was.

01:13:25Ignacio didn't think long and said the name was Nacho Special.

01:13:30Oranges aren't necessarily orange.

01:13:32If grown in subtropical regions, the climate isn't cold enough to break down the chlorophyll,

01:13:37so the fruit peel stays yellow or greenish.

01:13:40Orange oranges usually get treated with ethylene gas that can help turn the oranges orange.

01:13:46Orange you impressed with that?

01:13:47Okay, it's time for a little riddle for you.

01:13:50What's common between peanut butter and an engagement ring?

01:13:54Both of them contain diamonds!

01:13:57Scientists have learned how to turn peanut butter into diamonds.

01:14:00They extracted the oxygen from CO2, they got the carbon, and then put it under intense

01:14:05pressure, and in the end, they got diamonds.

01:14:08And a jiff, I suppose.

01:14:11Pufferfish, also known as blowfish, are famous for two things – it's clumsy, and it can

01:14:16literally turn into a sort of a balloon.

01:14:19Blowing themselves up helps them survive in the wild – they are inedible when swollen.

01:14:24Well, they're not entirely inedible even when they're deflated.

01:14:28Their poison is over a thousand times more toxic than cyanide.

01:14:31Don't count on antidotes, they just don't exist.

01:14:34Or probably, we need more time to find one.

01:14:38Not only can people become knights, but penguins can do that too.

01:14:42There's one living in Edinburgh, and it was granted knighthood back in 2008.

01:14:46Meet Nils Olof III, the mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian Kings Guard.

01:14:53So, what size of shoes do you wear?

01:14:55I bet it's way smaller than the size the Statue of Liberty wears.

01:14:59No statue needs shoes, but if the Statue of Liberty wanted to grab a pair of new sneakers,

01:15:05she'd need to look for size 879.

01:15:08No surprise here – she's 151 feet tall.

01:15:12These are our muscles that can cause goosebumps.

01:15:15These tiny fan-shaped muscles are called erector pili, and we have them at the base of every

01:15:21hair follicle.

01:15:22Whenever it's cold, they get contracted, which makes our hairs literally stand up,

01:15:28creating goosebumps.

01:15:29You may think you're not an athlete, but if you've ironed your clothes in very uncomfortable

01:15:34locations at least once, you already are.

01:15:37Sort of.

01:15:39Extreme ironing is an extreme sport where people take ironing boards to very unexpected

01:15:43places, such as forests, canoes, or mountains, and iron the clothes there.

01:15:48Some do that even on the top of bronze statues or underwater.

01:15:52And yeah, there are even official championships.

01:15:55Haven't these people heard of permanent press?

01:15:58Rap battles aren't something that appeared recently.

01:16:01In medieval England, there was something called flighting, which was very much like

01:16:05contemporary rap battles.

01:16:07It was quite popular in the 15th and 16th centuries when two opponents mocked each other

01:16:12in an improvised battle.

01:16:15Tongue map says we have different parts for different tastes.

01:16:18Well, not really.

01:16:20There are individual taste buds that sense certain flavors more than they do with some

01:16:23others, but it doesn't mean one area can taste sweet better than the other.

01:16:28Studies show that all mouth areas have taste buds sensitive to all tastes.

01:16:34Chameleons don't change colors because they want to match their surroundings.

01:16:37That would probably be a very tiring thing to do.

01:16:40In reality, some other things, like mood, temperature, or the amount of light they get,

01:16:45affect their color.

01:16:47When chameleons relax and stretch cells, crystals that are inside of them are affected by the

01:16:52light.

01:16:53These reptiles use crystals to communicate with each other.

01:16:56So, for example, darker shades show that they're not in such a good mood.

01:17:00It's more like they feel kinda grumpy.

01:17:02Ah, beware the grumpy chameleon!

01:17:06Turkeys can blush just like people do.

01:17:08It works the same way.

01:17:10They blush when angry, excited, or even feel bad.

01:17:13You can see the skin on their necks and heads turn red.

01:17:17Opossums don't really sleep while hanging by their tails.

01:17:20You see that in cartoons and some photos, but in general, they don't.

01:17:24Their tails are strong, so these animals can grip branches and hold their weight, but only

01:17:29for shorter periods.

01:17:30Adults are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long, so they wouldn't get

01:17:34too much rest.

01:17:35So, I could say, hanging by their tail overnight is sort of impossum-ble.

01:17:42From our Fruit-That-Bites-Back department, bromelain is a powerful protein-digesting

01:17:48enzyme made to break down protein cells.

01:17:51It's mostly concentrated in the core of the pineapple or close to it.

01:17:55This stuff is even used as a meat tenderizer these days.

01:18:00But once you've swallowed that mouthful of pineapple, your stomach's acid will break

01:18:04down the bromelain fast.

01:18:06If the burning sensation is too much for you, then there's a way to get rid of it.

01:18:11Cooking alters the enzymes in any food, so sticking your pineapple on the grill will

01:18:16stop it from hurting you altogether.

01:18:19The tissue in our mouth heals faster than any other part of our body, thanks to the

01:18:23increased blood flow to our face as well.

01:18:27In other news, donkey milk makes the world's rarest and most expensive cheese.

01:18:32To create payoul cheese, the donkeys have to be hand-milked 3 times a day.

01:18:37It takes over 6 gallons of milk to produce just 2 pounds of crumbly white cheese.

01:18:42It costs about $600 a pound.

01:18:45This cheese is remarkably high in protein, calcium, and omega-3, and it's an excellent

01:18:50alternative for people with cow's milk intolerance.

01:18:53But $600 a pound?

01:18:56The admittance rate for Harvard is 4.7% of applicants out of 100.

01:19:01Walmart is a bit harder at only 2.6%.

01:19:06When things get hot, they move quickly, while the opposite applies to cold.

01:19:10If any atoms stop vibrating, they're at absolute zero.

01:19:14A freezing cold of 459.67°F or 0°K. It's almost impossible to get to this temperature

01:19:21though.

01:19:23Not even space is that cold.

01:19:25It holds an average temperature of 2.7 K or about minus 455°F.

01:19:32A group of flamingos is called a flamboyance, or a regiment, or even a colony.

01:19:37A flamboyance matches those birds the best, huh?

01:19:40Hey, I like pink!

01:19:44Among giant flocks of thousands, they fly to water bodies all over the world.

01:19:48They have to stick to different food in different places, so their colors change quite a bit,

01:19:53depending on whether they eat algae, shrimps, or insects.

01:19:57Humans and emperor penguins are the only warm-blooded animals to stay in Antarctica during winter.

01:20:03We can wear coats though.

01:20:05The penguins are stuck in formal wear.

01:20:08Emperor penguins form large huddles.

01:20:10To share body warmth and provide protection, they form a huddle that's constantly moving.

01:20:15This way, any of them can get a turn in the middle.

01:20:18Clouds look white because they're reflecting sunlight off the water droplets.

01:20:22When they're thin, a large portion of the light passes through, making the cloud appear

01:20:27white.

01:20:28As the amount of water increases, so does the thickness.

01:20:31We see this as gray.

01:20:34The coque d'amur, or sea coconut, produces the world's largest and heaviest seeds.

01:20:40A single seed can be 12 inches long, 3 feet around, and weigh over 40 pounds.

01:20:47Rabbits may be cute and cuddly, but in Brisbane, Australia, it's illegal to keep one as a pet.

01:20:53You can keep them only for approved purposes, such as public entertainment, like a magician.

01:21:00The Kármán line is the general international consensus for the start of space.

01:21:05It's at 62 miles, or 328,000 feet above sea level.

01:21:11The human brain is made up of 60% fat.

01:21:14This makes it the fattest organ in the human body.

01:21:17Gray matter makes up about 40% of the brain's weight and contains 100 billion signal-transmitting

01:21:23neurons.

01:21:25Moving on, in Utah's Fish Lake National Forest lies the pando.

01:21:30It's better known as the Trembling Giant.

01:21:32Over 47,000 quaking aspen trees share the same root system.

01:21:37They've been there for so long that they're estimated to be close to a million years old.

01:21:43A margarita pizza has tomato, mozzarella, and basil on top to represent the colors of

01:21:48the Italian national flag.

01:21:50A delicious random fact.

01:21:54Ever sneezed because of a cat?

01:21:56Humans can be allergic to humans too, because cells shedding from our skin and hair, though

01:22:01it's rare.

01:22:02Also, it might be because of the smells we cover ourselves in every day, like deodorants

01:22:07and perfumes.

01:22:08The world's largest sandcastle, measuring 57 feet 11 inches high, was created in Germany

01:22:14on June 5, 2019 by Sculptura Projects.

01:22:19It took 3 and a half weeks and a staff of 20 to make the sandcastle out of 11,000 tons

01:22:24of sand and water.

01:22:28Antarctica's largest native land animal is a wingless midgefly called Belchica antarctica

01:22:34at only half an inch long.

01:22:36Now wait, wait, wait.

01:22:37Every other animal in Antarctica is considered a marine animal.

01:22:42Seals and penguins spend most of their time in the ocean looking for food.

01:22:46Antarctica is also the only place on Earth where there are no native ants.

01:22:52Paul Sherman is the world's largest tree.

01:22:55Located in California, the giant sequoia is over 2,000 years old and is taller than the

01:23:00Statue of Liberty.

01:23:02There's a city called Boring in Oregon that has sister cities called Dull in Scotland

01:23:07and Bland in New South Wales, Australia.

01:23:11Polar bear fur isn't white at all, it's transparent and hollow, and their skin is black.

01:23:16Their coat camouflages so well that it can sometimes pass as a snowdrift or snow dune

01:23:21in Arctic environments.

01:23:23A thick layer of body fat keeps them warm while swimming, and a double-layered coat

01:23:28keeps them warm from the cold air.

01:23:31Now it's always drawn and shown this way, but our Sun isn't yellow, orange, or even

01:23:36red.

01:23:37It's a mixture of all the colors together.

01:23:39If we could look at it, it would appear white.

01:23:42The core of our Sun reaches an estimated 27 million degrees Fahrenheit.

01:23:48But we've made it hotter on Earth.

01:23:50Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories produced in their lab scorching hot 3.6 billion

01:23:56degrees Fahrenheit with some superheated gas.

01:24:00Back in 1930, there was a day without news.

01:24:03On April 18, the BBC radio station in London reported there was no news at the 8.45 p.m.

01:24:10time slot.

01:24:11For the rest of the 15-minute segment, they played some relaxing piano music.

01:24:16Ah, I think we should bring that back sometimes, don't you?

01:24:21Humans seem to be the only animals who really get a kick out of eating spicy food.

01:24:25Sure, there are benefits from eating the chilies themselves, like antioxidants, faster metabolism,

01:24:30and vitamin C. But we can get all that from other vegetables.

01:24:35There doesn't seem to be any real reason to put ourselves through those hot peppers.

01:24:43Get equipped for any season with brand-new Bright Side merch!

01:24:46Click the link and grab your print!

01:24:49The majority of bananas consumed around the world are from the Cavendish hybrid.

01:24:54They've got no seeds and are able to reproduce with the aid of farmers.

01:24:59The farmers remove and transplant part of the stem, helping to keep our favorite yellow

01:25:03fruit going.

01:25:04This makes nearly every single one of these bananas genetically identical.

01:25:10Hot water will freeze quicker than cold water.

01:25:12It's called the Mpemba effect.

01:25:14If you put an open container with hot water into a freezer, the water will keep evaporating

01:25:19from steam.

01:25:20Less water means less to freeze.

01:25:23When you eat carrots, your skin could turn orange!

01:25:27Carrots are packed with beta-carotene, a natural orange pigment.

01:25:31Too much of this pigment can change how you look a bit, especially in body areas with

01:25:35thicker skin, like your palms, soles, knees, and elbows.

01:25:40The ocean is blue because water absorbs the majority of red colors in the light spectrum.

01:25:45So there are only all the shades of blue left for us to see.

01:25:49Still, under certain conditions, it can change colors completely.

01:25:53It might turn green, brown, red, pink, and orange as light bounces off the particles

01:25:58in the water or sunrises and sunsets.

01:26:02The majority of the ocean is entirely dark.

01:26:05Hardly any light can penetrate the depths of the oceans.

01:26:09If a zombie invasion ever happens, don't worry.

01:26:11There's a special center in the U.S. with a real website with checklists of necessary

01:26:16items, blogs, a graphic novel to show you how serious it is, and even a poster to show

01:26:22you're ready.

01:26:23And if the zombie turns up with a pineapple, then you're in real trouble.

01:26:30The largest desert in the world isn't the Sahara.

01:26:32It's covered with snow.

01:26:34The Antarctic Polar Desert covers the continent of Antarctica and is the size of about 5.5

01:26:40million square miles.

01:26:42That's one and a half times the size of the United States.

01:26:46A desert isn't measured by temperature or sand.

01:26:48It's defined as a place that receives less than 10 inches of rainfall each year.

01:26:54A giraffe's neck is about 6 feet long, while a human's neck is just 4 inches on average.

01:27:00But we share one thing in common.

01:27:01We both have only 7 bones in our necks.

01:27:05The major difference is, their bones are about 10 inches long.

01:27:08In 2015, the University of South Australia created a bike that stretched for over 155

01:27:14feet.

01:27:16The bike had to be wider than average to stop it from tipping over because of the length,

01:27:20but a brave group of cyclists did manage to ride the bike nearly 330 feet.

01:27:26It's not an oversized tongue that sticks out of a clamshell.

01:27:29It's their foot they're using to move around.

01:27:32It's also quite strong, giving them the ability to dig deep down into the sand and mud for

01:27:37protection.

01:27:39There's a fruit in Central and South America named black sapote.

01:27:42It tastes and looks like chocolate pudding.

01:27:46The longest game of cricket lasted over 12 days between England and South Africa in 1939.

01:27:53It ended without a winner because the English team had to catch their boat home.

01:27:59The first trailer in a movie theater was shown in 1912, but for a Broadway show, not

01:28:04a movie.

01:28:06The trailers were originally played after the movie because they trailed it.

01:28:11Eventually, they started appearing at the beginning as viewers would instantly leave

01:28:15the theater once the movie had finished.

01:28:17Hey, it's over, bye bye!

01:28:19It's breakfast, and you crack open a hard-boiled egg.

01:28:22You find that it's green.

01:28:24Looks disgusting.

01:28:25Well, it looks like you cooked it for too long.

01:28:29This happened because of the thin sulfur layer in the whites and iron in the yolk.

01:28:33Though the mixture of these chemicals is black, it's such a thin layer mixed into the yellow

01:28:37yolk that it turns green.

01:28:40But don't fear, these strange green eggs, they're completely safe to eat.

01:28:45While sitting for a photo, it would be weird to say anything other than cheese to get that

01:28:50perfect smile.

01:28:51But in the 19th century, it was different.

01:28:54Photographers would ask their subjects to say prune instead.

01:28:58The reason was to obtain that thin, duck-like expression.

01:29:01It was considered a prim, improper way to present a photograph.

01:29:06Strawberries aren't even considered a berry, and are more of a false fruit, further identified

01:29:11as multiple fruit.

01:29:13What we believe is that the tiny little brown or white things are seeds, but they're actually

01:29:18individual fruits attached to its flesh.

01:29:21But how did this mistake start in the first place?

01:29:24Well, the confusion began hundreds of years ago, when it was first named.

01:29:29However, this was a long time before botanists were even around to help clarify this mistake.

01:29:35Sci-fi films are often inspired by real-life space exploration, but there is one thing

01:29:40that NASA implemented after watching a sci-fi movie.

01:29:44A 1929 flick, Woman in the Moon, introduced a countdown that built up anticipation.

01:29:50NASA found this helpful and started using it in 1969.

01:29:54Not only is it an exciting moment, but it does also have a practical use.

01:29:59It helps the massive team behind each launch ensure they're synchronized perfectly down

01:30:03to the last second.

01:30:05This one might change your appetite the next time you see a juicy apple.

01:30:10Usually picked around August to November, the shiny supermarket apples are covered in

01:30:14hot wax, then hot air dried and sent into cold storage.

01:30:19Before they arrive at the supermarket looking fresh, they've been in storage for anywhere

01:30:23between 6 to 12 months.

01:30:26I bet you can't do this.

01:30:28Try and hum while closing your nose.

01:30:31No noise came out, right?

01:30:33Without an exit for air, it's physically impossible to make any noise.

01:30:38The world's largest national park in Greenland covers a staggering 375,000 square miles.

01:30:45That's twice the size of California.

01:30:48But although it's huge, there are only up to 40 permanent residents in this massive

01:30:52area, making it one of the most isolated places on Earth.

01:30:57Issues with bad breath?

01:30:58Gum is the typical choice, but other things are just as effective.

01:31:02Cucumber is a great natural solution, and a more efficient one.

01:31:06Working similarly to gum, it helps stimulate saliva production, but what makes it different

01:31:10from other odor-defeaters is its water content.

01:31:14Washing away any unwanted pieces of food still remaining also helps to avoid a dry mouth,

01:31:19which causes odors.

01:31:21You would think that Z would be the last letter put into the alphabet, but it was actually

01:31:26J.

01:31:27Long ago in 1524, an Italian grammarian wanted to identify a way to separate I and J.

01:31:35Together they were a vowel, and J was then used as a consonant that sounded like Y.

01:31:41It wasn't until 1633, when an English grammar book explained the proper use of J, and it

01:31:47was entered into the alphabet in the way we use it today.

01:31:51The first vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901, the size of a Winnebago, and it took four

01:31:56people to operate it.

01:31:58A petrol engine used to supply power also required a horse to move it around.

01:32:03I would suppose that it was mainly used for cleaning up after the horse in the end.

01:32:08It wasn't long after that they found easier ways to clean the house, and in 1910 the first

01:32:12handheld vacuum was invented.

01:32:15If you've been told that you sweat like a pig, there is no need to be offended.

01:32:19It's actually more of a compliment, as pigs don't sweat.

01:32:23All swine are born without sweat glands, and the only way to cool off is to find a nice

01:32:27puddle or, more famously, some mud.

01:32:31Umbrellas were invented around 4,000 years ago, and were only socially acceptable for

01:32:35women to use them.

01:32:37Their original purpose was to keep the sun out of your eyes, and as a fashion accessory.

01:32:42It wasn't until the mid-18th century that men were allowed to use them, and the modern,

01:32:46water-resistant version we use today was made.

01:32:50And most importantly, the very first dog umbrella was invented in 1965.

01:32:57Dentists can be very strict on what sweets you eat, so you would be amazed to learn that

01:33:02cotton candy was invented by a dentist.

01:33:05John C. Wharton, a dentist and confectioner, wanted to give his clients a treat every visit.

01:33:11Hmm, maybe he gave them this treat to ensure they came back more often.

01:33:18If we could theoretically build a highway to outer space, and could adjust the effects

01:33:23of gravity, it would only take you an hour to drive to space if you drove at 60 miles

01:33:27per hour.

01:33:28Let's make this happen, Elon Musk!

01:33:32How heavy could a cloud be?

01:33:34It looks like it couldn't weigh too much as it floats easily up in the sky.

01:33:38But a cloud could weigh anywhere up to 1 million pounds.

01:33:43That massive cloud is able to float above you because the air's lighter up there, and

01:33:46less dense than dry air below.

01:33:49You can see the same effect when observing oil floating on water.

01:33:53You think you yawn because you are bored or tired?

01:33:56Well, it's a myth.

01:33:58You yawn more often later in the day, but it's just your body helping you remain alert.

01:34:03Through inhaling cool air and stretching the muscles, it cools the flow to the brain.

01:34:07Researchers identified brain sizes in different species of animals based on their yawns.

01:34:13The larger the brain, the longer the yawn.

01:34:15So how long do you yawn?

01:34:18Playing video games regularly increases gray matter in the brain for all you gamers out

01:34:22there, which helps to boost brain connectivity through muscle control, memories, perception,

01:34:27and spatial navigation.

01:34:29An experiment at a New York medical center found that surgeons who played three hours

01:34:33of video games made 37% fewer mistakes and performed 27% faster than other non-gaming

01:34:40doctors.

01:34:42Have you ever wanted to be just a little bit taller?

01:34:45Well, get your space boots on.

01:34:47The human body can grow up to 3% taller when in space.

01:34:51While living on Earth, our spines are compressed by gravity.

01:34:54But in zero gravity, the decompression lets the spinal discs expand, allowing the spine

01:34:59to lengthen.

01:35:01Cows don't have full REM sleep while standing, but they can have a light nap.

01:35:06This is an evolutionary trait that helped their ancestors avoid predators.

01:35:11They stand idle during a power nap if they need to make a quick getaway.

01:35:15They do have full REM sleep only by lying down.

01:35:18They only need four hours of sleep to fully energize for the next day.

01:35:23Women have more taste buds than men, and 35% of women are considered super tasters.

01:35:28And only 15% of men are.

01:35:31Not surprisingly, more women prefer pineapple on their pizza.

01:35:35Now don't be triggered if you disagree.

01:35:38While sleeping, you're incapable of sneezing.

01:35:41This might seem impossible, especially when you have a cold.

01:35:44But while your body is resting, the nerves that help you sneeze are as well.

01:35:49While you sleep, the brain ignores any irritating sensations or tickling that would typically

01:35:54create the sneeze.

01:35:57Our calendar year once used to end in February.

01:36:00This is because it was the last month to be added to the calendar.

01:36:04A calendar year once only lasted 304 days, so there was plenty of room for more months.

01:36:10It was changed in the year 46 BCE to the calendar we know today by Julius Caesar.

01:36:17They previously followed the lunar calendar.

01:36:19Julius Caesar saw issues with this as it didn't match the seasons.

01:36:24He hired an astronomer who created a calendar based on the solar year.

01:36:33At a distance of 640 light-years from the Sun, scientists discovered planet WASP-76b,

01:36:39where it rains iron.

01:36:41The planet is very close to its Sun and always turned to it in the same side.

01:36:46The term is tidally locked.

01:36:48The temperature on the sunny side is so high that metals melt and evaporate there.

01:36:53The other half of the planet is cool enough so that metals condense again and fall down

01:36:58as rain.

01:36:59Speaking of tidal locks, our Moon is the same way.

01:37:02There's no dark side to our satellite, it's just always turned to us with one side.

01:37:08When the Moon happens to be in between the Earth and the Sun, what we call its dark side

01:37:13becomes brightly lit.

01:37:14We just can't see it from our planet.

01:37:16Figures.

01:37:17A recent study claims that the Moon has a tail.

01:37:21And every month, it wraps around our planet like a scarf.

01:37:24A slender tail made up of millions of atoms of sodium follows Earth's natural satellite.

01:37:30And our planet regularly travels directly through it.

01:37:34Meteor strikes blast these sodium atoms out of the Moon's surface and further into space.

01:37:39You won't believe it, but the Moon seems to be shrinking.

01:37:43Earth's natural satellite is now 150 feet smaller than it used to be hundreds of millions

01:37:48of years ago.

01:37:49The reason for this phenomenon might be the cooling of the Moon's insides.

01:37:54It could also explain the quakes shaking the surface of our planet's natural satellite.

01:37:59Astronomers have recently found out that Mars is seismically active.

01:38:04Mars quakes occur there on a regular basis.

01:38:07For several days every month, the Moon remains between the Sun and our planet.

01:38:11That's when Earth's gravity picks up that sodium tail.

01:38:15Our planet drags it into a long stripe that wraps around its atmosphere.

01:38:19This lunar tail is totally harmless.

01:38:22It's also invisible to the human eye, 50 times dimmer than what you can perceive.

01:38:27But on those rare days, high-powered telescopes can spot its faint yellowish glow in the sky.

01:38:34The tail looks like a gleaming spot that's 5 times the Moon's full diameter.

01:38:39Turns out there are plenty of planets in the Universe, and even in the Milky Way galaxy,

01:38:44that have liquid or frozen water on them.

01:38:46The closest one is within our solar system.

01:38:49It's Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.

01:38:52Scientists are almost sure that, underneath its frozen surface, there's an actual ocean

01:38:56of water.

01:38:57But it's too soon to be hyped about possible life on such planets.

01:39:02Liquid water is only one of many things that have to come together for life to appear on

01:39:06a planet.

01:39:07A star in the galaxy GSN 069 is likely to turn into a planet the size of Jupiter in

01:39:14the next trillion years.

01:39:16It might happen because of the stars' regular encounters with a black hole.

01:39:20First, astronomers noticed unusual X-ray bursts that were strangely bright.

01:39:25They went off every 9 hours.

01:39:28After studying this phenomenon for some time, the scientists realized it was a star moving

01:39:33in a unique orbit around a black hole.

01:39:36The dazzling flashes?

01:39:37It was the material getting slurped off the star's surface by the black hole.

01:39:42It turned out that over millions of years, the black hole had already transformed the

01:39:46red giant into a white dwarf.

01:39:49And the process isn't going to stop whatsoever.

01:39:52Astronomers have found some traces of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus.

01:39:56On our planet, this gas, colorless and flammable, is often found where microbes live.

01:40:02No wonder a new theory suggests that there might be life on Venus.

01:40:06But even if there was some life on the evening star, it could have only appeared in its atmosphere.

01:40:12Probably no living organism would be able to survive the planet's extreme environment.

01:40:17Venus's surface is extremely dry, there's no liquid water on the planet, and the pressure

01:40:22there is 90 times greater than that on Earth's surface.

01:40:26The temperatures often rise higher than 900°F. That's hot enough to melt some metals.

01:40:32As for vacations there, I'll pass.

01:40:34In fact, there's a place millions of light-years away where there's a whole floating space

01:40:39cloud made entirely of water.

01:40:42There's so much of it that we could fill all our oceans 140 trillion times over.

01:40:48Slightly more than what we need.

01:40:50Water on Earth is actually a puzzle shrouded in mystery and covered with riddles.

01:40:54The most popular theory is that it was brought to our planet by icy comets and asteroids

01:40:59that left behind not only mighty craters, but the liquid substance thanks to which we

01:41:04can now thrive.

01:41:06But in space, there's a whole lot of organic matter, and under specific conditions, it

01:41:11could yield so much water, it would be enough to fill our oceans thousands of times over.

01:41:17Researchers conducted an experiment in which they heated this organic matter and obtained

01:41:22clear water and oil.

01:41:24If this is confirmed in future studies, it could mean that even oil appeared on Earth

01:41:29not only thanks to fossilized remains of living beings, but came from outer space as well.

01:41:35And yet, there might just be about 6 billion Earth-like planets in the Milky Way galaxy

01:41:40alone.

01:41:41The latest data has shown that every fifth Sun-like star can have at least one planet

01:41:45in its habitable zone.

01:41:47And not just any planet, mind you, it has a rocky core and surface, and it's of comparable

01:41:52size to the Earth.

01:41:54Living inside the habitable zone of its star, such a planet would have high chances of becoming

01:41:59home to living creatures, microbes at least.

01:42:03And if there are billions of these planets in our galaxy, you could safely say that at

01:42:07least one of them is not only habitable, but inhabited already.

01:42:12And now, multiply this by the number of galaxies in the Universe, also considering that many

01:42:17of them are much bigger than the Milky Way.

01:42:20This gives us billions upon billions of Sun-like stars and Earth-like planets, and some of

01:42:25them are surely more like ours than others.

01:42:28And get this, we might be able to walk upright because of supernova explosions.

01:42:34About 2.5 million years ago, a supernova sent cosmic rays to our planet.

01:42:39They triggered a series of electrical storms in the Earth's atmosphere, which turned into

01:42:44thunderstorms.

01:42:45These storms, in turn, caused wildfires in Northeast Africa, where our earlier ancestors

01:42:49lived.

01:42:50Fires turned the forest area into a savanna, the atmospheric pressure changed, and our

01:42:55ancestors had to stand on two legs to survive.

01:42:58The biggest explosion since the Big Bang was registered in 2019.

01:43:03This happened in the Ophiuchus Cluster, which unites thousands of galaxies.

01:43:07According to scientists, the blast was equal to 20 billion billion, that's 18 zeros, megaton

01:43:13explosions happening once a millisecond for 240 million years.

01:43:17Um, I'll have to trust that, my math is not that good.

01:43:21In 2019, NASA's InSight lander, whose goal was to study the interior of Mars, registered

01:43:27the first Mars quake ever.

01:43:29These quakes were coming fast, about two per day.

01:43:33Most of them were tiny, you wouldn't even feel them if they happened on our planet.

01:43:37So far, more than 300 Mars quakes have been detected.

01:43:40Those are the first quakes on any space body other than Earth and the Moon.

01:43:45Another mysterious phenomenon discovered by the mission was bizarre magnetic pulses.

01:43:50They occurred every midnight around the lander.

01:43:53It's still unclear what those pulses were.

01:43:55Maybe after midnight, they're going to let it all hang out, or something.

01:43:59Pluto's atmosphere rises much higher above the surface of the dwarf planet than, let's

01:44:04say, Earth's.

01:44:05It also has more than 20 layers, all of them freezing cold and extremely condensed.

01:44:11Remember the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs on Earth?

01:44:14Hey, I wasn't around then, but who could forget?

01:44:17There might've been another space show that ended badly for at least 75% of all life on

01:44:22our planet in the past.

01:44:24Roughly 360 million years ago, a supernova explosion occurred about 65 light-years away

01:44:29from us, and the cosmic rays sent by it swept away the ozone layer of our pretty blue

01:44:35ball.

01:44:36Wow, tough neighborhood.

01:44:39There are things about nature that you know for sure.

01:44:42Or don't you?

01:44:43Let's check how much you know about the incredible world we live in.

01:44:47How many of the 14 points will you guess?

01:44:50Let us know!

01:44:52The Great Pyramid of Giza was built when mammoths still roamed the Earth.

01:44:56Myth or fact?

01:45:00It's actually a fact!

01:45:06The most famous pyramid in the world had been constructed about 500 years before woolly

01:45:11mammoths went extinct, approximately 4,000 years ago.

01:45:16Their last known habitat was the cold and deserted Wrangell Island in the Arctic Sea,

01:45:21which might not have been as cold then as it is today.

01:45:26There are more trees on Earth than stars in the Milky Way.

01:45:29Is it myth or fact?

01:45:38It's a fact!

01:45:40Scientists used to believe there were about 4 billion trees on our planet, but more recent

01:45:44studies have shown that there are over 3 trillion of them, making it 420 trees per person.

01:45:51As for the stars in our galaxy, there are only about 100 billion, which is 30 times

01:45:56fewer than the trees on Earth alone.

01:46:00The trees you see are all individual ones.

01:46:03Myth or fact?

01:46:11This is false, in fact.

01:46:1390% of the trees on Earth are interconnected by mycelium filaments.

01:46:18They send warning signals when in danger and exchange nutrients through them.

01:46:22It's kinda like the underground internet.

01:46:25Also, there are organisms like Pando, for example, which is the largest single living

01:46:30being on the planet.

01:46:32It looks like a dense forest of quaking aspens.

01:46:35In fact, it's basically a single giant tree, with its roots being interconnected underground.

01:46:42We drink the same water dinosaurs used to drink hundreds of millions of years ago.

01:46:46Myth or fact?

01:46:52Actually, it is!

01:46:58Only a small portion of the water on our planet has evaporated for good.

01:47:02The rest of it is constantly renewed.

01:47:04So, mammoths, dinosaurs, and whatever came before them billions of years ago drank and

01:47:10swam in the same water we see today.

01:47:12Not to mention what else they did in the water.

01:47:15Unfortunately, the water doesn't keep information about those ancient creatures for us to find

01:47:20out more about them.

01:47:23Lightning never strikes the same place twice.

01:47:25Are you willing to bet on that?

01:47:27Myth or fact?

01:47:30If you aren't, good for you!

01:47:38Lightning may strike the very same spot as many times as it wants.

01:47:42It might seem random, but the electrical discharge from the sky is pulled toward the

01:47:46tallest objects in the thunderstorm area.

01:47:49Also, the material this object is made of matters too.

01:47:53It's by no chance that lightning rods on buildings are mostly made of copper and aluminum

01:47:58alloys.

01:47:59These metals are some of the most conductive materials, so they pull lightning very efficiently.

01:48:06All deserts are hot.

01:48:07Now this one's easy, right?

01:48:09Myth or fact?

01:48:18If you guessed it's a myth, then right you are!

01:48:21Deserts are qualified not for their temperature, but for the presence or absence of growth

01:48:26and life in them.

01:48:27The most well-known desert is the Sahara, of course, and it is indeed very hot.

01:48:32The actual largest desert in the world is Antarctica, which is almost twice the size

01:48:38of the Sahara Desert.

01:48:39And you wouldn't call it even lukewarm.

01:48:42It's a polar desert, and there are several others on our planet, for example, Greenland.

01:48:48There's enough gold underground to cover the entire planet in a thick layer.

01:48:52Would you believe that?

01:49:01Well you should, because it's true!

01:49:04Since 1950, humanity has mined nearly 200,000 tons of gold.

01:49:09If we made a cube out of all this metal, it would be 70 feet high and wide.

01:49:14Recent data from scientists confirm that there are huge reserves of gold in the Earth's

01:49:19core.

01:49:20The metal is enough to cover the whole planet, and people might have gold up to their knees.

01:49:25The problem is, we just can't mine it from there.

01:49:27Hey, I don't mine if you don't.

01:49:30The Moon and Mars are better mapped than the Earth's oceans.

01:49:34Now this can't be true, can it?

01:49:39Actually, it can.

01:49:46We have a detailed map of the Moon and Mars, although we're still discovering surprises

01:49:51on their surfaces, granted.

01:49:53Still, over 80% of the Earth's oceans are unmapped and unexplored.

01:49:58We can't study the oceans properly because of pressure, cold, and lack of light underneath

01:50:03billions of tons of water.

01:50:06The lava is always red.

01:50:08What other color can it be, right?

01:50:10Myth or fact?

01:50:15Myth.

01:50:20Usually lava is really red or orange because it's basically molten rock from the deep

01:50:25bowels of our planet.

01:50:27There's one volcano in Indonesia whose lava is blue and luminescent.

01:50:32Only at night, though.

01:50:33During the day, it looks normal.

01:50:35No mystery about it, just tons of sulfuric gas.

01:50:39This volcano also has the largest acidic crater lake in the world.

01:50:43The water there is so turquoise, you want to jump in immediately, but you probably guessed

01:50:48you should never do that.

01:50:50The fire on that volcano is also blue, the largest blue fire in the world, rising up

01:50:55to 16 feet high.

01:50:57Ever seen a gas stove burning?

01:50:58Here, the principle is basically the same.

01:51:02You can see a rainbow at night, too.

01:51:04Is it myth or a fact?

01:51:14It's true!

01:51:15And there's even a name for this phenomenon, a moonbow.

01:51:18Also called a lunar rainbow, this event occurs extremely rarely.

01:51:23It's similar to a regular rainbow, except when it appears on a clear, moony night after

01:51:28a rain shower.

01:51:30There's a thing called a fire rainbow.

01:51:33Myth or fact?

01:51:42You bet!

01:51:43It's a beautiful phenomenon when the clouds in the sky are painted all the colors of the

01:51:47rainbow, looking like a fiery, multicolored cascade.

01:51:52It only occurs when the conditions are right, and those are very specific.

01:51:56It's close to the equator, the weather is clear, there are feather-like clouds in the

01:52:00sky, the sun is higher than 58 degrees above the horizon.

01:52:05Such clouds are made of ice crystals.

01:52:08When the sun's rays hit them, the particles refract the light and create a rainbow.

01:52:14Wow!

01:52:15There are rainbow trees!

01:52:17Myth or fact?

01:52:26If I made you doubt this, I'm glad, because this one is not photoshopped.

01:52:31This is the rainbow eucalyptus, and their bark may literally have all the rainbow colors.

01:52:37These eucalyptuses shed their bark at different times each year.

01:52:41Every time the old section goes off, the tree first reveals bright green bark that

01:52:46was hiding underneath, and then, it may turn any color.

01:52:49There's a whole set of hues – orange, maroon, blue, even purple!

01:52:56Stones can move on their own.

01:52:58Myth or fact?

01:53:02You'd be right to believe me.

01:53:09There's a desert plain in California where rocks move around of their own will.

01:53:14Once this plain used to be the bottom of a lake, but then it dried out and became an

01:53:18arid wasteland.

01:53:20Sometimes, rains fall here, flooding the entire valley.

01:53:24When night comes, the temperature drops, and the water is covered with a thin layer of

01:53:28ice.

01:53:29When it gets warmer again, the ice breaks into segments, and the wind pushes them around

01:53:33the place.

01:53:35Some of these ice shards take small rocks with them.

01:53:38When the ice melts for good and the water evaporates, the only thing that remains are

01:53:42trails left by the rocks, as if they'd moved on their own.

01:53:48Mud puddles can move around.

01:53:49Myth or fact?

01:53:58In fact, a single mud puddle in the world also travels as it wants, and nobody still

01:54:03knows why.

01:54:04It moves at a pace of about 20 feet per year, and it seems to have started its journey near

01:54:09the San Andreas Fault in California.

01:54:12People have tried to stop its march but couldn't.

01:54:15So far, this creeping natural disaster isn't showing any signs of stopping on its own either.

01:54:21So there's your pesky problematic puddle to ponder.

01:54:26Most people are sure that humans only have five senses, but that's not entirely true.

01:54:32Taste, touch, smell, sight, and hearing aren't the only ones we have.

01:54:37Scientists claim that people have between 9 and 20 senses in total.

01:54:41These include thermoception, the sense of warmth, equilibrioception, the sense of balance.

01:54:48There's also the sense of time, although not everyone seems to have that last one.

01:54:53We used to think that there were just eight different blood types, but in reality, there

01:54:58are over 30 known blood group systems.

01:55:00Here on the Bright Side, our favorite blood group is B-positive.

01:55:04Get it?

01:55:05For every pound of fat you gain, you generate one mile of new blood vessels to supply oxygen

01:55:11and nutrients to your body.

01:55:13Your stomach produces a new lining every six days to avoid digesting itself.

01:55:19Nerve cells transmit 1,000 nerve impulses a second.

01:55:23They travel between 1 and 268 miles per hour.

01:55:27Your DNA contains 100,000 viruses.

01:55:31Scientists have discovered one that goes back 100 million years.

01:55:35Your body emits visible light.

01:55:37You're the brightest at 4 p.m., and your glow is the least visible at 10 a.m.

01:55:42Unfortunately, this glowing is 1,000 times less intense than what your eyes can see.

01:55:48Sweat is mostly water mixed with proteins, sugars, ammonia, and a lot of other stuff.

01:55:54It even contains tiny amounts of trace metals like copper, zinc, nickel, iron, and so on.

01:56:00What makes sweat taste salty is the sodium it contains.

01:56:04Plus, the more salt you eat, the saltier your sweat is.

01:56:08Your body's trying to get rid of the excess, and the fastest way is to sweat it out.

01:56:13If you walked 2 miles per hour, you'd have to walk for 20 hours straight to lose 1 pound.

01:56:19And it would take you 518 days and 8 hours to circle the equator.

01:56:24Earwax isn't actually wax.

01:56:27It contains fat, skin cells, sweat, and dirt.

01:56:31Your brain gets 3 times bigger over the first year of life and reaches its full maturity

01:56:35when you're 25.

01:56:3760% of it is fat.

01:56:40Your brain generates around 23 watts of electrical power, which is enough to run a small light bulb.

01:56:47Humans can't really multitask.

01:56:49Our brain can't perform more than one action at the same time.

01:56:53It switches between them, which doesn't save time as you might think, but increases the

01:56:58possibility you'll do something wrong and makes the process longer.

01:57:02When you have an exam to take or you're at work trying to focus on an important task,

01:57:07try chewing gum.

01:57:09Research showed it can help you stay concentrated for longer on tasks that require your full

01:57:14attention.

01:57:15Studies even say that it's a better test aid than caffeine.

01:57:19There's nothing special in the gum, but the act of chewing wakes your brain up.

01:57:23The effect doesn't last long though, just for 20 minutes.

01:57:27Embryos develop fingerprints at 3 months.

01:57:30Your bones are 4 times harder than concrete.

01:57:33The strongest bone in your body is the femur.

01:57:36It can support up to 30 times the weight of a grown-up person.

01:57:39Even crazier is that our bones are made up of composite material, meaning they're both

01:57:44hard and elastic at the same time.

01:57:47Sunburn is the result of radiation exposure.

01:57:50When your body's natural defense mechanism gets overwhelmed trying to fight UV rays,

01:57:55a toxic reaction occurs that results in sunburn.

01:57:59Goosebumps are an evolutionary reflex left over from our ancestors.

01:58:03The release of adrenaline made their hair stand up, and they look scarier to approaching

01:58:07predators.

01:58:09Your body produces 1 to 3 pints of saliva every day.

01:58:13It helps you digest food and fights off infections.

01:58:16You also have a lot of bacteria in your mouth.

01:58:18Yeah, that's right.

01:58:20The average amount of bacteria in a person's mouth is almost the same as the number of

01:58:24people living on Earth.

01:58:25That's hard to digest.

01:58:27Each human has roughly 150,000 hairs on their head.

01:58:31Every strand grows around 1 half an inch per month.

01:58:34If we added the growth from each hair, it would measure the distance of 10 miles in

01:58:39just one year.

01:58:40Your hair is also a lot stronger than you think.

01:58:43A single strand can hold 3 ounces, which is the weight of an apple.

01:58:47If we combine the strength of all the hair on your head, it could support the weight

01:58:51of two elephants.

01:58:52Hey, let's try it!

01:58:55The beating sound your heart makes is the clap of valve leaflets opening and closing.

01:59:00Your heart doesn't replicate its cells unless you have an injury.

01:59:04Your corneas are the only part of your body that don't get blood.

01:59:07They get oxygen directly through the air.

01:59:10When you're sitting or standing upright, it's easier for you to recall some positive

01:59:14memories that make you feel good.

01:59:16Some believe it's because sitting up with your back flat boosts blood flow and your

01:59:21brain gets more oxygen, which helps it function better.

01:59:24The man who has the deepest voice in the world, and that's definitely not me, can produce

01:59:29sounds that humans, including him, can't hear at all.

01:59:34But elephants can hear those sounds.

01:59:37Veins look blue because light has to go through layers of skin and fat to reach them.

01:59:42Your skin scatters a lot of the red portion of white light before it reflects the blood.

01:59:47This leaves only the blue light to bounce back to your eyes.

01:59:51A person who has anosmia is unable to detect smells.

01:59:55Phantasmia is the opposite condition, when someone smells an odor that isn't actually

02:00:00there.

02:00:01The human brain has 100 billion neurons.

02:00:04It's 73% water, and the same is true about the heart.

02:00:08That's why if your brain loses even 2% of its liquid, you start to feel tired.

02:00:13It also makes your memory worse, shortens your attention span, and puts a dampener on

02:00:18your mood.

02:00:19The earliest known person to have had blue eyes lived in the Stone Age, 7,000 years ago.

02:00:26Your right kidney is probably smaller and sits lower down than your left kidney to make

02:00:30room for your liver.

02:00:32By the way, your brain makes sure you don't drink too little or too much water.

02:00:37After you swallow some liquid, your mouth and throat start to fire signals to your brain,

02:00:42telling it to stop drinking.

02:00:44Otherwise, you'd keep gulping down water for the entire 10-60 minutes it takes the

02:00:48liquid to get to your cells.

02:00:50Your eyes can see something for a mere 13 milliseconds, and your brain will already

02:00:55process this image.

02:00:57The average blink lasts from 100 to 400 milliseconds.

02:01:02Even though the tongue isn't the strongest muscle in your body, it never gets tired.

02:01:06That's because of the way it's built.

02:01:08It's made up of 8 interwoven muscles.

02:01:11The tongue is the only muscle with ends not connected to bone.

02:01:16Other muscles join two bones at both ends, because that's how we pull and make a motion.

02:01:21There are around 700 different species of bacteria in your mouth.

02:01:26Over 6 billion of them live there.

02:01:28Your skin is your largest organ.

02:01:31It can cover the surface area of two bath towels.

02:01:34It accounts for around 16% of body weight and is around 22 square feet.

02:01:40If you typed 60 words per minute for 8 hours a day, it would take you 50 years to type

02:01:45the human genome.

02:01:47You get tired pretty quickly when you're out in the heat.

02:01:50This happens because your body is trying really hard to keep itself cool, which puts a lot

02:01:55of extra work on it.

02:01:56So you get exhausted and tired, even if you don't do anything physically demanding.

02:02:02Your body has 78 organs, but only 5 of them are essential for survival.

02:02:07The brain, liver, kidney, lungs, and heart.

02:02:11Oh, the phone's ringing.

02:02:13Must be something urgent.

02:02:14At 11 PM.

02:02:16Only all the gadgets in the house are silent.

02:02:19It's your ears that are ringing.

02:02:21You can also hear some hissing, whistling, buzzing, and even roaring.

02:02:25But all this noise doesn't have an external source.

02:02:29That's why it's known as phantom sounds.

02:02:32They can occur in one or both ears, constantly or from time to time.

02:02:36They're usually most noticeable at night, when nothing distracts you.

02:02:40Women have more taste buds on the surface of their tongues than men do.

02:02:44That's one of the reasons why 35% of ladies and only 15% of guys are super tasters.

02:02:51Those are people who feel flavors more strongly than others.

02:02:54Left-handed people usually prefer to chew on the left side.

02:02:58And right-handed people, well, you guessed it, chew on the right.

02:03:02Even if your fingerprints are damaged, they'll grow back in the same unique pattern.

02:03:07When breathing, a single lung only uses 5% of the oxygen you've inhaled.

02:03:14You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of

02:03:18work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.

02:03:21Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.

02:03:24At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.

02:03:30A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.

02:03:34A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.

02:03:40Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.

02:03:46Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.

02:03:50They're good old jalapenos.

02:03:51Dried and smoked jalapeno is Chipotle.

02:03:55In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.

02:03:59But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.

02:04:05After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational

02:04:09forces.

02:04:11Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.

02:04:14The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels

02:04:20hundreds of light-years away.

02:04:23Not so long ago, scientists decided the Deinos family tree had to be redrawn for the first

02:04:28time in 130 years.

02:04:31Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.

02:04:37Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T. rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as

02:04:42the Stegosaurus.

02:04:45A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.

02:04:50This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.

02:04:53As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food

02:04:56around.

02:04:58Some sea animals like salmon or turtles use our planet's magnetic field to find their

02:05:03way home.

02:05:05Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.

02:05:10These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.

02:05:14The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.

02:05:20Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.

02:05:24Those are J and Q.

02:05:27Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.

02:05:31This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.

02:05:35You can see it at work in different sports, for example tennis or baseball.

02:05:41Anitidaphobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose

02:05:48may be watching you.

02:05:50The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even

02:05:54touch them.

02:05:56They just don't like the feeling of being watched.

02:05:59It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.

02:06:05Anything can be a phobia.

02:06:07A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.

02:06:11I might just quack up.

02:06:14Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with carnauba wax.

02:06:20Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.

02:06:25Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car

02:06:29shine.

02:06:32Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.

02:06:38If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.

02:06:41If not, we get smooth nectarines.

02:06:45Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people

02:06:50for a long time.

02:06:53This could be a good or a bad thing depending on how nice you are to them.

02:06:57You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.

02:07:00You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily, so it might be better to play

02:07:05it safe and just give them a little wave.

02:07:09In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of

02:07:15Fish.

02:07:16Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.

02:07:19Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town, leaving a mass of

02:07:25fish flopping around in the streets.

02:07:28The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes which drop

02:07:32the fish far from their home.

02:07:34Seafood delivery for free?

02:07:36Yes please!

02:07:39A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.

02:07:42It's called a spaghetti.

02:07:45In the Italian language, an I at the end of a word means that it's plural, while an O

02:07:50is singular.

02:07:51This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi, fettuccino instead of fettuccine,

02:07:58and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.

02:08:04Water can freeze and boil at the same time.

02:08:07This is called the triple point.

02:08:09That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.

02:08:14But there's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.

02:08:20We're used to ranch dressing being white, but in reality, producers usually add titanium

02:08:24dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.

02:08:28Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.

02:08:33Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.

02:08:38Our moon used to have an atmosphere.

02:08:40Several volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion years ago.

02:08:45They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.

02:08:50It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.

02:08:54That's how an atmosphere was formed.

02:08:58Cold water heats up faster than hot.

02:09:00The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.

02:09:06That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat, but it doesn't mean it'll boil faster

02:09:10than hot water.

02:09:14Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.

02:09:17It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.

02:09:22Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the US.

02:09:28It went underwater about 23 million years ago.

02:09:31New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.

02:09:36People are still evolving.

02:09:38Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.

02:09:42It turns out some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.

02:09:50Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.

02:09:54It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our

02:09:58eyes, and this looks as if the light is shaking.

02:10:03It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.

02:10:08The whole process is known as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt.

02:10:14Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.

02:10:18If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.

02:10:25Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.

02:10:30Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.

02:10:35Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.

02:10:40The rocks, metals, and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed

02:10:44into the ground more tightly in certain places than in others.

02:10:49This has surprising consequences.

02:10:51Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.

02:10:55How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd

02:11:00also weigh slightly less.

02:11:02Don't look down!

02:11:04One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll

02:11:09– that's the thing that makes plants green – evolved on Earth.

02:11:13This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combined to make purple.

02:11:19If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange purple-colored critters before

02:11:24all the green stuff appeared.

02:11:27Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.

02:11:30It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible

02:11:36browning.

02:11:37The same thing happens when you hit an apple.

02:11:39The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.

02:11:45Are you into white chocolate?

02:11:46Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.

02:11:49It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.

02:11:54Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.

02:11:56It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.

02:12:00The only product that never expires even if you don't store it in the fridge is honey.

02:12:05It has a low pH and lots of sugar.

02:12:08That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.

02:12:12If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.

02:12:17It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.

02:12:23People are more honest when they're tired.

02:12:25That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.

02:12:31Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.

02:12:34It's water mixed with special wetting agents.

02:12:37These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.

02:12:44The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.

02:12:50The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.

02:12:57People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.

02:13:02That's when a new symbol, at, was added to the code for the first time.

02:13:06The character is actually called a comet and consists of the A and C signals with no break

02:13:13in between.

02:13:16That's it for today.

02:13:17Hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your

02:13:21friends.

02:13:22Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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