Why a Bed Height Matters + 150 Rare Facts

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Transcript

00:00:00 I hate to break this to you, but money isn't actually made of paper.

00:00:04 Which also proves that money doesn't actually grow on trees.

00:00:08 Most banknotes are 25% linen and 75% cotton, which is why they have such a distinct look

00:00:14 and feel.

00:00:16 Back in the 19th century, money was made of parchment paper.

00:00:19 That's why people could very easily counterfeit it, unlike now.

00:00:23 The Eiffel Tower is almost 6 inches taller during the summer.

00:00:27 When you heat up some substance, its particles start to move more actively and take up a

00:00:31 bigger volume.

00:00:32 That's something they call "thermal expansion."

00:00:35 When the temperature lowers, the substance contracts again.

00:00:39 Such an effect is more prominent in gases, but you can also track it in liquids and solids,

00:00:44 including iron.

00:00:46 Because of this, people build large structures like bridges using expansion joints.

00:00:51 They allow a structure some leeway to expand and contract.

00:00:54 And such changes don't cause any damage.

00:00:57 Wow, I have some pants like that!

00:00:59 Now honey can last for thousands of years without going bad.

00:01:03 Bees land on flowers to collect sugary nectar.

00:01:06 Then they transport it back to their hive and transfer it to other worker bees.

00:01:11 These bees reduce the water content of the nectar by repeatedly drinking and regurgitating

00:01:16 the liquid.

00:01:17 Mmm, bee barf.

00:01:19 Special enzymes in their stomachs break down the glucose in the nectar, and it becomes

00:01:23 more acidic.

00:01:25 Bees deposit this nectar in the honeycomb and start fanning it with their wings so that

00:01:29 the water evaporates more quickly.

00:01:31 The honey is now highly acidic and low in water content, which keeps it safe from spoiling.

00:01:37 The bacteria that can cause the rest of the food to go off can't survive in such conditions.

00:01:43 Now a long time ago, people didn't elevate their mattresses off the floor.

00:01:47 This practice started in ancient Egypt and continued in many other cultures.

00:01:52 People realized it was cold on the floor, and they could warm their beds easier if they

00:01:56 were off the ground.

00:01:58 Houses used to be more drafty.

00:02:00 Cold air came in from under the doors.

00:02:02 There was no central heating, so people had to find other ways to stay warm.

00:02:07 Warm air tends to rise, and if you're positioned higher, you won't be as cold as on the floor.

00:02:12 Also this way, people could keep their beds clean more easily.

00:02:16 In simple homes, floors used to be way dirtier than today, and all that dirt usually migrated

00:02:21 into beds.

00:02:23 Continuing now to talk dirty, do you think people are naturally clean and tidy?

00:02:27 After all, our ancestors, who lived thousands of years ago, already used latrines and were

00:02:32 tidying their hair with combs.

00:02:35 And they kept their homes and themselves clean.

00:02:37 Our natural need for hygiene and cleanliness is driven by our sense of disgust.

00:02:42 That's the very mechanism that helps our body stay safe and protects them from different

00:02:47 infections.

00:02:48 That's why we're more sensitive to certain smells and things.

00:02:52 But we still have some pretty sloppy habits.

00:02:54 For example, eating snacks over a keyboard.

00:02:57 Eww!

00:02:58 I certainly never do that.

00:03:00 But there are animals that are even neater than us humans.

00:03:03 For example, rattlesnakes like to keep their surroundings tidy.

00:03:07 Some of them even use their muscular necks and triangular heads to sweep aside messy

00:03:11 grass when they hunt.

00:03:14 Many animals like to clear their path when going after their future meal.

00:03:17 Reptiles too.

00:03:19 Less vegetation increases their chances of catching food.

00:03:22 Songbirds also prefer to keep it neat and get rid of uneaten food, eggshells, and other

00:03:28 trash in their nests.

00:03:29 This way, they also make their homes less visible to their enemies.

00:03:33 Meanwhile, out in space, shadows are darker on the Moon than on our planet.

00:03:38 That's because the atmosphere on Earth scatters more sunlight.

00:03:42 But if you could visit the Moon, you'd observe shadows so dark you wouldn't be able to see

00:03:46 where you were going.

00:03:48 Also, you'd notice fresh footprints on the lunar surface.

00:03:52 People haven't set foot there in a few decades, but the footprints look as if they were left

00:03:56 just yesterday.

00:03:58 Since there's no water or wind on the Moon, nothing can erase these footprints.

00:04:03 So they stay there in their original form for millions of years.

00:04:07 So be careful where you step, huh?

00:04:09 Earth's core contains enough gold to coat the entire planet.

00:04:13 And if you decided to do this, the level of this precious metal would be knee-high.

00:04:19 For thousands of years, people have been mining gold and platinum, together with a bunch of

00:04:23 other precious metals, from underneath our planet's surface.

00:04:26 That's why we have depleted some of the minerals in certain areas.

00:04:30 But Earth still has a huge number of such deposits, especially if you get closer to

00:04:35 its core.

00:04:36 That's because of countless meteorites that collided with our planet during the period

00:04:40 of its formation.

00:04:42 Those meteorites contained different minerals, including gold.

00:04:45 Back then, Earth was still in its molten state, which is why most of the gold, a heavy element,

00:04:51 sank deep into its core.

00:04:53 And the silicate mantle positioned over the core trapped really huge amounts of gold and

00:04:58 some other minerals.

00:04:59 Unfortunately, most of them are kind of out of reach now, since we talk about 1,800 miles

00:05:04 below the surface and temperatures of thousands of degrees.

00:05:08 Too hot, in other words.

00:05:10 Sure, if you were about to go into space, one of the first things you'd think of would

00:05:15 be your spacesuit.

00:05:16 But do you know that it's possible to survive in space even if you aren't wearing any protection?

00:05:22 Well, don't get your hopes up yet.

00:05:24 It lasts for no more than 15 seconds.

00:05:27 That's how long it would take you to lose consciousness, because oxygen will stop coming

00:05:30 to your brain.

00:05:32 In 1965, one technician accidentally depressurized his suit inside a vacuum chamber.

00:05:38 He lost consciousness after 12 to 15 seconds.

00:05:42 27 seconds later, his suit luckily got repressurized.

00:05:46 The man later said that he remembered the moisture on his tongue started to boil.

00:05:50 He also lost his sense of taste, and it didn't come back until 4 days after the accident.

00:05:56 Now you can't hold your breath in space either, so that won't save you.

00:06:01 Your lungs will rupture at one point because the air inside will expand.

00:06:05 The oxygen in other parts of your body will start to expand too, which means you will

00:06:09 balloon up to twice your regular size.

00:06:12 Almost like Dudley Dursley's Aunt Marge from Harry Potter.

00:06:15 Well, not quite.

00:06:17 You won't explode, only thanks to your elastic skin.

00:06:20 It will keep holding you together.

00:06:22 And the liquids in your body will start vaporizing pretty quickly too.

00:06:26 Doesn't that sound pleasant?

00:06:28 No!

00:06:29 The ocean has its iconic blue color thanks to sunlight.

00:06:33 When the sun shines, the water absorbs longer orange and red wavelengths of light and reflects

00:06:38 shorter blue light waves.

00:06:39 This is only possible when there's a huge amount of water.

00:06:43 So the more water you have in one place, the bluer it becomes.

00:06:47 That's why the water you pour in your glass has nothing in common with this beautiful

00:06:52 ocean blue color.

00:06:54 The ocean performs many important functions.

00:06:56 For one thing, it produces 50-80% of all the oxygen on our planet.

00:07:01 Which means it keeps us alive.

00:07:03 But it also helps the Internet to function.

00:07:06 So when you're laughing at a funny dog video or binge-watching your favorite series, yup,

00:07:11 thank the ocean for that!

00:07:13 The majority of the cables that power the Internet, and therefore, allow people from

00:07:17 all over the world to use it, run underwater.

00:07:21 Those are submarine communications cables – miles and miles of wiring criss-crossing

00:07:26 the ocean floor.

00:07:28 There are special hoes for putting all that in place.

00:07:31 They're designed specifically for that purpose.

00:07:34 To make sure nothing damages the cables, and your Internet, people need to put them on

00:07:38 relatively flat stretches of the ocean floor.

00:07:41 The cables also need to be away from old shipwrecks or large ocean ecosystems.

00:07:47 Some of these cables have a special coating that protects them from damage.

00:07:51 This way, no hungry sharks or curious fish have a chance to munch on the wiring.

00:07:56 Now, trees talk.

00:07:58 Well, not exactly like people do, but they have their own way of communication.

00:08:03 Their roots are connected through an underground network of fungi.

00:08:07 That network got its name of the "wood wide web."

00:08:11 Thanks to this network, trees can share resources with one another.

00:08:14 That's how they talk.

00:08:16 They use these fungi to transmit nutrients and water from one tree to another.

00:08:21 For example, there's a mother tree or another tree that's stronger and older than others

00:08:25 in the forest.

00:08:26 So, it shares some of its nutrients and sugars with small trees growing nearby.

00:08:31 Thanks mom!

00:08:32 Now, look at all these insects flying around on a nice sunny day.

00:08:36 Do you think they get sunburned?

00:08:38 Well, those that spend most of their time in the open don't.

00:08:42 They have dark exoskeletons that contain melanin.

00:08:46 That's how they block UV rays.

00:08:48 But insects that live underground and in the water or nocturnal creatures have paler and

00:08:53 thinner skin.

00:08:54 If they spend too much time outside during the day, they can indeed get sunburned or

00:08:59 even worse, they could get eaten.

00:09:02 Have you ever wondered why potato chips have those yummy, crunchy waves?

00:09:08 Hmm, imagine you're with friends watching a film and you're eating chips.

00:09:14 Would you prefer to dip non-ruffled chips or a ruffled one?

00:09:18 Non-ruffled ones cannot handle the weight of the sauce and break down.

00:09:22 Bam!

00:09:23 You have sauce all over your white t-shirt.

00:09:25 So, ruffled chips win.

00:09:28 Ruffled chips also give you a better mouthfeel.

00:09:31 Potato chips have a prominent oil taste which decreases the potato taste.

00:09:36 And you might have fingers oil-covered.

00:09:38 Where's the fun in that?

00:09:40 So, what do you prefer, ridges or regular potato chips?

00:09:45 Barcodes made our lives so much easier.

00:09:48 But do you know how they work?

00:09:50 Zebra lines are the keys here.

00:09:53 Barcodes are read using a scanner.

00:09:55 The scanner has a laser that detects the pattern.

00:09:58 The laser reads the barcode.

00:10:00 The barcode absorbs some light and the rest is reflected.

00:10:04 The computer can make sense of those dots, lines and numbers on a barcode.

00:10:09 Imagine black and white lines as zeros and ones.

00:10:14 Black observes the light and white reflects it.

00:10:17 This rule applies here.

00:10:19 Black parts of the ones and white parts that reflect the lights are zeros.

00:10:23 The scanner sees the white sections, not the black parts.

00:10:28 Post-its are our friendly reminders to visit the dentist or a scheduled meeting.

00:10:33 Be sure to hang them on the wall firmly.

00:10:36 We've been using post-it notes wrong this whole time.

00:10:39 You're not supposed to peel it off from the bottom because this creates a crease in the

00:10:42 paper.

00:10:44 The note won't hold on to the surface for long.

00:10:46 Take it off from the side.

00:10:48 It'll stick more powerfully.

00:10:52 Cloud-like and sweet.

00:10:54 The one and only cotton candy.

00:10:57 It's irresistible, especially for young people.

00:11:00 Too much sugar is bad for the teeth.

00:11:02 Everyone's heard this phrase from their dentist.

00:11:05 Surprise!

00:11:06 The inventor of cotton candy is a dentist.

00:11:09 So cotton candy was invented in 1895 by John C. Wharton, a candy maker, and William Morrison,

00:11:16 a dentist.

00:11:17 They named their product "Fairy Floss."

00:11:20 It's a cool name, by the way.

00:11:21 They sold thousands of cotton candy at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904.

00:11:27 Cotton candy is still with us, showing up in amusement parks and dentists still care

00:11:32 for people with tooth decay.

00:11:34 Some things never change.

00:11:36 Do you love a lollipop?

00:11:39 Why are there tiny holes in it?

00:11:41 Those two holes in a lollipop stick may be used as a simple whistle.

00:11:47 But they're there to hold the candy in place.

00:11:49 The stick is dipped in the liquid syrup.

00:11:51 It flows into the holes, solidifies, and surrounds the stick.

00:11:57 A life-changing invention is a refrigerator, but not everybody knows it has a dark story

00:12:02 behind its door.

00:12:05 The Refrigerator Safety Act was launched in August 1956 to prevent young people from being

00:12:11 trapped inside a household refrigerator.

00:12:14 The refrigerators used to have an external latch that would shut the refrigerator door

00:12:18 when it was not in use.

00:12:20 It can only be opened from the outside.

00:12:22 You can relax.

00:12:23 After this regulation, household refrigerators were manufactured to be opened from the inside.

00:12:30 Moving on from the kitchen to the bathroom.

00:12:33 Using the toilet while scrolling down the Instagram feed is taken for granted.

00:12:37 Guess what?

00:12:38 More people in the world have phones than toilets.

00:12:42 According to a UN report, billions of people lack access to a toilet, especially areas

00:12:47 in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

00:12:51 The number of mobile phone owners outnumber those with proper plumbing and sanitized toilets.

00:12:57 Also, scientists have found that cell phones carry 10 times more bacteria than most toilet

00:13:02 seats.

00:13:03 So yeah, you might want to sanitize your phone after watching this video.

00:13:08 Do you use FaceTime or Skype to talk to each other worldwide?

00:13:12 It could be for a chat, a meeting, or something else.

00:13:15 The webcam technology was born with a very reasonable goal, though.

00:13:20 In 1993, researchers at the Computer Science Department at the University of Cambridge

00:13:25 set up a system to see if the coffee pot was empty or not.

00:13:29 Yes, you heard it right.

00:13:31 Researchers needed coffee to fuel their brains, as many of us do.

00:13:35 They get up from their chairs, go to the coffee pot, and find it empty.

00:13:40 Instead of making sure that someone makes a fresh coffee, they wired up a system.

00:13:44 The system would stream the images of the room where the coffee pot was kept.

00:13:48 At that time, it was three pictures taken per minute.

00:13:52 It's more than enough to see if the pot has coffee in it or not.

00:13:55 Thanks to the researchers for not getting up from their chairs.

00:13:59 And for another tiny thing, coming up with this brilliant idea!

00:14:04 Do you buy white eggs or brown eggs?

00:14:06 What's the difference besides the color?

00:14:09 Since brown eggs tend to cost you more, you might think that something in them makes the

00:14:13 prices a bit higher.

00:14:15 Nope!

00:14:16 The color of the egg shell doesn't affect its nutrition or quality.

00:14:20 Both eggs are healthy.

00:14:22 Brown eggs cost more because the hens that lay them need more feed.

00:14:26 It's more pricey to raise them than the white egg hens.

00:14:29 The cost is reflected onto the consumer.

00:14:33 There is a hole at the handle of some kitchen pots and pans.

00:14:36 We mostly use this hole to place the kitchen utensil vertically on a cabinet door.

00:14:41 They have a secondary use.

00:14:43 Imagine you're cooking multiple dishes to make a feast for the family.

00:14:47 The kitchen counter is full of stuff.

00:14:50 You have a hard time finding a place for the gravy sauce spoon.

00:14:54 You can place the spoon in the hole on the edge of the sauce pan handle.

00:14:58 It will stay there safely until you decide to stir the sauce again.

00:15:02 Not every spoon fits into the hole.

00:15:05 It might easily slide to the floor.

00:15:07 Better to have a test run where the spoon is clean.

00:15:11 Imagine you have a takeaway of noodles with an extra topping on your way home.

00:15:16 You recently moved and all the plates are in the boxes.

00:15:19 You struggle with this noodle box.

00:15:21 The toppings are stuck at the bottom.

00:15:24 The sauce didn't mix evenly either.

00:15:26 We've missed out on an easier way to eat from the takeout boxes.

00:15:30 They can be flat and serve as plates.

00:15:33 You take the edges of the paper out and open it up.

00:15:36 There you go.

00:15:37 Now you have a plate.

00:15:38 The best part is you don't have to clean it up afterwards.

00:15:42 Did you know that a tomato is not a veggie but a fruit?

00:15:46 So is an avocado.

00:15:48 Watermelon is actually a berry.

00:15:50 There's more to that.

00:15:53 Peanuts are not in the nuts family.

00:15:55 They're different from almonds and cashews.

00:15:58 Peanuts grow pods under the soil.

00:16:00 They are harvested like potatoes.

00:16:02 Their upper parts are like bushes.

00:16:05 These tasty ciders are not classified as nuts since they grow under the ground, not on a

00:16:10 tree.

00:16:12 They get pulled up from the soil like carrots.

00:16:15 Next time you eat peanuts in a friend circle, you can mention this new fact you heard.

00:16:19 Or it can be an icebreaker when you see someone eating peanuts.

00:16:24 Classifying food as fruit or a vegetable is a tricky business.

00:16:28 Do you know who invented t-shirts?

00:16:31 In 1904, the Cooper Underwear Company prepared an ad and introduced its new product with

00:16:37 before and after photos.

00:16:39 It was referred to as an undershirt.

00:16:42 The slogan was "No safety pins, no buttons, no needle, no thread."

00:16:47 As the name revealed, they were worn under the clothes.

00:16:51 One day it was announced that sailors should wear undershirts with no buttons under their

00:16:56 uniforms.

00:16:57 Underwear that loved spread like pollen at a park on a spring day.

00:17:01 Soon, thousands of men started wearing them.

00:17:04 Though t-shirts go back to the 19th century, now we have all adjusted to the comfort of

00:17:09 our cozy t-shirts.

00:17:12 Do you also wear t-shirts like the sailors?

00:17:18 The Mozilla Firefox logo is a fox embracing the planet.

00:17:23 The original browser's logo was a phoenix bird reborn from its flames designed in 2002.

00:17:29 Back then, the browser was named Mozilla Firebird.

00:17:33 Two years later, they changed the name to Firefox.

00:17:36 It's the English nickname for the red panda.

00:17:39 It's a rare and protected animal from Asia.

00:17:43 There's a bear standing on its hind legs hidden within the famous Toblerone logo.

00:17:48 The mountain-shaped chop it bar was created in Bern, the Swiss capital, by Emil Baumann

00:17:53 and Theodore Tobler.

00:17:55 It's nicknamed the City of Bears.

00:17:58 It has a bear featured on its coat of arms.

00:18:00 That's why this animal is featured in the image of the Matterhorn Mountain that inspired

00:18:04 the logo.

00:18:06 The image of a happy girl in Wendy's logo was inspired by the daughter of the fast food

00:18:11 chain's creator, Dave Thomas.

00:18:13 Wendy is her nickname.

00:18:15 If you look closer, you'll notice her collar spells out the word "Mom."

00:18:20 Whether intentional or not, it became something to mean a homely feel the restaurant gives

00:18:24 its guests.

00:18:26 9/41, set as the time in iPhone's ads, isn't a random choice of numbers.

00:18:32 In 2007, Steve Jobs first introduced the iPhone to the public after a 41-minute presentation

00:18:38 at exactly 9.41 a.m.

00:18:42 The first Apple logo was designed in 1976 and featured Sir Isaac Newton sitting under

00:18:47 a tree with an apple about to fall on his head.

00:18:51 It seemed too complex and unclear to many, so Steve Jobs wanted it replaced.

00:18:57 The designer of the new logo, Rob Yanov, made it an apple we all know today.

00:19:02 He was most likely inspired by the original logo but wanted to make it more simple.

00:19:07 He added the bite so that no one would confuse it with a cherry, a peach, or any other

00:19:11 round fruit with a stem.

00:19:13 Without realizing it, he added a fun pun to the logo.

00:19:17 Bite seems very much like the computer term.

00:19:20 Toyota's logo symbolizes the merge of the hearts of customers and the company.

00:19:26 Two overlapping ovals stand for "T" for Toyota and the steering wheel.

00:19:30 The outer oval is for the world-embracing Toyota.

00:19:33 The background space represents the infinite values of the company.

00:19:37 Great quality, value beyond expectation, the joy of driving, innovation and integrity and

00:19:44 safety, the environment, and social responsibility.

00:19:49 Life insurance for Apollo 11 astronauts cost a fortune since the mission was so risky and

00:19:54 unpredictable.

00:19:56 The astronauts couldn't afford it, so they signed hundreds of covers that their families

00:20:00 could sell to fund some big expenses in case anything went wrong.

00:20:05 Snickers candy bar was created by Frank Mars, founder of Mars Inc.

00:20:10 It was inspired by an already existing snack made of nougat, peanut, and caramel and named

00:20:16 after Mars' family horse.

00:20:19 Until 1990, they called it a "marathon candy bar" in the UK.

00:20:23 As soon as they switched the name to Snickers there, it went from the number one selling

00:20:27 candy bar in Britain to the number three.

00:20:31 When NBC's logo was developed, color televisions were revolutionary gadgets.

00:20:36 The logo with a rainbow of colors points it out.

00:20:39 The peacock illustrates the phrase "as proud as a peacock."

00:20:43 It was meant to show they were proud of their new color system.

00:20:47 The six different colors of the feathers represent the six different divisions of NBC.

00:20:53 The yellow arrow in the Amazon logo that starts at "A" and ends at "Z" shows you can buy

00:20:58 anything from them, from "A" to "Z."

00:21:01 It also looks like a smile, symbolizing the happiness of their customers.

00:21:05 The original name of the business was not Amazon, but Cadabra Inc.

00:21:10 Jeff Bezos experimented with different names for his website as well, and one of them,

00:21:16 Relentless.com, still redirects to Amazon.

00:21:20 Papa John's Pizza CEO, John Schnatter, started his business in a broom closet in a bar he

00:21:26 co-owned with his dad in Indiana in 1984.

00:21:31 Over the years, it has grown to the third largest pizza chain in the world, with 5,500

00:21:38 restaurants in 49 countries.

00:21:41 Baskin-Robbins has 31 different flavors, and the letters "B" and "R" in the logo hide

00:21:47 this number.

00:21:49 The "B" curve stands for three, and the stem of the "R" stands for one.

00:21:54 You can visit the first website ever created, called the World Wide Web Project, even today.

00:22:00 It went live in 1991 and now serves as a historical archive about the World Wide Web.

00:22:06 It doesn't have a single picture, just text.

00:22:10 The web itself was invented by Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, the European

00:22:16 Organization for Nuclear Research, in 1989.

00:22:20 The first product ever scanned at a supermarket was a 10-pack of Wrigley Juicy Fruit Gum in

00:22:26 1974, in Troy, Ohio.

00:22:29 The barcode was invented and patented back in 1952, but the idea only took off when its

00:22:34 inventor started working for IBM.

00:22:37 Until then, grocery clerks had to put a price sticker on every item, and cashiers had to

00:22:42 read those tags and type the price by hand.

00:22:45 The Quicksilver logo is a customized version of the Great Wave off Kanagawa.

00:22:50 A famous wood print by Japanese artist Hokusai.

00:22:55 When Quicksilver expanded their business and started a woman's brand Roxy, they mirrored

00:22:59 their logo so that one looks like a heart.

00:23:03 Until 2010, rural broadband internet was slower than carrier pigeons.

00:23:09 In a speed test, they let pigeons with USB sticks fly from a Yorkshire farm to cover

00:23:14 the distance of 50 miles.

00:23:16 They finished the race an hour and a quarter later.

00:23:19 By this time, only 24% of a 300 megabyte file had been uploaded.

00:23:24 Picasa lets you organize and view your images online, and its logo is more than a simple

00:23:30 colorful camera shutter.

00:23:32 The white space in the middle forms a house, meaning it will be a safe home for your photos.

00:23:38 It also has a house, or casa in its name, and P stands for pixels.

00:23:44 Letters L and G in the LG logo form a human face, L is the nose, and G represents the

00:23:50 rest of it.

00:23:51 They call it the face of the future.

00:23:53 And the idea was to give the brand some human elements and make it friendlier.

00:23:58 Many tech companies test their new products in New Zealand.

00:24:02 It's an ethnically diverse country with English-speaking people, and most importantly, it's so isolated,

00:24:08 news about product failure won't spread quickly.

00:24:12 FedEx's logo might seem basic when it comes to its colors and font, but it's hiding an

00:24:17 arrow between the letters E and X.

00:24:19 It stands for speed, accuracy, striving for perfection, and perseverance in achieving

00:24:25 goals.

00:24:27 The four rings in the Audi logo represent the four companies that blended together to

00:24:31 form it.

00:24:32 Audi, DKW, Porsche, and Wanderer.

00:24:37 The latter started as a bicycle repair shop.

00:24:40 Gillette Company, famous for its razors, wanted their logo to be as sharp and precise as possible.

00:24:46 This is how they ended up with a cut between G and I that forms blade-like shapes on top

00:24:51 of each other.

00:24:53 Black and white colors in the logo symbolize the elegance, purity, prestige, and excellence

00:24:58 of the products.

00:25:01 Some people have a fear of technology, aka technophobia.

00:25:05 Now it mostly has to do with complex new devices like computers, but it has its roots back

00:25:10 in the time of the Industrial Revolution.

00:25:12 It began in the 18th century when workers were afraid new machines would take their

00:25:16 jobs.

00:25:18 Google rents goats from a special company in California to mow their lawns.

00:25:23 They bring about 200 goats to Google headquarters at Mountain View.

00:25:27 It takes them around one week to eat all the unnecessary grass and fertilize the land.

00:25:33 The founders of Domino's were originally planning to add a dot to the Domino's in the logo for

00:25:37 every new place they opened.

00:25:39 But it was growing way too fast and too big for that, so they decided to keep just three

00:25:44 dots for the three original locations.

00:25:48 In 2004, @ became the first new character to be added to Morse code for the first time

00:25:54 in at least 60 years.

00:25:56 It consists of the signals for A and C with no break in between, so you can spell your

00:26:01 email in Morse code now if you ever have to.

00:26:05 In its 150-year history, Levi's had eight logo redesigns.

00:26:10 The first one was called the Two Horse Brand.

00:26:12 It had a lot of detail in it.

00:26:15 The current logo, known as Batwing, is over 50 years old and represents the shape of a

00:26:19 pocket you can find on every pair of Levi's jeans.

00:26:23 It's supposed to give a youthful yet timeless feel.

00:26:27 Evernote app stores your notes and has an elephant for its logo, because the saying

00:26:32 goes, "An elephant never forgets."

00:26:34 And these animals do have an impressive memory.

00:26:37 The ear on the elephant is curled over, like a post-it note.

00:26:42 The H in the Hyundai logo isn't just for the company's name.

00:26:45 It's the outlines of two people firmly shaking hands.

00:26:48 It's an exchange of trust between the company and its customers.

00:26:52 The oval around the figures is a symbol of Hyundai's global expansion.

00:26:56 The silver color symbolizes sophistication and perfection.

00:27:00 The digital blue version reflects reliability and excellence.

00:27:05 Lacoste got its iconic logo thanks to a bet René Lacoste, co-founder of the company and

00:27:10 tennis player made with the captain of the French Davis Cup team.

00:27:13 The captain promised to give Lacoste a crocodile-skin suitcase if he won the match.

00:27:18 Lacoste didn't win, but got his nickname Crocodile out of it.

00:27:22 He had a crocodile embroidered on his tennis court blazer.

00:27:25 When it was time to launch his apparel brand, the crocodile came in handy.

00:27:30 Oreos are the world's most popular manufactured cookie, with over 40 billion pieces produced

00:27:35 every year.

00:27:37 Originally, they were sold by weight at the price of $2.35 for 9 and a quarter pounds.

00:27:44 A circle topped with a two-bar cross stamped on each cookie is an Abisko logo that is a

00:27:49 European symbol of quality.

00:27:52 When Michael Dell started his company in 1984, he planned to turn the world on its ear with

00:27:57 his business.

00:27:58 That's why the E in Dell's logo is slanted.

00:28:01 The blue color stands for loyalty, trustworthiness, confidence, and intelligence.

00:28:07 The first mechanical alarm clock could only ring at one time, at 4 a.m.

00:28:12 It was invented by Levi Hutchins in 1787 in Concord, New Hampshire.

00:28:17 Hutchins designed the device to wake him up for work.

00:28:21 The early prototype of alarm clocks was invented by the Greeks in 250 BCE.

00:28:26 They used rising water to bring a whistle into action.

00:28:29 Airbnb's logo isn't a bent paper clip.

00:28:32 It's called a bellow, for belonging.

00:28:35 It's a person's head, the location symbol, a pin, and a heart for love.

00:28:39 Together, these symbols make Airbnb's famous A.

00:28:44 In 2006, Qatar Telecom organized a charity auction, where they sold the phone number

00:28:50 666-66-66 to an anonymous bidder for $2.75 million.

00:28:57 It became the most expensive phone number in the world.

00:29:01 Segway polo is a legit sport with functional teams from all corners of the globe.

00:29:06 It doesn't require a particular fitness level, has no age restrictions, and is gaining popularity.

00:29:13 There are four 8-minute sections of the game, and the goal is to knock the ball into the

00:29:16 goal using a special hammer.

00:29:20 If you take a closer look at the Tour de France logo, you'll notice a cyclist hiding in the

00:29:24 O, U, and R. The second hidden message here is the yellow circle, representing the stages

00:29:30 of the race that only occur during the daytime.

00:29:34 Phantom Vibration Syndrome is how you call that feeling when you think your phone is

00:29:38 vibrating, but it isn't.

00:29:40 If you often experience that, it might be a sign you're over-involved with your phone.

00:29:45 Sony VAIO logo symbolizes the integration of analog and digital technologies in its

00:29:50 products.

00:29:51 The letters V and A look like an analog wave.

00:29:54 The letters I and O are there to resemble the numbers 1 and 0 for a digital signal or

00:29:59 binary code.

00:30:02 The original Xbox had edited sound bites from actual transmissions from the Apollo space

00:30:06 missions.

00:30:07 If you left it on the home screen, you'd eventually hear fragments of real chatter from the mission.

00:30:14 Pinterest lets you pin stuff you find interesting to your online boards.

00:30:18 Its logo shows exactly that.

00:30:19 It's a pin design hidden in the letter P. Pin-shaped Ps are an important part of Pinterest

00:30:25 branding, to get people to pin more things by mimicking the action of pushing a pin into

00:30:29 a board.

00:30:31 Pepsi spent around $1 million to design its logo with many secret meanings.

00:30:36 It hints at Feng Shui, the Renaissance, the Earth's magnetic field, the theory of relativity,

00:30:42 Mona Lisa, and the Parthenon.

00:30:45 Among other things, it is supposed to serve as the key to the universe.

00:30:49 Nintendo was founded back in 1889, long before computers, as a playing card company.

00:30:56 They still produce those in Japan and even organize a bridge tournament called the Nintendo

00:31:01 Cup.

00:31:02 In 1973, a Motorola engineer made the first cell phone call in history from 6th Avenue

00:31:08 in New York City.

00:31:09 He was using a 2.5-pound prototype to call a rival from Bell Laboratories.

00:31:15 There was silence at the other end of the line.

00:31:17 The phone was almost the size of a shoebox, allowed its owner to talk for 35 hours, and

00:31:22 needed 10 hours to recharge.

00:31:25 The first commercial text message in history was sent on December 3, 1992, and was wishing

00:31:30 happy holidays to the recipient, who was a Vodafone employee.

00:31:34 Now the average number of texts sent is 6 billion per day.

00:31:38 Apple used to have its clothing line in 1986, called the Apple Collection.

00:31:43 They did it one year after Steve Jobs' temporary resignation.

00:31:47 The idea was to see how far their fans would go in buying branded clothing, accessories,

00:31:51 and lifestyle items.

00:31:54 The horizontal lines in the IBM logo remind those times when photocopies had difficulties

00:31:58 reproducing large blocks of solid ink.

00:32:01 Originally, there were 13 lines in the logo, but then they reduced the number to 8 as they

00:32:06 had ink bleeding problems with the 13 lines in their print media.

00:32:11 The serif on the bottom of the M has an equal sign to show they value equality.

00:32:16 Five megabytes of data used to weigh one ton.

00:32:19 In 1953, engineers in IBM's laboratory invented the first hard drive.

00:32:25 The cabinet containing it weighed over 2,200 pounds and could hold just five megabytes

00:32:30 of data.

00:32:32 McDonald's logo isn't just a letter M, but also the symbol of the original golden

00:32:37 arches of the restaurant chain.

00:32:39 They realized prospective customers could see them well from the highway and would stop

00:32:43 by.

00:32:44 The world's first computer mouse was invented in 1964 and called XY Position Indicator for

00:32:50 display systems.

00:32:52 It was rectangular and made from wood with a little button on the top right.

00:32:56 The inventor, Doug Engelbart, called it a mouse because of the cord coming from it that

00:33:00 looked like that of a mouse.

00:33:03 The name Mitsubishi is a combination of Mitsu, which means three, and Hishi, which means

00:33:08 water chestnut.

00:33:10 The Japanese used this word to denote a diamond shape, so put together, the brand name translates

00:33:16 as three diamonds.

00:33:18 The shield shape of the NFL logo symbolizes the league's commitment to the highest standard

00:33:22 of sporting entertainment.

00:33:24 The eight stars stand for the eight divisions currently used in the NFL.

00:33:29 The first word that has ever been autocorrected was "teh".

00:33:32 To do it, you had to press the left arrow and F3.

00:33:37 Northwest Airlines logo has an N and a W in negative spaces.

00:33:41 The triangle in the circle is a compass that points northwest.

00:33:45 The airlines were flying up high from 1926 until 2010 when they merged with Delta.

00:33:52 A study from Beth Israel Medical Center in New York showed that surgeons who grew up

00:33:57 playing video games more than three hours per week make 37% fewer errors, perform 27%

00:34:03 faster, and scored 42% better at the test of surgical skills.

00:34:08 The Mercedes-Benz brand is a product of merging the companies of Gottlieb Daimler and Carl

00:34:13 Benz.

00:34:14 Benz Company's logo that was Benz lettering, surrounded by a laurel wreath, was registered

00:34:19 as a trademark in 1909.

00:34:22 Daimler had a Mercedes star for a logo.

00:34:25 When the companies merged in 1925, they got a new shared logo of Daimler's Mercedes star

00:34:30 in Benz's laurel wreath.

00:34:32 The star has three points that represent land, sea, and air.

00:34:36 These are the three environments the company originally planned to dominate.

00:34:41 Carrefour translates into English as "crossroads" and has a logical logo of two stylized arrows,

00:34:47 symbolizing the different directions you can tail.

00:34:50 The logo is in the French national colors of red, blue, and white.

00:34:54 In the white space between the arrows forms the letter C.

00:34:58 Salvador Dali designed the Chupa Chups lollipop's logo.

00:35:02 The artist put the existing text on a colored daisy-shaped background.

00:35:05 He also wanted to move the logo to the top of the lollipop wrapper from the side, so

00:35:10 that it would always be intact and visible to buyers.

00:35:13 The first ever computer virus was developed in 1971.

00:35:17 It was named the "Creeper Program" and designed as a security test to see how it

00:35:22 would spread between computers.

00:35:25 Samsung was founded as a grocery store on March 1, 1938, which makes it 38 years and

00:35:31 one month older than Apple.

00:35:33 Founded on April 1, 1976.

00:35:36 The first phone was released to the public back in 1874.

00:35:40 It took three years for it to be in the homes of around 50,000 people and another 75 years

00:35:45 to get to the 50 million people point.

00:35:47 It only took the radio 38 years to get to the same number and television made it in

00:35:52 just 13 years.

00:35:54 The Google logo seems pretty basic when it comes to colors.

00:35:58 There's primary red, yellow, and blue, but they also added green that interrupts the

00:36:02 primary color scheme.

00:36:03 It's supposed to show that Google is an innovator that doesn't do what's expected of it and

00:36:08 is unique from other companies.

00:36:10 Shell Oil Giant has been around since 1904 and its yellow-red logo has changed a lot

00:36:16 over the years.

00:36:17 The original one was a more realistic picture of a Pac-10 shell.

00:36:21 The current logo is more stylized.

00:36:27 Now with selfies taking over the social media world, phone companies had to adapt to the

00:36:32 way people hold their phones and use their cameras.

00:36:35 Apparently, most users tilt their heads slightly to the right when taking selfies.

00:36:39 With the camera located in the left corner, it makes it easier to make sure the camera

00:36:43 will be in line with the usual tilt of selfie-takers.

00:36:49 This allows for a more natural look, making the image look better to leave you feeling

00:36:53 great.

00:36:55 Cameras on the back of most phones are on the left side as well.

00:36:58 Sorry, left-handers, this was designed for the more common right-hander.

00:37:03 Mount Everest might be getting all the attention, but Mauna Kea in Hawaii is technically the

00:37:08 tallest mountain in the world.

00:37:11 Measuring over 33,000 feet from base to summit, the only thing holding Mauna Kea back from

00:37:16 the title is that it's mostly underwater.

00:37:20 Australia is wider than the Moon.

00:37:22 The Moon has a diameter of over 2,100 miles, while Australia's diameter from coast to

00:37:27 coast is almost 2,500 miles.

00:37:31 While it may be wider, the Moon wins with the land area – over 15 million square miles!

00:37:37 Phew, that's huge!

00:37:41 Antididaphobia is the fear that, at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or goose may

00:37:47 be watching you.

00:37:49 The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get too close to them

00:37:53 or even touch them.

00:37:54 They just don't like the feeling of being watched.

00:37:58 It was first described in a comic strip to show how anyone can be afraid of anything.

00:38:03 Anything can be a phobia.

00:38:05 A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.

00:38:09 I might just quack up.

00:38:12 Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have even been found to remember

00:38:16 people for a long time.

00:38:19 This could be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.

00:38:23 You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.

00:38:26 You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily, so it might be better to play

00:38:31 it safe and just give them all a little wave.

00:38:36 In the city of Yoro, in Central America, they have an annual event known as the "Rain of

00:38:41 Fish."

00:38:42 Not that the locals get a choice for it, anyways.

00:38:46 Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through town, leaving a mass of fish

00:38:51 flopping around in the streets.

00:38:54 The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes, which drop

00:38:58 the fish far from home.

00:39:00 Beefu delivery for free?

00:39:02 Yes please!

00:39:03 A photon, the most basic part of light, takes thousands, maybe millions of years to travel

00:39:08 from the Sun's core to its surface.

00:39:11 But it only takes 8 minutes and 20 seconds, on average, to get to your eye once it's

00:39:16 at the surface.

00:39:17 That means that the sunlight we see is very ancient, older than the human race itself.

00:39:23 There are only four words in the English language which end in -dos.

00:39:27 Tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.

00:39:32 Sounds like the teacher's comment on my report card.

00:39:35 A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.

00:39:39 It's called a spaghetto.

00:39:41 In the Italian language, an "i" at the end of the word means that it's plural, while

00:39:46 an "o" is singular.

00:39:48 This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi, fettuccino instead of fettuccini,

00:39:54 and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.

00:39:59 Accidentally eating one of those fruit stickers on apples, peaches, and pears shouldn't worry

00:40:03 you at all.

00:40:05 They can be eaten, but they aren't exactly edible.

00:40:08 It'll just leave your body as everything else does.

00:40:11 The glue used for them is regulated by the FDA, but it's still recommended that you wash

00:40:16 the fruit and remove the sticker before chomping down on it.

00:40:21 Dolphins not only have names for each other, but they'll call out for their friends specifically.

00:40:28 Makes you wonder what names dolphins have for us when we get in the water.

00:40:32 "Hey, look Frank, those hairless monkeys are back in the water again!"

00:40:37 German chocolate cake is one of the most delicious cakes out there.

00:40:41 It's my all-time favorite.

00:40:43 But its name has nothing to do with the country at all.

00:40:47 Named after an American baker called Samuel German, who made the tasty treat in 1852.

00:40:54 The Eiffel Tower can be 6 inches taller during the summer because of thermal expansion.

00:41:00 When the iron heats up during really hot days, the iron particles expand, taking up even

00:41:04 more space.

00:41:07 Two planets in our solar system rotate the opposite way as the others.

00:41:11 Venus and Uranus have this backward rotation.

00:41:15 Venus also has the longest day of any planet in our solar system, completing a rotation

00:41:20 every 243 Earth days.

00:41:24 A baby puffin has the adorable name of "Puffling".

00:41:28 To feed its chick, the puffin parent will carry about 10 fish in its beak at a time.

00:41:35 While you sleep, you can't smell anything.

00:41:38 Even really, really bad or potent smells.

00:41:43 Our taste and smell senses are cut down by 50-20% during flights.

00:41:48 This is why airplane food always tastes like cardboard or too salty.

00:41:52 Sounds like a pretty convenient excuse from the airlines to me.

00:41:57 Look at any watch advertisements, and the time on display should be 10.10.

00:42:02 This is because of the positive effect it has.

00:42:05 It looks like a smile, and usually, the brand name of the watch is directly below the 12.

00:42:12 Stewardesses is the longest word that is typed with only the left side of the keyboard.

00:42:16 The word itself isn't used much anymore.

00:42:19 Most people say "flight attendant" instead.

00:42:22 Those dum-dums who call out "Hey, you!" are normally invited to exit the aircraft

00:42:26 mid-flight.

00:42:28 The longest English word is a crazy 189-819 letters long.

00:42:34 I won't spell it out here, but it's the full name for the large protein nicknamed

00:42:38 "Titan".

00:42:40 To say this out loud would take over 3 hours.

00:42:43 So grab a snack and settle back because we're gonna be here for a while.

00:42:47 Nah, I wouldn't do that to you.

00:42:50 Eunoia at 6 letters long is the shortest word in the English language that contains all

00:42:55 5 main vowels.

00:42:58 Eunoia means "beautiful thinking" or "well-mined".

00:43:01 It's rarely used these days in the medical field.

00:43:05 And if you add two of them, you'd then have a para-eunoia.

00:43:07 Nah, not really.

00:43:11 Glass balls can bounce higher than rubber ones.

00:43:14 When a rubber ball hits a surface, it deforms before returning to its original shape.

00:43:19 And a lot of energy is lost in this process.

00:43:22 A glass ball doesn't compress at all, keeping a lot of its energy for the bounce back up.

00:43:27 Here's a flash – kangaroos can't walk backward.

00:43:32 Their long feet and heavy tail make walking impossible, forward or backward.

00:43:37 They can move side to side with incredible agility, but jumping back is impossible because

00:43:42 of that large muscular tail.

00:43:45 So let's go to the hop!

00:43:49 The loneliest creature on Earth is a whale that's been calling for a mate for a long

00:43:53 time.

00:43:55 Researchers identified the whale's abnormally high call decades ago, and it's believed

00:43:59 to have never received a response.

00:44:03 The unknown whale is called "lonely" because it communicates at a frequency not used by

00:44:07 any other whale in the Pacific Ocean.

00:44:10 How sad!

00:44:11 Meanwhile, the lyrebird can mimic almost any sound it hears, including chainsaws.

00:44:19 The Australian species not only copy other birds, but other animals too – like koalas

00:44:25 and dogs.

00:44:28 In captivity, they'll also copy artificial sounds, such as car alarms, trucks, and chainsaws.

00:44:37 The Northern Hemisphere holds roughly 90% of the world's population.

00:44:42 No wonder the streets are so crowded up here!

00:44:45 The cougar goes by more names than any other animal.

00:44:49 The cougar has been given over 80 names – the puma, mountain lion, panther, and catamount

00:44:55 are all the same thing.

00:44:57 Just don't confuse them with bobcats, lynxes, jaguars, or leopards – they don't appreciate

00:45:02 that.

00:45:03 Most people can't lick their own elbow.

00:45:06 The length of your arm, combined with the flexibility of your joints, makes this impossible

00:45:11 for many.

00:45:12 Your elbow is just far enough down on your arm that you can't reach it.

00:45:16 Go ahead, try it!

00:45:18 I'll wait.

00:45:19 Okay, time's up.

00:45:21 Octopuses and squids have beaks like birds.

00:45:24 The beak is made of the same material that our fingernails are made of – keratin.

00:45:29 They can also fit through anything that their beak can, making them the ultimate escape

00:45:33 artist.

00:45:34 Not you, Houdini!

00:45:37 There are over 31 million seconds in a year.

00:45:41 We recently discovered this tiny chameleon in Madagascar.

00:45:45 At less than an inch long, it's the size of a seed and could fit easily on the tip

00:45:50 of your finger.

00:45:51 It's nicknamed the "nano-lizard" and shows how many tiny creatures could be hiding

00:45:56 out undiscovered, away from the eyes of scientists and researchers.

00:46:01 11 + 2 = 13, of course.

00:46:05 And 12 + 1 = 13.

00:46:08 The 13 letters that make up these phrases equal each other in more ways than one.

00:46:13 They are actually anagrams of each other.

00:46:16 Wow.

00:46:17 Anagrams, homonyms, and antidiphobia.

00:46:19 That's a mouthful, but not as sweet as my German chocolate cake.

00:46:24 Hey, I'll take seconds!

00:46:28 Why is the myth "dogs are colorblind" so widely accepted?

00:46:32 They do see colors, even though they have a more limited spectrum than we do.

00:46:36 They see blue, yellow, and violet pretty well, but it's hard for them to tell the difference

00:46:40 between orange, red, and green.

00:46:43 So if you want to redecorate your dog's house, maybe you should stick to purple and

00:46:47 blue shades.

00:46:49 Animals, plants, and humans were all actually connected and have common traits because we've

00:46:55 all evolved from the same micro-ancestor.

00:46:58 This would be our planet's original ancestor, LUCA.

00:47:02 This stands for the Last Universal Common Ancestor, which is a 3.8 billion year old

00:47:07 organism.

00:47:09 Closing the eyes can improve your memory.

00:47:12 Let's say you want to listen to a story and see how much you can remember.

00:47:16 Studies show that if you close your eyes and take a 15-minute rest, you'll remember it

00:47:20 better.

00:47:21 A good technique for when you're studying or trying to remember some boring information.

00:47:27 The pink corner of your eye is actually the remnant of the third eyelid.

00:47:32 We all have this mysterious membrane.

00:47:34 The third eyelid is way more prominent in certain mammals and birds since it protects

00:47:39 their eyes from dust.

00:47:40 But for humans, this tissue doesn't have any particular meaning, so scientists believe

00:47:45 we'll eventually lose it.

00:47:48 When potatoes are exposed to too much light, they mostly turn green, whether they're in

00:47:53 a factory, storage, or a field.

00:47:56 This happens because they start to form chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants green color.

00:48:01 So when you see green potato chips, it means they were made from one of these potatoes

00:48:05 that were exposed to light for a longer time.

00:48:09 But just because some green potato chips made it into the bag doesn't mean you should eat

00:48:13 them.

00:48:14 As it turns out, the green areas on potatoes and on chips are not good for you.

00:48:19 Nothing's going to happen if you eat one or two of these green potato chips.

00:48:22 But if you eat too much of a green potato, you might experience some discomfort.

00:48:28 Despite their name, some oranges are not orange.

00:48:32 Some initially contain large amounts of chlorophyll, which makes this citrus green-colored in the

00:48:37 first place.

00:48:38 As it matures and ripens, the chlorophyll slowly disappears as the fruit is exposed

00:48:43 to cool temperatures.

00:48:45 That's when it gets its color.

00:48:46 But this is also why in warm areas across the world, oranges remain green.

00:48:53 If you've ordered something small from Amazon, like a pen, a single book, or something else,

00:48:59 you might have got it in a box that seemed way too big for your item.

00:49:03 And it's not an accident, nor random.

00:49:06 It's because of their complex shipping algorithm.

00:49:08 It takes into account the size of other packages going to the same place, as well as the size

00:49:13 of the shipping vehicle.

00:49:15 The small item gets a box size that will fit the space inside the vehicle together with

00:49:19 other packages, and keep boxes from sliding around.

00:49:25 Physicist and inventor Percy Spencer discovered microwaves by accident.

00:49:30 He was building a magnetron for some of his radar equipment.

00:49:33 At one moment, he realized the chocolate bar he had been keeping in his pocket had begun

00:49:37 to melt.

00:49:38 He was curious about what was going to happen next, so he directed microwaves at eggs, which

00:49:44 exploded, and popcorn, which popped.

00:49:47 This is how he discovered a great tool to heat food that uses less energy than a conventional

00:49:52 oven.

00:49:55 In its original version, the clay-like substance we call play-doh today was a wallpaper cleaner.

00:50:01 It was invented and sold for the purpose of lifting soot off of wallpaper.

00:50:05 At the time it first showed on the market, you could only get it in an off-white color,

00:50:10 but later they started selling it as a toy.

00:50:13 The substance was produced in yellow, blue, and red.

00:50:16 Today, you can get it in more than 50 colors.

00:50:21 Bubble wrap had a somewhat different purpose at its beginning.

00:50:24 It was supposed to be wallpaper.

00:50:26 In the 1950s when it first showed up, two engineers decided to glue two shower curtains

00:50:31 together.

00:50:32 That's how they trapped small bubbles of air between them.

00:50:35 They were trying to create some sort of textured wallpaper, but it didn't take off.

00:50:40 A couple years later, IBM had to ship some data processors and needed something to protect

00:50:45 them, which is when the phenomenon of bubble wrap came up.

00:50:49 One study showed that one minute of popping bubble wrap is as calming as a 30-minute massage.

00:50:56 Why don't electric fans cool the air?

00:50:58 You could set a thermometer in front of it and choose a turbo mode, but the temperature

00:51:03 won't go down.

00:51:04 In fact, the temperature might even go up if you leave the thermometer next to the working

00:51:08 parts thanks to the electric current.

00:51:11 A fan won't cool the air, but it will cool you or any other object with water inside.

00:51:16 An electric fan improves air circulation in a closed space, plus it speeds up evaporation,

00:51:23 which makes liquids, including the sweat on your skin, a bit cooler.

00:51:28 Have you noticed pen caps have tiny holes on the top?

00:51:32 It seems random at first, but it's actually a lifesaver.

00:51:35 If you can accidentally swallow this cap, the hole ensures you can continue breathing

00:51:40 because the cap won't completely block the airway.

00:51:45 If you take a closer look at the night sky, you'll see stars come in different shapes

00:51:49 and sizes.

00:51:51 White is the most prevalent color, true, but they sparkle in shades of red, blue, and yellow

00:51:56 too.

00:51:57 But you won't see a green star.

00:51:58 It's not that stars don't emit green light, it's just that our eyes don't see it like

00:52:03 that.

00:52:04 Stars vary in colors when they burn at different temperatures.

00:52:07 The hottest stars appear blue, while the coolest stars seem to burn in red hues, but they all

00:52:13 shine in multiple colors.

00:52:15 They emit different light wavelengths that represent various parts of the color spectrum.

00:52:21 We can't all perceive those wavelengths separately, we only see the dominant light wavelength,

00:52:26 which means the dominant color.

00:52:28 So stars of medium heat emit green photons in most cases, but they just don't appear

00:52:34 green.

00:52:35 When we try to process something that generates red, green, blue, and yellow photons at once,

00:52:40 our eyes see it as white.

00:52:42 That's the same reason why mid-temperature stars, such as our sun, appear white to us.

00:52:50 Why do we blink?

00:52:51 To moisten and cleanse the eye, that's for sure.

00:52:54 Every time you close your eyelids, the tear glands secrete a salty substance that sweeps

00:52:59 over the surface of your eye.

00:53:01 It then flushes away all those tiny dust particles and also lubricates the exposed parts of your

00:53:06 eyeball.

00:53:07 We usually blink every 4 to 6 seconds, unless the eyes are more irritated.

00:53:12 Then we blink more frequently to keep them moist and clean.

00:53:16 But not just that, blinking also helps our brain to reset.

00:53:20 It has to process so many things all the time, so it's fair to give it a break from time

00:53:24 to time.

00:53:26 So blinking rescues our brain around 15 to 20 times per minute.

00:53:30 When we shut our eyes, we help our brain to power down and take a very short but still

00:53:35 effective mental break.

00:53:37 That's why we blink more when we're in the middle of a task that demands some serious

00:53:41 mental activity.

00:53:44 Why do we have nails?

00:53:45 They're generally made of a specific type of protein you can find in fur, hair, claws,

00:53:51 and hooves.

00:53:52 It's called keratin, and unlike claws, nails are flat and wide, so they're more effective

00:53:57 at shielding the tips of toes and fingers from potential injuries.

00:54:02 Fingernails not only protect sensitive areas but also provide a rigid backing so you can

00:54:08 take and separate small objects more easily.

00:54:11 How would you pick up a single jigsaw piece or peel a sticker from its backing without

00:54:16 nails?

00:54:17 It would be almost impossible without additional tools.

00:54:20 Apes and monkeys use their feet for such delicate tasks too.

00:54:24 Primates have probably evolved nails because they needed help with simple tasks such as

00:54:29 grasping branches tightly and removing ticks.

00:54:32 Raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and cherries are not berries.

00:54:37 To classify a berry, they have to have three layers - a protective outer one, a fleshy

00:54:42 one in the middle, and finally, an inner part where you can find the seeds.

00:54:46 Also, a plant must come from a flower with just one ovary and have two or more seeds.

00:54:52 So, by this criteria, cranberries and blueberries are berries.

00:54:58 Together with some more plants, you wouldn't expect to be in this category - kiwis, bananas,

00:55:03 watermelons, tomatoes, eggplants, and even peppers!

00:55:08 You've probably heard - your ears and nose are those body parts that never stop growing.

00:55:13 This happens because the effects of skin changes and gravity.

00:55:17 Other parts of your body change in the same ways, but you can't see it as well as you

00:55:21 can see what's happening with your nose and ears.

00:55:24 You'd need a drop of liquid, a state-of-the-art laser 3D printer, and a couple of hours of

00:55:29 work to make the tiniest fidget spinner ever.

00:55:32 Its width will be smaller than that of your hair strand.

00:55:34 At least researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed to do just that.

00:55:40 A double-stuffed Oreo cookie aren't double-stuffed, in fact.

00:55:44 A math teacher weighed 10 regular Oreos, 10 double-stuffed Oreos, 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.

00:55:50 Turns out, double-stuffed Oreos are only 1.86 stuffed Oreos.

00:55:57 Chipotle peppers aren't some special type of pepper.

00:56:00 They're good old jalapenos.

00:56:01 Dried and smoked jalapeno is Chipotle.

00:56:05 In its gaseous form, oxygen is colorless and doesn't have any odor.

00:56:10 But when it's liquid or solid, this substance looks pale blue.

00:56:15 After being caught by a black hole, a star gets ripped apart by its enormous gravitational

00:56:20 forces.

00:56:21 Some parts of the star's remains hurtle into the black hole.

00:56:25 The rest, in the form of a huge jet of plasma, is ejected with such force that it travels

00:56:30 hundreds of light-years away.

00:56:34 Not so long ago, scientists decided the Deinos family tree had to be redrawn for the first

00:56:39 time in 130 years.

00:56:42 Apparently, two species of dinosaurs had to be grouped together from the very beginning.

00:56:47 Those were the lizard-hipped meat-eaters like T. rex and bird-hipped vegetarians such as

00:56:53 the stegosaurus.

00:56:55 A camel can drink up to 30 gallons of water in a bit more than 10 minutes.

00:57:00 This water is stored in the animal's bloodstream.

00:57:03 As for its fatty hump, it provides the camel with nourishment when there's little food

00:57:07 around.

00:57:08 Some sea animals like salmon or turtles use our planet's magnetic field to find their

00:57:13 way home.

00:57:16 Your lungs not only help you breathe, but they also produce blood cells.

00:57:20 These cells are responsible for the clotting which stops bleeding.

00:57:24 The lungs make more than 10 million of these tiny cells per hour.

00:57:30 Only two letters never appear on the periodic table.

00:57:34 Those are J and Q.

00:57:37 Spin a ball when you drop it and it'll fly through the air while falling.

00:57:41 This phenomenon is known as the Magnus effect.

00:57:45 You can see it at work in different sports, for example tennis or baseball.

00:57:52 Anitidaphobia is the fear that at any point, somewhere in the world, a duck or a goose

00:57:58 may be watching you.

00:58:00 The person isn't necessarily afraid that the duck or goose will get close to them or even

00:58:05 touch them.

00:58:06 They just don't like the feeling of being watched.

00:58:10 It was first described in a comic strip to show you how anyone can be afraid of anything.

00:58:16 Anything can be a phobia.

00:58:17 A duck just watching my every move would certainly give me the heebie-jeebies.

00:58:21 I might just quack up.

00:58:25 Your favorite fruit candies may be shining because they're covered with carnauba wax.

00:58:31 Many fruits, especially apples, have a thin layer of this wax too.

00:58:35 Not only can it make the candies and fruit appear glossy, but it also makes your car

00:58:40 shine.

00:58:42 Peaches and nectarines seem different, but in fact, they're pretty much the same fruit.

00:58:48 If the fluffiness gene is dominant, we get peaches.

00:58:51 If not, we get smooth nectarines.

00:58:56 Crows are pretty good at recognizing people's faces and have been found to remember people

00:59:01 for a long time.

00:59:03 This could be a good or a bad thing, depending on how nice you are to them.

00:59:07 You don't want to come across a crow that's holding a grudge against you.

00:59:10 You probably can't tell which crow is which very easily, so it might be better to play

00:59:15 it safe and just give them a little wave.

00:59:20 In the city of Yoro in Central America, they have an annual event known as the Rain of

00:59:25 Fish.

00:59:27 Not that the locals get a choice for it anyways.

00:59:29 Every year in May or June, a torrential rainstorm rolls through the town, leaving a mass of

00:59:35 fish flopping around in the streets.

00:59:38 The phenomenon is believed to be caused by water spouts or water tornadoes which drop

00:59:43 the fish far from their home.

00:59:45 Seafood delivery for free?

00:59:47 Yes please!

00:59:49 A single strand of spaghetti onto your fork has a name.

00:59:53 It's called a spaghetto.

00:59:55 In the Italian language, an "i" at the end of a word means that it's plural, while

01:00:00 an "o" is singular.

01:00:02 This goes for all types, like gnocco instead of gnocchi, fettuccino instead of fettuccine,

01:00:09 and raviolo for a single parcel of goodness.

01:00:14 Water can freeze and boil at the same time.

01:00:17 This is called the triple point.

01:00:19 That's when a substance can be solid, liquid, and gaseous at the same time.

01:00:24 But there's only one pressure temperature that can make it possible.

01:00:29 We're used to ranch dressing being white, but in reality, producers usually add titanium

01:00:35 dioxide to make it as white as your sunscreen.

01:00:38 Oh, sunscreen producers add some titanium dioxide to their products too.

01:00:43 Same with Caesar and blue cheese dressings.

01:00:48 Our moon used to have an atmosphere.

01:00:51 Territorial volcanic eruptions happened on Earth's natural satellite around 4 billion

01:00:55 years ago.

01:00:56 They released immense volumes of gas, trillions of tons.

01:01:00 It was so much that the gas didn't have enough time to escape into space.

01:01:04 That's how an atmosphere was formed.

01:01:08 Cold water heats up faster than hot.

01:01:10 The speed of this process depends on the temperature difference between the liquid and its surroundings.

01:01:16 That's why cold water needs less time to absorb heat, but it doesn't mean it'll

01:01:20 boil faster than hot water.

01:01:24 Zealandia is a drowned continent in the Pacific Ocean.

01:01:27 It's often described as a continental fragment or a microcontinent.

01:01:32 Its area is almost 2 million square miles, about half as big as the US.

01:01:38 It went underwater about 23 million years ago.

01:01:41 New Zealand is Zealandia's largest part that remains above sea level.

01:01:47 People are still evolving.

01:01:49 Scientists have been tracking several millions of human anomalies.

01:01:52 It turns out some harmful genes are slowly but surely getting filtered out of human DNA.

01:02:01 Stars look as if they're twinkling because of the turbulence in Earth's atmosphere.

01:02:05 It makes the light from the stars move in a different direction before reaching our

01:02:09 eyes, and this looks as if the light is shaking.

01:02:14 It takes water 1,000 years to complete its continuous journey around the world.

01:02:19 The whole process is known as the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt.

01:02:24 Bismuth is a brittle, shiny white metal with a pink tinge.

01:02:29 If you melt it and then let it cool really slowly, it'll form iridescent cubic crystals.

01:02:35 Those Skittles and M&M candies are colored with beetles.

01:02:41 Red food dye is made of carmine, which is made with cochineal beetles.

01:02:46 Red lipsticks are made with these beetles too.

01:02:50 The rocks, metals, and other minerals and things that make up the planet are packed

01:02:55 into the ground more tightly in certain places than in others.

01:02:59 This has surprising consequences.

01:03:01 Gravity varies slightly depending on where you are.

01:03:05 How high up you are also has an effect, so if you're at the top of Mount Everest, you'd

01:03:10 also weigh slightly less.

01:03:12 Don't look down!

01:03:15 One scientist has a theory that a substance existed in ancient microbes before chlorophyll

01:03:19 (that's the thing that makes plants green) evolved on Earth.

01:03:23 This substance reflected sunlight as red and violet colors, which combined to make purple.

01:03:29 If true, the young Earth may have been teeming with strange purple-colored critters before

01:03:34 all the green stuff appeared.

01:03:37 Apples taste better when they're sliced because they're exposed to oxygen.

01:03:41 It activates the enzyme called polyphenol oxidase, responsible for ripening and visible

01:03:46 browning.

01:03:48 The same thing happens when you hit an apple.

01:03:50 The oxygen enters the apple through tiny cracks and it starts to ripen.

01:03:55 Are you into white chocolate?

01:03:56 Well, it's actually not even close to real chocolate.

01:03:59 It's basically a mixture of sugar, milk, vanilla, and cocoa butter.

01:04:04 Cocoa butter isn't enough for chocolate.

01:04:06 It should contain chocolate liquor or powder.

01:04:11 The only product that never expires even if you don't store it in the fridge is honey.

01:04:15 It has a low pH and lots of sugar.

01:04:18 That's why organisms that cause spoiling can't live in honey.

01:04:23 If two pieces of the same kind of metal touch in space, they bond and get stuck together.

01:04:28 It doesn't happen on Earth because water and air keeps pieces apart.

01:04:34 People are more honest when they're tired.

01:04:36 That's why most confessions are made during late-night conversations.

01:04:41 Firefighters usually extinguish flames with wet water.

01:04:45 It's water mixed with special wetting agents.

01:04:48 These are chemicals that help water soak into objects and spread everywhere more easily.

01:04:55 The sun is an average-sized star, and still it could fit 1,300,000 Earths.

01:05:01 The star is also 333,000 times as heavy as our planet.

01:05:08 People have been able to spell their emails in Morse code since 2004.

01:05:12 That's when a new symbol, "@", was added to the code for the first time.

01:05:17 The character is actually called a "comet" and consists of the "a" and "c" signals with

01:05:23 no break in between.

01:05:27 How can spiders survive when they lose a leg?

01:05:30 When they're in a dangerous situation and try to run away, they can lose legs and regrow

01:05:35 them only a couple months later.

01:05:38 They'll survive without any problem because most of the time, their legs come off at break

01:05:42 points.

01:05:43 Those are joints that contain muscles and constrict, which help spiders minimize blood

01:05:48 loss.

01:05:49 If they lose a leg at the part that comes before the break point, the spider still sheds

01:05:53 it, but it will lose more blood.

01:05:55 It will be harder for the animal to recover in this case.

01:05:58 Speaking of spiders, have you noticed how they sometimes stay extremely still for a

01:06:02 long time?

01:06:04 They're motionless while waiting for potential prey to land in their web.

01:06:08 When moving around, they waste energy and drive unnecessary attention to themselves.

01:06:13 Either a hungry bird praying for a quick snack will see it, or a spider will remain hungry

01:06:17 because flies will be less likely to come near their web.

01:06:21 When spinning a web, they waste a lot of energy.

01:06:24 Even after the web is finished, a spider may have to wait for days or weeks to catch something.

01:06:29 So it's important to save as much energy as possible.

01:06:33 Hunting spiders are way more active, but the majority of them are nocturnal predators.

01:06:38 They spend their days relaxing, tucked away under a rock or in a nest.

01:06:43 Roast potatoes can stay hot for a really long time, and this mostly has to do with the fatty,

01:06:48 starchy crust that's like some sort of an insulating layer.

01:06:52 When you pre-boil a potato, this causes its starch granules to absorb water and swell

01:06:57 until carb molecules seep out to produce this type of thick gel.

01:07:02 Since potatoes are in the oven, high temperatures drive off moisture.

01:07:06 This makes the gelatinized starch on the outside of the potato chunk and creates a crispy crust.

01:07:11 This crust traps the heat inside.

01:07:14 The fat from the baking tray collects in cracks too, and the heat-keeping structure stays

01:07:19 strong.

01:07:21 Birds don't get electrocuted while perching on power lines because it's not voltages

01:07:25 that will harm them, but voltage differences, and electricity wouldn't flow without them.

01:07:30 So, if you see a bird standing on a single power line at, for example, 35,000 volts,

01:07:36 the lack of a voltage difference is something that keeps the animal safe.

01:07:40 But if it accidentally extends its wings and touches another power line that's at a different

01:07:45 voltage, it won't end well.

01:07:48 That's the reason why electricity companies make sure there's plenty of space between

01:07:51 the cables.

01:07:53 Have you ever wondered why airplane pilots won't try to land on grass when the landing

01:07:57 gear doesn't deploy?

01:07:59 The grass may seem like a good solution at first because it's soft, true.

01:08:04 But the surface will neither be smooth nor even.

01:08:07 When pressure is high, landing on grass can lead to unpredictable movements and cause

01:08:12 issues such as structure formation.

01:08:15 That happens because of bouncing and unequal pressure.

01:08:18 This can even result in fuel leakage and prevent the doors from opening.

01:08:22 Bald heads tend to be shiny even though the skin elsewhere on the human body isn't.

01:08:27 Most of our skin is covered with tiny hairs that give it some sort of velvety, peach-fuzz

01:08:32 look.

01:08:33 With male pattern baldness, the hair follicles tend to shrink and turn into skin cells, which

01:08:38 means there's no hair there at all.

01:08:41 And the scalp is especially shiny due to the sebaceous glands.

01:08:45 They produce and secrete some kind of oily matter that protects our skin.

01:08:50 Sebaceous glands are located all across our skin, but the scalp has way more of them.

01:08:55 So this oil coats the skin, which is why it turns into a more reflective surface.

01:09:00 House cats will rarely meow at one another, but they become chatty with humans, and this

01:09:05 could be related to domestication.

01:09:08 The process of taming cats and keeping them as pets started nearly 10,000 years ago.

01:09:14 Before that, cats were pretty much loners.

01:09:16 They rarely encountered other cats, so they didn't even have to use their voices to

01:09:20 communicate with each other.

01:09:22 Instead, they communicated through their sense of smell, which included things like rubbing

01:09:26 against a certain object, for example, a tree.

01:09:30 So they didn't even have to come face to face with other members of their species to

01:09:34 send a message.

01:09:35 And that's how they mostly communicate today as well.

01:09:38 But humans don't have such a good sense of smell as cats, so these foxy creatures

01:09:43 had to think of a way to send us a message and still get what they wanted from us, which

01:09:47 turned out to be meowing.

01:09:50 If you're planning a day trip to a desert, for example, the Sahara in North Africa, you're

01:09:55 going to want to bring good sunscreen, and a lot of water, of course, but also a snug

01:10:01 sleeping bag if you're planning to spend the night there too.

01:10:04 Deserts really become cold during the night.

01:10:06 In the Sahara, temperatures go from an average high of 100 degrees Fahrenheit during the

01:10:11 day to 25 degrees during the night.

01:10:14 Such dramatic change happens because of two main factors, humidity and sand.

01:10:20 Sand doesn't retain heat that well.

01:10:22 When light and heat from the sun reach a desert, sand grains from the top layer absorb heat.

01:10:27 But they release it back into the air relatively quickly.

01:10:30 So during the day, the sand radiates the energy coming from the sun, which eventually heats

01:10:35 the air and leads to extremely high temperatures.

01:10:38 And during the night, the sand is quickly losing heat once again, but this time, there's

01:10:43 no sunlight that would reheat the desert.

01:10:46 That leaves the sand colder than before and leads to such low temperatures.

01:10:51 In arid deserts such as the Atacama Desert in Chile and the Sahara, the humidity is extremely

01:10:56 low.

01:10:57 That means the amount of water vapor in the air is almost zero.

01:11:02 Unlike sand, water does well to store heat.

01:11:06 Water vapor in the air traps heat close to the ground.

01:11:09 It's like you cover the ground with a huge blanket.

01:11:12 That way, you stop it from dissipating into the atmosphere.

01:11:15 Also, when the air has a high level of humidity, it requires more energy to heat up.

01:11:20 That means it takes more time for that same energy to disappear and for the surroundings

01:11:25 to get colder.

01:11:27 Since there's almost no humidity in deserts, such areas can both quickly heat up and cool

01:11:33 down.

01:11:34 If you microwave water for tea, it will taste worse than when it's made with a kettle.

01:11:40 That's because the temperature of the liquid is the main factor for a good tea.

01:11:45 Water should reach a rolling boil before you pour it over tea leaves, whether they're

01:11:49 loose or bagged.

01:11:51 It's an easy thing to do with tea kettles, both the electric and stovetop varieties.

01:11:56 When the burner or the electric heating element is on, the water at the bottom of the vessel

01:12:00 warms up.

01:12:02 As it's getting hotter, water through the rest of the kettle comes to the boiling point.

01:12:06 A microwave doesn't heat from the bottom up.

01:12:09 It creates electromagnetic waves that randomly jump around the box.

01:12:14 You probably notice when you try to reheat leftovers.

01:12:17 They end up partially frozen in some spots and extremely hot in others.

01:12:22 The same will happen with water because it's hard to control microwave energy.

01:12:26 Overheated liquid won't be good for tea either.

01:12:30 When water goes above 212 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the boiling point for water, it can

01:12:35 destroy the compounds that give a tea its specific flavor.

01:12:39 Have you ever wondered why those electrical plugs most Americans use have holes in the

01:12:44 prongs?

01:12:45 The story dates back to the early 20th century when Harvey Hubble Jr. invented different types

01:12:50 of electrical plugs.

01:12:52 He started with the detachable electric plug, which was the first ever of that type.

01:12:59 Some of his designs had prongs with indents, those aligned with tiny bumps inside the electrical

01:13:04 sockets.

01:13:05 Such an indent and bump system secured the prongs in place after people would insert

01:13:10 a plug into a socket.

01:13:13 At some point, these indents gave way to holes, which worked in the same way.

01:13:18 But that's just part of the story.

01:13:20 Most of the modern outlets don't even have bumps anymore.

01:13:23 They keep plugs from falling out of the wall by using friction and pressure.

01:13:27 Today, some manufacturers insert a rod through all the holes in a line of prongs.

01:13:33 That's how they lock them in place while encasing them in plastic.

01:13:37 Some also say the holes save metal, which cuts costs of manufacturing in the long term.

01:13:45 Did you know that chickens can jump and fly too?

01:13:48 Domestication of the chicken dates back to at least 2000 BCE.

01:13:53 They do have the required feathers and muscles to fly, but they don't do it much anymore

01:13:57 hundreds of years after they were domesticated.

01:14:00 But if you give them the right motivation, they can do that.

01:14:04 If they think the other side of the fence is cool, they can jump up to 6 feet.

01:14:09 Some hens hop on the trees to roost.

01:14:12 Picture a tree with a couple of chickens on it.

01:14:14 Looks so funny.

01:14:15 Their motivation is safety.

01:14:17 The tree serves as a cover for them in the daytime and protects them from winged predators.

01:14:22 Similarly, at night, the tree turns into a shelter from wind and rain and the possible

01:14:27 attacks from ground predators.

01:14:30 This doesn't have to be in the wild.

01:14:32 Farms where chickens can wander around freely also have tree nests.

01:14:36 Some sneaky chickens leave their coop and jump onto the trees.

01:14:40 So, many chicken owners search for ways to keep them under control.

01:14:44 Hey Siri, search for "How to deal with jumping chickens".

01:14:49 I'm now moving on to everyday items and the secrets they help.

01:14:53 The twist ties and plastic bags on bread packs don't have random colors.

01:14:58 They are color-coded based on the daily bread baked.

01:15:01 Each day of the week has an assigned color.

01:15:04 For example, blue twist tie stands for Monday, green for Tuesday, and red for Thursday.

01:15:10 Now you can figure out how fresh your bread is.

01:15:13 Color codes are helpful for employees too.

01:15:16 They can easily spot the old loaves on the shelves.

01:15:20 There's a popular saying, "You are what you eat".

01:15:23 It turns out that our guts are also there to make us happy.

01:15:27 Serotonin is the feel-good hormone.

01:15:29 It's also a neurotransmitter.

01:15:31 Many of us immediately associate it with our brains.

01:15:34 Yet, interestingly, around 95% of the body's serotonin is produced in our digestive tract.

01:15:42 Many of us often use the words "herbs" and "spices" interchangeably.

01:15:46 But these are different seasonings.

01:15:49 Spices come from every part of a plant or tree, like root, seed, or bark.

01:15:54 But herbs are the plant's leaves.

01:15:56 We generally add spice to food in roasting and during cooking.

01:16:00 Herbs release their aroma faster, so we add them at the very end.

01:16:05 Do you ever feel you've been watched and discovered that you're right?

01:16:09 Well, that spider-sense-like feeling is called gaze detection.

01:16:13 Your brain senses when someone is staring at you.

01:16:17 Research explains this as a sort of defense mechanism.

01:16:20 A direct gaze can be a symbol of dominance, and that can be a potential threat.

01:16:25 Humans evolved with this feeling in time.

01:16:27 Strangely, it works when the person looks right at you.

01:16:31 If their gaze is off just a few degrees to the left or right of you, your brain won't

01:16:35 react this way.

01:16:38 What about the urge to re-watch your favorite movies or listen to your songs over and over?

01:16:43 You're not alone.

01:16:44 This habit has some benefits for your mental health.

01:16:47 This behavior eases your mind.

01:16:49 When people feel overwhelmed, they'll have less self-control and be less motivated to

01:16:53 complete hard tasks.

01:16:56 You are drawn into the office's first season again because when you watch, listen, or do

01:17:01 something familiar, you don't have to spend the effort to monitor what you're thinking.

01:17:05 So it's a good way to have a quick mental reset.

01:17:09 Here's another feeling.

01:17:10 Imagine you're enjoying the sunset on a terrace or at the top of the Eiffel Tower.

01:17:15 Out of nowhere, your inner voice whispers, "What if I jump?"

01:17:19 This isn't coming from a darker state.

01:17:21 You know, it's just sort of a feeling that appears when you're high up.

01:17:25 There is a name for this.

01:17:26 The "call of the void" or the "high place phenomenon" is a relatively new research

01:17:31 topic, but more studies are on the way.

01:17:35 Jim Carrey's great performance in The Truman Show is surely remembered.

01:17:39 Did you know that the Truman Show delusion is an actual thing?

01:17:43 The phenomenon is an issue related to cognitive neuropsychiatry.

01:17:47 People with this delusion believe that they're being filmed and that the footage will be

01:17:51 broadcasted for entertainment.

01:17:55 There was a time when aluminum was more precious than gold.

01:17:58 I know, it's hard to believe.

01:18:00 We now wrap our sandwiches on this everyday item.

01:18:03 If we go back to the 19th century, we would see aluminum as a hard-to-get element because

01:18:08 it was literally hard to obtain until innovators found a way to extract it on large industrial

01:18:13 scales.

01:18:14 Then, the reign of aluminum was over.

01:18:17 There are stories about the French ruler Napoleon III having an aluminum cutlery set that he

01:18:22 served food to his special guests.

01:18:28 We might as well talk about a time traveler's party held in 2009.

01:18:32 The theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking invited time travelers to hang out.

01:18:37 There was a huge banner hung up with the words "Welcome, time travelers!"

01:18:42 No one showed up, but maybe travelers had prior engagements and that's why they didn't

01:18:46 attend the party.

01:18:48 I swear I'm not crying because no one showed up to that awesome party.

01:18:52 I was just cutting an onion.

01:18:54 Why do we burst into tears when we chop onions?

01:18:58 Because of a particular enzyme.

01:19:00 Is there a solution?

01:19:02 Next time, get some damp paper towel and put it on the cutting board next to the onion.

01:19:06 The acidity that comes from the enzyme will go towards the wet paper instead of your eyes.

01:19:12 The ancient Egyptian civil calendar was quite similar to the one we use now.

01:19:17 They had 365 days divided into 12 months.

01:19:21 But instead of spreading a 31st to some months, they would add those extra days to the end

01:19:26 of the year.

01:19:30 Now let's turn our cameras to the animal kingdom again.

01:19:33 Is there a benefit for zebras to have their fascinating pattern?

01:19:38 Scientists asked this question too and experimented.

01:19:41 They dressed up horses with zebra look-alike coats.

01:19:44 The coat was covering the whole body of the horses but their heads.

01:19:48 It turns out that zebra patterns repel flies.

01:19:51 Scientists observed that flies only go for the heads of the animals and stay away from

01:19:55 the horse bodies.

01:20:01 Ants are known as hard-working animals even in the tails.

01:20:05 That's got a legit reflection in real life.

01:20:07 They can carry up to 20 times more weight than their own body weight.

01:20:11 These insects have other noble qualities too.

01:20:14 If an ant gets seriously injured, it will refuse treatment from the colony's paramedic

01:20:18 ant.

01:20:19 The ant knows that it can't make it so instead of wasting the colony's resources, this ant

01:20:24 forces the paramedic ant to carry on without it.

01:20:31 Camels can survive around 15 days without drinking water.

01:20:34 Many people assume that they store water in their humps.

01:20:37 Nope, humps are for food storage in the form of fat.

01:20:40 The water is kept in their bloodstream.

01:20:43 Speaking of camels, in some countries there is a tradition to hold camel beauty contests.

01:20:48 For instance, a contest was held in the 2022 World Cup in Qatar as an attraction.

01:20:59 You see a giant housefly in the house but it flees from your ninja's hands.

01:21:03 You might think that nature will take care of it in a couple of days but actually, houseflies

01:21:08 can live for about a month or two.

01:21:11 The next fact is about an emergency on the road.

01:21:14 Detachable car headrests can be used as an escape tool.

01:21:18 You can break the window with the headrests if you can't leave the car by the doors.

01:21:23 You should wedge the headrest between the glass and the window sill.

01:21:26 Aim a corner.

01:21:27 Then, you hit the headrest as hard as you can to break the glass safely.

01:21:31 You might have to hit a couple of times but it eventually shatters.

01:21:35 Don't give up after one try.

01:21:38 Don't be shy.

01:21:39 Share your wow facts with us!

01:21:40 Here are some of the most common ways to avoid a car crash.

01:21:49 There are two sides to every story.

01:21:52 Just like to a regular cotton pad, two different textures to be more precise.

01:21:57 One is smooth and you're supposed to use it for more sensitive areas of your face, for

01:22:01 example, the eyes.

01:22:03 The rougher side can help you remove makeup and clean your face in less sensitive areas

01:22:08 like the forehead.

01:22:11 If you like having greenery in your home, you've probably noticed the flower pots have

01:22:15 holes at the bottom.

01:22:17 These holes are the reason your green friends live a happy life.

01:22:21 They're extremely important for water drainage.

01:22:25 Thanks to these holes, you'll avoid stagnant water buildup that can eventually ruin your

01:22:29 plant.

01:22:30 Also, thanks to those holes, roots can grow and expand beyond the limits of your pot.

01:22:37 Have you noticed aviator sunglasses mostly have green lenses?

01:22:42 It has something to do with their origin.

01:22:44 First, they showed up in the 1930s.

01:22:48 Before that, pilots had goggles to protect their eyes while they were in the air.

01:22:53 High altitudes with glaring sun and sub-zero temperatures were a real test for their eyes.

01:23:00 The goggles helped them with those issues, but there was another one.

01:23:04 Since the temperature differences between the air outside and within the goggles were

01:23:08 big, the lenses would fog up and obscure the pilot's view.

01:23:13 So the company Bausch & Lomb came up with teardrop lenses surrounded by a light metal

01:23:18 frame.

01:23:20 These lenses were dark green because this tint cuts out blue light, which is also a

01:23:25 problem for pilots when they're flying above the cloud line.

01:23:29 Plus, green lenses also reduce glare and improve contrast and sharpness.

01:23:36 Holes in the side of your Converse sneakers, hmm, are those really necessary?

01:23:40 Well, they allow air to enter your shoe so your feet can stay cool.

01:23:45 You can also use them to style up your shoes and tie them in different ways too.

01:23:52 There are two reasons plastic bottles have grooves.

01:23:55 First, if you're drinking cold water and it's hot outside, you'll see there's a lot of condensation

01:24:00 on your bottle.

01:24:02 Or maybe if you're playing some sport or working out.

01:24:05 Your hands are sweaty and if a bottle had a smooth surface it would be more difficult

01:24:09 to grip it, so the ridges are there to improve your hand grip.

01:24:14 The second reason is that because of these ridges, manufacturers can use thinner plastic.

01:24:19 That means they need less material in overall production.

01:24:23 And that plastic is still firm enough for the bottle to maintain its shape.

01:24:29 Wooden coat hangers are not just there to look nice.

01:24:33 Since they're made of cedar wood, they bring a nice scent to your closet.

01:24:36 Plus, they repel bugs.

01:24:39 They're also quite firm so they come in handy for heavy clothes such as jackets.

01:24:43 And it's hard to damage them, so they'll serve you longer.

01:24:49 You may have noticed there's a colored square at the bottom of your toothpaste.

01:24:53 These blocks mostly come in blue, red, green and black.

01:24:58 They are some sort of eye marks, since they help manufacturing machines at the assembly

01:25:03 line recognize where and when to cut the toothpaste and seal the end of the tube.

01:25:10 Some boots have loops at their top and back.

01:25:13 Looks like a fashion statement, doesn't it?

01:25:15 Or maybe it's something that manufacturers add for fun.

01:25:19 But those loops actually have their purpose.

01:25:21 With them, you can pull the shoe up when trying to wear it.

01:25:25 Plus, you can easily hang them or use the loop for better support for the laces.

01:25:31 Confession time.

01:25:32 Remember those attachments your vacuum cleaner came with?

01:25:35 Did you also put them somewhere aside and never use them again?

01:25:39 They're actually pretty helpful when you're cleaning the house because you can use them

01:25:43 for particular areas that are sometimes hard to reach with the regular attachment.

01:25:48 We all know what the vegetable peeler is for, but besides peeling the skin of carrots or

01:25:53 potatoes, you can use it for onions too.

01:25:56 It may be faster than doing it with a knife.

01:25:58 Plus, it will save you some onion tears.

01:26:02 Some sweatshirts have something pretty specific in the neck area.

01:26:06 A V-shaped stitch you can see in the middle of the collar.

01:26:10 The ribbed insert, similar to the ribbing at the hem and the sleeves, would allow the

01:26:14 owner to put the garment on more easily, and it wouldn't even lose shape.

01:26:19 The V-insert would stretch so a person wearing the sweatshirt could get their head through

01:26:23 the neck.

01:26:24 Its purpose was also to absorb sweat.

01:26:27 In its early versions, sweatshirts had both the back and the front of the collars.

01:26:32 Through time, they lost the back one, and this V-insert became something decorative

01:26:36 since manufacturers started to stitch a V at the collar without using the ribbed material

01:26:41 they had added before.

01:26:44 Any colored squares or circles you see on food packages aren't an indication of vitamins,

01:26:49 minerals, or certain flavors that food contains.

01:26:52 And nope, it's not some secret code consumers are supposed to crack.

01:26:57 It's actually for printing engineers.

01:26:59 They're called process control patches, or printer's color blocks.

01:27:04 During the process of printing the food packaging, manufacturers use those colored blocks to

01:27:08 check if the printing ink is correct.

01:27:11 They compare the color of blocks they print to make sure the brand they print for has

01:27:15 a consistent and recognizable quality all over the world.

01:27:20 The majority of printers only use four colors - yellow, magenta, cyan, and black.

01:27:26 Some printers have additional colors, such as green, orange, and violet.

01:27:32 That's why you sometimes see multiple circles on certain packages.

01:27:36 They test each ink color.

01:27:39 Margins in notebooks - they're not there as some sort of a guide for taking notes and

01:27:43 writing.

01:27:44 Someone came up with a potential solution that was supposed to protect the written work

01:27:47 from, well, rats.

01:27:50 They used to be pretty common residents in people's homes.

01:27:53 They are known for their diet, including basically anything, like paper for example.

01:27:58 So people started adding wide margins as an appetizer that was supposed to keep rats full.

01:28:05 This way, they wouldn't want to get to the main dish - the written pages.

01:28:10 Suits have a buttonhole close to the top of the lapel.

01:28:14 Manufacturers sew it shut so you can't open it without ruining your suit.

01:28:17 And when you compare it to the other lapel, you see that one is completely smooth, without

01:28:22 any clues.

01:28:24 You won't find such an unpartnered buttonhole on a suit jacket only.

01:28:28 Camp shirts, pea coats, and some other clothing pieces have them too.

01:28:33 And they have to do with the history of lapels.

01:28:35 The earliest ones showed up at the beginning of the 19th century.

01:28:39 Before this, men mostly wore frocks with high collars.

01:28:43 They would button them all the way up to the top.

01:28:45 During hot days, they would relax the button stance, turn down the collars, and leave the

01:28:49 top button undone.

01:28:51 It was a relief from the swelter.

01:28:53 Plus, their folded overlaps would be symmetrical at the chest, and today, we recognize that

01:28:58 as a lapel.

01:29:01 People stopped using that buttonhole after they came up with the lapel, unless it was

01:29:05 for some formal occasion.

01:29:07 Like for example when you wanted to put a flower in there.

01:29:10 That's why suit makers left it, as a fashion feature.

01:29:14 Tea bags.

01:29:15 It's pretty easy to guess what they're for, but they come in handy if you have smelly

01:29:19 feet after a long day in your shoes.

01:29:21 Just pop tea bags, unused of course, in your shoes during the night.

01:29:25 By the time you wake up, tea bags are going to effectively absorb all the unwanted odors.

01:29:32 Binder clips can also have a helpful purpose besides their main one.

01:29:36 You can clip your money to keep it together.

01:29:39 Same is true for paper clips.

01:29:41 If your favorite bracelet broke and you're looking for a way to hold it on, a paper clip

01:29:45 might help.

01:29:47 Just hook one through each end of the bracelet, twist it tightly, and your bracelet is good

01:29:51 to go.

01:29:52 It's breakfast, and you crack open a hard-boiled egg.

01:29:56 You find that it's green.

01:29:58 Looks disgusting.

01:29:59 Well, it looks like you cooked it for too long.

01:30:03 This happened because of the thin sulfur layer in the whites and iron in the yolk.

01:30:07 Though the mixture of these chemicals is black, it's such a thin layer mixed into the yellow

01:30:11 yolk that it turns green.

01:30:14 But don't fear.

01:30:15 These strange green eggs, they're completely safe to eat.

01:30:19 While sitting for a photo, it would be weird to say anything other than "cheese" to get

01:30:23 that perfect smile.

01:30:25 But in the 19th century, it was different.

01:30:28 Photographers would ask their subjects to say "prune" instead.

01:30:32 The reason was to obtain that thin, duck-like expression.

01:30:35 It was considered a primp, a proper way to present a photograph.

01:30:40 Strawberries aren't even considered a berry and are more of a false fruit, further identified

01:30:45 as multiple fruit.

01:30:47 What we believe is that the tiny little brown or white things are seeds, but they're actually

01:30:52 individual fruits attached to its flesh.

01:30:55 But how did this mistake start in the first place?

01:30:58 Well, the confusion began hundreds of years ago when it was first named.

01:31:03 However, this was a long time before botanists were even around to help clarify this mistake.

01:31:09 Sci-fi films are often inspired by real-life space exploration.

01:31:13 But there is one thing that NASA implemented after watching a sci-fi movie.

01:31:18 A 1929 flick, Woman in the Moon, introduced a countdown that built up anticipation.

01:31:24 NASA found this helpful and started using it in 1969.

01:31:28 Not only is it an exciting moment, but it does also have a practical use.

01:31:33 It helps the massive team behind each launch ensure they're synchronized perfectly down

01:31:37 to the last second.

01:31:39 This one might change your appetite the next time you see a juicy apple.

01:31:44 Usually picked around August to November, the shiny supermarket apples are covered in

01:31:48 hot wax, then hot air dried and sent into cold storage.

01:31:53 Before they arrive at the supermarket looking fresh, they've been in storage for anywhere

01:31:57 between 6 to 12 months.

01:32:00 I bet you can't do this.

01:32:02 Try and hum while closing your nose.

01:32:05 No noise came out, right?

01:32:07 Without an exit for air, it's physically impossible to make any noise.

01:32:12 The world's largest national park in Greenland covers a staggering 375,000 square miles.

01:32:19 That's twice the size of California.

01:32:22 But although it's huge, there are only up to 40 permanent residents in this massive

01:32:26 area, making it one of the most isolated places on Earth.

01:32:30 Issues with bad breath?

01:32:32 Gum is the typical choice, but other things are just as effective.

01:32:36 Cucumber is a great natural solution, and a more efficient one.

01:32:40 Working similarly to gum, it helps stimulate saliva production, but what makes it different

01:32:44 from other odor-defeaters is its water content.

01:32:48 Washing away any unwanted pieces of food still remaining also helps to avoid a dry mouth,

01:32:53 which causes odors.

01:32:55 You would think that Z would be the last letter put into the alphabet, but it was actually

01:33:00 J.

01:33:01 Long ago in 1524, an Italian grammarian wanted to identify a way to separate I and J. Together,

01:33:09 they were a vowel, and J was then used as a consonant that sounded like Y.

01:33:15 It wasn't until 1633, when an English grammar book explained the proper use of J, and it

01:33:21 was entered into the alphabet in the way we use it today.

01:33:25 The first vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901, the size of a Winnebago, and it took four

01:33:30 people to operate it.

01:33:32 A petrol engine used to supply power also required a horse to move it around.

01:33:37 I would suppose that it was mainly used for cleaning up after the horse in the end.

01:33:42 It wasn't long after that they found easier ways to clean the house, and in 1910, the

01:33:46 first handheld vacuum was invented.

01:33:49 If you've been told that you sweat like a pig, there is no need to be offended.

01:33:53 It's actually more of a compliment, as pigs don't sweat.

01:33:57 All swine are born without sweat glands, and the only way to cool off is to find a nice

01:34:01 puddle or, more famously, some mud.

01:34:05 Umbrellas were invented around 4000 years ago and were only socially acceptable for

01:34:09 women to use them.

01:34:11 Their original purpose was to keep the sun out of your eyes and as a fashion accessory.

01:34:15 It wasn't until the mid-18th century that men were allowed to use them, and the modern,

01:34:20 water-resistant version we use today was made.

01:34:24 And most importantly, the very first dog umbrella was invented in 1965.

01:34:31 Dentists can be very strict on what sweets you eat, so you would be amazed to learn that

01:34:36 cotton candy was invented by a dentist.

01:34:39 John C. Wharton, a dentist and confectioner, wanted to give his clients a treat every visit.

01:34:45 Hmm, maybe he gave them this "treat" to ensure they came back more often.

01:34:52 We could theoretically build a highway to outer space, and could adjust the effects

01:34:57 of gravity.

01:34:58 It would only take you an hour to drive to space if you drove at 60 miles per hour.

01:35:02 Let's make this happen, Elon Musk!

01:35:06 How heavy could a cloud be?

01:35:08 It looks like it couldn't weigh too much as it floats easily up in the sky.

01:35:12 But a cloud could weigh anywhere up to 1 million pounds.

01:35:16 That massive cloud is able to float above you because the air is lighter up there, and

01:35:20 less dense than dry air below.

01:35:23 You can see the same effect when observing oil floating on water.

01:35:27 You think you yawn because you are bored or tired?

01:35:30 Well, it's a myth.

01:35:32 You yawn more often later in the day, but it's just your body helping you remain alert.

01:35:37 Through inhaling cool air and stretching the muscles, it cools the flow to the brain.

01:35:42 Researchers identified brain sizes in different species of animals based on their yawns.

01:35:47 The larger the brain, the longer the yawn.

01:35:49 So how long do you yawn?

01:35:52 Playing video games regularly increases gray matter in the brain for all you gamers out

01:35:56 there, which helps to boost brain connectivity through muscle control, memories, perception,

01:36:01 and spatial navigation.

01:36:03 An experiment at a New York medical center found that surgeons who played three hours

01:36:07 of video games made 37% fewer mistakes and performed 27% faster than other non-gaming

01:36:14 doctors.

01:36:16 Have you ever wanted to be just a little bit taller?

01:36:19 Well, get your space boots on.

01:36:21 The human body can grow up to 3% taller when in space.

01:36:25 While living on Earth, our spines are compressed by gravity.

01:36:28 But in zero gravity, the decompression lets the spinal discs expand, allowing the spine

01:36:33 to lengthen.

01:36:35 Cows don't have full REM sleep while standing, but they can have a light nap.

01:36:40 This is an evolutionary trait that helped their ancestors avoid predators.

01:36:45 They stand idle during a power nap if they need to make a quick getaway.

01:36:49 They do have full REM sleep only by lying down.

01:36:52 They only need four hours of sleep to fully energize for the next day.

01:36:57 Women have more taste buds than men, and 35% of women are considered super tasters, and

01:37:02 only 15% of men are.

01:37:05 Not surprisingly, more women prefer pineapple on their pizza.

01:37:08 Now don't be triggered if you disagree.

01:37:12 While sleeping, you're incapable of sneezing.

01:37:14 This might seem impossible, especially when you have a cold.

01:37:18 But while your body is resting, the nerves that help you sneeze are as well.

01:37:23 While you sleep, the brain ignores any irritating sensations or tickling that would typically

01:37:28 create the sneeze.

01:37:31 Our calendar year once used to end in February.

01:37:34 This is because it was the last month to be added to the calendar.

01:37:38 A calendar year once only lasted 304 days, so there was plenty of room for more months.

01:37:44 It was changed in the year 46 BCE to the calendar we know today by Julius Caesar.

01:37:51 They previously followed the lunar calendar.

01:37:53 Julius Caesar saw issues with this as it didn't match the seasons.

01:37:58 He hired an astronomer who created a calendar based on the solar year.

01:38:05 So you have a sixth sense.

01:38:08 It tells you where the various parts of your body are in space.

01:38:11 Thanks to it, you can walk up a flight of stairs or touch your nose even with your eyes

01:38:16 closed.

01:38:17 Your vocal cords only produce a buzzing noise.

01:38:20 Your nose, mouth, and throat determine what your voice will sound like.

01:38:23 If you have a deep voice, your vocal cords are thicker, and your cavities are larger

01:38:27 than average, letting the sound resonate.

01:38:31 By the time you wake up, you'll have forgotten 50% of your latest dream.

01:38:35 After 10 minutes, you won't remember 90% of it.

01:38:38 When you blush, your stomach lining goes red along with your face.

01:38:42 It happens because your sympathetic nervous system's causing an increased blood flow

01:38:46 throughout the body.

01:38:48 Your hair follicles have the same receptors as your nasal passages.

01:38:51 That's why your hair can detect scents too.

01:38:54 Sandalwood can help you develop that superpower.

01:38:57 Out of 5 million hair follicles on your body, only 100,000 are indeed on your head.

01:39:03 An average human will have eaten 35 tons of food over a lifetime.

01:39:08 That's like 3 school buses.

01:39:10 No matter how hard you'll try, you'll never be able to tickle yourself.

01:39:14 It's because your brain prepares the body for tickling and helps you avoid the typical

01:39:18 laughing reaction.

01:39:23 One human hair is so strong it can hold up to 3.5 ounces.

01:39:27 If only the scalp were that strong as well, you'd be able to hold the weight of 2 elephants

01:39:31 with your hair.

01:39:33 Your eye has 256 unique characteristics, and your fingers – just 40 of them.

01:39:39 That's why retinal scanning is more reliable than fingerprint scanning.

01:39:43 50% of your hand strength is in your little finger alone.

01:39:47 Yet the thumb is the most important finger – you wouldn't be able to grip without

01:39:50 it.

01:39:51 If you stretch out your arms to the sides, the distance from the middle fingertip of

01:39:55 the left hand to that of the right hand is equal to your height.

01:39:59 An average human produces enough saliva to fill two swimming pools over a lifetime.

01:40:04 Hey, dive in!

01:40:06 Your spine has a great memory.

01:40:08 It remembers your posture, making it so difficult to change it for the better.

01:40:13 You owe goosebumps to your ancestors for many, many years ago.

01:40:17 Their hair used to stand up to make them look bigger and scarier to foes.

01:40:21 Cats hiss and arch their backs for the same reason.

01:40:25 Your left lung is a little smaller than your right lung to make some room for the heart.

01:40:29 The right lung has three lobes, and the left one just two.

01:40:33 Both of them are protected by your rib cage.

01:40:35 Next time you get the hiccups, try bending over in a chair.

01:40:39 Drinking from the far side of the glass also helps get rid of them.

01:40:43 You can easily survive without your appendix, stomach, one kidney, or one lung.

01:40:47 Hey, nice to know we have spare parts!

01:40:50 A human eyebrow lives for about 4 months.

01:40:53 After that, you get new ones.

01:40:55 You, along with other humans, have the superpower of glowing in the dark, especially in the

01:41:00 late afternoon.

01:41:01 Your face has the strongest glow.

01:41:03 Still, it's too dim for your eyes to pick it up unaided.

01:41:07 The beating sound of your heart is, in fact, the clap of the valves inside opening and

01:41:12 closing.

01:41:13 The lyrics for that are "lub-dub, lub-dub."

01:41:16 You can't breathe and swallow at the same time.

01:41:19 While you're breathing, the pipe leading to your stomach shuts down.

01:41:22 When you're swallowing, the gateway to your lungs temporarily closes.

01:41:26 Under 1% of all people are born with their hearts on the right side of the chest and

01:41:31 not the left one.

01:41:33 You blink 15 to 20 times per minute or 30,000 times a day.

01:41:38 Your eyes have the fastest muscles in your entire body.

01:41:40 They slow down to 5 blinks per minute when you're looking at a computer screen.

01:41:44 Your eyes owe their color to a pigment called melanin.

01:41:48 People with brown eyes have more melanin than green-eyed individuals.

01:41:52 If you have blue eyes, it means the eye tissue is completely colorless.

01:41:55 Your eyes get colored just like water and the sky do.

01:41:58 They scatter light and reflect blue light back.

01:42:01 The first known person with blue eyes was born in the Stone Age, around 7,000 years

01:42:05 ago.

01:42:06 I wasn't around then.

01:42:08 There are about 3 million sweat glands in your entire body.

01:42:11 Many of them are on the soles of your feet and on your palms, forehead, armpits, and

01:42:16 cheeks.

01:42:17 With every sneeze, the air is traveling out of your nose at a speed of 100 mph.

01:42:22 There's no wax in your earwax.

01:42:24 It's made of fat, skin cells, sweat, and dirt.

01:42:28 Yum!

01:42:29 Before you try to get rid of it, remember it protects the ear from bacteria, dirt, and

01:42:33 dryness.

01:42:34 Stress and fear boost its production.

01:42:36 If someone made a camera out of the human eye, it would have a resolution of 576 megapixels.

01:42:43 Your brain can hold up to 25 million gigabytes of data.

01:42:47 Not my brain.

01:42:48 You swallow every minute while you're awake and 3 times per hour when you sleep.

01:42:53 That sums up to 600 swallows per day.

01:42:56 Gulp.

01:42:57 If you're left-handed, you most likely chew on the left side, and if you're right-handed,

01:43:01 on the right side.

01:43:02 Your fingerprints will always find a way to grow back their unique pattern, no matter

01:43:06 how bad you damage them.

01:43:09 Every human has a unique pattern of ridges and furrows in their ears.

01:43:13 They also sound different, thanks to microscopic hair cells in your inner ears.

01:43:17 You'd need a powerful microphone to pick up the noise they produce.

01:43:21 The way you walk is your unique feature.

01:43:23 Machines can easily distinguish your individual tiny ticks, bounces, and ways of swinging

01:43:28 your legs you use with every step.

01:43:31 Your sense of smell helps you taste 80% of the flavor of any food.

01:43:36 That's why it seems so dull when you hold your nose or have a snack while traveling

01:43:39 by airplane that makes your sense of smell weaker.

01:43:43 Women are better at remembering faces and tasks for the future, but easily forget what

01:43:47 has been done.

01:43:48 It's the opposite for men.

01:43:51 Your eyes can change color as you age, or even depending on your mood or dieting habits.

01:43:56 300 billion new cells are born in your body every day.

01:44:00 Now that's recycling!

01:44:02 Your fingers don't have a single muscle in them.

01:44:05 Their joints move thanks to the muscles in the palm and the forearm.

01:44:09 Your fingernails grow faster than your toenails.

01:44:12 That's because you use them more actively, and they get more sunlight and air.

01:44:16 Your eyes send a 2D upside-down image of the world to your brain.

01:44:20 It quickly corrects it and turns it into a 3D right-side-up image that it's used to.

01:44:26 There's more nerve cells and connections in your brain than there are stars in the

01:44:29 Milky Way.

01:44:30 If you decided to count them all, it would take you 3,000 years.

01:44:34 To make it easier for you, you have around 100 billion neurons in there.

01:44:39 The space between your eyebrows is officially called glabella.

01:44:42 You're taller in the morning than in the evening.

01:44:45 Gravity makes the cartilage around your bones compress over the day, making you shorter

01:44:49 by the time you go to bed.

01:44:52 In case you're right-handed, your fingernails on the right hand grow faster than your left

01:44:56 one.

01:44:57 That's because you use this hand more often and are more likely to damage it somehow.

01:45:01 Your body's trying to protect it and sends more blood and nutrients its way.

01:45:06 If you walk a healthy amount of steps every day, you'll have covered 100,000 miles by

01:45:11 the time you're 80.

01:45:12 It's like circling the equator 4 times.

01:45:15 The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus at the back of the hip, and you're

01:45:20 sitting on it.

01:45:21 But never mind.

01:45:23 The tiniest muscle in your body is in the middle of your ear.

01:45:26 Its main purpose is to stabilize the stapes, the tiniest bone in your body.

01:45:30 It takes care of transmitting sound waves to your inner ear.

01:45:34 You spend about 5 years of your lifetime eating, and 1/3 of your life sleeping.

01:45:40 An average adult weighing 150 pounds has a skeleton weighing about 21 pounds, so I guess

01:45:46 the remainder is meat and stuff.

01:45:48 Your heart beats over 2.5 billion times over your lifetime.

01:45:53 Your skin thickness is different throughout the body.

01:45:55 You have the thickest skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and the thinnest

01:46:00 is on your eyelids.

01:46:01 It takes your skin cells 28 to 30 days to completely renew themselves.

01:46:06 Even if you only have less than half of your liver left, it can still regenerate to its

01:46:11 original size.

01:46:12 Your taste buds only live for 10 to 14 days, then they renew.

01:46:17 Then what, everything tastes fresh?

01:46:19 Even when you're resting, your brain uses more than 20% of your body's energy to keep

01:46:23 it going.

01:46:25 The brain's main function of processing and transmitting data is really pricey when

01:46:29 it comes to energy costs.

01:46:31 Your big toe bears 40% of your body's weight.

01:46:35 Without it, running and walking would be slower, shorter, and less efficient.

01:46:39 Thanks to zero gravity, your discs in between each vertebra expand when you're in space.

01:46:45 That's why you can grow up to 2 inches taller.

01:46:48 An average adult body is home to 7 octillion atoms.

01:46:52 That's 7 billion billion, or 7 followed by 27 zeros.

01:46:57 Do the math.

01:46:58 A caterpillar has more muscles than you do.

01:47:01 It's 4,400 vs. 650.

01:47:04 Your peripheral vision is almost completely black and white.

01:47:08 It's because you have more color-detecting cones in the center of your retina than at

01:47:12 the sides.

01:47:13 An average adult human body has enough fat in its cells to produce 7 bars of soap.

01:47:19 Your sweat itself doesn't smell like anything.

01:47:21 The bacteria living on your skin mix with it and give it that notorious smell.

01:47:26 You get red eyes in photos because when the camera flash goes off, your pupils don't

01:47:31 have enough time to constrict.

01:47:33 A large burst of light reaches your retina, and it bounces back.

01:47:37 Your legs feel lead-heavy when you're afraid because of the adrenaline that gets in your

01:47:41 system.

01:47:42 It turns on the fight-or-flight reaction.

01:47:44 Your body sends blood flow to your most needed areas to let you take action and protect yourself.

01:47:51 Women can distinguish more colors than men because they have two X chromosomes and men

01:47:55 only have one.

01:47:57 Even if something is wrong with one of the chromosomes, a woman can still see colors

01:48:01 correctly.

01:48:02 That's why women are rarely color-blind.

01:48:05 No matter how slim or clump you are, you have the same exact amount of fat cells as everyone

01:48:10 else.

01:48:11 When you work out and diet, they don't go anywhere but shrink in size and can grow back

01:48:16 again.

01:48:17 All muscles in your body are connected to bones at two ends to be able to pull and create

01:48:22 motion.

01:48:23 The only exception is your tongue.

01:48:24 It's connected to a part of your neck on one side and is free on the other side, so

01:48:29 you can make funny sounds.

01:48:32 The weird-looking flies you see right in front of your eyes every now and then are eye floaters.

01:48:37 You see them because of tiny structural imperfections in one particular part of the eye that get

01:48:42 in the way of light.

01:48:43 They get worse with age.

01:48:45 Oh goody.

01:48:46 An average woman speaks about 20,000 words a day, while an average man only speaks 7,000

01:48:52 words.

01:48:53 That's because the brain region responsible for language skills and social interactions

01:48:57 is larger in females.

01:48:59 Your hands and feet alone would look rather creepy.

01:49:02 They also contain more than half of the bones in your entire body.

01:49:06 Each hand has 27 bones, and each foot has 26.

01:49:10 Your thumbs have their own pulse because there are big arteries inside them.

01:49:14 That's why you can't feel your pulse in the neck with your thumb.

01:49:18 You spend 10% of the time when you're awake with your eyelids closed.

01:49:21 It's all those times you're blinking.

01:49:24 Humans are capable of using echolocation, like bats and dolphins.

01:49:28 With some training, you can find your way in complete darkness, analyzing the surroundings

01:49:33 by sounds bouncing off objects.

01:49:35 Oh, need to practice that.

01:49:38 On average, it takes 7 minutes to fall asleep.

01:49:41 There are some techniques to speed up that process to 120 seconds, though.

01:49:46 You can physically see your nose, but the brain chooses to ignore it.

01:49:50 Otherwise, it would stand in the way of your vision.

01:49:52 Plus, it would be out of focus.

01:49:55 Around 12% of people can't dream in color.

01:49:58 There used to be more of them before color TV had been invented.

01:50:02 All your muscles relax at the same time right after you've fallen asleep.

01:50:06 Your brain thinks you're about to fall and sends quick signals to all of your muscles

01:50:10 to awaken them.

01:50:11 That's why it sometimes feels like you're literally falling.

01:50:14 You've inherited fingers that get wrinkly from water from your ancestors.

01:50:19 It gave them the grip they needed to survive in rainy weather.

01:50:22 Your toes get wrinkly too, to let you stand on a wet surface safely.

01:50:27 Many centuries ago, people used their wisdom teeth to chew through tough plants and roots.

01:50:32 As their brains grew bigger, leaving less space in the mouth, these teeth became the

01:50:36 extra ones.

01:50:37 Now, you can just cook your food and survive without them.

01:50:41 Every day, an average woman unknowingly puts on about 515 chemicals on her body.

01:50:47 They come from deodorants, shampoos, conditioners, moisturizers, and other beauty products.

01:50:53 Most of them are harmless.

01:50:55 You can't sneeze when you're sleeping because the nerve cells in your nose that activate

01:50:59 sneezing are sleeping too.

01:51:01 You can't sense smells in your sleep either.

01:51:04 An average person has around 250 hairs per eyebrow.

01:51:08 But some lucky fellows have a total of 1,100 hairs.

01:51:11 They keep raindrops and sweat from getting in your eyes.

01:51:15 Your skeleton completely renews itself every 10 years or so.

01:51:18 The process never stops but slows down with age.

01:51:22 That's why your bones become thinner.

01:51:24 An adult takes 12 to 16 breaths per minute.

01:51:28 It adds up to a total of 17,000 to 23,000 breaths daily.

01:51:33 If you stretch your entire network of blood vessels, its length would be enough to circle

01:51:37 the Earth twice.

01:51:38 That's over 60,000 miles.

01:51:40 And you would be very sore if you did that.

01:51:44 Women have more taste buds on their tongues than men.

01:51:46 35% of women are super-tasters and have more than 30 taste buds in the space the size of

01:51:52 a hole punch on their tongue.

01:51:54 That's an interesting comparison.

01:51:56 Sugar is sweeter, and sodium is saltier to them.

01:52:00 Blondes have the biggest number of hair follicles – around 146,000.

01:52:04 Second place belongs to black-haired people.

01:52:06 They have 110,000 follicles.

01:52:09 If you have brown hair, there are around 100,000 hair follicles on your head.

01:52:14 With an average of 86,000 follicles, redheads have the least dense hair.

01:52:19 As you age, your feet might get bigger.

01:52:21 But it doesn't mean your bones are growing.

01:52:23 It happens due to weight gain and loose ligaments that make your feet flatter and wider over

01:52:28 time.

01:52:29 When you have that stomach-in-your-throat feeling on a roller coaster, some of your

01:52:33 organs are really shifting.

01:52:35 It happens to your intestines and stomach, which are connected rather loosely and is

01:52:40 harmless.

01:52:41 It says here.

01:52:42 Your teeth have enamel on the outside that makes them just as strong as a shark's.

01:52:47 They aren't as sharp, though.

01:52:49 Your hair can stretch about 30% of its length when wet.

01:52:53 Your brain constantly needs oxygen and uses 20% of its reserves in your body.

01:52:58 When you're trying to solve some problem, it can even use more oxygen – up to 50%.

01:53:04 If you decided to smooth out all the wrinkles in your brain, it'd be a flat surface the

01:53:08 size of a pillowcase.

01:53:10 As you're listening to music, your heartbeat syncs with the rhythm.

01:53:14 Faster tempos make it beat faster.

01:53:16 Your diaphragm sometimes twitches, which makes you suddenly intake more air.

01:53:21 Your throat closes and interrupts the intake.

01:53:23 This is how hiccups work.

01:53:25 Unlike what every space movie tells you, you won't instantly freeze if you got into open

01:53:30 space without a suit.

01:53:32 Space vacuum is a great insulator, so you would retain your heat for some time.

01:53:36 Just don't make a habit of it.

01:53:38 The atoms in your body are billions of years old.

01:53:41 Nearly all of them were made in a star, and many have come through several supernovas.

01:53:46 It makes you a big chunk of stardust.

01:53:50 Scientists still don't know why humans yawn.

01:53:52 The most popular theory says it happens to cool down your brain and regulate body temperature.

01:53:58 Humans are the only animals that have chins.

01:54:01 Even chimpanzees and gorillas have lower jaws that slope down and back from their front

01:54:05 teeth.

01:54:06 When you're breathing, most of the air is going through one of the nostrils.

01:54:10 After a few hours, it starts going through the other, and they keep switching like that.

01:54:15 Your nose can pick up about 1 trillion smells with 400 different types of scent receptors.

01:54:21 The sound you hear while cracking knuckles are gas bubbles bursting in your joints.

01:54:26 Ooh, more fun body sounds!

01:54:28 You burn calories when you're just breathing, watching TV, and even sleeping.

01:54:33 By the time you turn 60, you will have lost almost half of your taste buds.

01:54:38 That's why most elderly people don't notice the unusual or bitter taste.

01:54:42 It only takes you 0.05 seconds to recognize a sound.

01:54:46 That's 10 times faster than blinking.

01:54:49 It's virtually impossible to destroy a human ear.

01:54:52 Water, cold, and corrosion can do nothing to it.

01:54:55 The only way to go is to set it on fire.

01:54:57 Nah, don't do that.

01:54:59 Around 1% of people are missing a special lens in the eye and can see ultraviolet.

01:55:04 Famous Impressionist painter Claude Monet belonged to that 1%.

01:55:09 When you sleep in a new place, half of your brain stays awake.

01:55:12 Thanks to that, you'll be able to quickly get up if you have to protect yourself from

01:55:16 something or someone.

01:55:19 The way your sneeze sounds depends on your nose size.

01:55:22 The larger the nose, the bigger the sneeze because more air can go in and out.

01:55:27 All the strangers from your dreams are real people you've met at some point in real life.

01:55:31 You just didn't remember them.

01:55:33 Unlike other cells, neurons can't replace themselves.

01:55:37 If you typed 60 words per minute for 8 hours a day, it would take you 50 years to type

01:55:43 the human genome.

01:55:44 That sounds like a big waste of time.

01:55:46 There's a name for the dip between your upper lip and nose.

01:55:49 It's philtrum.

01:55:51 Some people can navigate using the magnetic field of the planet, just like birds.

01:55:55 Me?

01:55:56 Nah, I can barely use my GPS.

01:55:59 No, you can't see the Great Wall of China from space.

01:56:03 It's a cool myth, but it's still a myth and has nothing to do with reality.

01:56:07 NASA confirmed it, and now you know it too!

01:56:10 Still, the wall is a magnificent place, and you're lucky today.

01:56:14 I'm taking you there, so fasten your seatbelts.

01:56:17 We're going to China, the biggest Asian country, the third biggest country in the world, and

01:56:23 with over 1.3 billion people living there, is still the most populated one, even though

01:56:28 India is getting closer and will probably take the first place soon.

01:56:34 China is also one of the oldest nations in the world.

01:56:37 It has 3,500 years of continuous written history, but the civilization existed long before that.

01:56:44 Historians believe that China wasn't populated by settlers that came from somewhere else.

01:56:49 The Chinese civilization most likely got formed from local Stone Age people who lived on the

01:56:54 territory since the prehistoric period.

01:56:57 So no wonder that the country is full of history and ancient landmarks, and I'll show you a

01:57:01 couple.

01:57:03 We are at the Great Wall.

01:57:05 It's over 13,000 miles long, almost five times the distance between New York and Los Angeles,

01:57:11 or a bit longer than the distance between North and South Poles.

01:57:16 This is impressive, even today.

01:57:18 Of course, it didn't take a day to build it.

01:57:20 In fact, the wall was being built for centuries.

01:57:23 Maybe you know that ancient cities had walls around them to protect the locals from the

01:57:27 invaders?

01:57:28 Yes, Chinese cities had them too.

01:57:31 The first Chinese emperor united the country in 220 BC and got a brilliant but very ambitious

01:57:38 idea to turn all city walls into one big wall that would defend the country's borders.

01:57:44 So the process started.

01:57:46 In the beginning, the wall was made of rammed earth and wood.

01:57:50 Every next emperor would pick up the big wall project, strengthening and extending it, repairing,

01:57:56 but also modernizing construction techniques.

01:57:59 Some used brick to build the wall, some moved on to granite and marble blocks.

01:58:03 Watchtowers and platforms weren't there from the beginning as well.

01:58:07 They were added 19 centuries after the construction started.

01:58:11 So the wall is quite inconsistent in terms of material, but it only adds more charm to

01:58:15 the construction and shows how much effort and time it took.

01:58:19 You can notice that some bricks have writing carved on them.

01:58:22 They were left by the workers who were building the wall.

01:58:25 The purpose of those writings is quality assurance.

01:58:28 They contain such information as location, quantity, and responsible officials.

01:58:34 So in case of problems with the quality of materials or constructions, it would be known

01:58:38 who was responsible for that.

01:58:40 Also, mind that the wall is poisonous.

01:58:43 To prevent erosion of the wall by insects, arsenic, a poisonous chemical element, was

01:58:48 used in construction.

01:58:50 So better not lick it in case you had this weird urge.

01:58:54 The construction stopped at the end of the 19th century because the wall lost its strategic

01:58:59 and military importance in the world due to technological advances.

01:59:03 Walls are way less efficient than they used to be, coming close to zero efficiency.

01:59:08 So the construction lasted over 2,000 years, still making it the longest construction project

01:59:14 in the world.

01:59:15 Unfortunately, today the Great Wall isn't in the best shape.

01:59:20 It's estimated that only 8% of the wall is in good condition and the rest is considerably

01:59:25 damaged.

01:59:26 Also, around one third of the wall has disappeared without a trace due to both natural erosion

01:59:32 and human damage.

01:59:33 Also, many bricks were taken away from it in the last century to use in building farms

01:59:38 and homes.

01:59:40 The wall is being deconstructed stone by stone even today, but this time by tourists.

01:59:46 Quite a few of them take a stone as a souvenir.

01:59:49 That's a total of a lot of stones, considering that over 50 million tourists visit the Great

01:59:53 Wall every year.

01:59:56 So we're not taking a souvenir from our today's trip, just preserving the memories.

02:00:01 Let's now pay a visit to the Forbidden City.

02:00:04 It's an imperial palace that took 16 years to build and was completed 600 years ago.

02:00:10 To this day, it's the largest palace in the world.

02:00:13 It has 980 buildings and over 8,000 rooms.

02:00:18 Why forbidden?

02:00:19 Well, centuries ago, ordinary people like you and me couldn't just walk the streets

02:00:23 of that town since it was considered a divine place and was home to the emperor.

02:00:28 No one could enter or leave the city without the emperor's permission.

02:00:32 Today, the Chinese more often refer to it as "former palace", but of course in Chinese.

02:00:38 I just can't pronounce that.

02:00:41 The designs there aren't random at all.

02:00:43 The details reflect the traditional Chinese architecture and even the colors are chosen

02:00:48 with the help of feng shui.

02:00:50 The roofs of the city are yellow, which represents the supreme power of the emperor.

02:00:55 Most walls and pillars of the city are red, representing fire, earth, and strong support.

02:01:02 The floors there are made of so-called "gold brick".

02:01:05 These are not actual gold, but surprisingly, they are just as valuable.

02:01:10 It's very hard to make them, and especially to copy the ancient technique.

02:01:14 Two original tiles from the Forbidden City were sold for 800,000 yuan.

02:01:19 It's 115,000 US dollars!

02:01:24 You can also see animal statues on roofs.

02:01:27 Just like colors, animals have meaning in Chinese culture.

02:01:30 Dragons, phoenixes, and lions are the most powerful ones.

02:01:34 Dragons symbolize strength and good luck and are crucial for the culture.

02:01:38 They appear everywhere, in idioms, legends, astrology, art, and so on.

02:01:44 In ancient China, emperors were considered sons of dragons, so it seems like the Targaryens

02:01:49 aren't the only ones after all.

02:01:51 But ordinary people weren't even allowed to have items with dragons.

02:01:55 As for a phoenix, in Chinese mythology, their rare appearance during the ascent to the throne

02:02:00 of a new emperor is a good sign of harmony.

02:02:03 In Feng Shui, it's also a symbol of luck, and when used correctly, it's believed to

02:02:08 bring positive energy to the house.

02:02:11 Lions signify strength and power.

02:02:14 They always come in pairs, a male and a female, and they're the guards.

02:02:18 The number of animal statues on the roof signifies the importance of the building.

02:02:24 The city is made of wood, and without any nails used, they are considered violent, so

02:02:29 they aren't welcome.

02:02:30 You can imagine that a wooden city is a serious fire hazard.

02:02:34 A little fire and the city with a 6th century history will quickly turn to ashes.

02:02:39 So fire prevention is taken very seriously there.

02:02:43 The city has a whole bunch of firefighting equipment, and there's even a special fire

02:02:48 brigade that knows the whole layout of the city better than their own apartment and watches

02:02:52 the city every day.

02:02:55 Walking around the city, you can notice something very unusual.

02:02:59 No birds are sitting on the roofs here, ever.

02:03:02 When it was built, the birds were taken into account, and the engineers constructed the

02:03:07 roofs in a particular way, to ensure that no bird can land and sit on them.

02:03:12 The roof spines are wider than the width of birds' claws, and the slope of each roof

02:03:17 is higher.

02:03:18 Also, the roofs are made of slippery tiles, so the birds can't land there.

02:03:24 What do they have against the birds?

02:03:26 Well, this way the city stays cleaner and looks more magnificent.

02:03:31 So there are no birds, but there are over 100 cats in the city.

02:03:36 They actually are an important part of this story.

02:03:40 Some of these kitties are royal descendants.

02:03:42 You see, two royal dynasties that lived in the city kept cats.

02:03:47 The dynasties later collapsed, but the cats stayed in the city and have lived there ever

02:03:51 since.

02:03:52 Of course, some stray cats have joined the royalty over the years.

02:03:56 But hey, no one minds it, and no DNA test has been made to see who's royal and who's

02:04:01 not.

02:04:02 After all, they all equally patrol the city, hunt mice and possibly some stranded birds,

02:04:07 and guard the city.

02:04:08 So all cats are welcome.

02:04:12 In the airport, they usually ask you to take your laptop out of your backpack and put it

02:04:16 in a separate bin while going through the security check.

02:04:20 Laptops are dense and the x-rays can't see through them, so you could be hiding something

02:04:24 dangerous there.

02:04:26 If it's out and it's on its own in a separate bin, it's easier for the scanners to capture

02:04:30 a prospective hazard.

02:04:32 Normally, the messages you send using iMessage are blue, but look, this time it turned green.

02:04:39 No need to panic, it's not like the user blocked you or anything.

02:04:42 It's just that you sent a regular SMS and not an iMessage.

02:04:46 iMessages can only be sent to people who own an Apple device, so if the recipient doesn't

02:04:51 have one, they're all gonna be green.

02:04:54 Another reason your phone might opt for an SMS is that your iPhone isn't connected to

02:04:58 the internet.

02:04:59 iMessages go through the web, and SMS uses a cellular signal.

02:05:05 The jacks you put in your devices have little plastic rings on them that separate different

02:05:10 sections.

02:05:12 These sections are called pins, and each of them serves a different purpose.

02:05:16 Each plug will have at least one plastic ring because any plug must be separated into at

02:05:20 least two pins.

02:05:23 One of them is there to cancel out any interference, and the other to carry the signal.

02:05:27 If for example your headphones have one ring and two sections, they have a mono playback.

02:05:33 They deliver the same sound to both your right and your left ear.

02:05:36 If there are two rings and three sections, then there is a basic one to cancel out interference

02:05:42 and the other two for either ear.

02:05:45 Three rings and four sections mean that you have a set.

02:05:48 One basic, one for either of the ears, and the last one is the microphone pin.

02:05:55 I bet you've never even noticed, but all credit cards, no matter what bank or country they

02:06:00 come from, are the exact same size.

02:06:03 The first ever credit card was issued in 1958 by the Bank of America, and later the International

02:06:09 Standard was established for every issuer around the world to follow.

02:06:14 The standard dictates both the proportions and the thickness.

02:06:19 Whistles can work perfectly fine even if they don't have that ball inside, yet they all

02:06:23 have it.

02:06:24 That's because even though there's a sound without the ball, the noise it creates is

02:06:29 very flat and not distinguishable enough.

02:06:33 When you blow, the ball starts moving around inside, creating different pitches and making

02:06:37 the noise more noticeable.

02:06:40 Jeans have had those metal rivets ever since they were invented.

02:06:44 Jacob Davis, the man who made the first pair of jeans, added copper rivets to those spots

02:06:49 where the pants were more likely to rip to make them stronger.

02:06:52 Today, they have more of a decorative purpose because they're distinctive and traditional

02:06:57 for jeans.

02:06:59 A basketball has little dots all over its surface and they serve as friction points.

02:07:05 It's important for that ball not to slip out of the hands.

02:07:08 There were times when they played basketball with a soccer ball.

02:07:12 The floor was very slippery and it was impossible to play because you'd have to be very careful

02:07:17 just to keep the ball in place.

02:07:19 So they had to redesign it.

02:07:22 The more points of contact any object has with some surface, the more friction there

02:07:26 is and the less likely it is to slip on the surface.

02:07:29 So that's how the ball got its dots.

02:07:33 Those holes at the end of the handles aren't just there for you to hang your pans easily.

02:07:38 You could also place your cooking spoon in there while making a meal.

02:07:42 It'll hang right above the pan and the sauce won't spill around.

02:07:47 Make sure to tap off the sauce or food beforehand though so that it doesn't go down the spoon's

02:07:52 handle.

02:07:53 You unload the dishwasher and while everything is dry, your plastic containers get all wet

02:07:58 once again.

02:08:00 Seems like they never get dry, and that's actually true.

02:08:03 The reason for it is the material.

02:08:05 The dishes heat up and cool down slowly, so the remaining water evaporates and dries out

02:08:10 easily.

02:08:11 When you take out those plastic containers, they cool down way too fast.

02:08:16 So the water doesn't dry out of the surface and just stays there.

02:08:22 Another water source is those upside-down cups that collect water on top.

02:08:26 But have you noticed that cups have chips on the bottom?

02:08:30 They serve as a water drain in the dishwasher.

02:08:33 So yeah, these cups don't accumulate water in the dishwasher.

02:08:37 Take a look at aluminum foil.

02:08:39 One side of it is always shiny and the other one is dull.

02:08:43 When producing the foil, they flatten it with rollers.

02:08:46 It's so thin that the rollers tear it.

02:08:49 So they take two layers at a time, so the sides facing the roller remain shiny and those

02:08:54 in the middle stay dull.

02:08:58 We say it all the time, 2am and 2pm, without thinking.

02:09:02 Why such a choice of letters?

02:09:05 It's just Latin, which is still used for many other abbreviations.

02:09:08 AM stands for ante meridiem, which means before noon.

02:09:13 PM stands for post meridiem, meaning afternoon.

02:09:18 Same with pounds, which are noted as LB, from the Latin phrase "libra pondo".

02:09:25 Most movie theater seats are red and the reason isn't better visibility, but quite the opposite.

02:09:31 In low-light conditions, red is the first color that fades away in our eyes.

02:09:36 And that's what we want in a movie theater, to see nothing but the screen.

02:09:41 Also, movie theaters were inspired by fancy Italian opera houses, so that's another reason

02:09:46 too.

02:09:48 Have you ever wondered why so many Disney characters wear white gloves?

02:09:52 Well, back when animated movies were black and white, putting white gloves on characters

02:09:58 was a way to make the hands stand out from the rest of the body.

02:10:02 Then animation evolved, but the gloves stayed as a Disney tradition.

02:10:06 But there are other reasons too.

02:10:08 Human hands make animal characters more humanized and relatable.

02:10:12 Also, those gloves are way easier to animate, which speeds up the process.

02:10:18 Cats often rub their bodies against your legs, but do you know why they do it?

02:10:23 This way, they transfer their scent to you, marking you as their territory and as their

02:10:27 human.

02:10:28 It's also a sign of affection.

02:10:31 By doing this, they show that you're part of their inner circle.

02:10:36 Wonder why it's so hard to swat a fly?

02:10:39 Well, to a fly, we're sloths.

02:10:42 That's because they see things in slow motion compared to us.

02:10:47 Species have a different perception of speed.

02:10:49 The speed we see will be twice as fast for a turtle, and it will be four times slower

02:10:53 for a fly.

02:10:55 Turn a video to .25 speed and imagine someone approaching you at this pace.

02:11:00 Well, that's how a fly sees you.

02:11:03 So yeah, it has enough time to escape.

02:11:08 Road signs have different shapes and colors to send different signals to your brain.

02:11:12 Oval shapes are more friendly, and squared ones are very familiar and secure, so they're

02:11:17 usually regulatory.

02:11:19 Triangles reflect instability, so they're usually warning signs.

02:11:23 And finally, the stop sign has a special octagon shape, the most unusual and unsettling.

02:11:30 It's supposed to draw your attention to it.

02:11:32 Together with the red color, this sign stands out the most, just like it's supposed to.

02:11:39 Some sidewalks have little plates with bumps on them.

02:11:42 We don't pay much attention to them, but they're very important for visually impaired people.

02:11:47 They signal a slope that then leads to a crosswalk.

02:11:51 Also, there are several patterns that signal different things.

02:11:55 Name the school grades.

02:11:57 A, B, C, D, and F.

02:12:01 No E, but Y.

02:12:03 The modern grading system dates back to 1897.

02:12:07 In the beginning, it was all the letters from A to E. A meant excellent, B was good, C was

02:12:16 fair, and D was past.

02:12:20 Below that was an E, or fail, which was often confused with the opposite, excellent.

02:12:27 So soon enough, it was changed.

02:12:30 F for fail is way more intuitive.

02:12:37 How long do you think ice cream has been saving humanity on hot summer days?

02:12:43 For many centuries.

02:12:45 No one knows for sure the story of how ice cream was discovered, but it likely dates

02:12:49 back to at least as far as the 4th century BCE.

02:12:55 Of course, it wasn't the ice cream we know today.

02:12:58 Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia, would enjoy snow and ice covered in honey

02:13:03 and nectar.

02:13:04 That's the early ice cream.

02:13:06 The Roman emperor Nero Caesar was eating snow flavored with fruits and juices.

02:13:12 How would those guys get snow if they lived in very warm climates?

02:13:16 Well, their helpers would run up a nearby mountain to bring some from up there.

02:13:21 I'm not sure how they were dealing with it without a refrigerator, but I guess they had

02:13:25 ways.

02:13:26 Some historians say that there were deep pits covered with straw and the snow was stored

02:13:31 there after harvesting it from the mountains.

02:13:33 How it didn't melt on the way to the pit remains a mystery to me, but history has many of those.

02:13:39 Okay, so far it's just been ice and snow, but we all know it's not the ice cream we're

02:13:44 used to.

02:13:45 One of the main ingredients of the dessert we know today is milk, and this one most likely

02:13:51 appeared in China around the 7th century CE.

02:13:55 Back then, the Tang Dynasty was ruling the country and the emperors probably were the

02:13:59 first ones to eat ice cream that contains milk.

02:14:03 Back then, it was made from buffalo, goat or cow milk.

02:14:07 To enhance the flavor and aroma, they were adding camphor to it.

02:14:11 Then metal tubes would be filled with the mixture and stored in an ice pool to freeze.

02:14:17 Let's leave China for a little bit and move to the Arab world during medieval times.

02:14:22 Time to observe what frosty treats they ate there.

02:14:25 They used to drink icy refreshments, the earlier versions of sorbet.

02:14:30 There they were typically made of pomegranate, cherry or quince.

02:14:34 Soon after, the Europeans picked it up and it became quite popular in Europe too.

02:14:39 The Italians and the French are the ones who especially adored it, so they took it from

02:14:44 there and perfected it into their own versions.

02:14:49 In the 17th century, Antonio Latini became the first person to officially record a recipe

02:14:54 for his sorbetto.

02:14:56 It contained fruits, ice, but also sugar and milk.

02:15:00 This is the recipe that most culinary historians consider to be the first official ice cream.

02:15:06 The Italians perfected their own type of sorbet, called gelato.

02:15:11 In Italian, it means frozen.

02:15:13 No one is sure about who exactly invented gelato, but everyone knows the guy who opened

02:15:18 the first café in Paris and started selling it.

02:15:21 An Italian guy from Sicilia opened his Il Precope in 1686 and the café became a favorite

02:15:28 meeting place for famous intellectuals at that time.

02:15:31 That's how the French were first introduced to the Italian gelato, which was sold in porcelain

02:15:36 bowls resembling egg cups.

02:15:39 But you have to remember one important thing.

02:15:42 Never call gelato ice cream, especially in front of Italians.

02:15:47 Even though these two might seem similar, there are many significant differences.

02:15:52 Gelato contains way less fat, less air, and the flavor is more intense, and it's also

02:15:57 served warmer than ice cream.

02:16:00 So that's the Italian way.

02:16:02 The French have perfected their own frozen dessert, the fromage.

02:16:07 This translates from French as cheese, but in fact it has nothing to do with it.

02:16:13 Originally, it was made of cream, sugar, and orange flower water.

02:16:18 Even today, the cream is an important ingredient, so the fromage is creamier and heavier than

02:16:23 a gelato.

02:16:24 Also, did you know that eggs are used to produce both?

02:16:28 Yes, it's an important gelato and fromage ingredient that gives the dessert the necessary

02:16:33 fat but also a specific flavor.

02:16:38 We haven't covered America yet, most likely, ice cream was brought to the USA by European

02:16:44 immigrants.

02:16:45 The first ice cream parlor in the States opened in 1790 in New York.

02:16:50 But until the beginning of the next century, it was only available to the elite.

02:16:55 Once it became more common, of course, it took over the country.

02:16:59 It couldn't be any other way, could it?

02:17:01 When NASA astronauts were asked what they missed most, ice cream was at the top of the

02:17:05 list.

02:17:06 Today, 9% of all produced cow milk in the USA is used to produce ice cream.

02:17:13 The people who love ice cream most in the world live in New Zealand.

02:17:17 The country is the biggest per capita ice cream consumer in the world.

02:17:21 The second one is the United States.

02:17:24 What do you think the most popular ice cream flavor is?

02:17:27 Yeah, that's vanilla, of course.

02:17:30 The second most popular flavor is chocolate.

02:17:33 Turns out, chocolate ice cream was invented earlier.

02:17:36 That's because vanilla wasn't available for a long time.

02:17:39 Today, most vanilla is imported from Indonesia and Madagascar.

02:17:47 Over 1,000 ice cream flavors exist.

02:17:50 There are quite a few really weird ones, like hot dog flavor, bacon, avocado, licorice,

02:17:56 octopus, jellyfish flavor, and even roasted garlic.

02:18:00 Then there's also cheese ice cream, and it's a real and very common thing in the Philippines.

02:18:06 The Philippines only got ice cream in the 19th century, but it wasn't widely available

02:18:11 until a whole century after that.

02:18:14 After refrigeration became widespread, an American opened the first ice cream parlor

02:18:19 in the country, serving ice cream of three flavors, vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry.

02:18:25 Soon after, many more people started producing the frozen treat, incorporating locally available

02:18:30 products like mango, avocado, and coconut.

02:18:34 Instead of cow milk, Filipinos traditionally use milk from domestic water buffalo, which

02:18:39 is also used to make white cheese.

02:18:41 In the second half of the 20th century, cheddar cheese was first imported to the Philippines,

02:18:46 and it became an instant favorite.

02:18:48 It's the ingredient of the famous Filipino spaghetti and a common topping for pastries.

02:18:54 Without thinking long, they combined their favorite cheese with their favorite dessert,

02:18:59 ice cream, and they got an amazing creamy salty sweet cheese ice cream.

02:19:06 So yes, that's a long story.

02:19:08 We mentioned ice drinks, sorbet, and ice cream, but there was no word about popsicles.

02:19:14 That's right, popsicles didn't exist for a long time.

02:19:18 In fact, they were only invented by accident in 1905 by an 11-year-old boy called Frank

02:19:24 Epperson.

02:19:25 On a cold night, he was mixing sugary soda powder with water and forgot it outside after.

02:19:31 After sitting there all night, it got frozen.

02:19:34 When the boy returned and found it, he had to lick it off the wooden stick he was stirring

02:19:38 it with.

02:19:39 He liked it so much that he started producing them.

02:19:42 He called them "Epsicles," honoring his own name, but later the name evolved into

02:19:46 a "Popsicle."

02:19:48 Ice cream cones were invented just a year before popsicles in 1904.

02:19:53 So a guy was selling waffle-like pastries at a fair.

02:19:57 Right next to him, there was another guy selling ice cream.

02:20:00 At some point, the ice cream guy ran out of dishes and didn't know what to do.

02:20:04 So his neighbor rolled his waffle and offered to sell ice cream in them.

02:20:10 The history of ice cream isn't even finished yet.

02:20:14 Frozen treats keep being invented even today.

02:20:17 For example, Slurpees were only invented in the late 1950s.

02:20:21 Omar Knedlik was working at Dairy Queen in Kansas City and the soda fountain broke down.

02:20:27 To keep the beverages cool, he put them in the freezer.

02:20:30 They turned slushy and that's how the guy got the idea to make a machine that makes

02:20:34 frozen beverages.

02:20:36 He even created the icy name and designed a logo for the brand.

02:20:41 Several years later, 7-Eleven bought the right to sell the drinks and they got popular.

02:20:46 The newest ice cream-like invention is Dippin' Dots.

02:20:49 In 1988, a microbiologist wanted an easier way to feed cows.

02:20:54 So he started to freeze cow feed.

02:20:57 Then he thought a little bit more and figured out that you can freeze other food, not only

02:21:02 cow feed.

02:21:03 So he started to freeze ice cream and it was a blast!

02:21:08 That's it for today.

02:21:09 Maybe you can come up with something too and will forever be imprinted in the ice cream

02:21:13 history like all these heroes we mentioned today.

02:21:16 There are sharks that glow in the dark.

02:21:23 For example, Swell Sharks.

02:21:25 They live in the dark ocean depths, almost 1,700 feet under the surface.

02:21:30 No one knows why exactly, but they admit a fluorescent glow only other Swell Sharks can

02:21:35 see.

02:21:36 Scientists detected the glow because they used filters that blocked out yellow light.

02:21:42 They think that could be the way for these big fish to communicate with their buddies.

02:21:46 This glow helps sharks fight infections on a microbial level.

02:21:51 Cowbirds have secret passwords they use to recognize each other.

02:21:55 They're a specific type of parasite bird since they lay their eggs in other bird species

02:22:00 nests.

02:22:01 The young cowbirds have an inner mechanism where they recognize their species singing,

02:22:06 like some sort of secret password only they know.

02:22:09 That's how they manage to find others of their kind.

02:22:12 A grizzly bear has an incredibly strong bite.

02:22:15 It may look cute, but if you're close to this big guy, you better stay out of reach of its

02:22:20 sharp claws and especially its mouth.

02:22:23 Its bite force is more than 8 million pascals, which means it can crush a bowling ball.

02:22:30 Some animals have skin-deep stripes and others have more superficial ones.

02:22:36 Tigers are in the first group.

02:22:37 It only is their first stripes, but their skin is as well.

02:22:41 It's the same with some other furry big cats, like snow leopards.

02:22:45 Giraffes and zebras are in the second group since they have patterns only on their coats.

02:22:52 Speaking of zebras, do you think they're black with white stripes or white with black stripes?

02:22:57 At first, it really looks like the second option is correct.

02:23:00 Their black stripes mostly end towards the inside of their legs and on their bellies,

02:23:05 and the rest of it is white.

02:23:07 But that's not true.

02:23:08 Surprisingly, they're black with white stripes.

02:23:11 All of their fur, both white and black, grows from follicles that have something called

02:23:16 melanocyte cells.

02:23:19 All animals have these cells.

02:23:21 They produce a pigment called melanin, and it gives color to their hair and skin.

02:23:26 When it comes to zebras, chemical messengers tell which melanocytes send pigment to which

02:23:31 area of fur.

02:23:33 That's why zebras have a black and white pattern.

02:23:35 But white is not actually its own pigment.

02:23:38 It's an absence of melanin.

02:23:41 So black is their default color.

02:23:45 Koalas have fingerprints that are so close to ours that they could even taint crime scenes.

02:23:50 It doesn't seem like they have a lot in common with humans, but take a closer look at their

02:23:53 hands.

02:23:55 They have distinctive loops and arches.

02:23:58 So if any koalas want to do something illegal, it would be a good idea for them to wear gloves.

02:24:04 Ghost crabs growl when they're around creatures they don't like or find threatening.

02:24:09 They do it using teeth in their stomachs.

02:24:11 First, they'll let you know they'll defend themselves if you try anything by showing

02:24:16 you their claws.

02:24:18 If that doesn't work, they'll go for fearsome growling noises like dogs.

02:24:22 But the noise is coming from rubbing their three elongated hard teeth inside their stomach.

02:24:28 Ghost crabs produce the same noise when they're grinding up food.

02:24:33 Speaking of teeth, did you know narwhal tusks are actually some sort of an inside-out tooth?

02:24:39 Unlike the majority of other whales, narwhals are the ones that come with a large tusk,

02:24:44 or tooth that grows from the inside of their jaw.

02:24:47 It has up to 10 million nerve endings, and they're unprotected, which means its tusk

02:24:53 is very sensitive to any type of contact.

02:24:56 It's almost like a piece of skin because tusks usually don't have many nerve endings.

02:25:01 Up to 95% of humans are right-handed, and it's the same with bottlenose dolphins.

02:25:08 There are even more right-handed ones among them than among humans.

02:25:12 During one study, scientists found that bottlenose dolphins turn to their left side over 99%

02:25:18 of the time, which means they're right-handed.

02:25:21 They place their right side and right eye closer to the ocean floor as they go for prey,

02:25:27 such as squids, shrimps, or smaller fish.

02:25:30 More cool facts from the ocean.

02:25:32 Did you know humpback whales use bubbles when they go after their prey?

02:25:36 You might think they don't need any special method considering how large they are, but

02:25:40 when they're lurking for prey in the open waters, these whales team up and use something

02:25:45 called a "bubble net" technique.

02:25:48 While swimming in an upward spiral, they blow bubbles underwater.

02:25:52 These bubbles make it difficult for fish to escape.

02:25:56 The oldest evidence we have of domesticated cats dates up to 12,000 years ago.

02:26:03 Researchers discovered this almost 20 years ago when they were digging through an ancient

02:26:07 village in Cyprus.

02:26:09 They found cat bones right next to human ones, which suggested they were close even when

02:26:14 their lives came to an end.

02:26:16 Humans were hunters, so they domesticated dogs first.

02:26:19 Some were up to 29,000 years ago.

02:26:23 Puffins helped them catch other animals, but they didn't think they needed cats until

02:26:27 they started to settle down and store surplus crops.

02:26:30 Mice became frequent guests in grain stores, so cats came in handy in those times.

02:26:37 Puffins are quite innovative when they want to scratch their bodies.

02:26:40 They can surely be proud of their stunning beaks, but they obviously think it's not

02:26:44 enough for scratching.

02:26:46 Researchers noticed they tend to spontaneously take a small wooden stick to scratch an itchy

02:26:51 spot.

02:26:54 There's a special type of ant that only lives in a small part of Manhattan.

02:26:58 The Broadway Medians at the 63rd and 76th Street is the area these crawling critters

02:27:04 decided was the best spot for them.

02:27:06 The Manhattan ant looks like it's from Europe, but no European species can actually match

02:27:11 it.

02:27:12 Hey, Potterheads, can you believe there's a thing like chocolate frog?

02:27:16 Well, not quite, but it looks like it.

02:27:19 New Guinea and Australia weren't always separated.

02:27:22 They spent millions of years together until about 12,000 years ago.

02:27:26 Rising sea levels divided them.

02:27:29 Since they were together for so long, some animals and plants still inhabit both areas,

02:27:34 including green tree frogs.

02:27:37 These frogs have spread really far and wide, and some of them, who live in hot, swampy

02:27:42 regions surrounded by plenty of crocodiles, actually look like they're made of chocolate.

02:27:47 We all know flamingos for their specific color, but they're not actually pink.

02:27:52 They're born gray, and that's how they would stay if it weren't for their diet

02:27:56 of blue-green algae and shrimp.

02:27:59 These foods have a specific natural dye, which is why flamingo feathers turn pink over time.

02:28:06 These little Tasmanian devils grow up and leave their moms.

02:28:09 They socialize together, forming bonds that last for the rest of their lives.

02:28:14 Not only them, cows also have stronger social ties than we think.

02:28:18 They like to socialize, and they make long-lasting friendships.

02:28:22 One research even discovered their heart rates significantly increase as a sign of stress

02:28:27 when they're separated from their BFFs.

02:28:30 Imagine you could simply freeze yourself solid during the cold winter days instead of listening

02:28:35 to your teeth chatter and trying to tighten your jacket.

02:28:38 That's what frogs can do.

02:28:40 Like frogs, mostly hibernate underwater and spend most of the winter at the bottom of

02:28:45 a pond, lake, or some other body of water.

02:28:49 Toads and frogs are generally cold-blooded, which means the temperature of their body

02:28:53 takes on the temperature of their surroundings.

02:28:56 So frogs can freeze during the winter because of a high concentration of sugar or glucose

02:29:01 in their vital organs.

02:29:03 Once they unfreeze, they continue as if nothing happened.

02:29:08 Octopuses have three hearts and blue blood.

02:29:11 They can move at speeds of 25 miles per hour, and they spray ink that not only blurs the

02:29:16 predator's visual field but actually harms them.

02:29:20 Also, they have nine brains, the central one and eight smaller brains located in their

02:29:25 arms.

02:29:26 That's why their arms can open a shellfish while the central brain is busy doing something

02:29:30 else.

02:29:31 An octopus even tastes with its arms.

02:29:35 They have cells in their suckers that enable the arms to touch and taste in a way that

02:29:39 they detect chemicals marine creatures produce.

02:29:42 That way, an octopus can distinguish prey from rocks.

02:29:47 The button on the top of your baseball cap is there purely for aesthetic purposes.

02:29:52 By the way, this little thing has a name.

02:29:55 Professionals call it a "squatcho."

02:29:58 Its initial function was to hold the four panels of the cap together.

02:30:01 As hat-making improved, the panels stopped needing it to hold together, and "squatcho"

02:30:06 was removed.

02:30:07 But hats didn't look the same without it.

02:30:09 Soon after, the "squatcho" returned due to popular demand.

02:30:14 Originally, high-heeled shoes weren't intended for galas and proms.

02:30:19 Back in the 10th century, horse riding was pretty tough with flat-soled shoes, and many

02:30:23 riders' feet would constantly fall out of the stirrups.

02:30:27 Higher heels helped deal with that problem.

02:30:29 The grip was much firmer with them, and they grew in popularity.

02:30:33 It wasn't long before they became a fashion accessory to match stylish outfits.

02:30:38 Notable people wouldn't want to be seen without them.

02:30:41 Riding a horse with fancy heels was the equivalent of owning a luxurious sports car.

02:30:46 Even though heels were worn mainly by men at the start, ladies picked up on the iconic

02:30:50 trend in the 17th century.

02:30:52 It's been one of the biggest ever since.

02:30:55 In ancient Rome, salt was so precious that people even called it "white gold."

02:31:01 With scorching heat and no fridges, its purpose was to preserve food, mainly meat and fish.

02:31:07 As a bonus, it made everything tastier.

02:31:10 "Sol," which is "salt" in Latin, was used instead of money to pay salaries.

02:31:15 Here is where the word "salary" originated.

02:31:19 Rice is the oldest cultivated food in human history.

02:31:22 Its origins as wild grass started in a small valley around 15,000 years ago in Southeast

02:31:28 Asia.

02:31:29 Today, it's served globally as a staple diet and popular ingredient to 3.5 billion people.

02:31:37 It would be difficult to imagine a world without video calls you use through your phone camera

02:31:42 or laptop.

02:31:44 The technology has helped game-changing innovations like working from home.

02:31:48 Still, video calls' original purpose is far from how we use them today.

02:31:53 The technology was introduced to confirm if the coffee was still in a pot.

02:31:58 In 1993, researchers at the University of Cambridge found it frustrating when they took

02:32:02 a break to get a cup of coffee, only to find that the pot was empty.

02:32:07 So they invented a device to monitor it and hooked up a camera that provided their computer

02:32:12 with a live stream of the coffee pot.

02:32:15 Thanks to these researchers, we can work in pajamas now!

02:32:19 We know Albert Einstein for various achievements, but there's something he co-invented that

02:32:24 goes overlooked.

02:32:26 Together with his student, he invented a modified refrigerator.

02:32:30 It's not like the ones we use today.

02:32:32 In the 1920s, fridges weren't quite as safe as they produced poisonous gases.

02:32:37 He wanted to create a safer version that didn't require electricity, without moving parts,

02:32:42 and only needed a heat source to operate.

02:32:45 Unfortunately, there wasn't enough funding, so the project dried up.

02:32:48 Later, in the 1950s, electric fridges became popular.

02:32:52 But in 2008, engineers from Oxford University revived this retro design.

02:32:58 They're still working on it, but once they finish, the Einstein fridge will come in handy

02:33:02 for rural areas without power and people who want to live off the grid.

02:33:07 That random, qwerty design doesn't make things easier.

02:33:11 In the 1870s, Christopher Scholz invented a layout that ensured typing was twice as

02:33:16 fast.

02:33:17 But with commonly used letters next to each other, it was a bit too fast, and the machines

02:33:22 constantly jammed.

02:33:23 So he then developed the qwerty design.

02:33:26 It forced typists to adopt a pecking style.

02:33:29 This way, they would search for a letter and slowly type with their index fingers.

02:33:34 The keyboards remain unchanged even today, and people all over the world have somehow

02:33:39 adapted to them.

02:33:40 The plastic end of your shoelace is an aglet, and people have used it since ancient Rome.

02:33:47 Sure thing, they had no plastic back then, so those aglets were made of stone, glass,

02:33:52 or even metal.

02:33:54 Extra wealthy people could accessorize their shoes with precious metals, like brass or

02:33:59 silver.

02:34:01 What came first, the TV or the remote control?

02:34:04 The technology that functions in the remote is older by several decades.

02:34:09 In 1898, Nikola Tesla created a machine to control mechanical devices with radio waves.

02:34:15 Initially, he tried selling the idea of a radio waves device operating I/O through remote

02:34:20 control boats.

02:34:22 But the potential buyers were not interested.

02:34:25 He was way ahead of his time, as remote controls were finally used with televisions in 1956.

02:34:31 As engineer Percy Spencer initially invented something brilliant in 1945, he was working

02:34:37 on a new vacuum tube, the Magnetron, which was used with early radar systems.

02:34:42 While working on the project, he found that the chocolate in his pocket had melted.

02:34:47 Realizing the heating potential of the Magnetron, he used it on corn kernels, which turned into

02:34:51 popcorn.

02:34:52 Then, he tried testing it with eggs, but things got a bit messy.

02:34:57 So once the yolk was washed away, he built a metal box, keeping the energy within, and

02:35:02 the first microwave oven was built.

02:35:06 In 1733, a Duke in England requested William Kent, an architect, to make a traveling device

02:35:12 for his kids.

02:35:14 William accepted and built the first ever stroller, but nobody had to push it.

02:35:19 Instead of handles, it was built like a carriage and pulled by a goat or a small pony.

02:35:23 Only a few were made as it was pricey.

02:35:27 More than 100 years later, in 1848, the first stroller with push handles became available

02:35:32 and more affordable.

02:35:36 Donuts are often associated with donuts, and there is actually a reason why.

02:35:40 During the 1950s in the USA, police officers that worked night shifts found it hard to

02:35:45 locate anywhere open for a midnight snack.

02:35:48 Donut shops at this time were family-owned.

02:35:50 They were working hard throughout the night, providing fresh donuts for the coming day.

02:35:54 The shops were vulnerable at night, becoming the perfect relationship.

02:35:58 Nourishment for the police and extra protection for the shops.

02:36:03 Popping bubble wrap is an excellent source of relaxation, and it's also helpful with

02:36:07 delicate packages.

02:36:09 In 1957, two engineers glued together two shower curtains, trapping the air bubbles

02:36:15 between.

02:36:16 This is how the first bubble wrap was made.

02:36:19 The result they were looking for was a sort of textured wallpaper.

02:36:22 Still, it didn't go well on the market.

02:36:25 Sometime later, they tried to sell it as insulation for greenhouses, and once again, they failed.

02:36:31 Everything changed in 1960 when IBM needed to ship delicate computer parts.

02:36:36 The bubble wrap was perfect, and they continued to collaborate.

02:36:41 Using maps with your phone has become a far easier way to navigate, but the old-fashioned

02:36:46 handheld maps were once the only option, creating a competitive industry.

02:36:51 So much so that map makers would draw in phantom settlements to avoid rivals stealing from

02:36:56 them.

02:36:57 These fake towns were called a copyright trap.

02:37:00 However, one of these fake settlements became real.

02:37:04 Agloe in New York was drawn into a map by General Drafting Co.

02:37:08 Another competing map maker had also included this town on their own, and the copyright

02:37:13 trap was sprung.

02:37:14 But in court, they found that in 1950, a general store had actually been built there.

02:37:20 And the owner assumed that Agloe was a real area based on the map, so he named the shop

02:37:25 after it.

02:37:26 So, there was no violation found, as technically, Agloe was real, thanks to that general store.

02:37:33 In 1943, Vesta Stout from Illinois was working with securing parcels.

02:37:38 She was disappointed with the poor paper tape, as it would fall apart when wet.

02:37:43 So she asked her boss to try to make waterproof tape.

02:37:46 Her request was ignored, but she wrote a letter to President Roosevelt with an idea of how

02:37:51 to make a better tape.

02:37:53 Not only did she explain her concept, but she also provided it with detailed designs.

02:37:58 He approved the idea and ordered the changes.

02:38:00 The new tape was so helpful for freight transport that everyone wanted it, and they started

02:38:05 selling it at hardware stores.

02:38:08 In the 1950s, many people would wrap air ducts, and it was then deceptively named "duct tape."

02:38:14 Still, the adhesive on the sticky side wasn't suitable for cold and hot temperatures, which

02:38:19 caused the tape to fall off.

02:38:21 Despite this, people continued to use that tape for almost everything else.

02:38:26 There are things about your body you know for sure.

02:38:30 Or don't you?

02:38:31 Can you guess what exactly is a myth or fact?

02:38:35 One point is for each correct answer.

02:38:37 Let me know your score!

02:38:40 Brown eggs are more nutritious than white eggs.

02:38:43 Myth or fact?

02:38:44 Myth.

02:38:45 There is no study saying brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.

02:38:48 The only difference is the color of the egg shell.

02:38:51 The color of the egg shell doesn't affect its nutrition or quality.

02:38:55 That is related to the type of chicken.

02:38:57 Chickens with white ear lobes tend to have white eggs.

02:39:03 Have you heard that a large amount of the dust in your home is actually decanted skin?

02:39:08 Not cool, I know.

02:39:09 Do you think this is a myth or a fact?

02:39:12 This is a myth!

02:39:13 You're not just mopping your skin flakes from the floor.

02:39:16 Many other components make the house dust – fibers, hair, building materials, mold,

02:39:21 pollen, insect body parts, and ash are some of them, according to the study made in Canadian

02:39:27 houses.

02:39:28 This makes sense because a house nearby a busy highway or in a renovation area has more

02:39:33 dust than a house in the middle of a forest.

02:39:37 Skin is our largest organ.

02:39:39 Is this a fact or myth?

02:39:41 It's a fact.

02:39:42 You might think for a second that the intestine can be quite large when you unfold it, but

02:39:46 nope!

02:39:47 Skin wins the contest.

02:39:49 An adult carries around 8 pounds and 22 square feet of skin.

02:39:56 Can't think of us without a skin.

02:39:58 It's not just there to cover our bodies, it has an essential role in protecting us too.

02:40:03 You can't breathe and swallow at the same time.

02:40:06 Myth or fact?

02:40:08 It's a fact.

02:40:09 Maybe you already knew the correct answer, but you tried it anyway after reading this,

02:40:13 so see it for yourself.

02:40:15 So in your throat there are two passageways important for your survival.

02:40:18 I'm putting aside the fancy medical names and I'll refer to those two as airway and

02:40:23 food pipe.

02:40:24 They prevent breathing and swallowing simultaneously.

02:40:26 Otherwise, food would enter the airway and cause severe complications.

02:40:35 This doesn't always go as planned.

02:40:37 That's why sometimes you end up coughing and preventing the piece of food from reaching

02:40:41 the lungs.

02:40:43 As well as having unique fingerprints, humans also have unique tongue prints.

02:40:47 Is this a myth or fact?

02:40:49 Fact!

02:40:51 The human tongue is magnificent enough in its features that make us taste the food.

02:40:55 It's also unique in its texture.

02:40:58 People use biometric systems like fingerprints, voice scans, and iris scans for authentication.

02:41:03 They are important to the identification and verification phases.

02:41:08 Tongue print is unique, so it's very hard to copy it.

02:41:11 It can be used as a biometric system tool too.

02:41:14 What if people started using this system in their daily lives for safety reasons?

02:41:18 Imagine locking a safe or your phone with a tongue print!

02:41:23 An adult spends three hours in the bathroom every week.

02:41:26 Do you think this is a fact or a myth?

02:41:29 It's a fact!

02:41:30 A poll by scientists reveals that an average adult spends three hours and nine minutes

02:41:35 on the toilet every week.

02:41:37 This is more than the time they spent exercising.

02:41:40 Take your sweet time.

02:41:41 No need to rush.

02:41:43 You swallow eight spiders a year while sleeping.

02:41:46 Myth or fact?

02:41:48 Don't believe it?

02:41:49 Lucky for us, and for the spiders of course, this is not true.

02:41:54 Fear no more and have a good night's sleep.

02:41:56 But spiders don't deliberately come near humans.

02:41:59 Plus, vibrations coming from a sleeping person might be uncanny for them.

02:42:03 Or maybe the spider just lives in the habitat.

02:42:06 It thinks that you are flatmates sharing a room.

02:42:08 As long as there is actual evidence, I call this a myth.

02:42:13 Your thigh bone can resist thousands of pounds of force.

02:42:16 Do you think this is a myth or a fact?

02:42:18 Yes, this is a fact.

02:42:20 People generally refer to it as tight bone.

02:42:23 But its actual name is femur bone.

02:42:26 This bone is located on the upper part of your leg.

02:42:30 Experts say that this bone is hard to break.

02:42:32 It's one of the two strongest bones in our anatomy.

02:42:36 The first one is the temporal bone of the skull.

02:42:39 If you wondered about the first one.

02:42:41 Anyway, a tight bone can support 30 times more of your body weight.

02:42:45 Maybe it's because the femur bone is the longest and largest bone in the human body.

02:42:50 Do you believe that shaving your hair makes it grow back thicker?

02:42:54 Fact or myth?

02:42:55 Watch how I debunk that myth.

02:42:58 Experts say shaving doesn't affect the thickness of the hair.

02:43:01 The hair's head didn't remove, so the root is still there.

02:43:04 You only shave the upper part.

02:43:06 After a shave, the hair grows bluntly because it's been cut.

02:43:11 That's why you may feel it's getting thicker.

02:43:14 It's safe to eat food that's been on the floor for 5 seconds or less.

02:43:17 Is this a fact or a myth?

02:43:19 Sorry for blocking the best way you justify eating something that fell on the floor.

02:43:23 There's no such thing as the 5-second rule.

02:43:26 Researchers found that a substantial amount of bacteria transferred to the food within

02:43:31 5 seconds.

02:43:32 The moisture of the food directly affects contamination.

02:43:36 Imagine you drop a slice of watermelon and chips on the floor.

02:43:39 I don't know why you're eating both together or how you end up dropping them both.

02:43:43 But let's continue with this example anyway.

02:43:45 The watermelon will have more contamination than chips.

02:43:48 Because watermelon has more moisture in it.

02:43:51 The surface of the watermelon is more open to transferring bacteria.

02:43:55 Blondes and redheads may soon disappear.

02:43:58 Myth or fact?

02:44:00 An easy one, right?

02:44:02 This is a myth.

02:44:03 Red or blonde colored hairs are connected to recessive genes.

02:44:07 They can be carried from one generation to another without creating the hair color of

02:44:10 the carrier.

02:44:11 If both parents have the correct recessive genes, the chances are high that the next

02:44:15 generation will have blonde or red hair.

02:44:20 These genes are rare, but populations still have those genes carried out so they won't

02:44:24 get lost forever.

02:44:25 For that to happen, literally everyone on the planet who carries that gene must disappear.

02:44:31 So the chances are low.

02:44:36 Drinking coffee dehydrates you.

02:44:38 Is it a fact or myth?

02:44:40 Myth!

02:44:41 You can enjoy your morning coffee.

02:44:42 Ok, you may visit the bathroom more frequently after drinking coffee.

02:44:46 But it doesn't mean you're losing more water.

02:44:49 There are numerous studies made about the effects of caffeine.

02:44:53 Some of these studies reveal that drinking a reasonable amount of coffee a day doesn't

02:44:57 increase the risk of dehydration.

02:45:01 Eating yogurt helps your digestion.

02:45:04 Do you think this is a fact or just another myth?

02:45:07 A fact, but with the right choice of yogurt.

02:45:10 Yogurt is food containing probiotics.

02:45:13 They are the good bacteria that make everything flow smoothly in your gut.

02:45:17 Eating yogurt alone may not be enough to have a healthy digestive system.

02:45:22 It supports the digestive system positively.

02:45:25 Keep in mind though, not all yogurts are equal.

02:45:28 Some of them have sugar in them or they come with toppings like candy or cookies.

02:45:33 Go for the classic ones.

02:45:36 Your hair will grow faster if you have it cut more often.

02:45:40 Fact or myth?

02:45:41 We were always told not to cry too much over the hair we lost because it would grow back

02:45:45 faster.

02:45:46 Unfortunately, the hair growth rate doesn't depend on how often you get a haircut.

02:45:51 The average hair growth rate is 0.01 inches per day.

02:45:56 Plus, many factors affect it, age, hormones, and even the time of year.

02:46:02 Knowing this new fact may make some people postpone their hairdresser appointments.

02:46:06 Apples, you usually grab in the supermarket, seem super fresh.

02:46:12 But they can be up to a year old.

02:46:15 It's all about how they're stored.

02:46:17 First they're covered with wax, next the wax is dried with hot air, and finally, the

02:46:21 apples go into cold storage.

02:46:24 Sloths are better at breath-holding than dolphins.

02:46:27 Those lazy buddies can slow their heart rate and hold their breath this way for up to 40

02:46:32 minutes.

02:46:33 If they watched any breathtaking series, they'd literally breathe once per episode.

02:46:39 If you look at any old photograph, you'll see that people didn't have those big smiles

02:46:43 we love to have in the photos today.

02:46:45 First, photographers preferred to keep things serious, so instead of cheese, people would

02:46:50 say prunes to keep their lips tight.

02:46:53 Another thing.

02:46:55 Earth is not the only planet with water.

02:46:58 Scientists from NASA strongly believe one of Jupiter's moons, Europa, has an ocean

02:47:02 with twice as much water as we have on our planet.

02:47:06 It's hidden under a thick layer of ice.

02:47:08 Even Mars has some liquid water flowing.

02:47:11 Cicadas are some of the biggest flying insects you can find out there.

02:47:15 Most species are not that impressive, only about 1-2 inches long.

02:47:19 Only.

02:47:20 But the largest one, known as the Empress cicada, has a body length of about 3 inches.

02:47:26 In comparison, its wingspan reaches a whopping 8 inches.

02:47:29 That's a really big bug.

02:47:32 Not all goats peacefully munch on meadow grass.

02:47:35 Some of them prefer climbing trees for food.

02:47:38 But Moroccan goats – a natural phenomenon unique to North Africa.

02:47:42 The thing is, they're way more attracted to argan tree fruits than to regular grass.

02:47:47 That's quite understandable – those fruits look just like golden apples.

02:47:51 These goats are quite agile, so they easily climb up the trees to get the juicy treats.

02:47:57 And they rarely need help from their nanny.

02:47:59 There's a creature that can technically live forever.

02:48:02 You see, there's a species of jellyfish, known as Tourseverva d'Orla, or however

02:48:08 you pronounce their name on the screen.

02:48:11 Those guys have a superpower of respawning.

02:48:14 So whenever they get any sort of physical damage or something, those jellyfish reset

02:48:18 themselves back to the polyp stage and start all over again.

02:48:23 Now let's test you.

02:48:24 Are there more trees on Earth or stars in the Milky Way?

02:48:28 If your answer is stars, sorry, you're wrong.

02:48:31 According to scientists' estimations, there are up to 100 billion stars in our galaxy

02:48:37 and about 3 trillion trees on Earth.

02:48:39 Now that's impressive!

02:48:42 Pluto still hasn't made a complete orbit since it was discovered, and now imagine that

02:48:46 it was found back in 1930.

02:48:49 It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make a full orbit around the Sun.

02:48:54 By the way, Mercury is the fastest.

02:48:57 It takes only about 88 days for this planet to make a full trip.

02:49:00 However, Pluto will complete its first full orbit since its discovery in 2178.

02:49:06 I can't wait!

02:49:08 One more fun fact about planets.

02:49:10 The dwarf planet Haumea has a very peculiar shape.

02:49:14 It looks exactly like a potato.

02:49:17 It's about the same size as Pluto and has rings similar to those Saturn has.

02:49:21 If you ever want to find it, it's located beyond the orbit of Neptune.

02:49:26 Nachos aren't some ancient Mexican food.

02:49:28 They were invented less than 100 years ago.

02:49:31 Ignacio Aña, nicknamed "Nacho," is said to have created this dish in the 1940s.

02:49:36 There's a nice story behind nachos.

02:49:39 A regular customer got really hungry and asked if Ignacio could bring her and her three friends

02:49:44 something different that day.

02:49:45 He saw how hungry the ladies were and decided to cook something quick for them.

02:49:50 He had to improvise using available ingredients, so he put some tortillas, grated loads of

02:49:55 cheese on top of them, and heated the dish from above.

02:49:58 To make the dish more savory, he added some jalapeno peppers on top.

02:50:03 Mamie Finan, that very regular customer, asked what the name of the unusual snack was.

02:50:08 Ignacio didn't think long and said the name was "Nacho Special."

02:50:14 Oranges aren't necessarily orange.

02:50:16 If grown in subtropical regions, the climate isn't cold enough to break down the chlorophyll,

02:50:21 so the fruit peel stays yellow or greenish.

02:50:24 Fresh oranges usually get treated with ethylene gas that can help turn the oranges orange.

02:50:30 Orange you impressed with that?

02:50:31 Ok, it's time for a little riddle for you.

02:50:34 What's common between peanut butter and an engagement ring?

02:50:37 Both of them contain diamonds!

02:50:40 Scientists have learned how to turn peanut butter into diamonds.

02:50:43 They extracted the oxygen from CO2, they got the carbon, and then put it under intense

02:50:48 pressure, and in the end, they got diamonds.

02:50:52 Isn't a jiff, I suppose!

02:50:54 Pufferfish, also known as blowfish, are famous for two things – it's clumsy and it can

02:51:00 literally turn into a sort of a balloon.

02:51:03 Blowing themselves up helps them survive in the wild – they are inedible when swollen.

02:51:08 Well, they're not entirely inedible even when they're deflated.

02:51:11 Their poison is over a thousand times more toxic than cyanide.

02:51:15 Don't count on antidotes, they just don't exist.

02:51:18 Or probably, we need more time to find one.

02:51:21 Not only can people become knights, but penguins can do that too.

02:51:25 There's one living in Edinburgh, and it was granted knighthood back in 2008.

02:51:30 Meet Nils Olof III, the mascot and colonel-in-chief of the Norwegian Kings Guard.

02:51:38 What size of shoes do you wear?

02:51:39 I bet it's way smaller than the size the Statue of Liberty wears.

02:51:43 No statue needs shoes, but if the Statue of Liberty wanted to grab a pair of new sneakers,

02:51:48 she'd need to look for size 879.

02:51:52 No surprise here – she's 151 feet tall.

02:51:56 These are our muscles that can cause goosebumps.

02:51:59 These tiny fan-shaped muscles are called erector pili, and we have them at the base of every

02:52:05 hair follicle.

02:52:06 Whenever it's cold, they get contracted, which makes our hairs literally stand up,

02:52:11 creating goosebumps.

02:52:13 You may think you're not an athlete, but if you've ironed your clothes in very uncomfortable

02:52:18 locations at least once, you already are.

02:52:21 Sort of.

02:52:22 Extreme ironing is an extreme sport where people take ironing boards to very unexpected

02:52:27 places such as forests, canoes, or mountains and iron the clothes there.

02:52:32 Some do that even on the top of bronze statues or underwater.

02:52:36 And yeah, there are even official championships.

02:52:39 Haven't these people heard of permanent press?

02:52:42 Rap battles aren't something that appeared recently.

02:52:45 In medieval England, there was something called "flighting," which was very much like

02:52:49 contemporary rap battles.

02:52:51 It was quite popular in the 15th and 16th centuries when two opponents mocked each other

02:52:56 in an improvised battle.

02:52:59 Tongue map says we have different parts for different tastes.

02:53:02 Well, not really.

02:53:03 There are individual taste buds that sense certain flavors more than they do with some

02:53:07 others, but it doesn't mean one area can taste sweet better than the other.

02:53:12 Studies show that all mouth areas have taste buds sensitive to all tastes.

02:53:18 Chameleons don't change colors because they want to match their surroundings.

02:53:21 That would probably be a very tiring thing to do.

02:53:24 In reality, some other things, like mood, temperature, or the amount of light they get,

02:53:29 affect their color.

02:53:30 When chameleons relax and stretch cells, crystals that are inside of them are affected by the

02:53:35 light.

02:53:36 These reptiles use crystals to communicate with each other.

02:53:39 So, for example, darker shades show that they're not in such a good mood.

02:53:44 It's more like they feel kinda grumpy.

02:53:46 Ah, beware the grumpy chameleon!

02:53:50 Turkeys can blush just like people do.

02:53:52 It works the same way.

02:53:53 They blush when angry, excited, or even feel bad.

02:53:57 You can see the skin on their necks and heads turn red.

02:54:01 Opossums don't really sleep while hanging by their tails.

02:54:04 You see that in cartoons and some photos, but in general, they don't.

02:54:08 Their tails are strong, so these animals can grip branches and hold their weight, but only

02:54:12 for shorter periods.

02:54:14 Adults are really too heavy to stay in this position for too long, so they wouldn't get

02:54:18 too much rest.

02:54:19 So, I could say, hanging by their tail overnight is sort of impossum-ble.

02:54:26 Pockets are usually on the left side of shirts because most people are right-handed.

02:54:30 Is this a myth or a fact?

02:54:33 This is actually true.

02:54:34 Many products favor the righties.

02:54:36 Right-handed people will relate to this on so many levels.

02:54:39 Let's say public transport.

02:54:42 Have you ever noticed that the scanner at stations is typically on the right side?

02:54:47 Household equipment and devices are one more example.

02:54:49 Scissors, tweezers, bottle openers, and many other kitchen and household appliances are

02:54:54 designed with right-handed people in mind.

02:54:58 The same goes for shirt pockets.

02:55:00 While some people use both hands equally and others change their hand preference between

02:55:03 tasks, overall, most people are right-handed.

02:55:08 A study has revealed that 75% to 90% of the world's population are right-handed and 10%

02:55:14 are left-handed.

02:55:15 This means it's more convenient for most people to have pockets on the left side than on the

02:55:20 right side of their garments.

02:55:22 Try it out for yourself.

02:55:23 Your elbow kind of folds when you try to reach into the pocket on the right side.

02:55:28 Whereas on the left side, your elbow makes an arc shape, which makes it easier to put

02:55:32 things inside the pocket and take them out.

02:55:36 Eating more protein leads to having bigger muscles.

02:55:39 What do you think about this, bodybuilders?

02:55:41 Myth or fact?

02:55:43 This is a myth.

02:55:45 It's true that eating protein is essential for building bigger muscles.

02:55:48 I mean, proteins are building blocks of your body.

02:55:51 And yet, eating more than you need is unnecessary.

02:55:56 Everyone should drink 8 glasses of water a day.

02:55:58 Do you think this is a myth or a fact?

02:56:02 This is a myth, so don't blame yourself for drinking less water than recommended.

02:56:06 Eight glasses are not a magic number.

02:56:09 Hydration needs differ from one person to another.

02:56:13 How much water you should drink every day depends on your activity and exercise level.

02:56:18 The temperature of the place where you live affects this number, too.

02:56:21 If you live in a hot area, you sweat more and need to drink more water.

02:56:24 Soup, coffee, tea, fruits, and other things you eat daily also contain water.

02:56:32 Carrots are high in sugar, so you should avoid eating them.

02:56:35 If this is true, we should warn bunnies.

02:56:38 Any guesses, fact or myth?

02:56:41 It's a myth.

02:56:42 Carrots are about 85% water.

02:56:44 One pound of cooked carrots only contains 3 teaspoons of sugar.

02:56:49 Compared to the amount of sugar in desserts, this is nothing.

02:56:52 Plus, carrots are high in phytochemicals, and eating them can help lower blood sugar.

02:56:59 Medieval people believed in flat Earth.

02:57:01 Is this a myth or a fact?

02:57:03 Obviously, flat Earth is a myth.

02:57:06 But so is the history built around this myth.

02:57:09 You can't say that at those times.

02:57:11 The whole world was skeptical about Earth's spherical shape.

02:57:15 Even everyday visible things proved that.

02:57:17 For example, medieval people could see that the twilight glow during sunrise and sunset

02:57:22 formed an arc over the horizon.

02:57:26 Vikings wore horned helmets.

02:57:28 Is this a myth or fact?

02:57:31 The well-known image of a Viking warrior is almost always completed with a horned helmet.

02:57:36 But in reality, there were no horns.

02:57:39 There's no evidence that Viking helmets were horned.

02:57:44 Detox juices cleanse your body.

02:57:46 Is this a fact or myth?

02:57:49 It's a myth.

02:57:50 Detoxification doesn't work that way.

02:57:52 Your internal organs are responsible for the process of cleansing the spleen, liver, kidneys,

02:57:57 especially the liver.

02:58:00 Your body is always in a natural state of cleansing itself.

02:58:03 A person doesn't need to drink juices for detoxification.

02:58:08 Nuts are junk food.

02:58:10 Any thoughts?

02:58:11 Myth or fact?

02:58:14 You're right.

02:58:15 This is a myth.

02:58:16 Nuts are full of healthy fats.

02:58:18 They're good for your heart and other organs.

02:58:22 The average American throws away about 82 pounds of textile waste per year.

02:58:27 Is this a fact or myth?

02:58:30 Fact!

02:58:31 Imagine all that waste!

02:58:33 When someone throws their clothes away, they don't disappear into thin air.

02:58:37 These items most likely reach landfills as their final destination.

02:58:41 Donating clothes and selling them in second-hand stores are a much better option.

02:58:46 Now, you've probably heard about life-saving laundry tricks that are said to make your

02:58:51 clothes super clean and as good as they were on day one.

02:58:55 What if those laundry tips are actually myths?

02:58:58 I got three of them lined up for you.

02:59:01 Shirts should be buttoned when you put them in the laundry.

02:59:04 Is it true or not?

02:59:06 This is a myth.

02:59:07 You'd better keep zippers closed to keep their teeth from catching the fabric of other

02:59:11 clothes.

02:59:12 But fastening the buttons of a shirt can expand the button net and the buttonhole.

02:59:17 In the long term, buttons will start slipping out of place.

02:59:21 Washing clothes in hot water is the most effective way to clean them.

02:59:25 Is this a myth or fact?

02:59:28 That's another laundry myth.

02:59:30 You want to rid your clothes of germs, yet hot water alone won't be enough for this.

02:59:35 Nowadays, many detergents can clean clothes in cold or warm water.

02:59:40 You should remove stains from the face of the fabric.

02:59:43 Is it true?

02:59:45 Most people apply water and soap to the stain starting from the front side of the fabric,

02:59:50 but that's not the best option.

02:59:52 A much better way is to start from the back.

02:59:55 The stain can go deeper if you treat it from the front.

02:59:58 Try to make the stain move up to the surface rather than push it inside.

03:00:04 Listening to music is an effective tool for learning languages.

03:00:07 Is it a myth or fact?

03:00:10 It's a fact!

03:00:11 Scientists say listening to a song and humming along can help you learn a language.

03:00:16 Most people struggle to learn grammar, yet in our daily lives, we don't always follow

03:00:21 grammar rules.

03:00:22 Languages can help you pick up informal expressions.

03:00:26 Scientists have also concluded that music can help you remember new words and add them

03:00:30 to your vocabulary.

03:00:32 Let me give you an example.

03:00:34 It's from your first year at school.

03:00:35 Yep, the alphabet song!

03:00:39 Are you a morning person or a night owl?

03:00:41 Either way, you might want to know these facts and myths about sleep.

03:00:47 The longest someone went without sleep was 11 days.

03:00:50 Do you think this is possible or is it an urban legend?

03:00:55 This is a fact!

03:00:56 Randy Gardner set the record for the longest amount of time a person went without sleep.

03:01:01 It was an experiment carried out by Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William C. Dement.

03:01:07 The doctor recorded and monitored Randy Gardner's sleep activity.

03:01:11 Gardner managed to stay awake for 11 days and 25 minutes.

03:01:16 Your body eventually gets used to getting less sleep, myth or fact?

03:01:22 It's a myth!

03:01:23 There are many studies proving that your body and especially your brain can't get used to

03:01:27 sleeping less.

03:01:29 Have you noticed that after a few nights of insufficient sleep, you begin to feel groggier

03:01:33 during the day?

03:01:34 That's your body trying to adjust to not getting enough rest.

03:01:38 Long-term sleep deprivation affects your daytime performance, focus, and decision-making.

03:01:45 Many grown-ups need 5 or fewer hours of sleep.

03:01:48 Can it be true?

03:01:49 Well, this one's easy.

03:01:51 It's a myth!

03:01:52 Experts from the National Sleep Foundation recommend that the average adult sleeps 7

03:01:57 to 9 hours per night.

03:01:59 Some people have a genetic mutation thanks to which they wake up refreshed after a short

03:02:04 night's sleep, but such people are an exception.

03:02:07 One in 4 million.

03:02:09 The ability to fall asleep in any place and at any time means you're a good sleeper.

03:02:15 What do you think, myth or fact?

03:02:18 It's a myth!

03:02:19 A good sleeper gets a proper amount of sleep and has a regular sleep schedule.

03:02:25 Cats spend two-thirds of their life asleep.

03:02:28 Do you believe that?

03:02:30 This will probably come as no surprise.

03:02:32 It's a fact!

03:02:33 How many of the facts and myths did you guess correctly?

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