101 Random Facts That Are Awesomely Weird

Bright Side

Ever wondered about some totally off-the-wall facts that'll blow your mind? Well, we gotcha covered with this video! It's chock-full of 101 random tidbits that are seriously bizarre but oh-so-cool. From funky animal behaviors to mind-blowing historical nuggets, there's somethin' in there for everyone. Warning: these facts might change the way you see the world, so watch with caution.   Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/   Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV   Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightside Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en   Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Transcript

00:00 When astronauts come back to Earth from space,

00:02 they're usually a couple of inches taller than they were before leaving our planet.

00:06 Your body acts in an unusual way when you free it from gravity.

00:11 Without your entire weight that compresses the cartilage in your spine and joints,

00:15 your body gets a bit longer in zero-gravity conditions.

00:19 But this doesn't last forever.

00:21 The effect goes away after some time.

00:23 A similar thing happens on Earth, too.

00:27 When you lie down for a good night's sleep,

00:29 you get a bit taller, no more than 0.4 inches, but still.

00:33 That's why you're taller in the morning than you are at the end of the day.

00:37 There's a weird-looking mushroom, with teeth, that looks as if it's bleeding.

00:43 No wonder it's called the bleeding-tooth fungus.

00:45 There are also creepy tooth-like spines under its cap.

00:49 The mushroom isn't very delicious.

00:51 It tastes like a very bitter pepper.

00:55 The world's tallest tropical tree reaches 330 feet and weighs more than 180,000 pounds,

01:03 which is about the weight of the average passenger airplane.

01:07 It grows on the island of Borneo in Malaysia.

01:10 The view from the top of this tree is astonishing.

01:13 That's something a local climber discovered when he scaled the tree to measure it properly.

01:18 It seems that the oldest known star might be older than the universe itself.

01:23 It's called Methuselah, and it's located 190 light-years away from our planet,

01:29 in the constellation of Libra.

01:31 Analyzing the formation about its brightness, size, structure and composition,

01:36 scientists realized the star was probably about 14.5 billion years old.

01:42 There could be 800 million years of difference between the real age of the star

01:47 and the age their research showed.

01:49 But if the star is really older than the universe, it might mean that the Big Bang

01:55 could not be the moment when it all started.

01:58 The smallest mammal in the world is this tiny, cute animal called the bumblebee bat.

02:04 Its nose has a pig-like snout, and it has tiny, barely visible eyes.

02:09 These creatures only grow to be over an inch long, with a wingspan of about 7 inches.

02:15 Your nose, toes, hands and many other body parts can freeze,

02:19 but eyeballs easily deal with the cold, even if you leave them completely unprotected.

02:25 When people put on goggles or glasses, it's mostly to protect their eyes from wind or snow glare,

02:30 not from the cold, no matter how low temperatures are.

02:34 The thing is that unlike other parts of your body, your eyes get supplies of warm blood at all times,

02:40 even in the coldest surroundings.

02:43 They are filled with many blood vessels that constantly heat them up.

02:46 Also, they're placed deep in your head, where fat, tissue and bones help keep them warm.

02:52 It's almost impossible for the eyes to freeze as long as the rest of the body functions.

02:57 There are three reasons why curly hair is, well, curly.

03:02 First, the follicle from which the curly strand of hair grows has an oval shape,

03:06 unlike the circular follicle that produces straight hair.

03:10 Number two, a curly hair strand exits the surface of the skin at more of an angle

03:15 if you compare it to a straight hair, which makes it curve as it grows.

03:19 And finally, the shape of curly hair helps form the chemical bonds between protein molecules

03:25 in a single strand, which makes the hair even curlier.

03:29 The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa is tilted because of the soft soil under the building's base.

03:35 It was probably frustrating for the people who constructed it,

03:38 but the soft soil was also partially something that could protect the tower from potential earthquakes.

03:44 Because of the soil and its height, the tower doesn't resonate with earthquake vibrations.

03:49 So, the reason why the tower is tilted is also the same reason why it's still standing.

03:55 Giant squids have the biggest eyes you can find on Earth.

03:59 They are 11 inches across, which is larger than a dinner plate.

04:03 The lens is as big as an orange.

04:05 Giant squid's eyeballs are filled with water.

04:08 Giant squids are pretty big and can grow up to 43 feet.

04:13 Are you a fan of chocolate but would like to start eating healthier and replace it with fruit?

04:17 Then you'll be happy to know there's a fruit that tastes similar to chocolate pudding.

04:22 It's called black sapote.

04:23 It's a species of persimmon native to South and Central America.

04:27 When the fruit is ripe, munching on it is like eating sweet custard with a hint of chocolate.

04:33 When you find an old book or newspaper, you're likely to see that the paper has turned yellow.

04:39 Paper is made from wood, which mostly consists of white cellulose.

04:43 Wood contains lignin, too.

04:46 That's a dark substance that also ends up in the paper.

04:49 Together with the cellulose, lignin is like a glue that binds the cellulose together,

04:53 making trees stand upright, and generally makes wood stiff.

04:58 When you expose lignin to sunlight and air, paper turns yellow.

05:03 Light travels way faster than sound waves.

05:05 The speed of light is the maximum speed at which some information can travel from one place to another.

05:12 Light travels through a vacuum at speed nothing can really beat,

05:15 especially not sound, which doesn't even exist in a vacuum.

05:19 When museums don't allow you to take pictures,

05:22 they're mostly concerned that the camera flashes can ruin paintings and damage their pigments.

05:27 Some pigments are more sensitive to light.

05:29 That means that chemical reactions that break pigments down speed up when these pigments get exposed to light.

05:36 That's why the lighting in galleries and museums is so carefully controlled.

05:41 At the same time, there's no evidence modern camera phones can cause any damage to paintings.

05:46 After all, they're more advanced than they used to be.

05:50 Now, if you don't want to sneeze, press the skin on the bridge of your nose with your fingers.

05:55 When you do it, your brain receives an alarm signal.

05:58 Very quickly, it puts the brakes on all other processes, including the sneezing reflex.

06:04 By the way, the longest sneezing fit was recorded in 1981.

06:09 Sorry.

06:10 It lasted for 976 days.

06:13 During this time, a woman from the UK sneezed more than a million times.

06:20 The part of your brain that's responsible for vision is in the back of your head.

06:24 Interestingly, the right side of your brain controls the vision on the left side, and vice versa.

06:31 If you're in some loud place, for example, in a club or at a concert, close your ears to better hear your friends.

06:39 Push the tragus, the pointed skin-covered cartilage in front of the ear canal, into your ear.

06:45 Then turn this ear toward your friend.

06:48 If you feel anxious, press your fingers into a fist with your thumb sticking out and slowly blow on this finger.

06:56 If you can't stop hiccups, put an ice cube on your tongue.

07:00 Or you can close your ears with your palms and drink a glass of water through a straw in one breath.

07:07 Pulling the tip of your tongue or raising your arms toward the ceiling can also be helpful.

07:13 On average, when a person snores, the sound doesn't get louder than 60 decibels.

07:18 That's as loud as a regular conversation.

07:21 But sometimes the noise levels can reach 80 decibels.

07:25 That's as loud as a working food blender.

07:29 If you want to wake up faster, hold your breath for some time.

07:32 When you do it, your heart starts beating more rapidly, and your body turns on the active mode.

07:38 But don't overdo it.

07:39 If you wake up too abruptly, you'll put unnecessary stress on your heart.

07:44 If you feel moody, hold a pencil between your teeth.

07:48 The muscles involved in smiling will get down to work.

07:51 This will send special impulses to your brain, and it'll start producing endorphins.

07:56 In no time, your smile will become much more sincere.

08:01 Right-handed people tend to chew most of their food on the right side of their mouths.

08:06 And those who are left-handed use their left side more.

08:10 The smell of rosemary can help you activate your super memory.

08:14 Whenever you need to learn something by heart, do it while lying down in bed with a sprig of rosemary nearby.

08:21 It'll help you memorize the info more effectively and faster.

08:26 If your leg has fallen asleep, shake your head.

08:29 In about a minute, you'll realize that your muscles have relaxed,

08:32 and the pins and needles sensation has passed.

08:37 The muscles that help your eyes focus make around 100,000 movements a day.

08:43 If you want to make your leg muscles move as much, you'll need to walk 50 miles.

08:49 Déjà vu might actually be something like a brain processing lag.

08:53 There's a theory claiming it might happen when your brain is moving information from one part to another.

08:59 If there's even the tiniest delay in that process, your brain will get the same information twice.

09:04 In this case, it'll process it as an event that happened before.

09:10 Out of all those people who can move their ears, only 30% can move just one ear.

09:16 Your mouth burns when you're snacking on pineapple, because while you're eating this fruit, it's eating you back.

09:23 Pineapple is the only known food that contains bromelain.

09:27 That's an enzyme that breaks down proteins.

09:29 Luckily, your stomach acid knows how to deal with the offending enzyme.

09:35 If you have a tickle in your throat, scratch your ear.

09:38 This stimulates a nerve, which results in a muscle spasm in your throat.

09:42 And in no time, the tickle is gone.

09:46 Surprisingly, you burn more calories when you're sleeping than when you're watching TV.

09:52 Ask your friend to sit down on a chair and put your index finger on their forehead.

09:56 Then tell them to stand up without using their hands.

10:00 They won't be able to do it.

10:03 Just like salamanders regrow their tails, humans might be able to regenerate cartilage.

10:09 That's rubber-like stuff surrounding your joints.

10:12 Scientists have recently discovered that cartilage could repair itself.

10:16 This process is likely to be the most effective at the ankle, not that effective in the knee,

10:21 and the least effective in the hip.

10:25 If you're lying in bed and suddenly experience vertigo, place one of your feet on the floor.

10:31 Your brain will receive the information that you're standing on something firm, and the

10:35 unpleasant sensation will pass.

10:39 Only 30% of people can flare their nostrils.

10:43 If someone is tapping you on the back while you're hugging, they're non-verbally asking

10:47 you to let go.

10:50 People with a single palmar crease have just one line running across their palm.

10:55 Such people are very rare – just 1.5% of the world's population.

11:00 Most people have two palmar creases.

11:03 Men are more likely to have a single palmar crease than women.

11:06 In most cases, it runs in families.

11:10 Your taste buds have a very short life cycle.

11:12 They live for no longer than 10-14 days.

11:17 Your lips are hundreds of times more sensitive than your fingertips.

11:22 Your skin wrinkles when you stay in the water for too long, but it doesn't happen because

11:26 it absorbs water.

11:28 In reality, wrinkled fingers and toes provide you with a better grip.

11:34 Studies have proved that sneezing is your nose's way to reset.

11:37 A sneeze reboots the cells that line the insides of your nose.

11:42 They're called cilia.

11:45 If a person has anosmia, which is also called smell blindness, they don't distinguish

11:50 and detect smells.

11:53 The amount of food you consume in your lifetime will weigh as much as 8 Asian elephants.

11:58 No wonder that people spend almost 4 years of their life eating!

12:04 Your skin analyzes 1 million bits of data per second.

12:08 Your ears and nose process 100,000 bits each.

12:12 And your tongue is the least productive.

12:14 It analyzes just 1,000 bits.

12:19 Multitasking is kind of impossible.

12:21 What we consider multitasking is actually just our brain switching between different

12:25 tasks really fast.

12:27 Unfortunately, in this case, people tend to make mistakes much more often.

12:32 Plus, you may need twice as much time to do a task as usual.

12:37 On the other hand, when you're engaged in some physical activity you've done many

12:41 times before, you can perform a mental task too.

12:44 That's why you can easily jog or take a shower and think about problems at work.

12:51 If you see someone constantly fixing their sleeves, they likely feel very nervous, and

12:56 fiddling with something is a self-soothing technique.

13:00 You can check how unique you are by chewing on a sprig of cilantro.

13:05 For some people, this herb may taste similar to soap because the plant contains a chemical

13:09 used in soap making.

13:11 But only 4-14% of the world's population have special genes that can detect it.

13:17 Are you one of them?

13:20 A grown-up person uses around 200 muscles to make just one step.

13:26 Your eyes never stop moving while taking in visual information.

13:30 Otherwise, you wouldn't be able to see the whole picture.

13:33 These movements go unnoticed because your brain is a great video editor.

13:38 It stabilizes the images and connects tons of fragments into one smooth video.

13:44 Your stomach gets a totally new lining every 3-4 days.

13:48 That's how your body prevents the stomach from digesting itself.

13:53 When a person lies, the temperature around their nose and in the inner corners of their

13:58 eyes rises.

14:00 This phenomenon is known as the Pinocchio effect.

14:05 The liver is the only human organ that can regenerate completely.

14:10 Even if it's a mere 25% of the original liver weight, the organ can get back to its

14:15 full size.

14:17 Synesthesia is an unusual and rare ability.

14:21 People who have it can taste music or hear colors.

14:24 But only 1 in every 2,000 people has it.

14:29 These days, our finger and toenails grow faster than they did half a century ago.

14:34 It might be because people eat more proteins today.

14:39 You start feeling thirsty once your water loss reaches 1% of your body weight.

14:44 More than 5% and you may even faint.

14:48 Water loss that exceeds 10% of the body weight, um, we'll just say that it doesn't end

14:53 well.

14:57 Your brain can generate more than 48 thoughts in under a minute.

15:01 It's almost 3,000 thoughts per hour and more than 70,000 per day.

15:08 Each person has around 150,000 hairs on their head.

15:12 On average, every strand grows about a half an inch per month.

15:16 If you combine the growth from each hair, it would measure the distance of 10 miles

15:20 per year.

15:23 If you get a leg cramp, pull your big toe toward yourself.

15:27 This will stretch your muscles and reduce the spasm.

15:31 People have bacteria that can produce electricity living in their intestines.

15:36 These bacteria give off electrons, which creates tiny electrical currents.

15:40 This might be the bacteria's way to generate energy.

15:43 Maybe turn on some lights.

15:45 Hey, it's dark in there!

15:48 By the end of their life, the average person can recall up to 150 trillion pieces of information.

15:56 If you brush your teeth before eating or drinking something, you might end up damaging your

16:00 taste buds.

16:01 That's because most kinds of toothpaste contain two chemicals, sodium lauryl ether

16:06 sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate, that decrease your ability to taste sweet things and increase

16:13 your ability to taste bitter food.

16:16 The DEC2 gene mutation allows people to have just a few hours of sleep a night and still

16:22 feel great.

16:24 They don't get tired and never sleep in.

16:26 Boy, where do I get one of those!

16:29 On average, these people wake up at 4 or 5 am.

16:32 Only up to 5% of the world's population has this feature.

16:38 Only humans can produce emotional tears.

16:41 Other living beings cry to lubricate their eyes.

16:46 Women have more taste buds on their tongues than men do.

16:50 It might be one of the reasons why 35% of ladies are supertasters, people who feel flavors

16:56 more strongly than others, and only 15% of guys can boast the same ability.

17:03 It's hard for people to recognize someone they know if, in a photo, this person doesn't

17:08 have eyebrows.

17:10 This proves that eyebrows are more important for face recognition than eyes.

17:16 When clasping their hands, 50% of people put their right thumb above the left one.

17:22 49% of people position their left thumb over the right.

17:26 And only 1% of people place their thumbs next to each other.

17:31 Oceans cover 70% of the Earth.

17:34 On average, the ocean is 8 Empire State Buildings deep, and less than 5% of its mysterious depths

17:39 have been explored.

17:40 It's even possible to find lakes and rivers beneath the ocean.

17:44 They're denser than the rest of the water surrounding them, so you can clearly see the

17:48 difference.

17:49 Even the coral is in shallow waters; intense sunlight can damage the algae living inside

17:53 it.

17:54 To protect the algae, the coral produces some proteins that act as some kind of sunscreen

17:59 for it, so they really don't need to spend money on it.

18:02 Okay, most of the ocean may not be explored, but what we do know is about 20 million tons

18:07 of gold is dispersed through its dark waters.

18:10 It's concentrated in really small amounts, which is why it doesn't pay off to mine

18:15 it.

18:16 If you take it out, every person on the planet would get 9 pounds of gold.

18:21 When sharks need their morning joe, they go to a cafe too.

18:25 Back in 2002, researchers found an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe,

18:31 where great white sharks come during the winter.

18:33 They simply hang out, tell jokes, and laugh at stories of how many humans they've scared,

18:37 and then go back to the coast to scare us a little bit more when the weather gets warmer.

18:41 Hey, have you had a great white latte?

18:43 Try one!

18:45 The widest point of the Pacific Ocean goes from Indonesia to Colombia, and at that part

18:49 is 12,300 miles across, over 5 times wider than the diameter of the Moon.

18:55 We might imagine oceans are cold, especially in depths where the temperature is only 40

19:00 degrees Fahrenheit.

19:01 But there's an exception – water that comes out of hydrothermal vents in the seafloor

19:06 has a temperature of up to 750 degrees.

19:09 Humans are the only animals whose brain gets smaller.

19:12 Yep, as we get older, it tends to shrink.

19:15 It can do so even because of isolation and loneliness.

19:19 Other animals, even some of our distant cousins from another side of the family tree like

19:23 monkeys and chimpanzees, have no problem with that.

19:26 I'm guessing television is the probable cause.

19:30 Our eardrums have nothing to do with the sense of sight, but they still move when we move

19:34 our eyes.

19:36 In the average lifetime, our heart beats over 2.5 billion times.

19:40 I've counted!

19:41 Our nose can detect over 1 trillion smells, and our lips are hundreds of times more sensitive

19:47 than the tips of our fingers.

19:48 Two of our body parts never stop growing – your nose and your ears.

19:54 Cockroaches are tough.

19:55 They can survive harsh conditions and have been around since dinosaurs ruled our planet.

20:00 But the termite queen beats all that, with a lifespan of 50 years.

20:04 That's the longest any insect can live.

20:07 Regular termites live only 1-2 years.

20:10 It's not the water camels store in their humps, but fat.

20:13 They store water in their bloodstream.

20:16 Bees can fly really high – more than 29,500 ft, which is even higher than Mount Everest,

20:22 the tallest mountain on our planet.

20:24 Sloths are able to hold their breath longer than dolphins.

20:27 Yep, they slow their heart rates, and they can stay that way for almost 40 minutes.

20:33 Dolphins have to come to the surface to catch some air every 10 minutes.

20:36 The Moon has volcanoes, and scientists believe these might've been active around 100 million

20:41 years ago, when dinosaurs still ruled our planet.

20:44 Wow, the view must've been magnificent!

20:48 There are watermelons the size of a grape.

20:50 Cucamelons, if you prefer, mouse-melons, actually look like really small watermelons, but at

20:56 the same time have a citrus flavor.

20:59 Not just mouse-melons, there's also the kangaroo mouse.

21:02 This animal doesn't feel the need to drink water.

21:05 It lives in the Nevada desert, and since its habitat is really dry, it simply learned to

21:10 quench its thirst through seeds it likes to eat.

21:13 You may think parking is expensive in the area where you live, but it's probably cheaper

21:17 than a spot you'd pay in Hong Kong.

21:20 Just a 135-sq-ft spot placed in front of the center, which is the 5th tallest building

21:25 in the city, was purchased for almost a million bucks.

21:28 Mmm, I'll take a bus ticket, please.

21:31 Speaking of expensive, and I was, the world's priciest hot dog is $169, and you can try

21:38 it out in Seattle, Washington.

21:39 Mmm, I don't have the money, but I am a little intrigued, must admit.

21:44 An Australian barista set a world record for the most cappuccinos made in one hour – 420

21:50 of them!

21:51 That's really a Java jive!

21:54 You can taste garlic with your feet.

21:56 Rub a clove right in your feet (of course, take the socks off beforehand) and wait for

22:01 it.

22:02 The chemical responsible for its unique smell can be absorbed through the skin even though

22:06 the clove was never in your mouth.

22:09 By the way, lobsters can try out the same experiment.

22:12 Well, they actually taste any food with their feet.

22:15 Ok, researchers have found many things that are evidence of prehistoric animals or our

22:19 human ancestors that lived thousands of years ago, like bones, teeth, stone tools, and a

22:25 piece of chewing gum dating from almost 10,000 years ago.

22:30 Sweat doesn't smell itself.

22:32 The unpleasant odor is caused by bacteria on your skin.

22:36 When sweat comes out of the pores on your body, the bacteria breaks it down into acids.

22:41 What most deodorants actually do is get rid of the bacteria on your skin.

22:46 People used to dream in black and white much more than today.

22:49 That's because they watched black and white TV.

22:53 Blue cheese is another thing that affects your dreams and makes them more vivid.

22:58 Eggshells might be used for growing new human bones.

23:02 Chicken eggshells contain calcium carbonate, which is something you also have in your bones.

23:08 The food on the plane is likely to taste different than on the ground.

23:11 That's because you lose up to 30% of your tastebud sensitivity due to the dryness and

23:16 pressure in the cabin.

23:18 It's especially true about salty and sweet foods.

23:22 Your nostrils don't work with the same efficiency all the time.

23:25 When you breathe, one nostril does most of the work, and they switch every couple of

23:29 hours.

23:31 You wouldn't be able to taste food without saliva.

23:34 Your taste buds have chemoreceptors that recognize different flavors, but they need some liquid

23:39 for those flavors to bind into their molecules.

23:41 Also, you can't taste things saliva doesn't dissolve.

23:46 The brain can't actually feel pain.

23:49 It does have a pain center, but it doesn't have pain receptors itself.

23:53 When your head hurts, you can feel it because of the nerves, tissues, and blood vessels

23:57 around your brain.

24:00 A single human hair can support 3.5 ounces of weight.

24:04 That's how much two candy bars weigh.

24:07 Toenails grow almost four times more slowly than fingernails that get more exposure and

24:12 are used more frequently.

24:14 There must be at least some photos where you have red eyes.

24:17 When the camera's flash goes off, your eyes aren't prepared for such an influx of light.

24:22 Your pupils remain dilated, which is why the light gets reflected off the red blood vessels

24:26 of the choroid.

24:28 This is a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that nourishes your retina.

24:33 The right lung is bigger than the left one because your body needs to make some room

24:36 for the heart.

24:38 Your teeth are the only part of your body that can heal itself.

24:43 The masseter is the strongest muscle you have, based on its weight.

24:47 Together with the rest of the raw muscles, it can close your teeth with a force of 200

24:51 pounds on the molars and 55 pounds on the incisors.

24:57 Onions produce a special chemical irritant.

25:00 It stimulates special glands in your eyes, causing them to release tears.

25:05 Your nose can memorize up to 50,000 different scents and detect more than one trillion of

25:10 odors.

25:13 We all have our unique smell, except for identical twins.

25:16 This smell is partly determined by genetics, but it also depends on your diet, hygiene,

25:21 and the environment.

25:24 Eating snow is not the best way to stay hydrated.

25:27 Your body needs too much energy to turn it into water.

25:30 Snow can provide a bit of hydration, but it'll also lower the temperature of your body, which

25:35 isn't the best scenario if you're trying to survive harsh winter conditions.

25:40 You burn somewhere between 100 and 200 calories per hour while standing.

25:45 Sitting burns 60 to 130 calories, depending on your height, weight, gender, and age.

25:53 Brain freeze is an annoying ice cream headache.

25:56 That's how your brain tells you to slow down and maybe stop eating something that's so

26:00 cold.

26:02 The main purpose of eyelashes is to shield your eyes and protect them from sand, moisture,

26:06 dust, and debris in the air.

26:08 Your eyelashes sense when something comes up too close to your eyes, like an insect

26:12 flying toward you.

26:14 And trigger your blink reflex.

26:16 Blinking also helps when you need to flush out some tiny particles or debris stuck in

26:20 your punk dot.

26:22 Those are small openings you have in your eyelids.

26:24 That's where the tears get pumped out.

26:28 Your eyebrows stop sweat from running directly into your eyes.

26:31 Your skin there, and the shape of your bones also work together to direct the sweat toward

26:35 the sides of your face.

26:38 We're not the fastest, strongest, or biggest in the animal kingdom, but we're the best

26:42 at long-distance running.

26:44 That's because we have long legs, and our bodies can lose excess heat through sweating.

26:49 Even long ago, our ancestors hunted animals by chasing them for long periods of time.

26:54 Eventually, it wore smaller creatures out.

26:58 Five basic senses are taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell.

27:03 But people have more senses than that.

27:06 Proprioception is when your body is aware of its parts and their position, even if you

27:10 don't see them.

27:11 Like if your arm is behind your back, you know it's there.

27:14 If you were an octopus, you wouldn't know it, because these creatures don't know their

27:18 arms exist if they can't see them.

27:21 Thermoception is your ability to sense temperature.

27:24 Equilibrioception is a sense of balance.

27:27 You also have gnosisception, which means you can feel pain.

27:30 Then there's chronoception.

27:32 That's how you can sense time passing by.

27:35 There are even more senses found in the animal kingdom.

27:38 Electroreception and magnetoreception.

27:41 But people don't have those.

27:44 You can't see your taste buds.

27:46 Those little bumps on the tongue are lingual papillae.

27:49 There are four kinds of them.

27:51 Circumvalate, foliate, fungiform, filiform.

27:56 They are all covered with taste buds, except for the last one, filiform.

28:01 This one is responsible for the sense of touch in your tongue.

28:05 Your pinky holds 50% of the total strength in your hand.

28:10 Your liver is a very important organ that works a lot and is responsible for 500 individual

28:16 functions.

28:17 Up to 10% of it is made of fat.

28:19 The liver can regenerate.

28:22 You can burn calories when you take a hot bath, as many as you would if you took a half-hour

28:27 walk.

28:29 People mostly need 7 minutes to fall asleep.

28:31 This time gets shorter if you've just had a large tasty meal.

28:36 On average, the heart is as big as your fist.

28:40 It beats 115,000 times and pumps around 2,000 gallons of blood a day.

28:48 Not even twins have tongue prints that are alike.

28:51 The tongue is a movable and strong set of muscles that almost never gets tired.

28:56 It contains anywhere from 5,000 to 10,000 taste buds.

29:01 Those little white and pink bumps on your tongue aren't taste buds, but each of them

29:05 does have a bunch of them inside its surface tissue.

29:08 Evolution gave us taste buds so that we can stay alive.

29:12 For instance, sour and bitter flavors can be a sign that you may be eating rotten food

29:17 or poisonous plants.

29:19 The back of the tongue is more sensitive when it comes to bitter flavors, which is why we

29:24 can spit out bad food before we swallow it.

29:27 Salty and sweet tastes tell us if foods are rich in nutrients.

29:32 By the time they're 60, the majority of people lose half their taste buds.

29:36 Yes, your tongue is pretty cool, and its prints can be used for biometric authentication,

29:41 just like fingerprints.

29:43 Each of us have a different and unique tongue print.

29:46 So if you don't want to reveal your secret identity, keep your tongue hidden.

29:50 Huh, that would be funny.

29:52 Why do we even have fingerprints?

29:54 Scientists had a lot of different theories, but they now believe it's because having them

29:59 allows skin to stretch more easily.

30:02 That prevents blisters, protects the skin from damage, and may improve our sense of

30:06 touch.

30:07 Humans are not the only ones with unique fingerprints.

30:10 Koalas have them too.

30:13 Only around 7% of people are left-handed.

30:16 Left-handed people mostly chew food on the left side of their mouth, while right-handed

30:20 people do so on the right.

30:23 We lose almost 9 pounds of skin cells every year.

30:26 Don't worry, we replace them quickly.

30:29 We produce more cells than there are people living in the United States, every 15 seconds.

30:35 Our body is always regenerating, and we replace our skin hundreds of times during one lifetime.

30:41 Yep, our body regenerates, except for our teeth.

30:45 They're the only part of the body that can't heal itself.

30:48 We have teeth that are similar to a shark's.

30:51 Their teeth also have a thing called dentin inside of them, and theirs are just as strong

30:56 as ours.

30:57 Of course, theirs are sharper and bigger, but still.

31:01 Teeth are part of the human skeleton, but they're not considered bones.

31:05 You'll spend approximately 38 days of your life brushing your teeth.

31:10 And guess what?

31:11 It's possible to brush them too much.

31:14 That can make them more sensitive, because it wears down the natural enamel.

31:18 Your left and right lungs are not the same size.

31:21 The right one is bigger, because the left shares its real estate with your heart.

31:27 Hiccups are something almost all mammals go through from time to time, not just humans.

31:32 The record was set by a man named Charles Osborne.

31:36 He couldn't stop hiccuping for 68 years.

31:39 Guess no one told him about the whole eating sugar trip.

31:42 There's only one part of your body that doesn't get a regular delivery of blood.

31:46 Your corneas.

31:47 They get oxygen directly from the air.

31:50 Our eyes can differentiate between 10 million different colors.

31:54 The muscles that help our eyes focus on something make around 100,000 movements a day.

32:00 If you wanted to make your leg muscles do the same amount of work, you'd need to take

32:04 a long walk.

32:06 At least 50 miles.

32:07 We can't all see infrared light or ultraviolet radiation.

32:12 Only 1% of us can do that.

32:14 And if you can see one of those, it doesn't necessarily mean you can see the other.

32:19 Research says blue-eyed people all over the world may be related, or at least share a

32:24 very distant ancestor.

32:27 Scientists looked at blue-eyed individuals from Turkey, India, Jordan, and Scandinavia.

32:32 They all had the same eye color gene sequences.

32:35 They believe this trait comes from one blue-eyed person whose genes mutated around 10,000 years

32:41 ago.

32:43 Before that, people's eyes were just all different shades of brown.

32:47 People with blue eyes are generally a bit more sensitive to pain than individuals with

32:52 other eye colors.

32:53 We blink about 20 times in one minute, which means we do it more than 10 million times

32:59 a year.

33:00 That thing about being similar to sharks, well, that goes for our eyes, too.

33:04 If part of your eye gets damaged, you can replace it with a shark's.

33:09 We can't sneeze with our eyes open.

33:12 Try it.

33:13 It's really hard to override your built-in reflexes.

33:16 Eyelashes have their own life, too.

33:19 One single lash lives for about 150 days before falling out.

33:24 We all get goosebumps when we hear "Good News," our favorite song, or when it's ridiculously

33:29 cold in the frozen food aisle.

33:31 It's a reflex we got from our ancestors.

33:34 It happens when you release adrenaline.

33:37 It makes your hair stand on end and helps you look more imposing.

33:40 Rawr!

33:41 Scary, huh?

33:43 The human brain has 100 billion neurons and a memory capacity that's equal to more than

33:48 4 terabytes, which is a lot.

33:51 Your brain uses more than a quarter of all the oxygen your lungs take in, and it's mostly

33:56 water - more than 75%.

33:59 Stay hydrated, people.

34:01 It's not true that humans use only 10% of their brain.

34:05 We use much more than that, even when we're asleep.

34:08 Most of our brain is constantly active.

34:10 We just don't use all parts of it at the same time.

34:13 If you watch a very touching movie in space and start crying, your tears won't run down.

34:20 They will gather around the eyeballs.

34:22 Your eyes will get too dry, so you'll feel like they're burning.

34:27 Any exposed liquid on your body will vaporize, including the surfaces of your tongue.

34:32 Speaking of burning, that's one thing fire can't do in space.

34:36 Fire can spread when there's a flow of oxygen, and since there's not any in space, well…

34:43 Once they explode, stars aren't supposed to come back to life.

34:47 But some of the stars somehow have survived the great supernova explosion.

34:52 Such zombie stars are pretty rare.

34:55 Scientists found a really big one called LP40365.

35:00 It's a partially burnt white dwarf.

35:03 A white dwarf is a star that burned up all of the hydrogen, and that hydrogen was previously

35:08 its nuclear fuel.

35:10 In this case, the final explosion was maybe weaker than it usually is, not powerful enough

35:16 to destroy the entire star.

35:18 It's like a star wanted to explode but didn't make it, which is why part of the matter still

35:24 survived.

35:25 If you ever go into space, don't take off your spacesuit unless you're on a spaceship.

35:31 Air in your lungs would expand, as well as the oxygen in the rest of your body.

35:35 You'd be like a balloon, twice your regular size.

35:39 Good news, the skin is elastic enough to hold you together, which means you wouldn't explode.

35:45 Small comfort.

35:47 When something goes into a black hole, it changes shape and gets stretched out just

35:51 like spaghetti.

35:53 This happens because gravitational force is trying to stretch an object in one direction,

35:58 and at the same time, squeeze it into another, like a pasta paradox.

36:03 Speaking of, a black hole that's as big as a single atom has the mass of a really big

36:09 mountain.

36:10 There's one at the center of the Milky Way called Sagittarius A. It has a mass like for

36:16 a billion suns, but luckily, it's far away from us.

36:22 If you made a big boom on an asteroid, you'd never be able to hear its loud sound.

36:27 Yes, we often hear the sound of spaceships and battles in space in the movies, but that's

36:32 just a myth.

36:34 Sound is a wave that spreads because of the vibrations of molecules.

36:38 A person claps a few feet away from you, the sound wave begins to push the first air molecule

36:43 next to the clap, then the second, third, and so on, until the wave reaches your ear.

36:49 So to spread sound, we need molecules, like air or water.

36:54 In our atmosphere, sound waves spread out just fine, but space is a vacuum, so it's

36:59 nothing here.

37:01 You can clap your hands loudly there, but there just won't be any molecules that can

37:05 vibrate and carry that sound.

37:07 So to carry on a conversation, you'd either need a radio or really good lip-reading skills.

37:15 Meteoroids orbit the Sun, while the majority of human-made debris orbits our planet.

37:21 For example, we launched almost 9,000 spacecraft around the world from satellites to rocket

37:27 ships.

37:28 Even the tiniest pieces can damage a spacecraft at such high speeds.

37:32 Galaxies, planets, comets, asteroids, stars, space bodies are things we can actually see

37:39 in space.

37:40 But they make up less than 5% of the total universe.

37:44 Dark matter, one of the biggest mysteries in space, is the name we use for all the mass

37:49 in the universe that's still invisible to us.

37:53 And there's a lot of it.

37:54 It may even make 25% of the universe.

37:57 Dark energy makes the other 70% of the universe.

38:00 Hmm, that adds up to 100, right?

38:04 Now let's look at the Moon.

38:06 It always looks at us with one side.

38:09 This means the Moon has a dark side, and the Sun's rays never get there.

38:13 Well, that's a myth.

38:15 The whole point is that the Moon is gravitationally locked to the Earth.

38:19 There are days and nights there too.

38:21 It's just that this rotation is perfectly aligned with the rotation of the Earth.

38:26 So whenever you look at the Moon, you only see one side.

38:30 Although there are days when the Sun shines there too, so it's not the dark side, it's

38:35 the far side.

38:37 And we even have pictures of this place.

38:39 And there's one of the biggest craters in our entire solar system, the South Pole-Aitken

38:44 Basin, is as wide as two states of Texas.

38:48 Yeehaw!

38:50 One myth that turned out to be untrue is that people have never actually been on the Moon.

38:56 This is the original space suit of the first astronauts who were there.

39:00 Look at the sole of the shoe.

39:02 Some people claim there's no way they could've left footprints like this there.

39:06 Actually they could.

39:07 On the Moon, the astronauts wore extra boots over their suits, and their soles matched

39:12 the footprints on the Moon perfectly.

39:15 The astronauts didn't need them when they left the Moon and tossed them when the Moon

39:19 walk was over.

39:21 They left a lot of stuff there too.

39:23 They even tossed the armrests of the seats in the lunar module to reduce the weight.

39:28 Now counting all the Apollo lunar missions, the total weight of rubbish on the Moon is

39:32 approximately 187 tons, including several lunar rovers, spacecraft debris, 6 lunar modules,

39:40 and all the experiments left behind.

39:43 That's like 3 Boeing 737s.

39:46 Another myth about the Sun is that it's yellow.

39:49 Let's send you into space for this one.

39:51 You look out the window, and… it's white!

39:54 The Sun only appears yellow to us through the filter of our atmosphere.

39:58 The composition of the air and its thickness just distorts the light of the star.

40:03 But stars do come in different colors.

40:06 Cooler stars have bright orange and red colors.

40:09 These are usually very old stars, older than our Sun.

40:13 But young and very hot stars are bright blue.

40:16 The Sun is about in the middle of this spectrum.

40:20 One more myth about asteroids.

40:22 We need to fly a little farther than Mars' orbit.

40:25 Whoa, we're in an asteroid belt, and we constantly have to dodge giant rocks and blocks

40:30 of ice.

40:31 We got in some dense asteroid clouds.

40:35 Not true.

40:36 The fact is that space is huge, and the distances are incredible.

40:41 All the rocks and debris in the asteroid belt are only 4% of the weight of the Moon.

40:46 So there really aren't that many of them there.

40:49 To understand the dimension of the emptiness in space, look at the collision of two galaxies.

40:55 There are billions of stars in each of them.

40:57 If we mix them up, it's unlikely there will be any collisions even here.

41:05 When you age, your brain is gradually reducing in size.

41:10 By age 75, it's much smaller than at 30, and it starts shrinking by the age of 40.

41:16 It happens to everyone, and doesn't affect your mental strength in any way.

41:21 Our brain can store only 7 bits in its short-term memory.

41:25 Don't even try to compare your brain with a phone capacity, not even the one you had

41:29 back in 2005.

41:31 That's why you can't even learn a phone number by heart.

41:36 Our short-term memory functions just like a chalkboard.

41:39 You can get some information, but sooner or later, you run out of space.

41:43 To check your working memory capacity, try this test.

41:47 Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words and read it to you.

41:51 Most people recall 7 or fewer items from that list.

41:56 Your RAM, or working memory, is an essential thing that we need to perform almost any everyday

42:01 activity, including basic conversations, surfing the net, and even petting your dog.

42:09 Our strongest and emotional memories are often fake.

42:12 The central memory gives us the confidence to believe that we remember everything, even

42:17 though most of the details are made up in our heads.

42:21 Not only your brain shrinks as you get older, you too shrink dramatically.

42:26 The bones get more brittle, the backbone gets compressed.

42:30 A similar thing happens when you rest at night.

42:32 Your bones kinda relax too.

42:35 Because of this, you wake up taller in the mornings than you are at the end of the day.

42:41 Among mammals, only humans can walk on two legs for their entire lives.

42:45 You might think that kangaroos or gorillas move in the same way, but kangaroos use their

42:50 tail as a third leg, and gorillas use their long arms to keep balance.

42:57 Your bones take part in metabolism too.

43:00 Since they mostly consist of calcium, when there's not enough of this element in your

43:04 blood, bones start shedding it into the bloodstream, balancing your body.

43:09 The same reaction works in reverse too.

43:11 When there's too much calcium in your blood, it goes into the bones to be stored for later.

43:18 The only bone to have a sense of humor in your body is inside your upper arm.

43:22 That's why it's called the humerus.

43:24 Ok, I made that one up.

43:26 Moving along…

43:29 The only bones that never grow are found in our ears.

43:32 We can hear thanks to these tiny bones because they have adapted to transmit sound vibrations.

43:38 Doctors call them the oscular chain.

43:41 One of these hearing bones, the stapes, is the smallest bone in your entire body.

43:45 It's no larger than a grain of rice.

43:50 Our height, shape of our body, and skin color depend a lot on where our ancestors used to

43:55 live, but we can adapt to new conditions even within our own lifespan.

44:00 For example, if you move from plains to the mountains, you'll eventually develop more

44:05 red blood cells to compensate for the lack of oxygen.

44:09 And naturally, if you move from a colder climate to a hotter and sunnier one, your skin will

44:14 get darker to adapt.

44:17 Our lifespan is programmed within our cells.

44:20 They constantly renew and divide, but they have a sort of internal timer that stops at

44:25 some point.

44:27 Some cells also stop reproducing sooner than others.

44:30 On average, cells cease dividing when we reach the age of 100.

44:35 That means, if we could find a way to trick ourselves into turning off the timer, we could

44:39 potentially live forever.

44:43 Body fat isn't just a nuisance.

44:45 It acts as insulation material, energy reserve, and shock absorber.

44:50 Your body sends the most fat into your waist region because that's where your internal

44:54 organs are.

44:56 If something happens to you, this layer of fat might protect your vitals from irreparable

45:01 damage.

45:02 Heads up!

45:03 Your skull isn't a single bone.

45:06 It actually consists of 28 different bones, many of which are fused together to protect

45:11 your brain.

45:12 The mandible, or the lower jaw, is the only skull bone that isn't fixed to the bone

45:17 around it.

45:18 It's attached with connective tissues and muscles.

45:21 This is what makes it so mobile – you can move it in any direction you like.

45:26 You can actually masticate with your mandible!

45:29 Another word for chewing!

45:31 You see, the strongest muscles in your body aren't in your arms or legs – they're

45:35 in your head!

45:36 The masseter is the main muscle responsible for chewing, and it needs to be the strongest

45:41 for you to eat normally.

45:43 And you know those muscles that allow you to move your ears?

45:46 Those are temporalis, located above your temples.

45:49 They also help you chew your food.

45:52 Now, we've got two really fast muscles – they control the eyelid closing.

45:57 In fact, they're the fastest muscles in our body.

46:01 Eyes are fragile and need protection, so the reflex that protects them needs to be as fast

46:06 as lightning.

46:07 These muscles can shut the eyelids in less than a tenth of a second.

46:13 People with double-jointed thumbs can bend them backward.

46:16 It looks super unusual, and very few people can do it.

46:19 Still, it's totally okay.

46:22 Even though it looks painful, it actually doesn't hurt at all for someone with a double-jointed

46:26 thumb.

46:28 We recognize only purple-blue, green-yellow, and yellow-red colors.

46:33 Everything else is a combination of these three.

46:36 It's impossible to calculate how many of these combinations the human eye sees, because

46:41 every single person has slight vision differences.

46:45 But it's about 1 million combinations on average.

46:48 You see?

46:50 That's it for today!

46:53 So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your

46:57 friends!

46:58 Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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