Phénomènes naturels que seuls quelques élus peuvent témoigner

Sympa

Préparez-vous à être étonné et terrifié ! Dans cette vidéo, nous explorons des phénomènes naturels qui vous effrayeront autant qu'ils vous fascineront. Ne manquez pas ces merveilles incroyables de la nature ! ️  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00:00Ah, Kiev, it's been years since you've dreamed of coming here.

00:00:06Taking out your faithful camera, you begin to take pictures of the cathedrals,

00:00:10the Aviation Museum and the Dnipro River, when, without warning,

00:00:14a huge boom is heard behind you.

00:00:18When you turn around, you see something rising in the distance

00:00:21and that looks like a gigantic explosion.

00:00:24Oh oh, it's time to leave, and quickly.

00:00:27In June 2020, what the inhabitants of Kiev saw that day

00:00:31was an anvil-shaped cloud, a rare storm formation in the sky.

00:00:35As strong air currents transport water vapor up,

00:00:39the air expands and spreads when it reaches the bottom of the stratosphere.

00:00:43It pushes the dense cloud to give it the shape of an anvil you see,

00:00:47and sometimes it even takes the shape of a mushroom.

00:00:50Anvil-shaped clouds produce some of the most dangerous lightning of all storms.

00:00:55These lightnings seem to come out as if by magic from the blue sky,

00:00:59when the storm is several kilometers away.

00:01:02This type of lightning comes from the top of the anvil

00:01:05and can be ten times more powerful than a classic lightning strike.

00:01:09People were so scared to see this giant cloud

00:01:12only 100 kilometers away that they thought something terrible had happened.

00:01:17Residents shared pictures of the big cloud on social media

00:01:21before even the authorities could explain what was happening.

00:01:24Then they managed to calm the fear of the population

00:01:27by informing them that it was nothing more than a natural phenomenon,

00:01:31and that it was beautiful.

00:01:33Before dissipating, these clouds generally remain in the same area,

00:01:37whatever the force of the wind.

00:01:39Let's go to the northern tip of Queensland in Australia,

00:01:42far from all these rampant animals.

00:01:45It's time to take a break and relax at the beach.

00:01:48As you relax, you notice that a large shadow passes over you,

00:01:52then another, and another.

00:01:55When you open your eyes, you witness a simply stunning phenomenon.

00:01:59This type of cloud, called morning glow,

00:02:02and looks like a massive tube, is very rare

00:02:05and seems to almost roll in the sky.

00:02:07They can measure up to 1,000 kilometers long

00:02:10and also appear sometimes in large groups.

00:02:13This phenomenon is the result of an ascending current that pushes the cloud,

00:02:17giving it a tube-like appearance,

00:02:19while the humid and cooler air at the back makes it spin on itself.

00:02:23In southern India, between July and September 2001,

00:02:27people witnessed one of the strangest meteorological phenomena in history.

00:02:32The rain was red.

00:02:34Many were shocked.

00:02:36The color was bright enough to stain clothes.

00:02:39There were also other colors, like green, yellow, brown and even black.

00:02:44In the middle of a cloud, a red rain began to fall

00:02:48and repeated periodically for several weeks.

00:02:51Researchers discovered that this unusual rain was stained either by dust or algae.

00:02:57They are not quite sure how the algae got there,

00:03:01which made this event a little more disturbing.

00:03:04Do you like to take a foam bath to relax after a tiring day,

00:03:08but your bathtub takes too long to fill?

00:03:10Problem solved!

00:03:12You can take a bath on any coast after a big storm and get a headache.

00:03:16Foam baths are not located in one place.

00:03:19They can be formed all over the world.

00:03:22However, they are more likely to occur along rocky coasts,

00:03:26such as the coast of San Francisco, Northern Ireland or Mooloo in Australia.

00:03:31Each coast presents different conditions that form such a foam.

00:03:35If you take seawater in a glass and observe it carefully,

00:03:38you will see that it is full of tiny particles.

00:03:41Many elements, such as plants, chemicals and a lot of salt and minerals,

00:03:46create the perfect formula for this foam.

00:03:48When powerful currents and the wind mix everything,

00:03:51you get something that looks like milk foam floating above the water.

00:03:56When glacial temperatures hit the Michigan valleys,

00:03:59all kinds of unusual things happen.

00:04:02Like ghost apples.

00:04:04No, they are not scary.

00:04:06But if you want to find one in winter, be careful.

00:04:09All conditions must be met for this to happen,

00:04:12and it will be a glacial cold.

00:04:15It is a rare meteorological phenomenon

00:04:18caused by the fact that apples freeze on their branches,

00:04:21the rain covering the fruit of a thin layer of ice.

00:04:24The apples then thaw and flow like compote,

00:04:27leaving behind only a beautiful envelope of ice.

00:04:31The Catatumbo River in Venezuela could well be the most electric area in the world,

00:04:36with nearly 300 days of thunderstorms per year.

00:04:39The storms are so frequent that they are predicted three months in advance.

00:04:43During the rainy season, in October, you can see 30 lightnings in a single minute.

00:04:47A truly unique experience.

00:04:50Each lightning has the energy needed to power a single bulb for six months,

00:04:54so this impressive spectacle could power all of Venezuela forever.

00:04:59At sunset, strong winds circulate around the three surrounding mountains,

00:05:04forming storm clouds above the water.

00:05:07When the droplets of water from the humid air collide with the ice crystals of the cold air,

00:05:11this produces static charges that cause these storms almost every night.

00:05:16And as if that were not enough, some storms also have lightnings above them.

00:05:21Transitional light phenomena are electrical discharges located very high in the Earth's atmosphere.

00:05:27They are associated with powerful storms, but they have nothing to do with the rain.

00:05:32These phenomena occur at an altitude of 50 to 80 km in the mesosphere.

00:05:38The artificial lights of the night make it much more difficult to see these low-intensity lightnings.

00:05:44If you see one, it will look tiny when it can be more than 50 km wide.

00:05:50These red lightnings are a type of discharge of cold plasma above a storm cloud.

00:05:55It results from the equilibrium of the charge of lightning between the storm clouds and the ground below.

00:06:01Snowballs are one of the rarest meteorological curiosities,

00:06:05because it takes perfect conditions for them to form.

00:06:08In all mountainous regions covered with snow, such as rocky areas,

00:06:12the wind, the temperature, the snow, the ice and the humidity must work together

00:06:17so that we can admire these snowballs.

00:06:20First, a thin layer of wet snow must be placed on the ground,

00:06:23under this layer of ice or powder.

00:06:26Then, a strong enough breeze to roll the roller down a hill, like a snowball.

00:06:32Once it has stopped rolling, it can be the size of a baseball or as big as a car tire.

00:06:38It all depends on the strength of the wind.

00:06:40A newly formed snowball will not stay there for very long, so hurry up and take a picture of it.

00:06:46By looking at the sunset on the horizon,

00:06:48the magnificent purple and pink above are nothing compared to the three suns you see in front of you.

00:06:54Wow! Since when does the Earth have three suns?

00:06:58These ghost stars, which sometimes appear next to the sun, are called parellas.

00:07:03They often appear in the form of colorful luminous zones,

00:07:06at the same height as the sun above the horizon.

00:07:09They are mostly observed on a ring or halo,

00:07:12where the ice crystals best reflect the light.

00:07:15Some parellas also appear next to the moon,

00:07:18and are formed by the lunar light passing through the ice crystals.

00:07:22You don't see them as much as their solar homologues.

00:07:25By taking pictures in nature, you have finally found the ideal place to make the perfect cliché.

00:07:31Crystalline water, pine trees, mountains, and a flying saucer.

00:07:35Wait, what? A flying saucer? Are aliens there?

00:07:40That's what you might think if you saw a cloud in the form of a saucer.

00:07:44It bears the sweet name Daltocumulus Lenticulare.

00:07:48Daltocumulus Lenticulare is actually an unusual cloud formation,

00:07:51above the top of the mountains.

00:07:53When the humid air passes above a mountain,

00:07:56a wave is created if the temperature difference is ideal.

00:08:00When the air crosses the wave, evaporation occurs,

00:08:03and a lot of these clouds can then take an oval shape.

00:08:07So they're not aliens after all.

00:08:12The sky falls on our heads.

00:08:14Scientists who have already seen these clouds say they seem to be falling from the sky.

00:08:18The Mammatus clouds look like gigantic white, cloudy chameleons,

00:08:23but it would be very difficult to make them glow.

00:08:26These strange, cloudy clouds can extend for hundreds of kilometres in any direction,

00:08:31remaining visible for short periods at the bottom of a cumulonimbus or other storm cloud.

00:08:37These strange formations are due to turbulence within the storm itself,

00:08:41creating an irregular cloud base.

00:08:43They can appear anywhere in the world.

00:08:46The Mammatus clouds form when humid air descends into dry air.

00:08:50The air must be fresher than its environment,

00:08:53cooled by ice or filled with water.

00:08:57Imagine that you are surfing on a perfect wave,

00:09:00and suddenly it freezes.

00:09:02It looks scary,

00:09:04but it can't happen in real life, can it?

00:09:06Well, it can.

00:09:08If you go to Antarctica, you may be able to see incredible frozen waves.

00:09:14These waves occur when the ice is compressed,

00:09:17and the ever stronger pressure brings out the air bubbles.

00:09:20As for the beautiful blue colour,

00:09:22it is the result of the melting and freezing of the ice.

00:09:28When summer arrives, an ordinary river in Colombia

00:09:32turns into a liquid rainbow.

00:09:34Cagno Cristales, often considered the most beautiful river in the world,

00:09:38shines in five colours.

00:09:40Red, black, green, blue and yellow.

00:09:46It shines only for six months of the year,

00:09:48because the aquatic plant that gives it this vivid colour

00:09:51needs the right amount of water and the right amount of sun to perform its magic.

00:09:59Australia has a unique horizontal waterfall on the coast of the Kimberley region.

00:10:03It is actually a rapid stream of tides

00:10:06that moves through two narrow and aligned rocks.

00:10:09Tides can rise up to nine metres.

00:10:11Falls reverse each time the tide changes.

00:10:17The world's largest rock is also found in Australia,

00:10:20where the Uru is so big that it looks like a large hill.

00:10:23It has a circumference of 10 kilometres and is 350 metres high.

00:10:28The edges are eroded because the rock has always been there.

00:10:34These brick buildings, standing on seven floors,

00:10:37were built from fertile soil, hay and water,

00:10:40which were turned into bricks and left to cook in the sun for days.

00:10:44The ground floor was used to store cattle and cereals,

00:10:48and the upper levels were meeting and contemplation places for the landscape.

00:10:55Lantelope Canyon, in Arizona,

00:10:58also known as the place where water flows into the rock,

00:11:01has two sections of melted canyons.

00:11:04Over the years, the water that flows through the ridge

00:11:07has formed a picturesque formation like no other.

00:11:14If you have the chance to walk one day on the arid soil of the Namibian desert,

00:11:18prepare for a strange scenery.

00:11:21You will see innumerable circular spots of two to five metres in diameter.

00:11:27Structured like a beehive,

00:11:29they extend over 2,400 kilometres to the horizon.

00:11:35These spots are also known as fairy circles,

00:11:38but you could be disappointed by the lack of explanation for this mystery.

00:11:42No one knows for sure the origin of these circles,

00:11:45even though there are many theories,

00:11:47from soil radioactivity to the activity of sand termites.

00:11:52Mount Aleakala, in Hawaii,

00:11:55is one of the most silent places in the world.

00:11:58The park's managers almost couldn't find a sound to measure here.

00:12:03In Hawaiian, the name means house of the sun.

00:12:09It formed thanks to a volcano that erupted a million years ago.

00:12:14The lava flows have accumulated over the years and formed a mountain.

00:12:18It has its own microclimate, which is impossible to predict.

00:12:25It takes almost a week by boat from South Africa

00:12:28to get to the most isolated colony in the world,

00:12:31called Edinburgh of the Seven Seas.

00:12:33You need a special permission from the local government

00:12:36to visit it as a tourist.

00:12:38About 300 inhabitants all live there as a family,

00:12:41grow their own food and keep their island impeccably clean.

00:12:46The Daintree Forest, in Australia,

00:12:49is the oldest tropical forest in the world.

00:12:52It has existed for more than 100 million years.

00:12:55Daintree houses unique animal species,

00:12:5812,000 different types of insects

00:13:00and about half of Australia's population of frogs,

00:13:03butterflies and bats.

00:13:05The tropical forest also has approximately 3,000 species of plants.

00:13:11The moving rocks are called so because they seem to move

00:13:15on the dry lake bed of Raystrike Playa,

00:13:18in the National Park of the Valley of Death in California.

00:13:22By moving, the rocks leave behind them

00:13:25frightening traces that have left scientists perplexed.

00:13:30After all, some of the rock blocks weigh more than 300 kg.

00:13:34In addition to that, some traces are curved,

00:13:37while others are mainly straight,

00:13:40with unexpected turns to the right or left.

00:13:45But finally, NASA experts have solved the mystery in 2006.

00:13:49It turns out that in winter, the lake is filled with water,

00:13:53covering the rocky blocks of the bottom with ice.

00:13:56And as the ice is quite floating,

00:13:58the underwater movements and the winds

00:14:00move the rocks on the bottom of the lake.

00:14:03In their sieges, they leave strange traces

00:14:06that can only be seen when the water evaporates in summer.

00:14:11The Maracaibo Lake in Venezuela

00:14:14is often nicknamed the world capital of lightning.

00:14:17Thunderstorms occur 300 days a year,

00:14:20with a peak in September.

00:14:22Sometimes there are up to 200 lightnings in one minute.

00:14:25This happens because the fresh air from the surrounding Andes

00:14:29meets the hot air of the Caribbean Sea and generates electricity.

00:14:36Some places on Earth have less gravity than others.

00:14:39The Hudson Bay in Canada, for example,

00:14:41was once covered by a very thick and very heavy glacier

00:14:44during the last glacial period.

00:14:46The ice had pushed tons of rocky mass outwards

00:14:49when it began to melt.

00:14:53The smaller the mass of an object, the less gravity it has.

00:14:57It will take another 5,000 years

00:14:59for the Earth to regain its initial shape in this place.

00:15:02In the meantime, you will always weigh less here

00:15:04than anywhere else in the world.

00:15:10The Five Flowers Lake in the Juzhaigu Valley in China

00:15:13changes color,

00:15:14from amber yellow to emerald green,

00:15:16from dark jade to light turquoise,

00:15:18and sometimes to coral.

00:15:22It never freezes thanks to the hot underwater sources

00:15:25and does not melt or dry,

00:15:27unlike other neighboring lakes.

00:15:29Locals say it is made up of pieces of a mirror fallen from the sky.

00:15:37The surrounding valley has narrow conical karstic reliefs

00:15:40and spectacular waterfalls

00:15:42and houses about 140 species of birds

00:15:44and giant pandas,

00:15:46as well as other endangered plant and animal species.

00:15:51The Denison Cape in the Commonwealth Bay in Antarctica

00:15:54is the most windy place on the planet.

00:15:57It has unusual downward winds.

00:15:59They are formed because of the dome-shaped continent

00:16:02and the always cold climate.

00:16:04These winds are so fast and strong

00:16:06that they disrupt the measuring instruments

00:16:08and the masts to which they are attached.

00:16:11The record speed to date is 322 km per hour.

00:16:17The Sahara Desert, which occupies 10% of the African continent,

00:16:21is extremely hot and dry.

00:16:23This is why it is one of the places where the sky is the clearest.

00:16:27There are almost never any clouds.

00:16:29This factor, coupled with the remoteness of all civilizations,

00:16:32makes it one of the best spots to observe the stars.

00:16:38In Denmark, people often witness

00:16:40a strange phenomenon called the black sun.

00:16:44And it is even stranger when we know

00:16:46that birds are the origin of this unusual phenomenon.

00:16:52Every spring and autumn,

00:16:54millions of swallows start their annual migration

00:16:57from Sweden, Finland and Norway

00:16:59to Great Britain, Belgium and France.

00:17:02Denmark is the place where you can observe the black sun,

00:17:05the Danish name for the black sun.

00:17:10Birds travel in large flights,

00:17:12which facilitates the exchange of information

00:17:14and allows them to stay warm.

00:17:16Before landing, they perform movements that look like a dance.

00:17:20But in fact, they perform different formations

00:17:23to try to make the predators flee.

00:17:25And although birds fly according to highly synchronized patterns,

00:17:29people think that the huge flight changes shape in a chaotic way.

00:17:35The black sun lasts only 20 minutes during the sunset,

00:17:39and you have to be either fast or lucky to see this phenomenon.

00:17:46The secret of the candy color of the pink sand beach of Barbados

00:17:49lies in the crushed corals that are there

00:17:52and the tiny unicellular red organisms that live below.

00:17:58You can see this famous color when the waves are strong enough

00:18:01to bring this mixture to the shore.

00:18:03The secret of the impeccable cleanliness of this place

00:18:06is that it has no public facilities

00:18:08and is less frequented than the other Caribbean islands.

00:18:14It took thousands of years to form the Picaninny Strait in Australia.

00:18:18During all this time,

00:18:19the soft underground water slowly rose to the surface through the limestone.

00:18:23This formed a large underwater cave on the walls of white limestone.

00:18:27You need a special permit to dive here,

00:18:29but it's really worth it.

00:18:34The Batara Gorge Waterfall presents three natural bridges

00:18:37that everyone can cross

00:18:39in order to take superb photos and even go on a picnic.

00:18:42The waterfall is the result of the erosion of limestone

00:18:45that has lasted for millions of years.

00:18:47It's almost as if someone made a hole in the middle.

00:18:50It is located in the village of Tanurin,

00:18:52which is only two hours from the Lebanese capital, Beirut.

00:18:58A village in the state of Meghalaya, in India,

00:19:01is known to be the most humid on the planet,

00:19:03according to the Guinness Book of Records.

00:19:05The average annual rainfall there is about 12,000 mm.

00:19:11This is the result of the hot and humid mousse winds

00:19:14coming from the Gulf of Bengal,

00:19:16which brings clouds full of rain.

00:19:18It pours into the rivers and waterfalls and never stops.

00:19:21The inhabitants who work in the fields

00:19:23always wear baskets-shaped blankets

00:19:25to protect themselves as well as possible.

00:19:29The village of Leknes, which has about 3,500 inhabitants,

00:19:33is located in Norway, above the polar circle.

00:19:36It benefits from an exceptionally mild climate

00:19:39compared to other places located at the same latitude.

00:19:42In July, the average minimum temperature is 0 ° C

00:19:45and rarely goes below minus 1 ° C.

00:19:48In July, the average temperature is 12 ° C,

00:19:51which is quite common for many other places in Europe.

00:19:56You go to the island of Kemada Grande,

00:19:59one of the most dangerous in the world.

00:20:01There, you find yourself in the middle of a tropical forest.

00:20:04There are huge rocks and grassy plains.

00:20:07This place is home to birds,

00:20:08otters and giant cockroaches.

00:20:11But there is also another animal.

00:20:13And it is because of this one that the island has acquired

00:20:15its sinister reputation.

00:20:17There are snakes, and in large numbers.

00:20:19In such large numbers that the place is also known

00:20:22under the name of the Snake Island.

00:20:24Can you survive there?

00:20:26Located only 32 km from the coast of Brazil,

00:20:29the island has an area of 43 hectares.

00:20:32It was probably cut off from the continent

00:20:34during the last glacial period.

00:20:36For this reason, the snakes have found themselves

00:20:39among most other animal species.

00:20:41They have lived there without any rivals,

00:20:43having almost unlimited sources of food.

00:20:46In such a small space,

00:20:48there are up to 4,000 snakes,

00:20:50which represents 1 snake per square meter.

00:20:52It would therefore be very difficult

00:20:54to never cross one of these creatures on this island.

00:20:58This snake, the insular trigonocephalus,

00:21:01is not only the most common on the island,

00:21:03but it also turns out to be,

00:21:04in the family of viperidae,

00:21:06an extremely venomous species.

00:21:08In fact, it is one of the most venomous species

00:21:10in all of Latin America.

00:21:12The power of its venom is due to its great isolation.

00:21:15Apart from snakes,

00:21:16there are only birds on this land.

00:21:18And to catch these birds,

00:21:19the venom of the snakes had to be particularly violent.

00:21:22As a result,

00:21:23since they were separated from their distant parents,

00:21:25their venom has become almost five times more powerful.

00:21:29Most of the time,

00:21:30the insular trigonocephalus hides

00:21:32in the trees or leaves that cover the ground.

00:21:34If you ever find yourself stuck here,

00:21:36it is better that you keep a good distance from these animals.

00:21:39Snakes mainly use their odors and vibrations

00:21:42to capture their prey.

00:21:43If you get too close to one of them,

00:21:45stay still or move away slowly.

00:21:47If you emit too many vibrations,

00:21:49they will feel threatened,

00:21:50which could push them to attack you.

00:21:53If you see one at a distance,

00:21:55or if you are heading towards tall grass,

00:21:57tap your feet several times.

00:21:59This will inform the snakes of your presence.

00:22:02They will not take the risk of measuring themselves

00:22:04to a prey larger than them,

00:22:05and will probably flee quite quickly.

00:22:08It is always good to carry a stick

00:22:10in case you happen to stumble upon a snake.

00:22:14You will have a kind of extension

00:22:16that will prevent you from biting.

00:22:18This stick could save your life.

00:22:20If it has a V-shaped end,

00:22:22your stick will give you even more advantage.

00:22:25If a snake begins to behave aggressively,

00:22:28you can hold it to the ground

00:22:29and stop it in its tracks.

00:22:30But whatever happens,

00:22:31don't try to pick it up.

00:22:34Well, but what should you do if you get bitten?

00:22:37The risks are quite high on this island, of course.

00:22:40First of all, don't try to extract the venom

00:22:42by your own means.

00:22:43Make sure to call the emergency services immediately.

00:22:46And once the rescuers are on their way,

00:22:48apply a wide bandage on the wound.

00:22:50A piece of fabric will do the trick

00:22:52if you have nothing else.

00:22:53Don't try to chase the snake

00:22:55to determine its species.

00:22:56The emergency services will know

00:22:58and identify the venom it is.

00:23:00Now you just have to stay calm

00:23:02and wait for the rescuers.

00:23:03You may be wondering

00:23:04who you can call on this abandoned island.

00:23:07Well, as it is strictly forbidden to visit this place,

00:23:10signs have been installed all over the island.

00:23:13You will find a number there

00:23:14that you can call if you have problems.

00:23:17Let's say now that you have managed

00:23:19to avoid getting bitten.

00:23:21What will you be able to eat on the spot?

00:23:24Queimada in Portuguese means

00:23:26burning or forest fire.

00:23:28And this name has a story.

00:23:31Indeed, the whole island has been deliberately set on fire

00:23:34to allow the creation of a banana plantation.

00:23:37Unfortunately, things did not go as well

00:23:40as entrepreneurs hoped.

00:23:42Probably because the snakes

00:23:43did not let the farmers work in peace.

00:23:45But some banana trees continue to grow today

00:23:48and they will bring you the nutrients

00:23:50you need so much.

00:23:51You will also need to fill up on protein

00:23:53during your stay.

00:23:55Fortunately, in addition to snakes,

00:23:57this island also houses cockroaches.

00:23:59These giant prehistoric-looking cockroaches

00:24:02go out at night to feed on plants.

00:24:05So turn on your barbecue and enjoy this rare meal.

00:24:10But the best way to survive on this island

00:24:12is to avoid it at all costs.

00:24:14If, by chance, you pass in front of it,

00:24:16do not forget that this place

00:24:17was once connected to the continent.

00:24:19The rocks under the surface of the waters

00:24:21are therefore a great risk for your boat

00:24:23if you get too close.

00:24:25Therefore, make sure to keep a good distance from the shore

00:24:28during your crossing.

00:24:30Of course, the island is the most intriguing.

00:24:32But do not forget that regardless of the distance

00:24:34from which you approach these lands,

00:24:36you will not be able to see the snakes from your boat.

00:24:38You will only see these creatures if you approach them,

00:24:41which is absolutely not recommended.

00:24:43Because it is not only the reptiles

00:24:44that make this place dangerous.

00:24:46Pirates visit this island quite regularly.

00:24:49Not the wooden-legged pirates

00:24:50who sing while counting their gold coins,

00:24:53but those who are called the biopirates

00:24:55who come here to capture the animal

00:24:57that makes the island so dangerous.

00:24:59They come for the snakes,

00:25:01in order to catch them and sell them on the black market.

00:25:04Since the island was cut off from the world

00:25:06about 11,000 years ago,

00:25:08the insular trigonocephalus has evolved in its own habitat.

00:25:11So, although the number of these reptiles

00:25:13is high in these places,

00:25:15the species is now considered a threat.

00:25:17And because of their rarity,

00:25:18their value is very high.

00:25:20They are sold for sums close to 30,000 euros

00:25:22on the illegal markets,

00:25:24which of course gives biopirates

00:25:26the motivation necessary to come to this island.

00:25:28There are still simpler ways to make a living.

00:25:31Finally, let's say you have all the resources

00:25:33necessary to survive in one of the most dangerous places in the world.

00:25:36Do you think you will be able to achieve this feat?

00:25:39Do you think maybe it's impossible?

00:25:41You will be surprised to know that in reality,

00:25:43it is perfectly feasible,

00:25:44if you know what you are doing.

00:25:46Many people have already visited this frightening place.

00:25:49Teams of scientists often go there.

00:25:52They study the insular trigonocephalus,

00:25:54its environment and its sources of food

00:25:56for conservation purposes.

00:25:58But researchers always make sure

00:26:00that there is a doctor on the team.

00:26:02There is also a lighthouse on Serpent Island.

00:26:05It was operated until the 1920s.

00:26:08Then it was automated.

00:26:10You can easily guess why.

00:26:12Brazilian authorities visit this lighthouse once a year

00:26:14to make sure that it still works properly.

00:26:17The inhabitants of the continent know the reputation of the island.

00:26:20So the stories of people who would have disappeared there are rather rare.

00:26:24But a group of fishermen

00:26:26one day got too close to its shore.

00:26:28While they were following their usual route,

00:26:30they accidentally got too close to the coast.

00:26:33Their boat hit a reef under the waves

00:26:35and began to fill with water.

00:26:37As the boat was sinking rapidly,

00:26:39the men had only two options.

00:26:41Try to survive in the agitated sea

00:26:43or swim to the beach of Serpent Island.

00:26:45It was obviously a difficult choice.

00:26:47After all, they had heard all the stories.

00:26:50And it was not only the snakes that frightened them.

00:26:52A legend said that the island was cursed.

00:26:54But without worrying about these tales of sleeping standing up,

00:26:57the fishermen chose to try their luck on the island of Queimada Grande.

00:27:00After reaching the shore,

00:27:02they tried to be careful.

00:27:04Their knowledge of the island could help them survive.

00:27:06More importantly,

00:27:08they knew that they had to avoid the tropical forest at all costs.

00:27:12When the men started to get hungry,

00:27:14they carefully headed to the edge of the forest

00:27:16in order to pick bananas.

00:27:18But they spent the rest of their time

00:27:20waiting for the rescuers to sit quietly

00:27:22in order to conserve their energy.

00:27:24They could only drink water when it was raining.

00:27:26It was barely enough for them to stay alive.

00:27:28They slept on the beach

00:27:30without protection against the elements.

00:27:32And yet, they were so close to the lighthouse and the caves,

00:27:35they were extremely careful.

00:27:38But it was either to endure a certain discomfort,

00:27:40or to risk their lives for a dry bed.

00:27:44They did not give in to temptation.

00:27:46They managed to survive for three days

00:27:48without any of them being bitten by a snake.

00:27:51After that, a boat finally rescued them.

00:27:55There you go, now you know that anything is possible.

00:28:00Are you a seasoned swimmer,

00:28:02brave enough to dive in any ocean or any sea?

00:28:05Bad news, there are places you'd better avoid,

00:28:08even if you know how to swim or dive.

00:28:10Some of these places have dangerous underwater reefs,

00:28:13powerful tides and currents.

00:28:15Others are famous for the legends

00:28:17about their monsters and mysterious creatures they shelter.

00:28:20So let's dive into this panorama of aquatic horrors.

00:28:23Have you ever heard of the term stride?

00:28:25It's a variant of the word stride,

00:28:27which is used in the Yorkshire,

00:28:29and which refers to a narrow section of the Wharf River,

00:28:32which is so small that you could probably trip over it.

00:28:35But don't be fooled by its size,

00:28:37it's one of the most dangerous places in the area,

00:28:39and just taking a step in the water

00:28:41can have disastrous consequences.

00:28:43The Wharf has a powerful current,

00:28:45and as the stride is so narrow,

00:28:47it is even stronger in this area.

00:28:50The intense flow of water has eroded the limestone around it,

00:28:53which has created much deeper hollow spaces

00:28:56than the rest of the riverbed.

00:28:59And here's the secret,

00:29:01the current has also weakened the stride's banks below.

00:29:04So the ground you're standing on,

00:29:06if you look at this rapid flow,

00:29:08is probably just a fragile edge

00:29:10suspended above other ridges.

00:29:12There is no trace of anyone

00:29:14who has found themselves in the stride's water

00:29:16and who has managed to escape it.

00:29:18And worst of all,

00:29:20you would never suspect that this innocent-looking stream

00:29:22could represent such a danger.

00:29:24So we advise you to stick to a safer water plan

00:29:27for your aquatic escapades.

00:29:31If you're looking to escape the time of a weekend in California,

00:29:34Horseshoe Lake is the place for you.

00:29:36It has everything for you,

00:29:38sandy beaches, hiking trails, and picnic areas.

00:29:40But wait, there's something else beyond the appearance.

00:29:43This lake has a dark side,

00:29:45that is, about 40 hectares of dead trees around it.

00:29:48And it's not just the trees that have been victims of this lake.

00:29:51The earthquakes that took place between 1989 and 1990

00:29:55released carbon dioxide trapped in the magma in fusion.

00:29:58This gas infiltrated the air,

00:30:00entangling all forms of life around the lake.

00:30:03Even today, Horseshoe Lake is just as dangerous as it was 30 years ago.

00:30:07What makes it so frightening

00:30:09is that the levels of this toxic gas

00:30:11change unpredictably.

00:30:14The warning signs that are all over the place

00:30:17could certainly give a touch of horror

00:30:19to this fun wild hike.

00:30:23In Kauai, in the Hawaiian archipelago,

00:30:25there is a group of breathtaking waterfalls

00:30:27that used to be a popular destination for tourists.

00:30:30The Kipu Falls, as they are called,

00:30:32used to be a privileged place for swimming and diving.

00:30:35To get there, you had to walk a long walk along a dirt path,

00:30:38to finally reach an impregnable view

00:30:40over a 6-meter-high waterfall

00:30:42that overflowed into a crystal clear water basin.

00:30:45But since 2011, this area has been banned from the public.

00:30:51Why?

00:30:52Well, a lot of accidents have occurred at the Kipu Falls.

00:30:55Of course, jumping from the top of the waterfall

00:30:57would be the most obvious cause.

00:31:00But there are much more mysterious cases.

00:31:04Witnesses say that swimmers

00:31:06peacefully enjoyed the water at the bottom of the falls

00:31:08before being suddenly sucked under the surface.

00:31:12No precise explanation has ever been found for these accidents.

00:31:17Locals think that it is the Mo'o aquatic spirit

00:31:19that should be blamed,

00:31:21because it prefers to be disturbed by noisy tourists.

00:31:24There is also a theory about a powerful whirlwind

00:31:26coming from the bottom of the basin.

00:31:28Tourist guides no longer mention the Kipu Falls,

00:31:31and intruders are severely reprimanded.

00:31:37The Samae San hole, located in the Gulf of Thailand,

00:31:40seems to be the ideal place for divers

00:31:42looking for strong sensations,

00:31:44but it is also the most dangerous.

00:31:46With an abyss of 85 meters,

00:31:48it is the deepest diving site in the region.

00:31:50But its depth is not the only reason

00:31:52why it is considered a place to avoid.

00:31:55It is an important navigation crossroads

00:31:57for giant oil workers,

00:31:59and the powerful currents around the hole

00:32:01make the dive even more treacherous.

00:32:04And as if that were not enough,

00:32:06the Samae San hole also houses ferocious barracudas,

00:32:08which could easily be taken by unsuspecting divers.

00:32:11The water there is so turbulent

00:32:13that visibility is almost zero,

00:32:15which makes it difficult to spot these aggressive marine creatures.

00:32:19In short, the Samae San hole

00:32:21is a breathtaking place,

00:32:23but extremely dangerous,

00:32:25and should only be explored by experienced divers.

00:32:30So let us tell you about New Smyrna Beach,

00:32:32the world capital of shark attacks.

00:32:35If you are looking for a relaxing vacation spot

00:32:37in the county of Volusia in Florida,

00:32:39you may have to think twice.

00:32:42The waters around New Smyrna Beach

00:32:44are full of fish,

00:32:46which attracts a lot of squalls.

00:32:48In fact, there have been so many shark attacks

00:32:50reported in this region

00:32:52that it has earned its title

00:32:54as the capital of shark attacks.

00:32:58Researchers themselves have warned

00:33:00that anyone who goes to swim there

00:33:02would certainly find themselves in close contact

00:33:04with at least one of them.

00:33:06We are talking about a distance of 3 meters at most,

00:33:08and in many cases, you would not even realize it.

00:33:11To make matters worse, the Bulldog shark,

00:33:13one of the most dangerous and aggressive

00:33:15types of sharks,

00:33:17has been spotted in these waters.

00:33:20Kauai is once again on our list.

00:33:22A beach on the coast of Napali,

00:33:24called Anakapiai Beach,

00:33:26may look like heaven on earth

00:33:28in many ways, but you are not wrong.

00:33:30To access it, you will have to climb

00:33:32an extremely steep rocky path

00:33:34over more than 3 kilometers.

00:33:36There is no lifeguard on this isolated beach,

00:33:38so if you decide to dive in the water,

00:33:40you will be delivered to yourself.

00:33:44The biggest threat to your safety

00:33:46are the incredibly strong currents.

00:33:48They are almost always present,

00:33:50because there is no reef

00:33:52that protects this shore.

00:33:54And if someone is caught in one of these currents,

00:33:56there is no safe place to swim

00:33:58at miles around.

00:34:00The nearest beach is 10 kilometers away.

00:34:02Believe us, Anakapiai Beach

00:34:04is far from being the safest.

00:34:06It is therefore highly recommended

00:34:08to stay out of the water

00:34:10if you ever come to this beach.

00:34:12Let us now tell you about a place

00:34:14that seems straight out of a horror movie.

00:34:16It is Berkeley Pit,

00:34:18an artificial lake located in Butte,

00:34:20in Montana.

00:34:22The first thing you will notice

00:34:24about this place

00:34:26is its disturbing blood-red color,

00:34:28which tends to make you uncomfortable.

00:34:30You might be tempted

00:34:32to go for a dip,

00:34:34but it would be a serious mistake.

00:34:36Do not even touch it.

00:34:38This water is incredibly dangerous

00:34:40due to the heavy metals present there,

00:34:42such as cadmium, arsenic, zinc,

00:34:44lead and copper.

00:34:46They come from the rocks

00:34:48surrounding the lake

00:34:50and make its water extremely acidic.

00:34:52This place used to be

00:34:54an open-air copper mine,

00:34:56which explains its color.

00:34:58So if you want our advice,

00:35:00avoid this place like the plague.

00:35:02There are three lakes in Africa

00:35:04that are perhaps the most dangerous

00:35:06of all those we have mentioned so far.

00:35:08The Monoun Lakes

00:35:10and Nios in Cameroon

00:35:12and the Kivu Lake

00:35:14in Rwanda

00:35:16are like delayed bombs

00:35:18ready to explode.

00:35:20They are formed on top

00:35:22of underground rock deposits.

00:35:24And sometimes these rocks

00:35:26release toxic gases

00:35:28such as methane

00:35:30and carbon dioxide

00:35:32directly into the water.

00:35:34When this happens,

00:35:36these gases can accumulate

00:35:38and suddenly flow out of the water,

00:35:40causing a toxic gas cloud

00:35:42that can be harmful

00:35:44to everything nearby.

00:35:46The most terrifying thing is

00:35:48that these explosions

00:35:50can occur at any time

00:35:52and without any precursor sign.

00:35:54So if you ever find yourself

00:35:56near one of these lakes,

00:35:58you'd better be on your guard

00:36:00because you never know

00:36:02when the next one could occur.

00:36:04Maybe you know other places

00:36:06you wouldn't recommend

00:36:08but you never know.

00:36:10The Tsunami

00:36:14Tsunami of Boxing Day, Indonesia.

00:36:16An earthquake

00:36:18triggers in the morning.

00:36:20These tremors cause a series

00:36:22of tsunami waves.

00:36:24The largest reached the height

00:36:26of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.

00:36:28Mega Tsunami of the Unzen Volcano.

00:36:30A powerful volcanic eruption

00:36:32triggers a landslide

00:36:34from a lava dome 4,000 years old.

00:36:36Mega Tsunami of the Vallente Dam, Italy.

00:36:38A landslide causes

00:36:40255 million cubic meters

00:36:42of forest, earth

00:36:44and rocks in the lake.

00:36:46A dark water wall

00:36:48obscures the sky above

00:36:50a small village at the foot

00:36:52of the Vallente Dam.

00:36:54Then, in a deafening roar,

00:36:56the wave crosses the edge

00:36:58of the dam, carrying everything

00:37:00on its way.

00:37:02Mega Tsunami of Mount St. Helene,

00:37:04Causing a huge landslide.

00:37:06A part of this avalanche

00:37:08plunges into Lake Spirit.

00:37:10It pushes the lake's waters

00:37:12into a series of waves

00:37:14almost as high as the Eiffel Tower.

00:37:16Tsunami of Lake Lituya, Alaska.

00:37:18A landslide caused

00:37:20by an earthquake

00:37:22creates a mega wave.

00:37:24It deflates over the cape

00:37:26and carries the trees,

00:37:28plants and soil

00:37:30to the rocky substrates.

00:37:32Tsunami of the second largest

00:37:34building in the world,

00:37:36Shanghai Tower.

00:37:38The waves reach Mexico

00:37:40and California.

00:37:42Tsunami of the asteroid

00:37:44of Yucatan.

00:37:46The asteroid, which would have

00:37:48destroyed the dinosaurs,

00:37:50hits the peninsula of Yucatan.

00:37:52It creates a mega tsunami,

00:37:54the largest in the history

00:37:56of the Earth.

00:37:58The first wave is almost

00:38:00the most powerful in the Atlantic.

00:38:02The storm pours 10 cm of rain

00:38:04per hour for two days

00:38:06in Honduras.

00:38:08It causes terrible mudslides

00:38:10and floods.

00:38:12Hurricane Helene.

00:38:14An extreme power,

00:38:16the storm is one of the few

00:38:18to reach Category 5,

00:38:20the highest possible.

00:38:22It causes more than $2 billion

00:38:24in damage.

00:38:26The Great Hurricane.

00:38:28It is the most powerful tropical cyclone

00:38:30to have hit the Bahamas.

00:38:32The hurricane razes most of the

00:38:34structures on its islands

00:38:36and takes them into the sea.

00:38:38Hurricane Vilma.

00:38:40The storm occurs in the Caribbean

00:38:42near Jamaica

00:38:44and heads west.

00:38:46Two days later,

00:38:48it gains enough power

00:38:50to become the most intense hurricane

00:38:52ever recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.

00:38:54Hurricane Patricia.

00:38:56A regular storm develops a well-defined eye

00:38:58and turns into a Category 5 hurricane

00:39:00in 24 hours only.

00:39:02At some point, it moves faster

00:39:04than a Ferrari at its maximum speed.

00:39:06This makes Patricia the most intense

00:39:08tropical cyclone ever recorded in the world.

00:39:10Earthquake

00:39:12of Kamchatka.

00:39:14It occurs in the early morning

00:39:16at 130 km from the coast of Kamchatka.

00:39:18The earthquake causes a tsunami.

00:39:20The first two waves are catastrophic

00:39:22up to 18 meters high.

00:39:24Earthquake

00:39:26of Valparaiso, Chile.

00:39:28It occurs around 5 a.m.

00:39:30at the limit of two tectonic plates.

00:39:32The tsunami triggered by the earthquake

00:39:34destroys 1,000 km of the Chilean coast.

00:39:36Earthquake of Tohoku, Japan.

00:39:38The first earthquakes

00:39:40begin at a depth underwater.

00:39:42The earthquake is so strong

00:39:44that it moves the main island of Japan.

00:39:46It also moves the entire planet

00:39:4825 cm on its axis

00:39:50and increases its rotational speed.

00:39:52Earthquake

00:39:54of Sumatra, Indonesia.

00:39:56It is a tsunami with waves

00:39:58of 40 meters high

00:40:00that move at a distance

00:40:02of 10 km inside the land.

00:40:04Earthquake in the Indian Ocean,

00:40:06Sumatra.

00:40:08A rupture along two tectonic plates

00:40:10triggers an underwater earthquake.

00:40:12It begins around 8 a.m.

00:40:14near the north of Sumatra,

00:40:16in Indonesia.

00:40:18It moves the planet by 1 cm

00:40:20in 1 minute and 38 seconds.

00:40:22A rupture of 1,000 km long

00:40:24causes terrible landslides

00:40:26and a tsunami of 8 meters high.

00:40:28The zones located 300 km away

00:40:30are raised by 10 meters.

00:40:32In other places,

00:40:34it decreases by 2.5 meters permanently.

00:40:36Valdivia, Chile.

00:40:38The great Chilean earthquake

00:40:40begins in the afternoon

00:40:42and does not last less than 10 minutes.

00:40:44The disaster hits an area

00:40:46the size of California.

00:40:48New Zealand.

00:40:50An average tornado usually lasts

00:40:52less than 10 minutes,

00:40:54but there are exceptions.

00:40:56Tornado of El Reno.

00:40:58It is considered the largest tornado

00:41:00in the world.

00:41:02It reaches a diameter

00:41:04of 4 km.

00:41:06Tornado of Perryville,

00:41:08United States.

00:41:10It occurs around 2 a.m.

00:41:12and begins to cut down

00:41:14trees and destroy

00:41:16Tornado of Bridge Creek Moor.

00:41:18When the tornado arrives

00:41:20in the city of Bridge Creek,

00:41:22its width is at its maximum,

00:41:241.5 to 2.5 km.

00:41:26The wind speed in the tornado

00:41:28reaches more than 450 km per hour.

00:41:30This natural disaster

00:41:32causes $ 1 billion in damage.

00:41:34Manitoba, Canada.

00:41:36An exceptional tornado

00:41:38rages for nearly 3 hours.

00:41:40It breaks hundreds of trees

00:41:42and electric poles,

00:41:44and destroys houses.

00:41:46Tornado of New York,

00:41:48United States.

00:41:50The longest tornado in the world

00:41:52travels 350 km through Missouri,

00:41:54Illinois and Indiana.

00:41:56The average trajectory of a tornado

00:41:58generally does not exceed 8 km.

00:42:00Tupelo, Gainesville, United States.

00:42:02A complex system of at least

00:42:0412 individual tornadoes

00:42:06destroys everything in its path.

00:42:08Tornadoes also trigger

00:42:10severe sudden floods

00:42:12like the one of 100 Great Pyramids of Giza

00:42:14at the top of Mount Toc.

00:42:16They fall into the reservoir

00:42:18of the Bayant Dam,

00:42:20producing a tsunami wave

00:42:22higher than the Golden Gate Bridge

00:42:24of San Francisco.

00:42:26Yunnan, China.

00:42:28An avalanche of rocks,

00:42:30stones and mud,

00:42:32so thick that it could fill

00:42:34the port of Sydney,

00:42:36forms a dam

00:42:38on the Jincha River.

00:42:40Peru.

00:42:42A tornado

00:42:44makes a dam

00:42:46in the Mantaro River,

00:42:48a long river that crosses

00:42:50the center of Peru.

00:42:52The whole process does not take

00:42:54more than 3 minutes,

00:42:56which means that the flow

00:42:58moves at a speed

00:43:00that can reach 140 km per hour.

00:43:02It also leaves a 8 km long

00:43:04debris drain.

00:43:06Tajikistan.

00:43:08This is how the Soi Dam appears,

00:43:10one of the highest in the world.

00:43:12Mount St. Helens, United States.

00:43:14At 8.30 am, a disastrous earthquake

00:43:16slides the entire north face of Mount St. Helens.

00:43:18It is the largest landslide

00:43:20recorded in the world.

00:43:22It unleashes a volcanic chimney

00:43:24and causes a catastrophic eruption.

00:43:26North Bonneville, United States.

00:43:28In the middle of the 15th century,

00:43:30a large earthquake occurs.

00:43:32An incredible amount of debris

00:43:34has been precipitating since Table Mountain.

00:43:36This earthquake blocks the Columbia River

00:43:38with a dam 61 meters high

00:43:40and 6 km long.

00:43:42Tired of this boring old land?

00:43:44Do you want to know

00:43:46what is beyond the starry sky?

00:43:48You are not the only one.

00:43:50People have been asking

00:43:52the same question for centuries.

00:43:54Fortunately, scientists have

00:43:56everything planned.

00:43:58They have discovered a large number

00:44:00of amazing places located

00:44:02light years from our blue planet.

00:44:04It is a fascinating discovery, isn't it?

00:44:06So, get on board!

00:44:08The spacecraft of knowledge is about to take off.

00:44:10Your first stop is located

00:44:122.5 billion light years from Earth.

00:44:14It is a quasar,

00:44:16one of the brightest objects in the universe

00:44:18and the first to be discovered.

00:44:20A quasar is not a star,

00:44:22but a distant galaxy.

00:44:24This extremely bright object

00:44:26draws its energy from a supermassive black hole.

00:44:28A disc of matter

00:44:30swirls around the black hole

00:44:32It's a bit like when you're cold

00:44:34and you rub your hands against each other

00:44:36to warm up.

00:44:38The friction between the palms creates heat,

00:44:40which gives a feeling of well-being and comfort.

00:44:42The same thing happens in the quasar,

00:44:44but the amount of heat is more important.

00:44:46Much more important.

00:44:48I hope you didn't forget to bring sunscreen.

00:44:50The temperature in the heart of this quasar

00:44:52can reach 10 trillion degrees Celsius.

00:44:58This object shines 100 times more

00:45:00than all the stars in its galaxy combined.

00:45:04It's time to lower the temperature a bit.

00:45:06Minus 272 degrees Celsius,

00:45:08to be precise.

00:45:10This is the temperature

00:45:12of a young planetary nebula

00:45:14called the Boomerang Nebula.

00:45:16It is 5,000 light years from Earth.

00:45:18NASA's Hubble Space Telescope

00:45:20took images of this formation

00:45:22in 1998.

00:45:24It is made up of gas

00:45:26coming from a star at the end of its life.

00:45:28Inside the nebula,

00:45:30there is more wind than in the city of winds.

00:45:32Winds reach speeds

00:45:34of 500,000 km per hour.

00:45:36And it is to them that we owe

00:45:38the glacial temperatures of the nebula.

00:45:40Researchers have been impressed

00:45:42to discover that the temperature

00:45:44of the Boomerang Nebula

00:45:46is just above 1 degree to the absolute zero.

00:45:48Zero Kelvin should be

00:45:50the coldest temperature possible.

00:45:52This is the point where all molecular

00:45:54and atomic activity stops.

00:45:56It makes you want to increase

00:45:58the thermostat of your spaceship.

00:46:00Then you go to a place

00:46:02you don't necessarily want to visit.

00:46:04I'm sorry,

00:46:06it's the black hole.

00:46:08This giant is located in the heart

00:46:10of a large galaxy

00:46:12a few 10.4 billion light years from our planet.

00:46:14Its mass is 66 billion times

00:46:16higher than that of the Sun.

00:46:18What a shame to make

00:46:20the supermassive black hole

00:46:22of our galaxy blush.

00:46:24Its mass is only 4.5 million times

00:46:26higher than that of the Sun.

00:46:28But it's better not to get close

00:46:30because black holes feed on matter.

00:46:32By calculating the amount of matter

00:46:34they consume,

00:46:36scientists can determine

00:46:38their rate of expansion.

00:46:40And these black holes have a great appetite.

00:46:42Astronomers think that supermassive

00:46:44black holes are hiding

00:46:46somewhere in the universe.

00:46:48If they really exist,

00:46:50their mass is estimated

00:46:52to be 100 billion times that of the Sun.

00:46:56It's time to eat something light.

00:46:58The spaceship enters

00:47:00the Kepler-51 system.

00:47:02This system houses the lightest

00:47:04planets in our universe,

00:47:06called superpuffs.

00:47:08This term evokes something light,

00:47:10and it is indeed the case.

00:47:12The mass of these planets is equal

00:47:14or slightly higher than that of the Earth.

00:47:16But that doesn't mean they're small.

00:47:18Imagine them as giant

00:47:20planetary clusters.

00:47:22These are newly born planets

00:47:24whose atmosphere is still cooling down.

00:47:26It is preferable, however,

00:47:28to wait for the end of this process

00:47:30because 260°C is too hot to handle.

00:47:32But for experts,

00:47:34superpuffs are special.

00:47:36These planets are incredibly rare

00:47:38since researchers have managed

00:47:40to discover less than 20 of them to date.

00:47:42Are you ready for a race?

00:47:44Let's say the ship you're on

00:47:46travels at a speed of 40,000 km per hour.

00:47:48This is the highest speed

00:47:50in the history of mankind.

00:47:52It was established by NASA's

00:47:54Astronauts' Trio

00:47:56during the Apollo 10 mission in 1969.

00:47:58And no, I'm not talking about

00:48:00Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.

00:48:02They took part in the Apollo 11 mission

00:48:04later in the year.

00:48:06Today, you're going to measure yourself

00:48:08to a star 18,000 light-years away from Earth.

00:48:10Your biggest advantage is

00:48:12that it's a neutron star.

00:48:14It was formed when another massive star

00:48:16became a nuclear target

00:48:18and could no longer meet its needs.

00:48:20Imagine a car driving on an empty tank.

00:48:22Victory could not be closer, could it?

00:48:24Well, not quite.

00:48:26When a massive star estimates

00:48:28that its time has elapsed,

00:48:30it shrinks and starts to rotate.

00:48:32Artificial skaters do the same

00:48:34during a pirouette.

00:48:36They fold their arms

00:48:38to increase the maximum rotation.

00:48:40This neutron star is the universe's champion.

00:48:42It rotates at a speed of 250 million km per hour.

00:48:44That's about 24% of the speed of light.

00:48:46Wow!

00:48:48Are you running out of energy right now?

00:48:50It's time to recharge

00:48:52with a gamma beacon.

00:48:54Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves

00:48:56generated by various forms of radiation.

00:48:58These beacons were practically

00:49:00unknown to science

00:49:02until the late 1960s.

00:49:04Satellites equipped with gamma-ray detectors

00:49:06accidentally recorded

00:49:08huge rays outside our solar system.

00:49:10What is it?

00:49:12Nothing dark,

00:49:14since these are the most energetic

00:49:16forms of light.

00:49:18Scientists believe that gamma-ray bursts

00:49:20occur when two neutron stars

00:49:22collide and form a black hole.

00:49:24The other explanation is

00:49:26that these are the final stages

00:49:28of a supernova's life.

00:49:30This event occurs when a star

00:49:32decides to go out with a bang.

00:49:34Gamma-ray bursts are brighter

00:49:36than a diamond.

00:49:38They are a billion times brighter

00:49:40than the sun.

00:49:42It's a real explosion of energy.

00:49:44Your mood is a little relaxed.

00:49:46You want to visit a place

00:49:48that is attractive.

00:49:50No, I'm not talking about a balneary station,

00:49:52but a magnetar.

00:49:54It's a special neutron star.

00:49:56Magnetars have a magnetic field

00:49:58a billion times more powerful

00:50:00than our planet.

00:50:02But don't let this attraction seduce you.

00:50:04Let's just say that you won't live long enough

00:50:06to tell it if you get close to one of them.

00:50:08In 2004, an eruption from the surface

00:50:10of a magnetar managed to compress

00:50:12the Earth's magnetic field

00:50:14at a distance of 50,000 light-years.

00:50:16Impressive for a star

00:50:18the size of a city.

00:50:20It makes you want to team up

00:50:22with this oversized magnet

00:50:24to make the biggest hold-up possible.

00:50:26A magnetar can fly

00:50:28all the credit cards on Earth

00:50:30at an equal distance from the Moon.

00:50:32Fortunately for humans,

00:50:34NASA has only discovered

00:50:36some of its stars to this day.

00:50:38You've barely escaped

00:50:40the attraction of a magnetar.

00:50:42Suddenly, you feel a strange force

00:50:44pulling you away from your holding point.

00:50:46It's the Grand Attractor,

00:50:48one of the biggest mysteries

00:50:50in the universe.

00:50:52This massive gravitational irregularity

00:50:54has attracted us closer and closer

00:50:56to it for billions of years.

00:50:58Scientists estimate that the Grand Attractor

00:51:00is located in the center

00:51:02of the Super-Amma, the Niakea.

00:51:04This name means

00:51:06the immeasurable sky in Hawaiian.

00:51:08It represents a gigantic set

00:51:10of planets, stars and asteroids.

00:51:12Our galaxy, the Milky Way,

00:51:14is just a spot

00:51:16in this huge Super-Amma.

00:51:18According to the Big Bang theory,

00:51:20not the sitcom, but the real theory,

00:51:22the universe is developed

00:51:24in all directions.

00:51:26But the mysterious Grand Attractor

00:51:28slows things down.

00:51:30How exactly?

00:51:32Researchers have not yet found

00:51:34the answer to this question.

00:51:36The good thing is that they know

00:51:38how to name these phenomena.

00:51:40The end of the universe would be called

00:51:42the Big Crunch, assuming there is

00:51:44still someone to call it that.

00:51:46Your journey also ends

00:51:48at the edge of the universe.

00:51:50The farthest galaxy from Earth

00:51:52is also the oldest.

00:51:54The galaxies that formed first

00:51:56after the Big Bang are the ones

00:51:58that drifted the furthest.

00:52:00They give scientists

00:52:02an image of the origins of the universe.

00:52:04In Russia, on the shores

00:52:06of the Baltic Sea,

00:52:08there is an enigmatic national park.

00:52:10The Dancent Forest is a place

00:52:12that no scientist has managed

00:52:14to explain so far.

00:52:16The pine trees are all curved

00:52:18and twisted in a loop and spiral.

00:52:20This forest has only existed

00:52:22since the early 1960s,

00:52:24when trees were planted

00:52:26to make the sand of the dunes

00:52:28in this area.

00:52:30According to one theory,

00:52:32it is the lack of stability

00:52:34of the soil that would have

00:52:36caused the deformation of the pine trees.

00:52:38Other theories put these twisted trees

00:52:40on the account of the power of the winds

00:52:42or of supernatural forces.

00:52:44According to some,

00:52:46positive and negative energies

00:52:48would converge in the forest,

00:52:50causing these strange shapes.

00:52:52A local legend says

00:52:54that by passing through the circle

00:52:56of pine trees,

00:52:58you would see a cherry tree

00:53:00growing in the Piedmont region of Italy.

00:53:02If you travel,

00:53:04you will see a cherry tree

00:53:06growing at the top of a wall.

00:53:08And the strangest thing

00:53:10is that the two trees

00:53:12are in perfect health.

00:53:14A permanent storm

00:53:16rages in the north pole of Saturn

00:53:18and its shape is very strange.

00:53:20It is hexagonal.

00:53:22This is probably due

00:53:24to the fact that Saturn

00:53:26is the center of the Earth.

00:53:28This hexagon has been observed

00:53:30for years,

00:53:32but the most mysterious

00:53:34is that it changes color.

00:53:36It was once turquoise

00:53:38and has recently turned golden.

00:53:40The reason for this change

00:53:42is that the pole is progressively

00:53:44exposed to sunlight

00:53:46as the seasons change.

00:53:48The rain is not uncommon

00:53:50in Oakville,

00:53:52but this strange rain

00:53:54occurs in an area of about

00:53:5658 square kilometers.

00:53:58Those who approached it

00:54:00later felt symptoms

00:54:02similar to those of the flu.

00:54:04What were these lumps?

00:54:06Scientists claimed

00:54:08that they contained

00:54:10human white blood cells.

00:54:12Further tests, however,

00:54:14denied the presence

00:54:16of cores characteristic

00:54:18of lococytes.

00:54:20The white blood cells

00:54:22are found in the

00:54:24Death Valley National Park

00:54:26in California,

00:54:28leaving long traces

00:54:30in the earth and sand

00:54:32on their way.

00:54:34Several accelerated

00:54:36sequences were carried out

00:54:38to test the strange phenomenon.

00:54:40Scientists even installed

00:54:42GPS navigators on certain

00:54:44stones to show

00:54:46their considerable speed.

00:54:48But maybe someone

00:54:50just listens to the Rolling Stones

00:54:52in the corner.

00:54:54No, probably not.

00:54:56The crater of Batagaika

00:54:58in Siberia looks like

00:55:00the entrance to hell.

00:55:02It is about 1 km long

00:55:04and more than 86 m deep.

00:55:06But it keeps growing.

00:55:08The deeper it gets,

00:55:10the more layers it reveals.

00:55:12These strata reveal

00:55:14what our planet

00:55:16used to look like.

00:55:18The crater appeared

00:55:20in the 1960s

00:55:22during a quick deforestation.

00:55:24Trees no longer cast

00:55:26shadows on the ground

00:55:28and the heat increased.

00:55:30The melt of the permafrost

00:55:32then led to the formation

00:55:34of the crater.

00:55:36The collapse of Taos

00:55:38in New Mexico

00:55:40has driven the inhabitants

00:55:42of this city crazy

00:55:44Scientists have tried

00:55:46to find the source

00:55:48of the crater in wine.

00:55:50Several craters have been

00:55:52heard in the United Kingdom,

00:55:54Australia, Canada

00:55:56and other regions of the United States.

00:55:58Fortunately, only 2%

00:56:00of the world's population

00:56:02is able to hear them.

00:56:04Their cause is attributed

00:56:06to mechanical devices,

00:56:08various disturbances

00:56:10in the auditory system

00:56:12and a mysterious circular

00:56:14formation of mushrooms

00:56:16that appears in prairies

00:56:18and forest areas.

00:56:20The reasons why these mushrooms

00:56:22align in this way

00:56:24are the subject of many debates.

00:56:26According to some superstitions,

00:56:28dancing fairies would burn the ground,

00:56:30which would cause a rapid

00:56:32mushroom growth.

00:56:34In Costa Rica,

00:56:36a set of about 300 megalithic spheres

00:56:38is discovered.

00:56:40These spheres are called

00:56:42mecongs,

00:56:44which simply means

00:56:46balls in French.

00:56:48These stones are almost

00:56:50perfectly round.

00:56:52Some of them are huge,

00:56:54weighing up to 16 tons.

00:56:56In addition, they are made

00:56:58of different materials,

00:57:00such as gabbro, limestone

00:57:02and chalk.

00:57:04They were once placed

00:57:06right in front of the chiefs' house,

00:57:08allowing light balls

00:57:10to emerge from the water

00:57:12and rise in the air.

00:57:14The inhabitants of the region

00:57:16call these light balls

00:57:18fireballs.

00:57:20The size of the fireballs

00:57:22varies.

00:57:24These reddish balls

00:57:26can be as small as a spark

00:57:28and as big as a basketball.

00:57:30There can be dozens

00:57:32or even thousands of balls

00:57:34every night.

00:57:36Some people think they are

00:57:38caused by a giant snake

00:57:40living in the river.

00:57:42In Minnesota,

00:57:44on the northern shore

00:57:46of Superior Lake,

00:57:48there is a park

00:57:50known to house

00:57:52the Devil's Kettle.

00:57:54It's a waterfall

00:57:56that splits in two.

00:57:58A part of the river

00:58:00continues,

00:58:02while the other part

00:58:04is considered dangerous

00:58:06because it's almost impossible

00:58:08to cross it.

00:58:10The kettles

00:58:12are fish known

00:58:14for their strange mating rituals.

00:58:16Females come out of the water

00:58:18and climb the shore.

00:58:20They sink their tails

00:58:22into the sand to lay eggs.

00:58:24After fertilization,

00:58:26the eggs remain hidden

00:58:28in the sand.

00:58:30The high tide

00:58:32makes it impossible

00:58:34to cross the river.

00:58:36In the middle of Norway,

00:58:38above the Estalen Valley,

00:58:40white, yellow and red lights

00:58:42can be seen floating

00:58:44across the sky.

00:58:46These lights appear

00:58:48day and night.

00:58:50In the 1980s,

00:58:52they were seen 15 to 20 times

00:58:54in a single week.

00:58:56Estalen lights can last

00:58:58a few seconds

00:59:00before being ionized.

00:59:02Others say it's due

00:59:04to sodium, oxygen

00:59:06and hydrogen combustion.

00:59:08But most people think

00:59:10it's just a plane.

00:59:12Yellowstone Park has a famous

00:59:14boiling lake,

00:59:16but it's not the only place

00:59:18where the water is naturally boiling.

00:59:20Deep in the Amazon,

00:59:22there's the Timpishka River.

00:59:24It's 6.5 km long

00:59:26and hot all the time.

00:59:28It's not really boiling,

00:59:30but it can reach

00:59:3291°C,

00:59:34enough to cook pasta.

00:59:36The lowest temperature

00:59:38is about 45°C.

00:59:40This phenomenon is inexplicable

00:59:42because the river

00:59:44must be close to a volcano

00:59:46for the water to reach such a temperature.

00:59:48The closest volcano

00:59:50is 640 km away.

00:59:52Another possibility is

00:59:54an underground fault.

00:59:56In Venezuela, people living

00:59:58near the Catatumbo river

01:00:00are not afraid of lightning

01:00:02because they see it almost every night.

01:00:04It starts at 7 p.m.

01:00:06and doesn't stop until dawn.

01:00:08The Catatumbo's eternal lightning

01:00:10stopped once in a few months,

01:00:12from January to March 2010.

01:00:14It was probably due to drought

01:00:16or maybe there was no electricity.

01:00:18In 1991,

01:00:20a scientist suggested

01:00:22that the phenomenon occurred

01:00:24because it was cold and hot in the region.

01:00:26According to another theory,

01:00:28lightning could be due to the presence

01:00:30of uranium in the rock substrate.

01:00:32Speaking of lightning,

01:00:34I have to go, bye!

01:00:36In December 2014,

01:00:38an entire district of Budapest

01:00:40was covered in ice crystals.

01:00:42The trees in the area

01:00:44couldn't stand such pressure

01:00:46and began to bend under their weight.

01:00:48It was a frightening phenomenon

01:00:50called the ice fog.

01:00:52The ice fell considerably,

01:00:54freezing everything around,

01:00:56a bit like the detractors

01:00:58in the Harry Potter saga.

01:01:00And all this thanks to

01:01:02a cross temperature chassis.

01:01:04It not only affects urban furniture

01:01:06but also creates phantomatic pillars

01:01:08and halos that shine in the dark.

01:01:10The ice fog is composed

01:01:12of tiny ice crystals.

01:01:14When the temperature drops

01:01:16below minus 10 degrees Celsius,

01:01:18the droplets of water in the air

01:01:20freeze.

01:01:22The ice fog is generally

01:01:24formed in the coldest regions

01:01:26of the world,

01:01:28such as the Arctic or the Antarctic.

01:01:30Budapest was the least expected.

01:01:32The hot and humid gases emitted

01:01:34by vehicles and planes

01:01:36can also create frosty fog.

01:01:38A plane takes off on a cold day

01:01:40and bam! It releases so much

01:01:42frosty fog that the next plane

01:01:44can't see anything.

01:01:46This happens sometimes.

01:01:48When spare crystals fall from a clear sky,

01:01:50they form when there is

01:01:52a lot of humidity, almost 100%,

01:01:54and when the air temperature

01:01:56drops well below 0 degrees.

01:01:58This creates suspended ice crystals

01:02:00in the air, which end up

01:02:02on different surfaces.

01:02:04The first pioneers of the North

01:02:06thought that these crystals could

01:02:08penetrate their lungs and cause them

01:02:10a lot of problems.

01:02:12There are many other fascinating

01:02:14ice formations, such as the frost flower.

01:02:16The ice is so cold that the ground

01:02:18has not yet completely frozen.

01:02:20The sieve inside the plant stems

01:02:22expands when it freezes,

01:02:24which makes them burst.

01:02:26Once this happens, the liquid

01:02:28flows, meets the frozen air

01:02:30and turns into a thin layer of ice,

01:02:32creating beautiful formations

01:02:34in the form of petals or ribbons.

01:02:36The lights of earthquakes

01:02:38are another strange and unique phenomenon.

01:02:40When a powerful earthquake

01:02:42of magnitude 8.1 hit Mexico

01:02:44in 2017, strange images

01:02:46of green and blue light

01:02:48in the sky began to spread

01:02:50on the Internet.

01:02:52These famous Mexican seismic lights

01:02:54only added to the mystery.

01:02:56Just like the lightning bolt,

01:02:58the lights of earthquakes are quite rare

01:03:00and just as prodigious as difficult

01:03:02to apprehend for scientists.

01:03:04What complicates things

01:03:06is that the observations of lights

01:03:08around earthquakes do not all seem

01:03:10consistent. There are many

01:03:12myths and theories about this phenomenon.

01:03:14Lights can decline in many

01:03:16shades and colors and

01:03:18many forms. In studying our past,

01:03:20historians have isolated

01:03:2265 stories mentioning such

01:03:24apparitions, some of which date

01:03:26back to the 17th century.

01:03:28On November 12,

01:03:301988 for example,

01:03:32people reported that a bright purple sphere

01:03:34floated along the St. Lawrence River

01:03:36in Quebec, only 11 days

01:03:38before a powerful earthquake.

01:03:40In Pisco, Peru, the phenomenon

01:03:42took the form of luminous lightning

01:03:44captured by security cameras in 2007,

01:03:46shortly before an earthquake

01:03:48of magnitude 8. And in 2009,

01:03:50before another earthquake

01:03:52in Italy, in L'Aquila,

01:03:54people have observed flames

01:03:56about 10 cm high, dancing

01:03:58above paved streets. However,

01:04:00debates persist about the reality

01:04:02of these seismic lights.

01:04:04The Institute of Geological Studies

01:04:06of the United States is cautious

01:04:08that these individual testimonies

01:04:10around the time and place of an earthquake

01:04:12really reflected the phenomenon

01:04:14in question.

01:04:18During a study, scientists

01:04:20hypothesized that these lights

01:04:22could be caused by electric charges

01:04:24released by specific types of rocks

01:04:26during a seismic activity,

01:04:28a bit like if we activated

01:04:30a battery in the Earth's crust.

01:04:32Some rocks, such as basalt and gabbro,

01:04:34have tiny crystalline defects.

01:04:36They could potentially release

01:04:38these electric charges.

01:04:40Researchers estimated that the conditions

01:04:42necessary for the appearance of such lights

01:04:44were only found in less than 0.5%

01:04:46of earthquakes in the world.

01:04:48This could explain their rarity.

01:04:50They also noted that the lights

01:04:52tended to appear more often before

01:04:54or during earthquakes than after.

01:04:56A previous study suggested

01:04:58that tectonic pressure could

01:05:00cause a piezoelectric effect,

01:05:02where rocks containing quartz

01:05:04generate powerful electric fields

01:05:06when they are compressed.

01:05:08However, the study of seismic lights

01:05:10remains difficult because they are

01:05:12unpredictable and short-lived.

01:05:16It is time to talk about these mysterious

01:05:18halos that suddenly appear around

01:05:20the Moon or the Sun.

01:05:22You are walking with a friend and suddenly

01:05:24you notice it. It is a warning

01:05:26from Mother Nature. A snowstorm

01:05:28or rain is preparing.

01:05:30These halos are formed when

01:05:32a small crystal of ice in the clouds

01:05:34refracts the light of the Sun.

01:05:36Resist the temptation

01:05:38to admire this prodigy with the naked eye.

01:05:40It can damage your eyes.

01:05:42Take sunglasses and observe it

01:05:44for about forty minutes at most.

01:05:46Nature sends us

01:05:48many other early warnings.

01:05:50If the sea mysteriously withdraws,

01:05:52revealing corals and fish,

01:05:54a tsunami could be approaching.

01:05:56Also pay attention to the current

01:05:58of tornadoes on the beach.

01:06:00Sharks could venture further

01:06:02than usual if there is a storm.

01:06:04You feel your hair stand up

01:06:06and your jewels vibrate.

01:06:08It is lightning that could fall nearby.

01:06:10Quickly seek shelter.

01:06:12Avalanches, green storms and lakes

01:06:14near volcanoes all present potential dangers.

01:06:16The cross-sea is just as dangerous.

01:06:18And practicing speleology

01:06:20during a full Moon could cost you your life.

01:06:22If the ocean turns red,

01:06:24avoid swimming there.

01:06:26There could be toxic algae in the water.

01:06:28Tornadoes also detect disasters.

01:06:30If they behave strangely,

01:06:32be careful.

01:06:36A fascinating bluish glow

01:06:38appears around the Matsu Islands

01:06:40during summer nights.

01:06:42It is caused by tiny luminous creatures,

01:06:44dinoflagellates.

01:06:46Tourists love to observe this spectacle.

01:06:48But there is a drawback.

01:06:50It is toxic and increases in size every year,

01:06:52as revealed by a study.

01:06:54Despite its enchanting appearance,

01:06:56a team of oceanographers

01:06:58used satellite data

01:07:00to follow its progress over 19 years.

01:07:02After analyzing thousands of images,

01:07:04they concluded that it extended

01:07:06to deeper waters.

01:07:08Unfortunately, this expansion

01:07:10poses a threat to marine life.

01:07:12Matsu's blue tears can poison

01:07:14fish and sea turtles

01:07:16and even affect human health.

01:07:18Although dinoflagellates are not harmful,

01:07:20their toxic algae-composed diet

01:07:22releases toxic chemical compounds in the water.

01:07:24They pollute oxygen

01:07:26and endanger marine fauna.

01:07:28The main cause is uncertain,

01:07:30but the pollution from agriculture

01:07:32along the Yangtze River

01:07:34seems to play a crucial role.

01:07:36Agricultural rustle

01:07:38introduces nutrients

01:07:40that feed this flora.

01:07:42During the construction of the Three Gorges Dam,

01:07:44the size of the phenomenon decreased

01:07:46when the flow of the river reduced.

01:07:48Then, after the completion of the dam

01:07:50and the return of a powerful current,

01:07:52blue tears will continue to extend,

01:07:54posing a constant threat to marine life

01:07:56and producing more and more luminous waters.

01:08:02A catabatic wind occurs

01:08:04when cold and dense air

01:08:06descends along a mountain slope

01:08:08due to gravity.

01:08:10These winds can be powerful,

01:08:12sometimes reaching the speed of a hurricane.

01:08:14But this is rare.

01:08:16Unlike other descending winds,

01:08:18catabatic winds such as the Adriatic storm

01:08:20in California

01:08:22come from the air that cools

01:08:24in the high reliefs

01:08:26such as plateaus or mountains.

01:08:28As the air descends,

01:08:30it warms up

01:08:32and its temperature depends

01:08:34on its source region.

01:08:36In Antarctica, catabatic winds

01:08:38play a crucial role

01:08:40in the formation of wind fields.

01:08:42And in this region,

01:08:44as in Greenland,

01:08:46they can be particularly intense

01:08:48and are associated

01:08:50with the dreaded Willy Woes

01:08:52sweeping the archipelago

01:08:54of the land of fire and Alaska.

01:08:58The St Helm's fire is a natural phenomenon

01:09:00that deserves to be mentioned.

01:09:02It occurs during storms

01:09:04or volcanic eruptions

01:09:06when a powerful electric field

01:09:08reigns around the area.

01:09:10It produces a purple or bluish glow

01:09:12around the masts of ships,

01:09:14aircraft stops or pointed objects.

01:09:16It is an ionized air molecule

01:09:18and is the most visible

01:09:20in low-light conditions.

01:09:22It is a form of plasma

01:09:24that manifests itself

01:09:26when the electric field

01:09:28around an object

01:09:30causes the ionization

01:09:32of the air molecules.

01:09:34This can occur during storms

01:09:36because there are strong

01:09:38tensions between the clouds

01:09:40and the ground.

01:09:42The glowing objects facilitate

01:09:44the flux of nitrogen and oxygen

01:09:46in the Earth's atmosphere.

01:09:48It's similar to how our neon

01:09:50lamps work but with

01:09:52different gases.

01:09:54And from ancient Greece to 15th

01:09:56century China, this phenomenon

01:09:58has been observed throughout history.

01:10:02The Uyuni salt flat

01:10:04gives the impression of being

01:10:06above a large mirror

01:10:08but it is actually an extension

01:10:10of salt of more than 10,000 m².

01:10:12located in Bolivia, the highest country in South America.

01:10:16This natural mirror is a vestige of prehistoric lakes

01:10:19that evaporated a long time ago.

01:10:21Although it looks flat, GPS technology

01:10:24has proven that a part of the landscape has small cracks

01:10:27that are all less than 2.5 cm.

01:10:30The place is so muddy

01:10:32that it contains about 10 billion tons of salt.

01:10:35If you pull it at the right time,

01:10:37some of the neighboring lakes overflow with a small layer of water

01:10:40that acts like the mirror of the sky.

01:10:42Many inhabitants extract salt and lithium from it.

01:10:45Don't forget to stop by the world's first salt hotel

01:10:48during your visit.

01:10:50You can find a real rainbow mountain in Peru.

01:10:53Scientists still can't explain it.

01:10:56The colored peak is difficult to reach,

01:10:58but seeing the colors blue, red, green, yellow and pink in nature

01:11:02is something impossible to forget.

01:11:05The three-bridge gulf of Lebanon

01:11:07has three natural bridges that anyone can cross,

01:11:10take great pictures and even go on picnics.

01:11:13The waterfall is the result of the erosion of limestone

01:11:16that has lasted for millions of years,

01:11:18even if it looks like someone made a hole in the middle.

01:11:21It is located in the village of Tanurin,

01:11:23just two hours from the capital, Beirut.

01:11:26The Dead Sea has a high concentration of salt and minerals

01:11:30compared to other seas,

01:11:32even if it is technically a lake.

01:11:34It is almost impossible to swim there,

01:11:36but people go there for the natural chemical compounds they find there.

01:11:39Floating on the surface is an excellent way to relax.

01:11:43This ancient water stretch was named

01:11:45because no macroscopic organism can live there,

01:11:48as it is 9.6 times saltier than the oceans.

01:11:52Only a few bacteria and mushrooms,

01:11:54while appreciating the salt, can be found there.

01:11:57It is also the lowest point on Earth,

01:11:59at 420 meters below sea level.

01:12:02In Saudi Arabia,

01:12:03a perfectly cut rock is found in the middle,

01:12:05with two parallel pieces.

01:12:07What makes Al Naslah so unique

01:12:09is that it was not made artificially,

01:12:12but as a result of the work of nature over the years.

01:12:15This glacier may give the impression

01:12:17that someone threw tons of red paint in the middle of the Antarctic,

01:12:20but it is actually its natural color.

01:12:23The blood waterfalls are the result of extremely salty water

01:12:26mixed with iron oxide,

01:12:28which gives this strange atmosphere in the middle of nowhere.

01:12:32In Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam,

01:12:34you can enjoy your coffee a few meters away

01:12:36from a... walking train.

01:12:38The inhabitants of this neighborhood

01:12:40must make sure that no one is on the rails

01:12:42when the train passes twice a day.

01:12:44On days of great influx,

01:12:46you have to stick to a wall behind you

01:12:48or go into the many cafes around.

01:12:50Ice bubbles are a common thing

01:12:52in Lake Abraham in Canada.

01:12:55They look like a gelatinous substance,

01:12:57but it is only methane produced by bacteria

01:13:00when they eat organisms that are deep in the ground.

01:13:03During this process, methane bubbles are released,

01:13:06but as the temperatures are lower at the freezing point,

01:13:09these bubbles freeze on the spot.

01:13:11Australia has a unique horizontal waterfall

01:13:14on the coast of the Kimberley region.

01:13:17Every time the flow goes up or down,

01:13:19the water swells and quickly accumulates

01:13:21between two narrow gorges, like a goulet.

01:13:24In this area, the tides have a variation of 9 meters.

01:13:27The falls are reversed at each change in tide.

01:13:30There is also the largest rock in the world.

01:13:32It is so big that it looks like a large hill.

01:13:35It has a circumference of 10 kilometers

01:13:37and is 351 meters high.

01:13:39The edges are eroded,

01:13:41because the rock has always been there.

01:13:43The Antelope Canyon in Arizona,

01:13:45also known as

01:13:47the place where water flows through the rock,

01:13:49has two sections of melted canyons.

01:13:51Over the years,

01:13:53the water that flows through the gorge

01:13:55has created a picturesque formation

01:13:57unique in its kind.

01:13:59In the Philippines, you can swim

01:14:01in one of the most crystalline waters

01:14:03and discover an underwater world

01:14:05in the province of Palawan.

01:14:07The municipality of Coron

01:14:09has beaches of white sand

01:14:11and many small boats

01:14:13that sail through spectacular landscapes.

01:14:15Tristan de Cunha is a small volcanic archipelago

01:14:17in the Atlantic,

01:14:19of which the only neighboring cities

01:14:21are Buenos Aires in Argentina

01:14:23It takes two days by boat

01:14:25to get to this incomparable place.

01:14:27If you want to escape from the rest of the world

01:14:29by staying with the 280 inhabitants,

01:14:31you will feel like you are far from everything.

01:14:33An island even more isolated

01:14:35than Tristan de Cunha

01:14:37is the island of Pitcairn.

01:14:39Situated at 2,200 kilometers off Tahiti,

01:14:41this place is a mixture of British,

01:14:43Polynesian and other Pacific islands

01:14:45that live in autarky

01:14:47thanks to the volcanic soil

01:14:49used for the cultures.

01:14:51This small island

01:14:53is considered the second largest

01:14:55protected marine area.

01:14:57If you plan to visit it,

01:14:59prepare for a long sea trip

01:15:01on a 12-passenger refueling boat.

01:15:03This abandoned and magical railway tunnel

01:15:05in Ukraine

01:15:07is one of the most romantic places

01:15:09you can visit.

01:15:11Walking through the leaves

01:15:13and the luxurious green plants,

01:15:15you will feel like you are in a real fairy tale.

01:15:17The Plitvice Lakes National Park

01:15:19is a major tourist attraction

01:15:21and a World Heritage Site

01:15:23with many animals and unique plants.

01:15:25It looks like a magical movie set

01:15:27with infinite waterfalls

01:15:29flowing everywhere

01:15:31and transparent lakes all around.

01:15:33The Baikal Lake in Siberia

01:15:35is the oldest lake in the world

01:15:37and contains 20% of the fresh water

01:15:39not frozen on Earth.

01:15:41It is also the deepest lake in the world

01:15:43with a maximum depth of 1,646 meters.

01:15:45Due to its age and isolation,

01:15:47it is one of the most diversified places

01:15:49for organisms.

01:15:51More than 1,300 species of animals

01:15:53and 570 plants live there.

01:15:55An underground crystal cave

01:15:57exists in Mexico

01:15:59and it looks like an interstellar world.

01:16:01It is located at about 300 meters

01:16:03below the surface,

01:16:05each point measuring up to 10 meters long

01:16:07and weighing up to 55 tons.

01:16:09These are some of the largest crystals in the world.

01:16:11The red sand is what makes

01:16:13this beach unique

01:16:15due to its location in Tianjin, China.

01:16:17A red plant called

01:16:19Swaida Salsa lives in the salt water.

01:16:21The whole beach is covered in red

01:16:23with only the upper layer of the visible sea.

01:16:25In China,

01:16:27there are also the Tianzi Mountains

01:16:29which inspired a famous Hollywood movie.

01:16:31These unique mountains

01:16:33extend over 50 square kilometers

01:16:35in the Wulinggan region.

01:16:37Millions of years of rock erosion

01:16:39have formed this amazing beauty.

01:16:41Under the California sun

01:16:43is the Sequoia National Park

01:16:45which houses the giant forest.

01:16:47It has existed for thousands of years.

01:16:49More than 8,000 of these colossal trees

01:16:51reign on the territory

01:16:53of the world's largest living plants.

01:16:55The Sequoia,

01:16:57General Sherman,

01:16:59whose age is estimated at 2,700 years,

01:17:01is the tree with the largest trunk

01:17:03in the world.

01:17:05The island of cats in Japan

01:17:07has a population of less than 10 people

01:17:09and more than 120 cats.

01:17:11If you decide to visit this place,

01:17:13make sure to bring someone who loves cats.

01:17:15Yemen houses

01:17:17the oldest skyscrapers in the world

01:17:19and the oldest metropolis.

01:17:21The ancient city of Shibam

01:17:23is considered the Manhattan of the desert

01:17:25because of all the earthen buildings

01:17:27that emerge from the arid soil.

01:17:29They were used as stages in caravans

01:17:31during Antiquity.

01:17:33These earthen brick buildings

01:17:35make up seven floors

01:17:37and were built from fertile soil,

01:17:39which had to be cooked in the sun for days.

01:17:41The ground floors were used

01:17:43to store cattle and cereals,

01:17:45while the upper floors

01:17:47were places to meet

01:17:49and enjoy the beautiful view.

01:17:51The chemical composition

01:17:53of the ancient hot springs

01:17:55of Pamukkale in Turkey

01:17:57gives the water that spills

01:17:59on the edges a magical aspect.

01:18:01They are not only good

01:18:03for purifying your body

01:18:05but also your mind.

01:18:07Sokotra is an island

01:18:09similar to an alien

01:18:11located off the coast of Yemen

01:18:13in the Indian Ocean

01:18:15where one can find

01:18:17one of the most unique trees

01:18:19ever seen.

01:18:21It is the dragonfly

01:18:23that can only be found

01:18:25on this amazing island.

01:18:27In 2008, it was classified

01:18:29as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

01:18:31The black waterfall in Iceland

01:18:33owes its name to the dark lava

01:18:35that surrounds it.

01:18:37The base of the waterfall

01:18:39is made up of carved rocks.

01:18:41The whole structure

01:18:43was inspired by Icelandic architecture

01:18:45that can be found

01:18:47in some of its famous buildings.

01:18:49You are hiking

01:18:51in the wild

01:18:53looking for a safe place

01:18:55to set up your camp.

01:18:57You only hear the leaves

01:18:59and branches cracking

01:19:01under your feet.

01:19:03There is something strange in the distance.

01:19:05Between the trees,

01:19:07it looks like a concrete structure.

01:19:09Weird.

01:19:11At this moment,

01:19:13you are already 30 kilometers

01:19:15deep in the woods

01:19:17and there is no city

01:19:19or village nearby.

01:19:21At least, as far as you know.

01:19:23You decide to go out

01:19:25with your friends

01:19:27to take a closer look.

01:19:29But as you get closer,

01:19:31something strange happens

01:19:33literally in the middle of nowhere.

01:19:35And it doesn't seem to lead to anything.

01:19:37You put on your Sherlock Holmes cap

01:19:39and you start the investigation.

01:19:41Let's see.

01:19:43Maybe there was an old house

01:19:45or a manor here

01:19:47that collapsed over the years

01:19:49and the only thing left is this staircase.

01:19:51But strangely,

01:19:53after going around this strange structure,

01:19:55you realize that there is

01:19:57no trace of ruins

01:19:59as if someone had cut a staircase

01:20:01from his house, like in a cake,

01:20:03and had put it here

01:20:05for no reason.

01:20:07OK.

01:20:09Your friends and you didn't really want to get closer.

01:20:11There is something wrong.

01:20:13The more you look at this structure,

01:20:15the more you think you feel

01:20:17a scary presence.

01:20:19Something tells you that you should probably

01:20:21leave the area as soon as possible.

01:20:23As weird as it may seem,

01:20:25these discoveries of incongruous stairs

01:20:27hanging alone in the woods

01:20:29are surprisingly common.

01:20:31Some are made of wood,

01:20:33others of brick or stone.

01:20:35Some look old,

01:20:37while others seem to have been finished the day before.

01:20:39The only thing they all have in common

01:20:41is that they lead

01:20:43absolutely nowhere

01:20:45and that they are all in very mysterious places.

01:20:47One of the most famous

01:20:49is in Chesterfield,

01:20:51in New Hampshire.

01:20:53A medieval-looking long staircase

01:20:55with Roman vaults

01:20:57in the middle of the woods.

01:20:59We think it was part of the castle of

01:21:01Madame Antoinette Chéry,

01:21:03a Parisian singer of the crazy years.

01:21:05This castle would be almost a century old

01:21:07and it was rediscovered in 1962.

01:21:09This time again,

01:21:11there was nothing but a staircase.

01:21:13Another old mysterious staircase

01:21:15would date from 9,000 years ago.

01:21:17It is in a forest in Italy.

01:21:19It looks like a step

01:21:21that leads to a tiny platform

01:21:23at the top.

01:21:25Why would they build it

01:21:27if it leads nowhere?

01:21:29Well, some experts think

01:21:31it could be a kind of tower

01:21:33with a ritual function,

01:21:35but that's just a guess.

01:21:37There is a geoid anomaly

01:21:39in the Indian Ocean,

01:21:41simply known as

01:21:43the Indian Ocean Depression.

01:21:45It produces the largest

01:21:47deforming natural gravitational force

01:21:49in the world.

01:21:51The depth of the ocean

01:21:53and the present magma reservoirs

01:21:55disturb the magnetic field

01:21:57of this area.

01:21:59Earth's gravity changes

01:22:01in different parts of the planet.

01:22:03This allows researchers

01:22:05to study certain models

01:22:07and understand what happens

01:22:09under the surface.

01:22:11Higher gravity fields

01:22:13generally mean that

01:22:15the materials are denser

01:22:17below and vice versa.

01:22:19The island of Niaou

01:22:21seems to be

01:22:23enjoying modern development.

01:22:25There are no cars

01:22:27because the inhabitants

01:22:29travel on foot or by bike.

01:22:31No wonder they look healthy.

01:22:33They live without water,

01:22:35internet and shops.

01:22:37The only school on the island

01:22:39is powered by solar energy

01:22:41with a power generator.

01:22:43And what's great is that

01:22:45it's the only school in the state

01:22:47A resident of the island

01:22:49explains some basic rules

01:22:51that permanent residents must follow.

01:22:53If they break them,

01:22:55they can be expelled.

01:22:57Now, not far from Bangkok,

01:22:59in the northeast of Thailand,

01:23:01there is a rock formation

01:23:0375 million years old.

01:23:05These rocks look like

01:23:07three swimming whales.

01:23:09This magnificent pattern,

01:23:11created by nature,

01:23:13is now known as

01:23:15the Great Plateau.

01:23:17Millions of years ago,

01:23:19this region was just a desert,

01:23:21but the earth was changing.

01:23:23Little by little,

01:23:25the plateau was separated

01:23:27by the movement of tectonic plates

01:23:29and erosion.

01:23:31This is how these spectacular formations

01:23:33were created.

01:23:35If you decide to explore

01:23:37the path around the three whales,

01:23:39you will find waterfalls,

01:23:41a fauna and abundant flora.

01:23:43Since 2014,

01:23:45they seem to be constantly evolving.

01:23:47Falls tend to widen,

01:23:49so that people spot them

01:23:51more and more often.

01:23:53Of course, theories about

01:23:55how they appeared are not lacking.

01:23:57Hypotheses range from

01:23:59the impact of meteorites

01:24:01to the activity of ancient civilizations.

01:24:03But the most common explanation

01:24:05is that it is methane

01:24:07that reacted to water molecules

01:24:09after the planet's permafrost

01:24:11melted through the ice.

01:24:13These craters could be

01:24:15thousands of years old,

01:24:17but no one knows for sure.

01:24:19You find yourself in New Mexico,

01:24:21in the small town of Taos.

01:24:232% of the population

01:24:25hear a strange buzzing

01:24:27in the air every day.

01:24:29Some believe that this sound

01:24:31is linked to the technologies

01:24:33used by the messengers

01:24:35from other galaxies.

01:24:37There is also a legend

01:24:39that Taos is cursed.

01:24:41A bad spirit

01:24:43or some ghosts

01:24:45would punish people

01:24:47for a mistake made

01:24:49by their ancestors in the past.

01:24:51Scientists still cannot explain

01:24:53the nature of this sound.

01:24:55Another theory suggests

01:24:57that it is caused by

01:24:59the unusual acoustics of the place,

01:25:01while others believe

01:25:03that this buzzing

01:25:05is just a collective hallucination.

01:25:07This is the conclusion

01:25:09of a sound that does not really exist.

01:25:11This sound is not the same

01:25:13for everyone.

01:25:15For some, it is a serious vibration.

01:25:17For others, it is rather a buzzing.

01:25:19But it is not the only place

01:25:21where you can hear

01:25:23these strange noises.

01:25:25It is called the hum,

01:25:27and people from all over the world

01:25:29claim to have heard it.

01:25:31Some inhabitants of a small

01:25:33village in Scotland

01:25:35have heard it.

01:25:37We do not know exactly

01:25:39when this phenomenon appeared,

01:25:41but the first time the press

01:25:43began to talk about it

01:25:45was in the 1970s in England.

01:25:47In addition, there are written traces

01:25:49of a mysterious buzzing

01:25:51dating from nearly 200 years.

01:25:53According to some estimates,

01:25:55only about 2% of people

01:25:57on the planet can hear

01:25:59this famous hum.

01:26:01Maybe their ears

01:26:03A volcano in Indonesia

01:26:05spits out blue-hot lava

01:26:07and produces blue and

01:26:09electric purple flames.

01:26:11This phenomenon occurs because

01:26:13this volcano has sulfur levels

01:26:15among the highest in the world.

01:26:17It also has a rather characteristic

01:26:19nauseating smell.

01:26:21But I'm wrong.

01:26:23When sulfur gases interact

01:26:25with hot and burning air,

01:26:27they are ignited by the lava

01:26:29and become blue.

01:26:31Yes, this place is a real

01:26:33plague.

01:26:35It is not for nothing that

01:26:37rivers and underwater lakes

01:26:39are called saltwater basins.

01:26:41High salinity makes the water

01:26:43that is there denser than

01:26:45the surrounding sea water.

01:26:47That's why they sink to the bottom,

01:26:49forming rivers and lakes.

01:26:51These even have their own waves

01:26:53and these waves can sometimes

01:26:55hit the shores.

01:26:57If you went down in a submarine,

01:26:59but without a submarine,

01:27:01swimming in such an environment

01:27:03would be too risky.

01:27:05It contains too much methane

01:27:07and toxic hydrogen sulfide.

01:27:09Yes, I would have a good time too,

01:27:11but have fun.

01:27:13The Crystal Cave in Mexico

01:27:15houses one of the most unique

01:27:17crystalline formations in the world.

01:27:19Thanks to the extremely rare conditions

01:27:21that reign in the cave,

01:27:23the crystals reach phenomenal sizes.

01:27:25The air is incredibly humid

01:27:27and contains tons of minerals

01:27:29that stimulate the growth

01:27:31of these giant milky whites.

01:27:33Some of them are longer

01:27:35than telephone poles.

01:27:37Cylindrical snowballs occur

01:27:39when a gust of wind

01:27:41starts to roll snow

01:27:43on a snowy slope,

01:27:45a bit like making a snowball.

01:27:47But if it were a ball,

01:27:49it would end up becoming

01:27:51too heavy for the wind

01:27:53to move it.

01:27:55The snow is carried by the wind

01:27:57as the snowball is formed.

01:27:59It makes the object lighter

01:28:01than a snowball.

01:28:03That's also why it rolls farther.

01:28:05Unfortunately, snowballs are rare

01:28:07because they need very precise conditions

01:28:09to appear.

01:28:11The Danakil Depression in Ethiopia

01:28:13is probably one of the weirdest

01:28:15places you'll ever see.

01:28:17It is made up of hot springs

01:28:19of neon colors, lava pools

01:28:21and vast expanses of salt.

01:28:23Be very careful there.

01:28:25Toxic gases swirl

01:28:27over hydrothermal phenomena

01:28:29and many pools are extremely acidic.

01:28:31So don't go swimming there.

01:28:33Wait at least 30 minutes

01:28:35after lunch.

01:28:37No, I'm kidding.

01:28:39And finally, there's nothing mysterious

01:28:41about these 28,000 rubber ducks

01:28:43found in the seas in 1992.

01:28:45A boat carrying toys for the bath

01:28:47lost its cargo in the ocean

01:28:49as it traveled from Hong Kong

01:28:51to the United States.

01:28:53Some of these ducks still float there

01:28:55several decades later.

01:28:57They have been spotted in South America,

01:28:59Alaska, Hawaii and even in Australia.

01:29:01And they still make the bath time

01:29:03as fun as ever.

01:29:05Hey, little ducks!

01:29:07The structure of Richat

01:29:09is a gigantic formation

01:29:11in the middle of the Sahara

01:29:13that looks like a large arrowhead.

01:29:15It is so large

01:29:17that you can see it from space.

01:29:19The CIA was interested in it.

01:29:21In 1965, they planned

01:29:23to fly over it

01:29:25in search of geomagnetic anomalies.

01:29:27The results

01:29:29are still classified today.

01:29:31Maybe the rumors are true

01:29:33and that this place is really

01:29:35the lost city of Atlantis.

01:29:37It is assumed that Atlantis would have

01:29:39sunk under the waves.

01:29:41But recent discoveries guide us

01:29:43in a different direction.

01:29:45It's an old story that goes back

01:29:47and Plato was the first to mention it.

01:29:49The place had a luxurious vegetation

01:29:51and a singular structure.

01:29:53Three concentric circles of earth

01:29:55surrounding two circles of water.

01:29:57Two key quotes from Plato's writings

01:29:59suggest that Atlantis

01:30:01may not have been an ordinary island

01:30:03in the middle of the ocean.

01:30:05In addition, Atlantis would have undergone

01:30:07a major influence from Africa and Europe.

01:30:09Which raises the question

01:30:11of the idea that it could have been in the Atlantic.

01:30:13It turns out that the eye of the Sahara

01:30:15and Atlantis look alike.

01:30:17When astronauts saw the eye of the Sahara

01:30:19from space,

01:30:21they first suspected that it was

01:30:23the impact crater of a meteorite.

01:30:25But the rings of the structure correspond

01:30:27to the arrangement described for Atlantis.

01:30:29More importantly,

01:30:31the Sahara has not always been a desert.

01:30:33It turned from a tropical region

01:30:35into an arid desert

01:30:37about 11,000 years ago.

01:30:39Researchers found traces

01:30:41of a huge river,

01:30:43especially Racette,

01:30:45which could have flooded an entire community.

01:30:47It flowed into the structure of Richa.

01:30:49Similarly to Plato's description.

01:30:51The trans-Saharan maritime route

01:30:53crossed the Sahara

01:30:5550 to 100 million years ago.

01:30:57And it is claimed that the sea

01:30:59would have destroyed Atlantis

01:31:01about 11,500 years ago.

01:31:03Probably due to a rapid rise

01:31:05in the sea level

01:31:07caused by the end of the ice age.

01:31:09NASA satellite imagery

01:31:11which agrees with this theory.

01:31:13These concentric circles

01:31:15could be the key

01:31:17to reveal the secrets

01:31:19of the evolution of our planet

01:31:21over millions of years.

01:31:23They were shaped by the erosion

01:31:25of several layers of resistant rocks

01:31:27creating a strange pattern

01:31:29made of ridges and ravines.

01:31:31The main peak stands proudly

01:31:33400 meters high.

01:31:35The central part has undergone

01:31:37a significant transformation

01:31:39into a circular dome

01:31:41with a high peak.

01:31:43Unlike the impact crater,

01:31:45the Sahara eye presents

01:31:47a striking symmetry and balance.

01:31:49Some say that this would result

01:31:51in the lifting of the rocks

01:31:53sculpted by the wind and water.

01:31:55Others think it would be

01:31:57an ancient anticlinal

01:31:59eroded until revealing

01:32:01this concentric shape.

01:32:03Then there is the theory

01:32:05of the salt dome

01:32:07which was formed 252

01:32:09to 541 million years ago.

01:32:11More or less 1 million years ago.

01:32:13Ancient artifacts

01:32:15are scattered around the outer rings

01:32:17of the structure

01:32:19near the bed of the dried up river.

01:32:21Some tools in older stone

01:32:23have also been found

01:32:25in the same area.

01:32:27And yet, even if some points

01:32:29of the Neolithic era were found,

01:32:31there are not many signs

01:32:33that people lived there at the time.

01:32:35The region seems to have been exploited

01:32:37for short-term activities

01:32:39such as hunting or tool making.

01:32:41There are other supernatural mysteries

01:32:43that haunt our world.

01:32:45One of these enigmas

01:32:47is in Norway.

01:32:49The sinister phenomenon

01:32:51of the Estalen Lights,

01:32:53also known as the Light Valley,

01:32:55leaves scientists perplexed.

01:32:57This valley is 15 km wide.

01:32:59It is quite remote.

01:33:01But a strange blue box

01:33:03is found at the top of the hill,

01:33:05equipped with cameras

01:33:07scrutinizing the valley.

01:33:09The disturbing saga began in the 80s

01:33:11when the night sky

01:33:13above Estalen

01:33:15separated from incandescent fireballs.

01:33:17A recurring spectacle

01:33:19that shocked everyone who saw it.

01:33:21It was not an ephemeral phenomenon.

01:33:23On the contrary,

01:33:25it occurred very regularly.

01:33:27Terrified,

01:33:29the inhabitants reported

01:33:31a contact with these inexplicable light phenomena,

01:33:33some of which

01:33:35would be a product near their house.

01:33:37Fear spread like a

01:33:39powder cloud.

01:33:41At its peak,

01:33:43there were about 20 appearances

01:33:45every week.

01:33:47The phenomenon made its way

01:33:49in the newspapers, magazines

01:33:51and the media around the world.

01:33:53Very quickly,

01:33:55people flocked to the valley,

01:33:57hoping to see these lights

01:33:59at the top of the hill,

01:34:01armed with sophisticated instruments

01:34:03like magnetometers, radiometers

01:34:05and many other tricks.

01:34:07What they observed was staggering.

01:34:09These lights challenged

01:34:11any explanation.

01:34:13Some moved at a calm rate,

01:34:15while others crossed the sky

01:34:17at a lightning speed of 30,000 km per hour.

01:34:19People have tried

01:34:21to explain them.

01:34:23Airplane, distant reflection,

01:34:25lightning bolt, satellite,

01:34:27planet, meteor.

01:34:29But the speed and the way

01:34:31these lights danced

01:34:33eclipsed all these theories.

01:34:35We are slowly approaching

01:34:37another mysterious place.

01:34:39It is the largest subglacial lake

01:34:41among the 675 lakes known in Antarctica.

01:34:43It could easily house

01:34:45forms of unknown life.

01:34:47This lake is located

01:34:49under the Atlantic Ocean.

01:34:51If you dive about 4 km

01:34:53under the ice,

01:34:55you will see

01:34:57that this lake is 250 km long

01:34:59and 50 km wide.

01:35:01At its widest point,

01:35:03with an average depth

01:35:05of 430 m,

01:35:07it is also the 6th largest

01:35:09lake in the world

01:35:11in terms of volume.

01:35:13It looks like an underwater city

01:35:15with high pillars

01:35:17and deep basins.

01:35:19This secret lake was discovered

01:35:21in 1993.

01:35:23It was expected to be discovered

01:35:25for more than 2000 years,

01:35:27keeping all its secrets.

01:35:29In 2012, scientists

01:35:31drilled the ice,

01:35:33taking the longest ice cube

01:35:35in history.

01:35:37They crossed the frozen pebble

01:35:39to the surface of the lake.

01:35:41The year 2013 brought

01:35:43an unexpected rebound

01:35:45when these calm waters

01:35:47emerged during the extraction

01:35:49of an ice cube,

01:35:51the pure water cube,

01:35:53in 2015.

01:35:55Some people think

01:35:57that there could be

01:35:59unknown life forms

01:36:01over there,

01:36:03because it is a reserve

01:36:05of fossil water

01:36:07that has not been touched

01:36:09for millions of years.

01:36:11It could look a lot like

01:36:13these oceans covered

01:36:15with ice that we suspect

01:36:17existed on moons

01:36:19In 1959, seismic surveys

01:36:21revealed the existence

01:36:23of an underwater lake.

01:36:25And in the 1990s,

01:36:27satellite data confirmed

01:36:29the existence of Lake Vostok.

01:36:31It is not the only one.

01:36:33In 2005, an island

01:36:35was discovered in the middle of the lake.

01:36:37Then, two smaller lakes

01:36:39joined the party.

01:36:41It is suspected that a secret network

01:36:43of underwater rivers

01:36:45could have connected these lakes.

01:36:47In Venezuela, the Catatumbo lightning

01:36:49offers a stunning light show

01:36:51to the confluence of the Catatumbo river

01:36:53and Lake Maracaibo.

01:36:55This disturbing electrical phenomenon

01:36:57occurs about 140 to 160 nights

01:36:59per year, for 10 hours per day,

01:37:01and can release

01:37:03up to 280 lightning bolts

01:37:05in one hour.

01:37:07The frequency of this lightning show

01:37:09changes with the seasons and year after year.

01:37:11It had a break

01:37:13from January to March 2010,

01:37:15which aroused the concern

01:37:17that it could disappear forever.

01:37:19At sunset,

01:37:21east winds begin to gain intensity.

01:37:23This strong wind is called

01:37:25a low-altitude nocturnal gale,

01:37:27like what can be observed

01:37:29in the Great Plains of North America.

01:37:31These winds bring humidity,

01:37:33mainly from the Caribbean

01:37:35and the lake itself.

01:37:37This humid air meets

01:37:39the high peaks of the Cordillera,

01:37:41causing a storm on the mountains.

01:37:43Thanks to the constancy of these winds,

01:37:45other storms appear

01:37:47as the night progresses.

01:37:49This pattern is repeated.

01:37:51This is why this region

01:37:53has the highest annual rate of lightning in the world.

01:37:55The next place

01:37:57that scientists are unable to explain

01:37:59is located in China.

01:38:01These are the Longyue caves.

01:38:03They have high and inclined vaults

01:38:05and robust pillars.

01:38:07The place has remained hidden for centuries.

01:38:09These caves, created by man,

01:38:11dug about 2,000 years ago,

01:38:13decided to reveal themselves

01:38:15only in the 90s.

01:38:17Local farmers drained the ponds

01:38:19and revealed 5 massive caves.

01:38:21Additional excavations

01:38:23exposed 19 other smaller caves.

01:38:25They ranged from 20 to 35 meters wide

01:38:27for 10 to 20 meters high.

01:38:29Archaeologists

01:38:31found ancient relics there

01:38:33dating from the reign of Emperor Han Suan Di,

01:38:35dating back more than 2,000 years.

01:38:37How did these caves survive

01:38:39for more than 2,000 years

01:38:41without collapsing?

01:38:43No written trace explains

01:38:45how they were designed.

01:38:47The walls have burin marks,

01:38:49suggesting a layer-by-layer

01:38:51sculptural activity.

01:38:53But the exact construction process

01:38:55remains a puzzle.

01:38:59Hey, have you ever seen a fire rainbow?

01:39:01Yeah, me neither.

01:39:03And a circumhorizontal arc.

01:39:05I don't think so,

01:39:07but just so you know,

01:39:09it's the same thing.

01:39:11At first glance,

01:39:13it looks like a painting

01:39:15or a large rainbow-colored

01:39:17trace in the sky.

01:39:19Despite their name,

01:39:21they have nothing in common

01:39:23with fire or rain.

01:39:25This phenomenon occurs

01:39:27on rare occasions

01:39:29when the sun shines

01:39:31through a certain formation

01:39:33of clouds loaded with ice.

01:39:35This means that the Earth's surface

01:39:37curves the sun's light

01:39:39into a perfect ring.

01:39:41The same thing can happen

01:39:43with the Moon's light.

01:39:45The only difference is that

01:39:47the lunar halos are generally white

01:39:49and the solar halos can be

01:39:51rainbow-colored.

01:39:53When you visit high-altitude regions,

01:39:55you can be one of the few lucky

01:39:57people to see snow penitents.

01:39:59These are ice peaks

01:40:01naturally formed.

01:40:03They are really cold

01:40:05at high altitudes,

01:40:07and the air is dry.

01:40:09The sun's light directly

01:40:11transforms the ice into steam

01:40:13rather than melting it into water.

01:40:15This is why these blades

01:40:17of snow and ice

01:40:19begin to appear on the Earth's surface.

01:40:21As graceful as they may be,

01:40:23they can reach a height

01:40:25of nearly 5 meters.

01:40:27What happens when small drops

01:40:29of lava meet the wind?

01:40:31This phenomenon comes from

01:40:33the ancient Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes.

01:40:35Each time the wind carries

01:40:37small drops of lava,

01:40:39it stretches them to form

01:40:41braids similar to hair,

01:40:43a bit like in the process

01:40:45of creating a glass thread.

01:40:47These delicate braids can stretch

01:40:49up to 2 meters.

01:40:51On rare occasions,

01:40:53it can rain without any clouds.

01:40:55But is it really rain?

01:40:57Let's examine the scientific aspects

01:40:59of this phenomenon.

01:41:01It seems that the rain

01:41:03falls directly from our star.

01:41:05But let's be clear,

01:41:07it is impossible for rain

01:41:09to fall directly from the sun.

01:41:11Rain clouds are located

01:41:13at a certain distance

01:41:15from where it rains.

01:41:17When the sun's rays

01:41:19are oriented in a certain way,

01:41:21the clouds are out of sight.

01:41:23Add a little wind

01:41:25to blow the rain in your direction,

01:41:27and you're done.

01:41:29It's the largest salt desert in the world,

01:41:31measuring about 10,580 km².

01:41:33This is also where

01:41:35half of the planet's lithium is located,

01:41:37a crucial element in the

01:41:39manufacture of batteries.

01:41:41But what else is so special

01:41:43about this place?

01:41:45Every time the rainy season arrives,

01:41:47it turns this flat earth

01:41:49into a perfectly reflective

01:41:51lake.

01:41:53What comes to mind

01:41:55when you think of this place?

01:41:57Well, it's simply a series

01:41:59of waterfalls located in one

01:42:01of the driest regions of Antarctica.

01:42:03They emerge from an underground lake

01:42:05filled with a certain type of bacteria.

01:42:07These small organisms use

01:42:09sulfates as nutrients

01:42:11instead of sugar,

01:42:13which makes them fascinating

01:42:15to scientists.

01:42:17The water contained in this lake

01:42:19is so saturated with iron

01:42:21that it simply rusts

01:42:23Okay, we all know the song

01:42:25Sting's Desert Rose,

01:42:27but it's not entirely illusory.

01:42:29There is indeed a thing called

01:42:31the sand rose.

01:42:33It's not a plant, but a unique

01:42:35formation of gypsum.

01:42:37It grows in dry and sandy places

01:42:39that can occasionally be flooded.

01:42:41This constant passage between

01:42:43a wet and dry environment

01:42:45allows the gypsum crystals to emerge

01:42:47between the grains of sand,

01:42:49imprisoning them in a form of rose.

01:42:51Unlike Africa,

01:42:53scientists always try to understand

01:42:55how it was formed.

01:42:57You can only see it if you fly over it,

01:42:59but it's actually a natural dome.

01:43:01Richard's structure was formed

01:43:03about 100 million years ago.

01:43:05And no, I wasn't there at the time.

01:43:07It has an approximate diameter

01:43:09of 40 km and consists

01:43:11of several concentric rings.

01:43:13The largest, or central zone,

01:43:15measures about 30 km in diameter.

01:43:17Astronauts were among

01:43:19the first to notice it,

01:43:21and it has been studied extensively since.

01:43:23Even today, when astronauts

01:43:25land in Florida,

01:43:27they know they're almost home

01:43:29when they see the eye of Africa.

01:43:31One of the most beautifully colored

01:43:33trees in the world is found

01:43:35in the Philippines and Indonesia.

01:43:37It's called the rainbow eucalyptus.

01:43:39It owes its name to its bark,

01:43:41which changes color and detaches

01:43:43as the tree ages.

01:43:45The greenish bark is the youngest

01:43:47because it is full of chlorophyll,

01:43:49which is usually found in leaves.

01:43:51It then turns purple,

01:43:53then red.

01:43:55Finally, it turns brown as it grows

01:43:57and loses its chlorophyll.

01:43:59Don't get the illusion

01:44:01that there's an entire forest here.

01:44:03It's actually just one tree.

01:44:05And no, it's not a kind of optical illusion either.

01:44:07Let me explain.

01:44:09Under the ground, there's a complex network

01:44:11of roots that connect about

01:44:1347,000 trees that emerge from the ground.

01:44:15It's called the faux-tremble poplar.

01:44:17Some of these trees are part

01:44:19of the oldest and largest

01:44:21organisms in the world.

01:44:23This is a good destination

01:44:25for all travelers.

01:44:27Well, maybe not as good as this, actually.

01:44:29The area most frequently affected

01:44:31by lightning in the world,

01:44:33according to recent data published by NASA,

01:44:35is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.

01:44:37On average,

01:44:39every day of the year,

01:44:41300 thunderstorms occur here.

01:44:43What makes this region so unique

01:44:45that thunderstorms occur so often?

01:44:47Well, it's because it's here

01:44:49that the cool air of the mountains

01:44:51meets the hot and humid breeze of the lake,

01:44:53which generates electricity above it.

01:44:55The eternal flame falls

01:44:57in northern New York,

01:44:59near the Canadian border.

01:45:01In this region,

01:45:03there's a tiny waterfall

01:45:05that hides a big secret,

01:45:07a 20-centimeter-high fireball.

01:45:09It turns out

01:45:11that the natural gas flow

01:45:13feeds the flame behind this waterfall.

01:45:15The waterfall, on the other hand,

01:45:17provides enough cover

01:45:19to keep it on almost all the time.

01:45:21Hikers like to turn it on

01:45:23when they see it's off.

01:45:25This phenomenon is quite common,

01:45:27but this example has gained popularity

01:45:29because it's more recent than most.

01:45:31And it's very beautiful in the pictures,

01:45:33let's be honest.

01:45:35I've heard of yellow sand,

01:45:37white sand, and even black sand here and there,

01:45:39but I've never heard of green sand

01:45:41until now.

01:45:43Papa Kohela, also known as

01:45:45Greensand Beach,

01:45:47is located in Hawaii,

01:45:49and it's one of the few beaches

01:45:51in the world to have green sand.

01:45:53This unique color comes from the olive rock

01:45:55that formed during the eruption

01:45:57of a nearby volcano.

01:45:59And in Hawaii,

01:46:01it's not the volcanoes that are missing.

01:46:03Forget about the green sand,

01:46:05because some other beaches in the world

01:46:07are missing as well.

01:46:09The responsible is a small thing

01:46:11called the phytoplankton,

01:46:13or microalgae, as they're sometimes called.

01:46:15They're actually small plants

01:46:17that contain chlorophyll

01:46:19and need sunlight to live and develop.

01:46:21Most types of phytoplankton

01:46:23can float in the upper part of the ocean,

01:46:25where sunlight can still reach them

01:46:27underwater.

01:46:29When the phytoplankton is agitated

01:46:31by the movement of waves and currents,

01:46:33it emits light,

01:46:35and the phytoplankton dies during the night.

01:46:37These particular microorganisms

01:46:39can be found on beaches

01:46:41in many parts of the world,

01:46:43such as the Maldives,

01:46:45Puerto Rico, and the Everglades.

01:46:47At the foot of a mountain

01:46:49near Afton,

01:46:51in Wyoming,

01:46:53there's a small river

01:46:55called Intermittent Source.

01:46:57There are only a few of them

01:46:59in the world.

01:47:01But what makes this little stream

01:47:03so special?

01:47:05It's simply a siphon effect

01:47:07that occurs in the depths of the ground

01:47:09and causes the river

01:47:11to start and stop frequently.

01:47:13If you want to take a look at it,

01:47:15make sure you do it at the end of the summer,

01:47:17because that's when

01:47:19the Intermittent Source is most active.

01:47:21Well, that's just one way to put it.

01:47:25The Baltic Sea Anomaly

01:47:27In 2011, a team of divers

01:47:29went all the way down

01:47:31to the north of the Baltic Sea.

01:47:33They were hunting for treasure,

01:47:35but they discovered a rather strange object.

01:47:37They took pictures

01:47:39that they then shared,

01:47:41and some people thought

01:47:43it was the spaceship

01:47:45of an unknown civilization.

01:47:47Others thought that a natural phenomenon

01:47:49had formed this object.

01:47:51But the metals inside the structure

01:47:53couldn't have been formed naturally.

01:47:55Today, some scientists think

01:47:57it's an object from the Ice Age.

01:47:59Maybe even a meteorite

01:48:01that found itself caught in the ice

01:48:03at that time.

01:48:05A maelstrom is a whirlwind,

01:48:07a kind of powerful rotating current

01:48:09that forms when two currents meet,

01:48:11creating a circular vortex.

01:48:13Even the intrepid Vikings

01:48:15were afraid of maelstroms.

01:48:17Their power was such

01:48:19that they could make very large ships sink.

01:48:21These whirlwinds

01:48:23are still dangerous today.

01:48:25But fortunately,

01:48:27modern ships don't fear anything anymore.

01:48:29They are now able to resist

01:48:31this power.

01:48:33However, a ship crossing

01:48:35the path of a maelstrom

01:48:37will generally be exposed

01:48:39to such massive waves

01:48:41that it will be violently shaken.

01:48:43The strength of some maelstroms

01:48:45is so formidable

01:48:47that they are sometimes compared

01:48:49to black holes.

01:48:51And no, black holes

01:48:53do not only belong to the interstellar space.

01:48:55What brings them closer

01:48:57to these celestial monsters

01:48:59is the fact that nothing they capture

01:49:01can escape them.

01:49:03These underwater black holes

01:49:05can reach up to 150 km in diameter.

01:49:07If you were caught in one of them,

01:49:09you probably wouldn't even realize it.

01:49:11Their influence extends

01:49:13far beyond what can be detected.

01:49:15Because of their size,

01:49:17they even escape the most modern equipment.

01:49:19Here is something more relaxing.

01:49:21The next time you go to the beach,

01:49:23open your eyes wide

01:49:25and you may see this optical phenomenon

01:49:27called the green flash.

01:49:29You can see it

01:49:31a little after sunset

01:49:33or just before sunrise.

01:49:35It occurs when the sun

01:49:37is almost completely below the horizon

01:49:39but its upper edge is still visible.

01:49:41For one or two seconds,

01:49:43the solar crown will seem green to you.

01:49:45Because in reality,

01:49:47you will observe the sun

01:49:49through the thickest parts of the atmosphere,

01:49:51at the very bottom of the sky.

01:49:53As it descends below the horizon,

01:49:55its light refracts into the atmosphere

01:49:57or curves and disperses.

01:49:59Choose a clear day,

01:50:01without clouds or mist on the horizon

01:50:03and you will be able to observe this phenomenon.

01:50:05You were impatient to swim

01:50:07but when you get to the beach,

01:50:09you see that the ocean is red.

01:50:11It is better to avoid making trumpets.

01:50:13Florida is famous

01:50:15for its red tides.

01:50:17This occurs when the concentration

01:50:19of Carinia brevis is higher than normal.

01:50:21Most of the algae

01:50:23in the sea,

01:50:25rivers and lakes

01:50:27are safe for animals and humans.

01:50:29They even help us.

01:50:31They are a great source of oxygen.

01:50:33But some, like the one

01:50:35that gives this red tint to the ocean,

01:50:37can be extremely dangerous

01:50:39for aquatic fauna,

01:50:41sea turtles, fish and marine birds.

01:50:43This type of algae

01:50:45can develop uncontrollably

01:50:47and cause very harmful neurotoxins

01:50:49for humans, especially those

01:50:51who have respiratory problems.

01:50:53These people must avoid

01:50:55the areas of red tides,

01:50:57especially when strong winds

01:50:59push the algae to the shore.

01:51:01Volcanoes can emit toxic gases,

01:51:03ashes and a reddish lava.

01:51:05These dangers have been well known

01:51:07to humans for centuries.

01:51:09But underwater volcanoes

01:51:11can also be dangerous.

01:51:13Sometimes, those located

01:51:15on land reveal their presence

01:51:17by projecting rock debris and steam

01:51:19very high above the surface.

01:51:21Because of the presence of water,

01:51:23their effects will be different

01:51:25from those found on land.

01:51:27When they erupt,

01:51:29sea water can penetrate their vents.

01:51:31The lava can spread

01:51:33on the ocean floor,

01:51:35sometimes even spilling

01:51:37from land volcanoes.

01:51:39When it enters the water,

01:51:41it cools down so quickly

01:51:43that it turns into sand.

01:51:45Volcanic debris is found

01:51:47in large quantities in these areas.

01:51:49Have you ever seen these strange

01:51:51black sand beaches in Hawaii?

01:51:53They are the result of this activity.

01:51:55Lava and powerful eruptions

01:51:57represent an obvious danger.

01:51:59But underwater volcanoes,

01:52:01in deep waters, are just as dangerous.

01:52:03Even when they don't erupt.

01:52:05They produce air pockets.

01:52:07These bubbles reduce the density

01:52:09of the surrounding waters,

01:52:11which can even cause shipwrecks.

01:52:13The worst is that when you look

01:52:15at the surface of the ocean,

01:52:17you won't know what danger is waiting for you.

01:52:19You won't see these air pockets

01:52:21that can even unbalance

01:52:23very large ships.

01:52:25And without warning.

01:52:27Cross-sea is a rare phenomenon.

01:52:29Beautiful to observe,

01:52:31but also very dangerous.

01:52:33It's when you see square waves.

01:52:35They are quite common

01:52:37in shallow areas of the ocean.

01:52:39You can see this phenomenon

01:52:41near the island of Ray,

01:52:43or from the beaches of Tel Aviv.

01:52:45But also in many other areas

01:52:47around the world.

01:52:49This happens when two waves

01:52:51propagate in two different directions

01:52:53and cross each other.

01:52:55They then form a pattern.

01:52:57This usually happens after

01:52:59the passage of an atmospheric front.

01:53:01And this sea state is structured

01:53:03in a large number of directional flows.

01:53:05These waves can be dangerous

01:53:07The waves produced by

01:53:09strong ocean currents

01:53:11can be unpredictable

01:53:13and can be up to 3 meters high.

01:53:15They are sometimes called

01:53:17white walls.

01:53:19Their power is such

01:53:21that they can make large ships sink.

01:53:23If you fill a glass with

01:53:25seawater and look at it carefully,

01:53:27you will see quantities

01:53:29of very small particles.

01:53:31Seawater contains dissolved salts,

01:53:33fats, algae,

01:53:35proteins and other debris

01:53:37of artificial and organic matter.

01:53:39If you shake this glass,

01:53:41tiny bubbles will appear

01:53:43on its surface.

01:53:45This is how seawater forms,

01:53:47when waves and winds

01:53:49shake the ocean.

01:53:51When seawater is thick,

01:53:53it can be due to a large

01:53:55concentration of algae.

01:53:57When the algae disintegrate

01:53:59in the sea,

01:54:01their matter often drifts

01:54:03But when it contains

01:54:05decomposed algae,

01:54:07it can be harmful to our environment.

01:54:09It can happen that air pockets

01:54:11burst and release toxins

01:54:13that they contain.

01:54:15This can cause irritation

01:54:17to the eyes and other health problems.

01:54:19Square masses occur

01:54:21in the mouth

01:54:23and the lower part of

01:54:25some streams.

01:54:27A strong tide meets the current

01:54:29and pushes the river back.

01:54:31These waves are part of

01:54:33the hydraulic springs.

01:54:35A sudden change in the water level

01:54:37is a positive push,

01:54:39which means that the wave

01:54:41pushes the river back,

01:54:43making its mass much larger.

01:54:45A negative tide is when

01:54:47the water flow suddenly

01:54:49becomes shallow.

01:54:51The river must be shallow

01:54:53and its mouth must be narrow.

01:54:55The area where the sea

01:54:57meets the river must be flat and large.

01:54:59The area between the low tide

01:55:01and the high tide must be

01:55:03at least 6 meters wide.

01:55:05Of course, there are some exceptions,

01:55:07such as the Amazon,

01:55:09the largest river in the world.

01:55:11The mouth of the Amazon

01:55:13is not narrow,

01:55:15but it still produces

01:55:17square masses.

01:55:19This is because its mouth

01:55:21is shallow and has many

01:55:23sand banks and other low islands.

01:55:25This square mass is the reason

01:55:27why the river

01:55:29produces so much sediment.

01:55:31Square masses are often

01:55:33unpredictable and can be

01:55:35extremely violent.

01:55:37Sometimes the water

01:55:39changes from a greenish

01:55:41to a brownish color.

01:55:43They can damage the vegetation

01:55:45and even tear down trees.

01:55:47So leisure sports like

01:55:49kayaking and surfing

01:55:51can be dangerous in these areas.

01:55:53But if you just want to observe

01:55:55it could literally

01:55:57take the ground under your feet

01:55:59and take you into these agitated waters.

01:56:01You feel a rumble

01:56:03coming from below.

01:56:05No, it's not your belly.

01:56:07It's a deep and disturbing sound.

01:56:09You look up and see strange lights

01:56:11suspended above the ground.

01:56:13They look like sparkling light

01:56:15balls floating high in the sky.

01:56:17Your throat becomes dry

01:56:19and you swallow.

01:56:21This is what we call

01:56:23a deep and disturbing sound.

01:56:25Many witnesses claim

01:56:27they have seen it in different ways.

01:56:29It can look like light balls,

01:56:31sparkling light balls,

01:56:33sparrows and constant

01:56:35lightning in the sky.

01:56:37Later on, a strong earthquake

01:56:39occurs. Scientists do not know

01:56:41why these lights appear.

01:56:43And they never always do.

01:56:45Some think it's a reaction

01:56:47of underground gases

01:56:49released into the atmosphere.

01:56:51that you were expecting. The ground is shaking, but you manage to keep your balance.

01:56:55The shaking stops as abruptly as it started, and you go home on foot.

01:57:00On the way back, you see a flash and hear a thud of a whip.

01:57:04The lightning struck an isolated tree near where you were.

01:57:08The tree caught fire, and a column of flames rises to the sky.

01:57:12Still no rain, and the column rises higher and higher.

01:57:16Have you heard of a phenomenon called fire tornado?

01:57:20It occurs when the wind is caught in a circle near the ground

01:57:23due to the difference in air pressure.

01:57:26These mini-tornadoes are generally easy to spot.

01:57:29Small debris, dust, sand and leaves rise in the air

01:57:34and begin to fly in quick circles.

01:57:36If a source of fire is nearby, the black flame can suck it in

01:57:41and shake it like a whistle.

01:57:43The flames roll up, rise higher and higher,

01:57:47and end up creating a flaming tower.

01:57:50Fortunately, fire tornadoes have a very short lifespan

01:57:53and generally do not cause much damage.

01:57:56Don't try to hide from the storm under this tree.

01:57:59You can find this unusual plant in Florida

01:58:01and in some parts of the Caribbean outskirts.

01:58:04Externally, it doesn't seem particularly special.

01:58:07A gray trunk, green leaves, and fruits that look like small apples.

01:58:11What you have to remember is to never pick these apples

01:58:14and never stay near the tree, especially if it rains.

01:58:18Here is the manzanilla tree,

01:58:20which is considered the most dangerous tree in the world.

01:58:23Its trunk, bark, branches and fruits contain a toxic juice.

01:58:28A single drop of this corrosive liquid can damage your skin.

01:58:33The tree can secrete this juice

01:58:35and if you accidentally touch it, you risk burning your hand.

01:58:39When it rains, drops of water fall on the tree and mix with the poison.

01:58:44The water can also bounce off the bark and end up on your skin.

01:58:48That's why you shouldn't stay near it either.

01:58:51There is almost no other shrub or mushroom that grows nearby.

01:58:55Animals avoid these trees,

01:58:57and people don't cut them and don't pick their fruits.

01:59:00You can't make a fire with these branches either.

01:59:02The burning wood releases a toxic smoke that can damage the eyes.

01:59:06Locals know this tree well,

01:59:08but tourists and travelers can get hurt accidentally.

01:59:11That's why most manzanilla trees are painted or have a warning sign.

01:59:17In the west of Venezuela,

01:59:19the inhabitants who live near the Catatumbo river

01:59:22are surely not afraid of lightning,

01:59:24because they see them almost every night.

01:59:26This phenomenon starts around 7 p.m. and continues until dawn.

01:59:30The eternal storm of Catatumbo stopped once in a few months,

01:59:35from January to March 2010.

01:59:37It was probably due to drought,

01:59:39or maybe the load had run out.

01:59:41In 1991, a scientist suggested that the phenomenon

01:59:45occurred because of the meeting of cold and hot air currents in the region.

01:59:49According to another theory,

01:59:51the lightning could be due to the presence of uranium in the sea rock.

01:59:55All lightning does not occur inside the clouds.

01:59:58There is a rare phenomenon called volcanic storm.

02:00:01Lightning occurs above a volcano,

02:00:04which is the most famous in Japan.

02:00:06It erupts almost every day

02:00:08and spits out black clouds very high in the air.

02:00:11So we have super scary volcanic clouds and lightning with that.

02:00:15Ordinary lightning occurs during a storm

02:00:18when ice crystals collide with each other.

02:00:21During a volcanic storm,

02:00:23ashes collide, creating friction and sparks that illuminate the sky.

02:00:27In the hottest and driest place on Earth,

02:00:30the Danakil desert in East Africa,

02:00:33temperatures often exceed 50 ° C.

02:00:36This unusual landscape has many active volcanoes and geysers

02:00:41that spit out toxic gases such as chlorine and sulfur.

02:00:44The waters of a sparkling glass,

02:00:46an electric blue and a bright yellow

02:00:48are all rainwater and seawater heated by magma.

02:00:52A false step here can be fatal.

02:00:55The following phenomenon occurred in June 2009.

02:00:58Residents of certain regions of Japan

02:01:00left their homes after a heavy downpour.

02:01:02To discover fish, frogs and tetras everywhere.

02:01:06The fields, roads, meadows and roofs

02:01:09were full of these aquatic creatures.

02:01:12A man was shocked to see 13 carps

02:01:14on and around his truck.

02:01:16Apparently, he stopped to count them.

02:01:18No one knows for sure where this strange rain came from.

02:01:21But the most popular theory

02:01:23states that a powerful marine trombe

02:01:25picked up all these creatures.

02:01:27She then transported them into the high atmosphere

02:01:29and released the animals on the ground

02:01:31and on the populations without any doubt

02:01:33that were underneath.

02:01:35And now, welcome to Lake Abraham in Canada.

02:01:37It is completely frozen.

02:01:39You walk on the transparent ice

02:01:41and you look at what is underneath.

02:01:43No fish, just mysterious frozen bubbles.

02:01:46They look like small clouds frozen in the ice

02:01:49or like jellyfish that forgot to take their winter coats.

02:01:52There are thousands of these small bubbles

02:01:54that are actually made up of methane.

02:01:56But don't try to dig a hole in the ice to touch them.

02:01:59Methane is very flammable.

02:02:01It is created by bacteria

02:02:03that eat leaves, grass, insects

02:02:05or any other organic substance

02:02:07found in the lake.

02:02:09When methane touches ice water,

02:02:11it turns into tens of thousands

02:02:13of small frozen bubbles.

02:02:15When the ice melts, they burst and crack.

02:02:18We find similar lakes

02:02:20near certain shores of the Arctic Ocean.

02:02:22There, the size of the bubbles

02:02:24can reach several times the size of a sea bass.

02:02:27Magnificent, but not without danger.

02:02:30The following phenomenon

02:02:32occurs in Indonesia on Java Island.

02:02:35You arrive in front of a majestic volcano

02:02:37engulfed by grass and trees.

02:02:40The volcano seems asleep,

02:02:42but the smoke escapes.

02:02:44You climb to the top.

02:02:46Exhausted, tired, sweaty,

02:02:48you are ready to refresh yourself.

02:02:50Well done, you have managed to reach the top.

02:02:53You look into the mouth of the volcano.

02:02:55Hmm, no boiling lava,

02:02:57just a magnificent turquoise and luminous lake.

02:03:00It looks like an oasis.

02:03:02It is the ideal time for a refreshing swim.

02:03:05You run and prepare to jump.

02:03:07But it is not water, it is acid.

02:03:09Sulfuric gases infiltrate the lake

02:03:11from below the volcano.

02:03:13The lake itself is full of metals.

02:03:15When the gases touch them,

02:03:17they form this beautiful turquoise water,

02:03:19or rather this beautiful acid.

02:03:21It is better to return to the nearest village,

02:03:23to rest and come back in the evening

02:03:25when it is cooler.

02:03:26In the darkness, the lake seems to shine.

02:03:28Just above it,

02:03:30you see small luminous clouds exploding.

02:03:32Sulfuric gases come out of the lake,

02:03:34combine with the air

02:03:36and light up a bright blue.

02:03:38But do not get too close.

02:03:41The sea takes a sinister red hue,

02:03:43and no living being can survive it.

02:03:46It must be black magic.

02:03:48In fact, these are tiny algae

02:03:50that spread uncontrollably

02:03:52and give to the water this specific hue

02:03:54called the red tide.

02:03:56They contain toxins that destroy

02:03:58marine mammals, birds and turtles,

02:04:00as well as creatures that feed on them.

02:04:02For humans, contact is solved

02:04:04by respiratory problems

02:04:06or poisoning.

02:04:08Sometimes, huge ships

02:04:10sink in the middle of the sea for no apparent reason.

02:04:12In reality, this is often due

02:04:14to the pockets of bubbles

02:04:16that underwater volcanoes produce

02:04:18even while they sleep.

02:04:20These magma bubbles are hidden

02:04:22under 2,600 meters of water.

02:04:24When they wake up,

02:04:26they act like terrestrial volcanoes

02:04:28and can cause devastating tsunamis.

02:04:30This tree looks like a bottle.

02:04:32No wonder it is called the bottle tree.

02:04:34It grows in Namibia

02:04:36and attracts many tourists.

02:04:38But do not get too close to it

02:04:40because it is one of the most dangerous on Earth.

02:04:42A milky juice flows

02:04:44inside the trunk.

02:04:46It is highly toxic to the human body.

02:04:48On the other hand,

02:04:50these trees have beautiful pink and white leaves

02:04:52with a red heart.

02:04:54In Western Australia,

02:04:56there is a tree that was once used as a prison.

02:04:58A cell for criminals

02:05:00has long existed inside the Boab prison tree.

02:05:02People were generally kept there

02:05:04temporarily, just for one night.

02:05:06After that, they were taken

02:05:08to their final destination.

02:05:10The prison was built more than 1,500 years ago

02:05:12and has been perfectly preserved

02:05:14to this day.

02:05:16Those who visit this place

02:05:18can take a look inside.

02:05:20The Moon.

02:05:22Our faithful friend.

02:05:24Our only companion

02:05:26in this great dark and cold space.

02:05:28It is not surprising that all the events

02:05:30associated with it,

02:05:32such as solar or lunar eclipses,

02:05:34fascinate us.

02:05:36But what about the black moon,

02:05:38the blue moon, the super moon?

02:05:40Have you ever heard of them?

02:05:42Well, let me tell you everything

02:05:44about their calendars.

02:05:46The distance between the Earth and the Moon

02:05:48is 384,472 km.

02:05:50Yes, I measured it.

02:05:52It doesn't seem so far, does it?

02:05:54But believe me, most people

02:05:56greatly underestimate this distance.

02:05:58Did you know that all the planets

02:06:00of the solar system, including Jupiter and Saturn,

02:06:02could stand between the Moon and us?

02:06:04I couldn't believe it myself.

02:06:06The Moon is linked to the Earth

02:06:08by its position.

02:06:10That's why it's always facing us

02:06:12in a lunar cycle.

02:06:14The new Moon is the first phase.

02:06:16The Sun illuminates the hidden phase of our satellite,

02:06:18so we can't see the Moon.

02:06:20It is almost invisible in the sky.

02:06:22The crescent Moon

02:06:24is the light part that gradually grows.

02:06:26The full Moon is the phase during which

02:06:28the Sun completely illuminates the visible phase.

02:06:30The descending Moon

02:06:32is a progressive decline of the luminous part.

02:06:34And finally,

02:06:36another new Moon arrives.

02:06:38And the entire cycle starts again.

02:06:40We are now at 29.5 days in a lunar cycle.

02:06:42So it takes about a month

02:06:44if we subtract the month of February.

02:06:46But why am I telling you all this?

02:06:48So that you can better understand

02:06:50the Black Moon.

02:06:52A rare astronomical event

02:06:54that occurs once every 29 months,

02:06:56that is, two and a half years.

02:06:58This term does not exist in astronomy.

02:07:00It was invented by astrologers.

02:07:02It is not official and has several meanings.

02:07:04The Black Moon can mean

02:07:06the second new Moon in a month.

02:07:08Usually, there is only one new Moon per month,

02:07:10having two is therefore a rare phenomenon.

02:07:12This is due to a slight offset

02:07:14between the lunar cycle

02:07:16and the annual cycle of the Earth.

02:07:18A bit like the bisextile years.

02:07:20The Black Moon can also mean something else.

02:07:22For example, usually,

02:07:24there are only three new Moons per season.

02:07:26Basically, a new Moon every 30 days.

02:07:28However, if there are four,

02:07:30the Black Moon means the third.

02:07:32There are also

02:07:34less popular meanings.

02:07:36For example,

02:07:38this is how people call the month of February

02:07:40when there is no new Moon or full Moon.

02:07:42This happens about once every 19 years.

02:07:44But what is so special about it?

02:07:46The satellite is entirely hidden in the sky

02:07:48during a normal new Moon.

02:07:50But during a black Moon,

02:07:52you can see its dark silhouette.

02:07:54You will have to choose a good place

02:07:56without light from the city.

02:07:58If you live in a big city,

02:08:00you will have trouble seeing it without a telescope.

02:08:02Moreover, as the sky becomes black

02:08:04during a black Moon,

02:08:06you will be able to see different constellations

02:08:08that were hidden before,

02:08:10as well as Jupiter and Venus.

02:08:12The last time this phenomenon occurred

02:08:14was on April 30, 2022.

02:08:16You could see it in most regions of the United States,

02:08:18except for the areas of the Pacific Ocean,

02:08:20Alaska or Hawaii.

02:08:22Aloha!

02:08:24Yes, unfortunately,

02:08:26if this is the first time you hear about the Black Moon,

02:08:28you have already missed it.

02:08:30You will now have to wait another two and a half years.

02:08:32The next Black Moon will take place

02:08:34in September 2024,

02:08:36according to the standard method,

02:08:38and on May 19, 2023,

02:08:40according to the seasonal method.

02:08:42But don't worry,

02:08:44you will still be able to see another astronomical event.

02:08:46There was once a blue Moon.

02:08:48I'm not kidding, I'm serious.

02:08:50You can still see the blue Moon.

02:08:52Well, not literally, of course.

02:08:54The Moon doesn't turn blue.

02:08:56It's just what astronomers call

02:08:58the second full Moon in a month.

02:09:00Black and blue are similar by definition,

02:09:02but they are actually opposite.

02:09:04If the Black Moon is a second new rare Moon

02:09:06in a month,

02:09:08the Blue Moon is a second full rare Moon.

02:09:10They also occur both

02:09:12every 29 months.

02:09:14Not so rare, is it?

02:09:16It is quite ironic that this event is called the Blue Moon.

02:09:18The folklorist Philip Hiscock

02:09:20assumes that the term Blue Moon,

02:09:22in its calendar version,

02:09:24was invented by the Almanac of the farmers

02:09:26of Maine in 1937.

02:09:28Another interesting astronomical event

02:09:30is called the Super Moon.

02:09:32Fill up your telescope

02:09:34and look for hills,

02:09:36because you will see an exceptionally bright and large Moon,

02:09:38like the one we only see in the movies.

02:09:40What exactly does a Super Moon mean?

02:09:42You see,

02:09:44the Moon does not revolve around the Earth

02:09:46in a circular orbit.

02:09:48Its orbit is elliptical,

02:09:50and the place where it is closest to the Earth

02:09:52is called perigee.

02:09:54A Super Moon is a phenomenon

02:09:56where every Moon coincides with the perigee.

02:09:58For this reason,

02:10:00it seems particularly large and bright.

02:10:02Its diameter is 14% larger

02:10:04and it is 30% brighter

02:10:06than usual.

02:10:08In this regard,

02:10:10this phenomenon is often confused

02:10:12with the lunar illusion.

02:10:14During the lunar illusion,

02:10:16the Moon is low above the horizon

02:10:18and appears to be visually larger.

02:10:20Of the 12 or 13 full annual Moons,

02:10:223 or 4 are Super Moons.

02:10:24But most of them are not very significant.

02:10:26You will probably not see any difference at all.

02:10:28The most interesting

02:10:30are the large and rare Super Moons.

02:10:32During this one,

02:10:34the Moon becomes really large.

02:10:36The last large Super Moon occurred in 2016.

02:10:38Unfortunately,

02:10:40large Super Moons are rare

02:10:42and occur about once every 18 years.

02:10:44The next one will occur

02:10:46only in 2034,

02:10:48but we can observe smaller Super Moons

02:10:50quite frequently.

02:10:52They will occur on June 14

02:10:54and July 16.

02:10:56There is also an opposite phenomenon

02:10:58called Microlune.

02:11:00You have probably already guessed

02:11:02what it means.

02:11:04It occurs when the full Moon

02:11:06is at its farthest point from the Earth.

02:11:08This point is called Apogee.

02:11:10The next Microlune, in 2022,

02:11:12took place on June 29.

02:11:14In 2023, we can observe it

02:11:16on January 7,

02:11:18February 5 and August 16.

02:11:20Of course, you do not have to follow

02:11:22each of these events.

02:11:24Most people are more interested

02:11:26in lunar and solar eclipses.

02:11:28By the way, are you one of the people

02:11:30who confuse these two events?

02:11:32Do the test.

02:11:34Pause this video.

02:11:36Describe what these two eclipses mean.

02:11:38Compare your answer

02:11:40with the correct definition.

02:11:42Are you back?

02:11:44OK.

02:11:46So, a solar eclipse is a phenomenon

02:11:48that is possible only during the new Moon,

02:11:50when the Moon itself is not visible.

02:11:52Many people think this event

02:11:54is incredibly rare,

02:11:56but it is not quite true.

02:11:58A lunar eclipse is a phenomenon

02:12:00during which the Moon is completely

02:12:02or partially in the shadow projected by the Earth.

02:12:04The lunar eclipse can only occur

02:12:06during the full Moon,

02:12:08when the Moon is near the node of its orbit.

02:12:10If you guessed, bravo!

02:12:12Otherwise, do not worry.

02:12:14Many people confuse them.

02:12:16In 2002, a partial solar eclipse

02:12:18will take place on October 25.

02:12:20It will be visible in Europe,

02:12:22in South and West Asia,

02:12:24in North and East Africa,

02:12:26and in the Atlantic.

02:12:28As I mentioned, a total solar eclipse

02:12:30is not as rare as many people think.

02:12:32But the problem is that it is not always visible

02:12:34from any part of the planet.

02:12:36So if you want to see this event,

02:12:38make sure to check the calendar

02:12:40and see from which part of the Earth

02:12:42you can see it.

02:12:44However, lunar eclipses are much more common.

02:12:46Partial lunar eclipses occur

02:12:48almost every month.

02:12:50But a total lunar eclipse will take place

02:12:52in 2022, on the night of 7 to 8 November.

02:12:54You will be able to see it

02:12:56in almost all regions of the world,

02:12:58except in Africa.

02:13:00I heard that the zebras were

02:13:02downright disgusted.

02:13:04The Moon is a really fascinating satellite.

02:13:06You think it's just a little ball of rock.

02:13:08But in reality,

02:13:10there are so many interesting events

02:13:12What rare lunar events

02:13:14have you seen or want to see in your life?

02:13:16Have you observed rare and fascinating

02:13:18astronomical events?

02:13:20Do not hesitate to share them in the comments.

02:13:22You relax on the beach

02:13:24when suddenly you notice

02:13:26a huge flock of birds.

02:13:28They are very excited about something near the water.

02:13:30You want to go

02:13:32see what's going on over there.

02:13:34Here's a tip.

02:13:36Go back to your seat and stay away from the water.

02:13:38I understand,

02:13:40I think you're strong enough

02:13:42to handle a seagull.

02:13:44But it's not the birds that worry me.

02:13:46It's what's hiding under the water.

02:13:48Fishes are the basis

02:13:50of many diets

02:13:52in the animal kingdom,

02:13:54whether above or below the ocean.

02:13:56Tuna, squid and octopus,

02:13:58as well as marine mammals such as seals,

02:14:00feed on a wide variety of small fish.

02:14:04They particularly like species

02:14:06such as the tassergal and the striped bass.

02:14:08But they are also

02:14:10the favorite meal of another ultra-predator.

02:14:12That's why you shouldn't

02:14:14accompany these birds by the water.

02:14:16If you do, you risk meeting a creature

02:14:18that can measure up to 6 meters long.

02:14:20It's three times the size

02:14:22of an average human.

02:14:24These are the size references

02:14:26of a great white shark.

02:14:28If there are fish in the parishes,

02:14:30they can go back to the surface of the ocean

02:14:32to feed.

02:14:34The great white shark

02:14:36is the strongest bite force

02:14:38of all animals.

02:14:40The only other animal

02:14:42that comes close to it

02:14:44is the saltwater crocodile.

02:14:46And their ability to bite

02:14:48is very strong.

02:14:50Scientists think

02:14:52it is 100 times stronger

02:14:54than that of a human.

02:14:56They don't even use the nostrils

02:14:58under their muzzle to breathe.

02:15:00They only use them

02:15:02as super competition snifflers.

02:15:04And the creature

02:15:06doesn't do everything it can to hunt us.

02:15:08Hunters say that the chances

02:15:10of being attacked by a shark

02:15:12are only 1 in 3.7 million.

02:15:14Phew!

02:15:16When unfortunate encounters

02:15:18between sharks and humans occur,

02:15:20a shark can confuse a human

02:15:22with a seal or a very large

02:15:24striped shark.

02:15:26That's why you should stay away

02:15:28from these birds and fish

02:15:30and let the animals live.

02:15:32So, I guess that means

02:15:34that sharks have a bad vision.

02:15:36Not exactly.

02:15:38Their vision in clear water

02:15:40is up to 10 times better

02:15:42than that of humans

02:15:44who swim in the same environment.

02:15:46The structure of the eye

02:15:48of a shark is quite similar

02:15:50to that of our eye.

02:15:52It consists of a cornea,

02:15:54a crystalline, a retina,

02:15:56a deep blue iris and a pupil.

02:15:58Their eyes have two types

02:16:00of eyes.

02:16:02The first type

02:16:04is more sensitive

02:16:06to higher levels of light

02:16:08capable of seeing colors,

02:16:10just like humans.

02:16:12Although we are not sure

02:16:14of the performance of sticks

02:16:16and cones in sharks,

02:16:18research has shown

02:16:20that they only have one type

02:16:22of cone.

02:16:24This means

02:16:26that they probably

02:16:28have a mirror

02:16:30behind the shark's retina.

02:16:32These crystals allow

02:16:34sharks to see perfectly

02:16:36in extremely low light

02:16:38and in cloudy water.

02:16:40The crystals reflect

02:16:42the incoming light,

02:16:44which gives the retina

02:16:46a second chance

02:16:48to detect the light

02:16:50they could have missed

02:16:52the first time.

02:16:54Funny fact,

02:16:56another sign of the presence

02:16:58of sharks in nearby waters

02:17:00is the presence of whales.

02:17:02Sharks are known

02:17:04to track these creatures

02:17:06for more than 160 km.

02:17:08They follow groups of whales

02:17:10and wait for one of them

02:17:12to become vulnerable

02:17:14before striking relentlessly.

02:17:16So, lesson learned?

02:17:18If you now see birds

02:17:20by the water,

02:17:22it's probably not a good thing,

02:17:24but it's what we call

02:17:26a murmur.

02:17:28You can see thousands

02:17:30of whales come together

02:17:32in the sky,

02:17:34move in unison,

02:17:36dive and deviate at the same time.

02:17:38It's as if they were

02:17:40participating in a kind

02:17:42of synchronization test

02:17:44at the Olympic Games.

02:17:46This happens when

02:17:48the birds start perching

02:17:50on wires or trees.

02:17:52Do we do this to have fun?

02:17:54Not really.

02:17:56Getting together in the sky

02:17:58protects us from predators

02:18:00like hawks.

02:18:02It can also be cold

02:18:04when you're this high.

02:18:06The birds gather in thousands

02:18:08to warm up

02:18:10and exchange information

02:18:12about potential food sites.

02:18:14OK, in this case,

02:18:16a huge group of birds

02:18:18doesn't mean anything bad.

02:18:20Birds and other animals

02:18:22flee from forest fires.

02:18:24Some animals, like amphibians,

02:18:26can actually stay in the fire.

02:18:28Instead of fleeing to save their lives,

02:18:30they dig the ground to escape.

02:18:32But almost all animals

02:18:34will do their best to leave.

02:18:36Oh, and don't forget

02:18:38to get out of the way

02:18:40while all these animals run to you.

02:18:42Why don't we switch from birds to sharks?

02:18:44Yes, we now know

02:18:46that if there are birds

02:18:48and sharks,

02:18:50they might be close too.

02:18:52But what happens

02:18:54if there are no sharks nearby?

02:18:56If you're in the ocean

02:18:58and you see sharks

02:19:00heading for the bottom of the ocean,

02:19:02it could mean that a hurricane

02:19:04or a tropical storm is on its way.

02:19:06Sharks can feel the decrease

02:19:08in barometric pressure

02:19:10that accompanies the storm.

02:19:12They could start to move

02:19:14away from the turbulence zone.

02:19:16Sharks are not afraid of our beaches

02:19:18or our cities.

02:19:20They are afraid of them.

02:19:22They are very smart creatures

02:19:24who know that the more they dive

02:19:26into the ocean,

02:19:28the safer they are.

02:19:30But the ocean is not always

02:19:32the best place to go

02:19:34in case of emergency.

02:19:36For example, if you come across

02:19:38marine creatures that usually

02:19:40live in the water

02:19:42and rest on the sand,

02:19:44they gather in the water

02:19:46near the beach.

02:19:48Red tides occur everywhere

02:19:50in the world,

02:19:52but a species of algae

02:19:54mainly causes them

02:19:56in the Gulf of Mexico.

02:19:58A red tide occurs when

02:20:00the water is filled

02:20:02with a quantity of toxic algae

02:20:04higher than normal.

02:20:06It can make the water reddish

02:20:08or brown,

02:20:10but sometimes the color

02:20:12of the water changes

02:20:14and you have to rinse your mouth

02:20:16carefully with fresh water.

02:20:18Speaking of water,

02:20:20frogs are famous

02:20:22for their croaking.

02:20:24But if you hear them croaking

02:20:26much more than usual,

02:20:28it may be because it will

02:20:30soon rain.

02:20:32According to a theory,

02:20:34this could be linked

02:20:36to their mating process.

02:20:38They do it first,

02:20:40and then they meet

02:20:42with a symphony of croaking.

02:20:44If you hear a lot of croaking,

02:20:46it means that the bees

02:20:48are more active than usual

02:20:50and that a storm may be coming.

02:20:52When they feel that the storm is coming,

02:20:54the bees start working

02:20:56even harder and faster

02:20:58to collect more nectar before the storm.

02:21:00And once they're done,

02:21:02they always come back

02:21:0410 to 15 minutes before a heavy rain,

02:21:06even if there is no

02:21:08obvious sign of it.

02:21:10Their secret lies

02:21:12in super-sensitive hairs

02:21:14located in their backs,

02:21:16capable of capturing

02:21:18the electrostatic accumulations

02:21:20of a storm cloud.

02:21:24Something interesting

02:21:26has recently happened

02:21:28in South Dakota.

02:21:30It was everywhere on the Internet,

02:21:32so you may have heard about it.

02:21:34In July 2022,

02:21:36South Dakota suddenly turned green.

02:21:38What happened exactly?

02:21:40Was it caused by humans

02:21:42or by nature?

02:21:44Let's find out.

02:21:46Tuesday, July 5, 2022.

02:21:48Shortly after a heavy storm,

02:21:50the sky of South Dakota

02:21:52was still covered.

02:21:54Residents eventually left their homes

02:21:56and saw that the sky

02:21:58had turned an intense dark green.

02:22:00They had never seen

02:22:02anything like it before.

02:22:04They said they felt

02:22:06like they were in a sci-fi movie.

02:22:10Unsurprisingly,

02:22:12residents immediately started

02:22:14spreading the news on all social networks.

02:22:16They shared their beautiful

02:22:18but strange photos on Twitter.

02:22:20They showed the sky

02:22:22above Sioux Falls

02:22:24and a few other cities.

02:22:26Even if it may look

02:22:28like something supernatural,

02:22:30it is not at all a terrifying phenomenon.

02:22:32It's a simple game

02:22:34between light and atmosphere.

02:22:36But such a phenomenon

02:22:38happens quite rarely

02:22:40and usually means bad weather.

02:22:44And it was the case in South Dakota.

02:22:46Just before people

02:22:48started sharing their photos,

02:22:50a storm swept through the city of Sioux Falls.

02:22:52This was confirmed

02:22:54by the American Meteorological Service.

02:22:56This hurricane was terrible.

02:22:58The wind speed was about

02:23:0060 km per hour.

02:23:02According to the Beaufort scale,

02:23:04the wind speed is the fastest

02:23:06and most destructive storm.

02:23:08There are only 12 levels on this scale.

02:23:10And if the wind speed exceeds

02:23:12117 km per hour,

02:23:14it means that we have reached

02:23:16the maximum level.

02:23:18Why didn't it make the news?

02:23:20Because it is quite common in this region.

02:23:22Storms occur very often

02:23:24in the United States,

02:23:26especially during the hottest months.

02:23:28A storm like this

02:23:30can become something more serious

02:23:32like a tornado.

02:23:34This one was no exception.

02:23:36It was the famous derecho.

02:23:38The derecho is very common

02:23:40and lasts a long time.

02:23:42It is actually the combination

02:23:44of a group of violent storms

02:23:46moving quickly

02:23:48and rainstorms.

02:23:50People often say that a derecho

02:23:52is as strong as a tornado.

02:23:54However, there is a difference between the two.

02:23:56A derecho is a vortex,

02:23:58a column of rotating air.

02:24:00Its diameter is about 150 m,

02:24:02although it can reach up to 4 km.

02:24:04And in this case,

02:24:06it is better to be far away.

02:24:08But the main point is that

02:24:10tornadoes rotate.

02:24:12The wind moves very quickly

02:24:14and in a circular way

02:24:16around an invisible center.

02:24:18A derecho is a strong storm

02:24:20or a system of strong storms

02:24:22with winds in a straight line.

02:24:24In other words,

02:24:26it does not rotate.

02:24:28Instead, the derecho chooses

02:24:30a point somewhere

02:24:32and simply runs there

02:24:34like a very motivated marathon runner.

02:24:36If we compare a derecho

02:24:38to an ordinary tornado,

02:24:40the latter has 6 levels of strength

02:24:42from 65 to 600 km per hour,

02:24:44while a derecho

02:24:46is a bit like a small tornado

02:24:48of average level 1 or 2.

02:24:50Usually,

02:24:52its speed is between

02:24:54115 and 180 km per hour.

02:24:56And in both cases,

02:24:58it can be accompanied

02:25:00by violent thunderstorms,

02:25:02lightning and rain.

02:25:04But these are different phenomena.

02:25:06A storm becomes a derecho

02:25:08if the damage it leaves

02:25:10exceeds 385 km away

02:25:12and if the wind speed

02:25:14is at least 95 km per hour.

02:25:18It is quite difficult to predict.

02:25:20It can form even in light weather

02:25:22when meteorologists

02:25:24do not predict storms.

02:25:26And then the winds appear suddenly.

02:25:28It is so surprising

02:25:30that they can even seem explosive.

02:25:32But the National Meteorological Service

02:25:34tries to warn the inhabitants

02:25:36at least half an hour or an hour

02:25:38before it happens

02:25:40so that they have time

02:25:42to prepare and take shelter.

02:25:44It was no different this time.

02:25:46The storm swept almost

02:25:48the entire South Dakota

02:25:50as well as the neighboring states

02:25:52of Minnesota and Iowa.

02:25:54The consequences were quite serious.

02:25:56More than 30,000 people

02:25:58were left without electricity.

02:26:00Fortunately, no one was hurt,

02:26:02especially because the inhabitants

02:26:04are rather used to derechos.

02:26:08However, the green sky

02:26:10is something different.

02:26:12It has become a very unusual

02:26:14spectacle for the inhabitants.

02:26:16How did it happen?

02:26:18Was it a bad omen

02:26:20or a normal meteorological phenomenon?

02:26:22To be completely honest,

02:26:24scientists have no exact explanation.

02:26:26But although there are only hypotheses,

02:26:28they seem rather convincing.

02:26:32A green sky is a very rare phenomenon.

02:26:34Most scientists think

02:26:36it happens when a powerful storm

02:26:38approaches the region

02:26:40before sunset or sunrise.

02:26:42The sky then turns green in the area.

02:26:46NBC meteorologist Bill Karins,

02:26:48who himself was confronted

02:26:50with a similar event,

02:26:52suggests that the green sky

02:26:54appeared because of the huge hail

02:26:56that preceded the storm.

02:26:58First of all, let's talk about

02:27:00the reason why the sky is usually blue

02:27:02or any other nuance,

02:27:04depending on one's mood.

02:27:06The sun simultaneously carries

02:27:08all the rays of the spectrum of colors.

02:27:10It may seem white to us,

02:27:12but it actually has all the colors

02:27:14of different lengths.

02:27:20For example, the blue rays

02:27:22are shorter than the others.

02:27:24They pass through the molecules

02:27:26of air better than the red waves,

02:27:28so they reach us faster.

02:27:30That's why, in bright weather,

02:27:32the sky seems blue.

02:27:36Conversely, the red and orange

02:27:38waves are very long

02:27:40and move more slowly.

02:27:42They are generally left behind.

02:27:44But when the sun passes

02:27:46under the horizon or rises,

02:27:48the direction of the rays changes

02:27:50and these waves reach us better.

02:27:54All this means that even if the sunrise

02:27:56and sunset seem red and orange to us,

02:27:58there are actually

02:28:00always blue and green waves,

02:28:02but they must bounce on something

02:28:04to reach us faster

02:28:06and become stronger than the red rays.

02:28:09Now you know where we want to go.

02:28:13This is where water comes into play.

02:28:16Clouds are made up of droplets of water.

02:28:18When they get big enough,

02:28:20but don't fall yet,

02:28:22for example because of strong winds,

02:28:24they affect the behavior

02:28:26of light in the sky.

02:28:28Violent storms are mainly

02:28:30composed of water and hail.

02:28:32However, it is water that best reflects

02:28:34the blue and green rays.

02:28:36This is also the reason

02:28:38why the water of rivers and lakes

02:28:40seems blue-green to us,

02:28:42when in reality it is transparent.

02:28:44There are therefore

02:28:46some key factors that make

02:28:48the sky green.

02:28:50First of all, the sun must be

02:28:52at horizon level.

02:28:54Another factor is that even if

02:28:56storm clouds approach,

02:28:58they must not completely cover the sky.

02:29:00There must still be some space

02:29:02for the sun's rays.

02:29:04The barely perceptible blue rays

02:29:06head towards storm clouds,

02:29:08but they are repulsed

02:29:10by droplets of water and hail.

02:29:12By mixing with the red sunset,

02:29:14they turn into a bright green light.

02:29:16And this green light

02:29:18spreads throughout the sky.

02:29:20This is why in most cases,

02:29:22when the sky becomes green,

02:29:24people can only see it at night.

02:29:26This can possibly happen

02:29:28in the middle of the day,

02:29:30but it is very rare,

02:29:32given that the conditions

02:29:34are very specific.

02:29:36Anyway,

02:29:38if you see a green sky,

02:29:40don't panic.

02:29:42This doesn't necessarily mean

02:29:44that a terrible storm is approaching.

02:29:46The probability is high,

02:29:48but it is not an absolute rule.

02:29:50It can simply be a strong rain

02:29:52or a strong hail.

02:29:54In other words,

02:29:56if you see a green sky,

02:29:58you'd better take shelter

02:30:00But if you are lucky enough

02:30:02to be able to admire a beautiful green sky

02:30:04from the comfort of your home,

02:30:06take advantage of it.

02:30:08Because you will have the chance

02:30:10to experience something very rare.

02:30:12Some people have said

02:30:14that it was the most incredible thing

02:30:16they have ever seen.

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