Phénomènes Insensés qui Montrent que la Nature a des Secrets dans sa Manche

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Transcript

00:00:00It was a time when meat was literally falling from the sky in Kentucky.

00:00:04In 1876, the inhabitants of Olympia Springs were wasting their daily occupations

00:00:09when suddenly, meat began to fall from the sky in broad daylight.

00:00:13It covered an area representing nearly half a hectare.

00:00:17The inhabitants gathered to attend the event.

00:00:21Some, more daring, dared to taste the meat to guess its origin.

00:00:26With time, most people became disinterested in the thing.

00:00:29However, a scientist dedicated to offer an intriguing explanation.

00:00:33The meat would come from vultures.

00:00:35It turns out that it could have been a large amount of raptor vomit.

00:00:39Burk, when they are in distress, vultures tend to evacuate the food from their stomachs.

00:00:44This makes them lighter and allows them to escape quickly.

00:00:48The state of the meat in decomposition combined with this theory

00:00:51could explain the mysterious event.

00:00:54And this is not the only strange thing that has never fallen from the sky.

00:00:57The rain of animal origin is a reality.

00:01:00And it can rain fish or even frogs.

00:01:03In 1994, a substance similar to ice cream fell on the ground of Oakville.

00:01:09The ice cream of the stars was a strange viscous substance.

00:01:12It caused in almost all the inhabitants symptoms similar to those of the flu.

00:01:17Experts analyzed the substance and discovered that it contained human white blood cells

00:01:23and two types of bacteria.

00:01:25One of them could be found in the human digestive system.

00:01:29The origin of the substance and its link with its flu symptoms remain unknown.

00:01:33Contrary to popular belief, attributing its origin to the sky,

00:01:37the stellar ice cream can have various sources.

00:01:40It could come from frog oviducts

00:01:42or be formed by the aggregation of viscous aquatic creatures.

00:01:46Some types of mushrooms, especially when they are in a state of decomposition,

00:01:50can take a consistency similar to that of ice cream.

00:01:53And even mosquitoes can have similar characteristics.

00:01:57Now, imagine being afraid of spiders and then witness this.

00:02:01In eastern Brazil, there was a case of spiders falling from the sky.

00:02:05In fact, spider rains are not as unusual as you might think.

00:02:10This happened in regions such as Florida, Argentina and other parts of the globe.

00:02:16It turns out that there is a kind of spider, the Anelosimus eximus,

00:02:20which lives and hunts with its congeners.

00:02:23It weaves a large web between bushes and trees to catch more insects.

00:02:28But a violent wind can tear the web and carry the spiders into the air,

00:02:33giving the impression that the spiders fall like rain.

00:02:37The next article on our list of the strange things that fall from the sky are golf balls.

00:02:42One day in September 1969, golfers in Florida experienced this phenomenon.

00:02:47Suddenly, tons of golf balls began to rain from the sky just on the golf course.

00:02:53Meteorologists have advanced that a tornado had passed near the coast

00:02:58and had sucked the water of a pond near the golf course.

00:03:01The tornado would also have caught a lot of balls on the way.

00:03:05And when it calmed down, all these balls fell again.

00:03:09Another interesting case took place in the northwest of the Pacific coast of the United States.

00:03:14This milky rain was brought by a dust storm on a rich lake in Oregon.

00:03:20At first, scientists thought it was due to the wind erosion of the burnt regions.

00:03:25But this did not correspond to the direction of the wind.

00:03:28Another clue was the composition of the water.

00:03:31It was similar to that of a dried lake.

00:03:34Then, it was imagined that it could come from Lake Summer in Oregon.

00:03:38It is a shallow lake that dries during the hot season.

00:03:41A storm with violent winds had hit the lake the day before this famous rain,

00:03:45perhaps lifting dust in the air.

00:03:48The milky rain left a white residue on cars and windows across 15 different cities.

00:03:54The bloody rain, or red rain, may seem to be the plot of a horror movie, but it is very real.

00:04:01This rain, which looks like blood, has confused people since the time of the Iliad.

00:04:06At the time, it was thought that it was real blood falling from the sky,

00:04:10and it was obviously perceived as a bad omen.

00:04:13But science has intervened to clarify all this.

00:04:16This rain is generally caused by rather harmless things,

00:04:20such as ocher dust or tiny micro-organisms floating down the slope.

00:04:25Parfois, c'est l'eau où des certaines algues microscopiques.

00:04:30Pastel snow may seem tempting, but it is not a snack.

00:04:35Even in small quantities, it could lead to unpleasant health problems.

00:04:40The alga Clamidomonas nivalis actually paints this snow pink.

00:04:44Unlike the usual algas that prefer ponds, this one thrives in the snow.

00:04:49It is mainly found in high altitude areas during the summer.

00:04:53This alga makes the snow pink-reddish, and its spots are often used for blood stains.

00:04:59This red color actually helps to protect the alga from ultraviolet rays.

00:05:03About 2 million years ago, a highly saline water reservoir appeared under the glacier Taylor of Antarctica,

00:05:10isolated from light, oxygen, and heat.

00:05:14While this salty water slowly infiltrates through a crevasse of the glacier,

00:05:19it reacts with the oxygen present in the air.

00:05:22This creates a rusty color cascade that cuts the breath.

00:05:25A phenomenon called blood falls formed in these conditions.

00:05:29It is both an impressive spectacle and a scientific wonder.

00:05:33You can only go to the glacier by helicopter or boat, because it is located in a restricted area.

00:05:39The name Blood Falls perfectly describes the scene.

00:05:44The view of a sparkling liquid that flows slowly,

00:05:47touching the immaculate surface of the Taylor Glacier and Lake Bonnet below.

00:05:51Despite appearances, the substance is not real blood or water,

00:05:56tinted by red algae, like the supposed one of the first explorers of Antarctica.

00:06:00This sparkling ocher tint emanates from an incredibly salty underground lake

00:06:05that has been isolated under the glacier for millennia.

00:06:09Speaking of lakes and water plans, there is an unusual place called Lake Hillier in Western Australia.

00:06:16It is part of a group of lakes whose pink chewing gum color is striking.

00:06:20This lake is located on the edge of the middle island.

00:06:23It is bordered by a thin strip of sand and a magnificent forest of gneolis and eucalyptus.

00:06:28The unique pink tint of this lake is quite mysterious.

00:06:32Scientists are not sure of the origin of this color.

00:06:36Some think it could be due to microscopic algae containing a red-orange pigment

00:06:42or another type of microorganism.

00:06:45Another possibility would be a strong concentration of pink shrimp.

00:06:49Tourists often appreciate the view to cut the breath of Lake Hillier from a helicopter or a plane.

00:06:55But if you go there, it has an interesting feature.

00:06:59The lake may be very salty, it is not really harmful.

00:07:02So you can swim there if you want.

00:07:05Because of its high salt content, you will float there easily, like a cork in the water.

00:07:10Let's stir up the atmosphere a little more.

00:07:12The Parelli, with its complicated name, is a rare and fascinating show.

00:07:16To be a witness, you need a little luck and good conditions.

00:07:20More precisely, the sun must be at an angle of 22 degrees.

00:07:24The sky should also present clouds of the type Cirrus or Cirrostratus,

00:07:29which contain ice crystals.

00:07:31When everything aligns perfectly, the clouds, the sun and your point of view,

00:07:36you will have a Parelli.

00:07:38It is also known as False Sun.

00:07:41This phenomenon creates an impressive effect,

00:07:44where the solar star seems to be surrounded by a giant halo of light.

00:07:48You will see two additional suns around this halo.

00:07:52These additional suns seem sometimes smaller than the real one

00:07:56and may have spikes or crowns emanating from them.

00:07:59Finally, here is a newly discovered phenomenon.

00:08:02The lakes and atmospheric rivers.

00:08:05They are as intriguing as their name suggests.

00:08:08Atmospheric rivers have been known for a little longer and are quite extraordinary.

00:08:14They can stretch up to 1,600 km long and 6,000 km wide.

00:08:19They are essentially streams of water vapor in the sky.

00:08:23When they descend, they can release a huge amount of water,

00:08:27sometimes equivalent to that of 25 times the Mississippi.

00:08:31There are also atmospheric lakes for those who find atmospheric rivers

00:08:35a little too violent to their liking.

00:08:37They are large masses of water vapor similar to lakes floating among clouds.

00:08:42However, they do not move as fast as their river counterparts.

00:08:46It is estimated that a certain atmospheric lake located above the Indian Ocean

00:08:51would contain enough water to form a puddle extending over 1,000 km wide.

00:08:56These lakes are generally formed in areas almost devoid of wind,

00:09:00most often near the equator and coastal regions.

00:09:04The magnetic field of the Earth hides a fascinating story.

00:09:08It turns out that it weakens day after day.

00:09:11In fact, this has been happening for the last 3,000 years.

00:09:15And if this trend continues, we could well experience it in a millennium.

00:09:24The Earth's magnetic field is so strong,

00:09:28that if this trend continues, we could well experience it in a millennium.

00:09:34But then, what happens?

00:09:36Well, imagine this.

00:09:38The magnetic north becomes the south, and vice versa.

00:09:41It seems crazy, doesn't it?

00:09:43When this happens, the magnetic shield that protects our planet can weaken,

00:09:47allowing more cosmic rays to hit us.

00:09:51These high-energy cosmic particles can cause malfunctions

00:09:55in the electronics of our satellites and cause all kinds of disasters.

00:10:01The last time such a polarity reversal occurred,

00:10:04it was 772,000 to 774,000 years ago.

00:10:09Fortunately, humanity can count on its most intelligent members

00:10:13to be interested in the history of the Earth's magnetic field.

00:10:16We take carotid sediments from the ocean floor,

00:10:19and we study the magnetization of fossils

00:10:22in order to determine when these upheavals occurred in the past

00:10:25and when they could occur again.

00:10:29Another group of researchers studies the anomaly of the South Atlantic.

00:10:33A vast region where the Earth's magnetic field

00:10:36is about three times weaker than it is at the poles.

00:10:40By using the data of several satellites,

00:10:42they try to determine what causes this anomaly

00:10:46and how it could evolve in the future.

00:10:49This could give us an overview of how a weakened magnetic field

00:10:53can affect our satellites and our planet.

00:10:56Of course, our generation will not be there to witness these changes,

00:11:00but it still makes us wonder

00:11:02what this planet could look like upside down,

00:11:05magnetically speaking, of course.

00:11:08NASA astronomers have also announced that in 4 billion years,

00:11:12our Milky Way galaxy will experience a spectacular flash.

00:11:16After a cosmic collision that will shake everything,

00:11:19we are not talking about a small hook without consequences,

00:11:22but of a titanic collision with our neighbor,

00:11:25the Andromeda galaxy.

00:11:28Humanity will have to cramp on the cows' floor for this,

00:11:32because our sun could be projected into a new region of the galaxy.

00:11:36However, the Earth and our solar system

00:11:39should not be seriously affected.

00:11:42It seems hard to believe, so how is it done?

00:11:45The Hubble Space Telescope has carried out rigorous measurements

00:11:48of Andromeda's movements.

00:11:51Although the galaxies are destined to collide,

00:11:54the stars inside each are so far away from each other

00:11:57that they should not collide with other stars during the event.

00:12:01However, the stars will be projected in different orbits

00:12:04around when we go to the Central Galaxies.

00:12:07According to the simulations, our solar system

00:12:11will probably be ejected from one of the galaxies

00:12:14that it is not today.

00:12:17Now, you can arrange your telescopes.

00:12:20No need to count the years.

00:12:23This event is scheduled for about 4 billion years.

00:12:26So the chances for us to attend are non-existent.

00:12:29Saturn loses its rings.

00:12:32Fortunately, we will not be there to attend this sad event either.

00:12:35Apparently, these rings, under the influence of Saturn's magnetic field,

00:12:39are attracted to it in the form of rain of ice particles.

00:12:45According to NASA's research,

00:12:48this ring rain drains an amount of water

00:12:51that could fill an Olympic swimming pool every half hour.

00:12:54The entire system of Saturn's rings

00:12:57will probably disappear in 300 million years.

00:13:00Scientists think we are rather lucky

00:13:03to be able to observe Saturn's rings today,

00:13:06because they seem to be in the middle of their lifespan.

00:13:09But if you consider that the rings orbiting the planets

00:13:12are all temporary,

00:13:15there is therefore a chance that we have simply missed

00:13:18the majestic rings of Jupiter or those of Uranus and Neptune.

00:13:21These planets today have only tiny rings around them.

00:13:27Scientists have been debating for a long time

00:13:30whether Saturn was formed with these rings

00:13:33or if the planet acquired them later in its existence.

00:13:36New research tends to favor the second scenario,

00:13:39indicating that they are unlikely

00:13:42to have more than 100 million years,

00:13:45while Saturn itself has about 4.5 billion.

00:13:48What could have caused

00:13:51the appearance of these rings in the first place?

00:13:54Well, there are some theories.

00:13:57One of them suggests that the rings could have formed

00:14:00because the ice crystals in orbit around Saturn

00:14:03collided, perhaps because their orbits

00:14:06had been disturbed by the gravitational attraction

00:14:09of an asteroid or a comet.

00:14:12Who knows what humans could look like in the future?

00:14:15It is unlikely that we will observe major changes in our lives.

00:14:18But let's take a step forward in the future

00:14:21and think about what we could become.

00:14:31To understand our future evolution,

00:14:34we must take a look at our past.

00:14:37A million years ago, Homo sapiens did not even exist.

00:14:40There were some similar species,

00:14:43such as the Neanderthal man.

00:14:46If we project ourselves to today,

00:14:49humans have become bigger and more robust.

00:14:52But maybe in the future we will become smaller

00:14:55to save energy, because we predict that our planet

00:14:59Speaking of overpopulated planets,

00:15:02living in these new conditions means that we must adapt

00:15:05and quickly. We interact constantly

00:15:08with a lot of people, and remembering

00:15:11everyone's names becomes a crucial skill.

00:15:14Fortunately, technology could help us with brain implants

00:15:17that will improve our memory.

00:15:20In the future, we could also harvest more visible technologies

00:15:23that will be an integral part of our appearance.

00:15:26Imagine having a bionic eye with a camera

00:15:29capable of visualizing different wavelengths.

00:15:32Although predicting a million years in the future

00:15:35is only pure speculation, we can use

00:15:38bioinformatics to make some predictions

00:15:41about our near future.

00:15:44Demographic trends suggest that urban areas

00:15:47will know a greater genetic diversity,

00:15:50while rural areas will become less and less diversified.

00:15:53And what about space? If we end up colonizing Mars,

00:15:56our bodies could be altered by low gravity.

00:15:59Maybe we will develop longer arms and legs,

00:16:02or even isolated hairs, like our Neanderthal cousins.

00:16:05In the future, our moon will also

00:16:08undergo some dramatic changes.

00:16:11We will not see our living being there either.

00:16:14In about 5 billion years, this corner of the universe

00:16:17will experience major changes. For now,

00:16:20our sun is quietly in its main sequence phase.

00:16:23It simply burns hydrogen as if nothing happened.

00:16:26In the future, during its red giant phase,

00:16:29the sun will swell like a boulder

00:16:32until its atmosphere reaches and engulfs

00:16:35our dear Earth and its moon.

00:16:38Our natural satellite, which is already moving away from the Earth,

00:16:41will be profoundly disturbed by the influence of the sun.

00:16:44Its orbit will be so disturbed that it will end up

00:16:47closer to the Earth during the phase of the new moon than during the full moon.

00:16:50And it's not the worst!

00:16:53If we leave it alone, the moon will continue to move away from the Earth

00:16:56until it needs nearly 50 days to orbit us.

00:16:59As the sun continues its own journey,

00:17:02its atmosphere will impact the moon

00:17:05and cause the degradation of its orbit.

00:17:08In the end, the moon will be pulverized

00:17:11into a magnificent ring of debris,

00:17:14spreading around the Earth.

00:17:17We are talking about all these mountains,

00:17:20these craters and even footprints and other flags that we have left there,

00:17:23all scattered through the field of debris.

00:17:26There is a chance that the sun will lose enough mass to spare the Earth

00:17:29and the moon from a total annihilation.

00:17:32Or, if we are really lucky, the sun will lose 20% of its mass

00:17:35and we will be healthy and safe.

00:17:38All this is only theory for now,

00:17:41but there will be many red giant stars during this phase.

00:17:44The universe itself could one day become completely dark.

00:17:47Scientists cannot predict it with absolute certainty,

00:17:50but they can make some assumptions.

00:17:53Currently, our universe is 13 times 77 billion years old

00:17:56and it continues to produce new stars

00:17:59from right to left.

00:18:02It is said that finally,

00:18:05after about 1,000 billion years,

00:18:08the last star will be born.

00:18:11This last star will be small, a red dwarf,

00:18:14barely a fraction of the size of our sun.

00:18:17These stars are champions in terms of longevity.

00:18:20They slowly absorb their hydrogen

00:18:23to feed the fusion reaction of their nucleus.

00:18:26But even these last ones cannot last for an element.

00:18:29Before this, about 100 billion years will pass

00:18:32and the last light will go out.

00:18:35It will be dark and lonely.

00:18:38But don't worry, we won't be there forever.

00:18:45About 800,000 years ago,

00:18:48a giant asteroid crossed space towards Earth.

00:18:51It hit our planet with a phenomenal force.

00:18:54It covered 10% of the Earth's surface

00:18:57with black and shiny green rock debris called tektites.

00:19:00Tektites are pieces of rock

00:19:03that liquefy under the heat of the impact of a meteorite.

00:19:06They then cool down to look like dark and glassy pebbles.

00:19:09A lot of these tektites were scattered

00:19:12throughout Southeast Asia

00:19:15and reached East Antarctica.

00:19:18This is how scientists know that this giant meteorite impact took place.

00:19:21Researchers spent nearly 100 years

00:19:24trying to find the gigantic crater caused by the impact,

00:19:27but the tektites were too scattered.

00:19:30That's why they couldn't locate the exact location.

00:19:33Until recently, a team of experts from different universities

00:19:36tried to find the zero point of the impact of the meteorite.

00:19:39They examined several craters in China and Cambodia,

00:19:42but none seemed to have been created

00:19:45by the crash of a meteorite.

00:19:48The experts then decided to investigate Laos.

00:19:51It is the country where they discovered the largest number

00:19:54and the largest concentration of tektites.

00:19:57The team came up with a new theory.

00:20:00What if the crater was hidden by something?

00:20:03In search of the potential crater,

00:20:06scientists took gravity measurements

00:20:09in different places throughout Laos.

00:20:12On the site of an old volcanic eruption,

00:20:15under thick layers of cooled volcanic lava,

00:20:18they discovered an important gravitational anomaly.

00:20:21It turned out to be a large crater,

00:20:243.5 km wide and 18 km long.

00:20:27According to the location and size of the crater,

00:20:30scientists think it is the site of the impact of the old meteorite.

00:20:33More than 2 billion years ago,

00:20:36long before the era of the dinosaurs,

00:20:39the Earth was hit by one of the largest asteroids

00:20:42to have ever hit our planet.

00:20:45The asteroid was about 10 to 14 km in diameter

00:20:48and created the largest impact crater on Earth.

00:20:51It is on the territory of present-day South Africa.

00:20:54When it was formed, it had a gigantic diameter of 300 km.

00:20:57Over the centuries, the massive crater slowly eroded

00:21:00to form the Vredefort dome.

00:21:03It is a formation of rocky hills

00:21:06that was the central site of the impact of the asteroid.

00:21:09This formation is so large that it can be seen from space.

00:21:12Today, the Vredefort dome is a recognized site of world heritage.

00:21:15It also houses several cities and communities

00:21:19that encourage tourists to come and visit the old crater.

00:21:22In 1943, a pilot strayed from his usual flight path

00:21:25to avoid dangerous weather conditions.

00:21:28By flying over Quebec in Canada,

00:21:31he spotted a large perfectly circular basin.

00:21:34This is how the Pangaluit crater was discovered.

00:21:37About 1.4 million years ago,

00:21:40a meteorite fell in this place,

00:21:43creating this small but deep impact crater.

00:21:46It has a diameter of 3 km and a depth of 400 m.

00:21:49A lake of deep blue has formed at the bottom of the crater.

00:21:52It is said that this lake contains one of the purest waters in the world

00:21:55because it has neither entrance nor exit.

00:21:58This means that the lake is only filled with rain and snow.

00:22:01It houses a species of fish called the Knight's Tail.

00:22:04The Sudbury Basin is also located in Canada.

00:22:07Formed more than 1.8 billion years ago,

00:22:10it is one of the largest and oldest impact craters in the world.

00:22:13It is located in Ontario.

00:22:16But the impact of the collision was so powerful

00:22:19that debris was found 800 km away, in Minnesota.

00:22:22Unlike most impact craters,

00:22:25which have a circular shape,

00:22:28the Sudbury Basin is oval.

00:22:31It is 62 km long and 30 km wide.

00:22:34The original impact site could have had a huge depth of 16 km,

00:22:37but its modern version is much less deep.

00:22:40The asteroid that created the basin

00:22:43carried a strong concentration of natural minerals.

00:22:46This made the crater's soil incredibly fertile.

00:22:49Today, this soil houses many shepherds and gardeners.

00:22:52The unique formation of the crater of the Sudbury Basin

00:22:55was used to train Apollo astronauts

00:22:58before they set off on their mission to the Moon.

00:23:01The most famous meteorite of all is perhaps Chicxulub.

00:23:04It is the one that caused the destruction of 75%

00:23:07of all plant and animal life on Earth,

00:23:10including dinosaurs.

00:23:13The Chicxulub meteorite was 10 km in diameter

00:23:16when it hit Earth 66 million years ago.

00:23:19The crater is now located off the coast of Mexico,

00:23:22hidden deep under the seabed.

00:23:25It is about 150 km in diameter and 19 km deep.

00:23:28Recently, scientists managed to dig deeply

00:23:31into the highest point of the impact crater

00:23:34to collect rock samples.

00:23:37They discovered that the extinction of dinosaurs

00:23:40was not due to the giant size of the meteorite

00:23:43or the magnitude of the explosion,

00:23:46but rather because of the exact location

00:23:49where Chicxulub hit Earth.

00:23:52The meteorite hit part of our planet,

00:23:55which was densely filled with a mineral compound

00:23:58called gypsum.

00:24:02This caused the dark and prolonged winter

00:24:05that condemned the dinosaurs.

00:24:08One of the youngest craters on Earth

00:24:11is the Barringer crater in Winslow, Arizona.

00:24:14It is also one of the best-preserved craters on Earth.

00:24:17It was formed 50,000 years ago

00:24:20when a heavy meteorite, mainly made of iron,

00:24:23fell from space.

00:24:26The atmosphere of the Earth

00:24:29became vaporized by the impact,

00:24:32leaving very little remains.

00:24:35The crater left by this powerful explosion

00:24:38was named after the man who identified it in 1903.

00:24:41It was a mining engineer named Daniel Barringer.

00:24:44The diameter of the crater is 1,200 m

00:24:47and its depth is 170 m.

00:24:50The Barringer family still owns the site of the impact.

00:24:53It is possible to visit the crater

00:24:56The crater in Siberia is one of the most interesting on Earth.

00:24:59More than 35 million years ago,

00:25:02the impact of an asteroid formed this massive basin.

00:25:05The crater is 100 km in diameter,

00:25:08making it the 4th largest crater in the world.

00:25:11This crater is unique because it houses

00:25:14one of the largest deposits of diamonds in the world.

00:25:17The intense pressure of the collision

00:25:20transformed the graphite of the site of the impact into diamond.

00:25:23But no one has ever exploited them

00:25:26due to the isolation of the site and the lack of infrastructure.

00:25:29In the year 1530 BC, a meteorite entered the atmosphere of the Earth

00:25:32before breaking into pieces.

00:25:35The burning fragments of the meteorite fell in the rain on Earth

00:25:38and crashed on the surface of the planet.

00:25:41As a result, a group of craters appeared on a small Estonian island,

00:25:44Saaremaa.

00:25:47The largest crater is a perfect circle 110 m wide.

00:25:50It has a depth of 21 m and is filled with water.

00:25:538 small craters that appeared during the collision

00:25:56are located in a radius of 800 m around the main crater.

00:25:59The impact of the meteorite fragments caused

00:26:02the burning of the island's trees.

00:26:05Almost all the forests were burned.

00:26:08Fortunately, the woods have now grown back

00:26:11and the craters have become a popular tourist destination.

00:26:14About 200 million years ago, a meteorite struck the region

00:26:17we know today as Quebec in Canada.

00:26:20This collision created the 6th largest impact crater in the world.

00:26:23It was 64 km in diameter,

00:26:26but over the centuries, the outer edge of the crater

00:26:29has filled with water.

00:26:32It is now called the Manicouagan Reservoir.

00:26:35The impact crater lake is so large that it can be seen from space.

00:26:38And its strange shape gave the lake its nickname,

00:26:41the Eye of Quebec.

00:26:44The largest crater in the world is located in Western Australia.

00:26:47The Yara-Bouba crater is 2.2 billion years old.

00:26:50The impact site is so ancient that the original crater

00:26:53has completely eroded.

00:26:56The diameter of the Yara-Bouba crater was about 30 to 70 km.

00:26:59Scientists have managed to determine the age of the impact site

00:27:02by analysing the ancient crystals and minerals

00:27:05found in the crater.

00:27:08Have you ever seen a fire rainbow?

00:27:11Yeah, neither have I.

00:27:14And a circum-horizontal arc.

00:27:17I don't think so, but just so you know, it's the same thing.

00:27:20At first glance, it looks like a painting

00:27:23or a large trace in the sky in the color of the rainbow.

00:27:26Despite their name, they have nothing in common with fire or rain.

00:27:29This phenomenon occurs on rare occasions

00:27:32when the sun shines through a certain formation of clouds

00:27:35filled with ice.

00:27:39Here again, a specific type of ice crystal must be present in the clouds

00:27:42so that the Earth's surface curves the sun's light

00:27:45into a perfect ring.

00:27:48The same thing can happen with the moon's light.

00:27:51The only difference is that the lunar halos are generally white

00:27:54and that the solar halos can be the color of the rainbow.

00:27:59When you visit high-altitude regions,

00:28:02you can be one of the few lucky ones to see snow penitents.

00:28:06In fact, they are ice peaks naturally formed.

00:28:09To form them, you need a really cold environment,

00:28:12high up, and where the air is dry.

00:28:15The sun's light directly transforms the ice into steam

00:28:18rather than melting it into water.

00:28:21And that's why these blades of snow and ice

00:28:24begin to appear on the surface of the Earth.

00:28:27As graceful as they may be,

00:28:30they can eventually reach a height of nearly 5 meters.

00:28:33And where do small drops of lava meet the wind?

00:28:36Well, it's the hair of a pele.

00:28:39Let me explain.

00:28:42The word pele comes from the ancient Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes.

00:28:45Every time the wind carries small drops of lava,

00:28:48it stretches them to form braids similar to hair,

00:28:51a bit like in the process of creating a glass thread.

00:28:54These delicate braids can stretch up to 2 meters.

00:28:57On rare occasions, it can rain without any clouds.

00:29:00But is it really rain?

00:29:03Let's examine the scientific aspects of this rare phenomenon.

00:29:06It is sometimes called a sunburst

00:29:09because it feels like the rain is falling straight from our star.

00:29:12But let's be clear, it is impossible for rain to fall directly from the sun.

00:29:15Rain clouds are at a certain distance from where it rains.

00:29:18When the sun's rays are oriented in a certain way,

00:29:21the clouds are out of sight.

00:29:24Add a little wind to blow the rain in your direction

00:29:27and abracadabra!

00:29:30You get sunbursts.

00:29:33In Bolivia, there is a place called the Salar de Uyuni.

00:29:36It is the largest salt desert in the world,

00:29:39measuring about 10,580 square kilometers.

00:29:42This is also where half of the planet's lithium is located,

00:29:45a crucial element in the manufacture of batteries.

00:29:48But what else is so special about this place?

00:29:51Every time the rainy season arrives,

00:29:54it transforms this flat land into a mirrored lake,

00:29:57perfectly reflective.

00:30:00What comes to mind when you hear about a blood cascade?

00:30:03A horror movie?

00:30:06Well, it is simply a series of waterfalls

00:30:09located in one of the driest regions of Antarctica.

00:30:12They emerge from an underground lake filled with a certain type of bacteria.

00:30:15These small organisms use sulfates as nutrients

00:30:18instead of sugar, which makes them fascinating for scientists.

00:30:22The water contained in this lake is so saturated with iron

00:30:25that it simply rusts in contact with the air.

00:30:28Hence the reddish color of the waterfall, which is worth its name.

00:30:31OK, we all know the song

00:30:34Sting's Desert Rose, but it is not totally imaginary.

00:30:37There is indeed a thing called the sand rose.

00:30:40It is not a plant, but a unique formation of gypsum.

00:30:43It develops in dry and sandy places

00:30:46that can occasionally be flooded.

00:30:49This constant passage between a wet and dry environment

00:30:52allows the crystals of gypsum to emerge between the grains of sand

00:30:55imprisoning them in a form of rose.

00:30:58Have you ever heard of the eye of Africa?

00:31:01Scientists always try to understand how it was formed.

00:31:04You can only see it if you fly over it,

00:31:07but it is actually a natural dome.

00:31:10Richard's structure was formed about 100 million years ago.

00:31:13And no, I was not there at the time.

00:31:16It has an approximate diameter of 40 km

00:31:19and consists of several concentric rings.

00:31:22The largest, or the central zone, measures about 30 km in diameter.

00:31:25Astronauts were among the first people to notice it

00:31:28and it has been studied extensively since.

00:31:31Even today, when astronauts land in Florida,

00:31:34they know they are almost home

00:31:37when they see the eye of Africa.

00:31:40One of the most beautifully colored trees in the world

00:31:43is found in the Philippines and Indonesia.

00:31:46It is called the rainbow eucalyptus.

00:31:49It owes its name to its bark, which changes color

00:31:52and detaches as the tree ages.

00:31:55The greenish-green bark is the youngest

00:31:58because it is full of chlorophyll, which is usually found in the leaves.

00:32:01It then turns purple and then red.

00:32:04Finally, it turns brown as it grows and loses its chlorophyll.

00:32:07Don't get the illusion that there is a whole forest here.

00:32:10In fact, it is a single tree.

00:32:13And no, it is not a kind of optical illusion either.

00:32:16Let me explain.

00:32:19Under the ground, there is a complex network of roots

00:32:22that connects about 47,000 trees that emerge from the ground.

00:32:25It is called the faux-tremble poplar.

00:32:28Some of these trees are part of the oldest

00:32:31and largest organisms in the world.

00:32:34This is a good destination for all travelers.

00:32:37But it is not as good as that.

00:32:40The area most frequently affected by lightning in the world,

00:32:43according to recent data published by NASA,

00:32:46is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.

00:32:49On average, every day of the year, 300 thunderstorms occur in this place.

00:32:52But what makes this region so unique

00:32:55that thunderstorms occur so often?

00:32:58Well, it is because it is there that the cool air of the mountains

00:33:01meets the hot and humid breeze of the lake,

00:33:04The falls of the eternal flame

00:33:07are located in the north of the state of New York,

00:33:10near the Canadian border.

00:33:13In this region, there is a tiny waterfall that hides a great secret,

00:33:16a grassland of fire about 20 cm high.

00:33:19It turns out that a natural gas leak

00:33:22feeds the flame behind this waterfall.

00:33:25The waterfall, on the other hand, provides enough cover

00:33:28for it to remain lit almost all the time.

00:33:31This phenomenon is quite common,

00:33:34but this example has gained popularity

00:33:37because it is more recent than most.

00:33:40And it is very beautiful in the photos, let's be honest.

00:33:43I have heard of yellow sand, white sand,

00:33:46and even black sand here and there,

00:33:49but I had never heard of green beaches until now.

00:33:52Papacoela, also known as Greensand Beach,

00:33:55is located in Hawaii and is one of the rare beaches in the world

00:33:58to present green sand.

00:34:01This unique color comes from the olivine rock

00:34:04that formed during the eruption of a nearby volcano.

00:34:07And to tell the truth, in Hawaii, it is not the volcanoes that are missing.

00:34:10Forget the green sand, because some other beaches in the world

00:34:13can even shine at night, and it is completely natural.

00:34:16The responsible, a little thing called phytoplankton,

00:34:19or microalgae, as they are sometimes called.

00:34:22These are actually small plants that contain chlorophyll

00:34:26and need sunlight to live and develop.

00:34:29Most types of phytoplankton are able to float

00:34:32in the upper part of the ocean,

00:34:35where sunlight can still reach them underwater.

00:34:38When the phytoplankton is agitated by the movement of waves and currents,

00:34:41it emits light, which gives the impression that some shine during the night.

00:34:44These particular microorganisms are found

00:34:47on the beaches of many places in the world,

00:34:50such as the Maldives, Puerto Rico and the Everglades.

00:34:53At the foot of a mountain located near Afton,

00:34:56in Wyoming, is a small river called

00:34:59Intermittent Source.

00:35:02There are only a few of them in the whole world.

00:35:05But what makes this little stream of water so mysterious?

00:35:08Maybe the fact that it starts and stops every few minutes.

00:35:11Scientists have not yet found the precise reason for this phenomenon.

00:35:14They think it is simply a siphon effect

00:35:17that occurs in the depths of the ground

00:35:20when the river starts and stops frequently.

00:35:23If you want to take a look at it,

00:35:26make sure to do so at the end of the summer,

00:35:29because it is at this moment that the Intermittent Source is the most active.

00:35:32Well, for once, it's just a way of speaking.

00:35:35In Russia, on the shores of the Baltic Sea,

00:35:38there is an enigmatic national park.

00:35:41The Dancing Forest is a place

00:35:44that no scientist has managed to explain so far.

00:35:48This forest has only existed since the early 1960s,

00:35:51the time when trees were planted

00:35:54to make the sand of the dunes of this area more stable.

00:35:57According to one theory, it is the lack of stability of the soil

00:36:00that would have caused the deformation of the pine trees.

00:36:03Other theories put these twisted trees

00:36:06on the account of the power of the winds or even of supernatural forces.

00:36:09According to some, positive and negative energies

00:36:12would converge in the forest, causing these strange shapes.

00:36:15By the way, in the circle of a tree,

00:36:18we add a year to its life, or that we can make a wish.

00:36:21I like this legend.

00:36:24And since we are talking about strange trees,

00:36:27there is one that grows in the region of Piedmont in Italy.

00:36:30If you travel, you will see a cherry tree that grew at the top of a wall.

00:36:33And the strangest thing is that the two trees are in perfect health.

00:36:36A permanent storm rages in the north pole of Saturn,

00:36:39and its shape is very strange.

00:36:43The total length of this cloud configuration is 14,500 km,

00:36:46which represents about 1,900 km more

00:36:49than the diameter of the Earth.

00:36:52We have been observing this hexagon for years,

00:36:55but the most mysterious thing is that it changes color.

00:36:58It was once turquoise, and it has recently taken a golden hue.

00:37:01The reason for this change in color is that the pole

00:37:04is progressively exposed to sunlight

00:37:07as the seasons change.

00:37:10This is not uncommon in Oakville, in the state of Washington.

00:37:13But the one that fell one day in the form of frost clouds

00:37:16is still to this day without a precise explanation.

00:37:19We witnessed this strange rain on an area of about 58 km2.

00:37:22Those who approached it later felt symptoms

00:37:25similar to those of the flu.

00:37:28So what were these clouds?

00:37:31Scientists claimed that they contained human white blood cells.

00:37:34Subsequent tests, however, denied the presence

00:37:37of any characteristic of lococytes.

00:37:40Some then said that they could be evaporated jellyfish

00:37:43or even waste from a airliner.

00:37:46Sliding stones, also called moving stones,

00:37:49move alone in the National Park of the Valley of Death in California,

00:37:52leaving long traces in the earth and sand on their way.

00:37:55Several accelerated sequences have been carried out

00:37:58to testify to the strange phenomenon.

00:38:01Scientists have even installed GPS navigators on certain stones

00:38:04to demonstrate their considerable speed.

00:38:07According to several researchers, these movements are due to thin layers of ice

00:38:10that form during the night in the valley

00:38:13and slide the stones before melting during the day.

00:38:16But maybe someone is just listening to the Rolling Stones in the corner.

00:38:19No, probably not.

00:38:22The crater of Batagaika in Siberia

00:38:25looks like the entrance to hell.

00:38:28It is about 1 km long and more than 86 m deep.

00:38:31But it keeps on growing.

00:38:34The deeper it gets, the more it exposes its underground layers.

00:38:37These strata tell us what our planet looked like thousands of years ago.

00:38:40And the depressions tell us about the climates of the past.

00:38:43The crater appeared in the 1960s

00:38:46on the occasion of a rapid deforestation.

00:38:49Trees no longer shed shade on the ground and the heat has increased.

00:38:52The melting of the permafrost has then led to the formation of the crater.

00:38:55The burgeoning of Taos in New Mexico

00:38:58has been driving the inhabitants of this city crazy

00:39:01since the 1990s.

00:39:07This low-frequency noise deprives people of sleep and exhausts them.

00:39:10Scientists have tried to find the source of this burgeoning

00:39:13in wine so far.

00:39:16Various burgeons have also been heard in the United Kingdom,

00:39:19Australia, Canada and in other regions of the United States.

00:39:22Fortunately, only 2% of the world's population

00:39:25is able to hear them.

00:39:28Their cause is attributed to mechanical devices,

00:39:31to various disturbances in the auditory system and even to certain animals.

00:39:34The burgeoning of West Seattle, for example,

00:39:37has been attributed to toadfish.

00:39:40The circle of fairies, also known as the ring of witches

00:39:43or the annular mycelium,

00:39:46is a mysterious circular formation of mushrooms

00:39:49that appears in meadows and forest areas.

00:39:53According to some superstitions,

00:39:56the dancing fairies would burn the soil,

00:39:59which would cause a rapid mushroom growth.

00:40:02In Costa Rica, we discovered a set of about 300 megalithic spheres.

00:40:05The inhabitants call them las bolas,

00:40:08which simply means balls in French.

00:40:11These stones are almost perfectly round.

00:40:14Some of them are huge, weighing up to 16 tons.

00:40:17In addition, they are made of different materials,

00:40:20such as limestone and chalk.

00:40:23They were once placed just in front of the chiefs' residence,

00:40:26but their origin is still unknown.

00:40:29Some claim that these stones are native to the Atlantic.

00:40:32If you go to see the Mekong at the end of October,

00:40:35you will have the chance to see light balls

00:40:38rise from the water and rise in the air.

00:40:41The inhabitants of the region call these light balls

00:40:44fireballs of the Nagas.

00:40:47A fireball is as big as a basketball.

00:40:50There can be dozens or even thousands of balls every night.

00:40:53Scientists have no precise explanation for this phenomenon,

00:40:56but it could be due to the flammable gas

00:40:59released by the swamps.

00:41:02Some superstitious inhabitants think

00:41:05they are due to a giant snake that lives in the river.

00:41:08In Minnesota, on the northern shore of Lake Superior,

00:41:11there is a park known to house the Devil's Kettle.

00:41:14It is a waterfall that splits in two.

00:41:17A part of the river continues,

00:41:20while the other part disappears into a hole in the ground.

00:41:23If you throw an object into the Devil's Kettle,

00:41:26it will not reappear.

00:41:29Scientists still don't know where the water that falls into the hole goes.

00:41:32The Devil's Kettle is considered dangerous

00:41:35because it is almost impossible to trace its course.

00:41:38And yes, not the best place to do tubbing.

00:41:42Females come out of the water and climb on the shore.

00:41:45They sink their tails into the sand to lay eggs.

00:41:48After fertilization by the males, the eggs remain hidden in the sand.

00:41:51The high tide arrives and carries the hatchlings to the sea.

00:41:54Scientists still can't explain this way of reproduction.

00:41:57The inhabitants of the countryside in the center of Norway,

00:42:00at the top of the Dæsdalen Valley,

00:42:03can often see white, yellow and red floating lights

00:42:06crossing the sky.

00:42:09These lights appear day and night.

00:42:12In the 1980s, they were even seen

00:42:15between 15 and 20 times in a single week.

00:42:18The Dæsdalen lights can last a few seconds

00:42:21and sometimes more than an hour.

00:42:24The lights move, seem to float or even swing.

00:42:27Some scientists think that it is ionized iron dust

00:42:30that is at the origin of these lights.

00:42:33Others say that the phenomenon is due to a combustion of sodium, oxygen and hydrogen.

00:42:36Most people think it's just a plane.

00:42:39Yellowstone Park has a famous boiling lake,

00:42:42but it is not the only place in the world where the water is naturally boiling.

00:42:45At the bottom of the Amazon,

00:42:48there is the Chanay-Timpishka River,

00:42:516.5 km long and hot all the time.

00:42:54Its name means, boiled by the sun.

00:42:57In fact, it is not really boiling,

00:43:00but it can reach 91 ° C, enough to cook pasta.

00:43:03Did you know?

00:43:06The lowest temperature there is about 45 ° C.

00:43:09This phenomenon is inexplicable

00:43:12since the river would have to be near a volcano

00:43:15for the water to reach such a temperature.

00:43:18However, the closest volcano is 640 km away.

00:43:21Another possibility, an underground fault.

00:43:24In the west of Venezuela,

00:43:27people living near the Catatumbo river are not afraid of lightning

00:43:30It starts around 7 p.m. and does not stop before dawn.

00:43:33The eternal lightning of the Catatumbo

00:43:36stopped once for a few months,

00:43:39from January to March 2010.

00:43:42It was probably due to drought,

00:43:45or maybe there was no more electricity.

00:43:48In 1991, a scientist suggested that the phenomenon

00:43:51occurred due to the meeting of cold and hot air currents in the region.

00:43:54According to another theory,

00:43:58Speaking of lightning, I have to go, bye!

00:44:03Rocks that swallow the slopes of a volcanic eruption,

00:44:06which grow other larger rocks on their way

00:44:09and which end up falling into the ocean in a huge waterfall,

00:44:12causing a wave of a height never seen before.

00:44:15This is what could happen

00:44:18if the Ilina Slump of the great island of Hawaii fell into the water.

00:44:21The Kilauea volcano is far from being asleep.

00:44:24The last eruption took place in 2018.

00:44:27These eruptions are usually accompanied by earthquakes

00:44:30of different magnitudes, and at each earthquake,

00:44:33the magma rocks on the slopes of the volcano move down.

00:44:36These rock formations are called slumps,

00:44:39and the Ilina Slump is the best known of them.

00:44:42In 1868, the collapse of this slump

00:44:45caused a tidal wave of 18 meters high.

00:44:48But the most disturbing thing is that about 110,000 years ago,

00:44:51a landslide caused one of the most powerful earthquakes

00:44:54ever recorded,

00:44:57which in turn caused a mega-tsunami

00:45:00of more than 300 meters high.

00:45:03Scientists fear that such an event will not happen again in the future.

00:45:06If it did, the wave could swallow all of Hawaii

00:45:09and easily reach the coasts of North and South America.

00:45:12However, geologists are in a hurry to reassure people

00:45:15by explaining that such a landslide is unlikely

00:45:18in the near future.

00:45:21It is simply too early for that.

00:45:24But when it happens, the consequences will be catastrophic.

00:45:27Have a good day.

00:45:30Yellowstone National Park in the west of the United States

00:45:33is famous all over the world for its dazzling landscapes,

00:45:36and in particular for the Grand Prismatic Spring,

00:45:39which is located in its heart.

00:45:42But we must all be aware that Yellowstone

00:45:45is in fact a sleeping supervolcano.

00:45:48The difference between an ordinary volcano,

00:45:51like the Kilauea of other times, and a supervolcano

00:45:54is that the latter is thousands of times more powerful.

00:45:57Imagine an eruption spitting out tons of huge rocks

00:46:00and rivers of lava in fusion, pumping ashes

00:46:03that make countries stop air travel for weeks.

00:46:06And now, multiply all this by a thousand.

00:46:09This is what an eruption in Yellowstone would look like.

00:46:13At first, a huge area in the middle of the National Park would tremble,

00:46:16collapse, and then be propelled upwards

00:46:19in an explosion of several megatons.

00:46:22Lava flows and magmatic rocks would cover

00:46:25an area of about 100 square kilometers,

00:46:28half of Washington DC.

00:46:31But the biggest danger is volcanic ash.

00:46:34The ash panning would rise to kilometers above

00:46:37and be carried away by the wind in all directions.

00:46:40In an ordinary volcano, the distance of propagation

00:46:43and the damage would also be much greater than usual.

00:46:46The ash is thick and heavy, so that it would cover

00:46:49a vast area, destroying crops and even buildings.

00:46:52Worse still, it would spread in the air

00:46:55and block the sun, causing a drastic decrease

00:46:58in temperature and an artificial winter.

00:47:01Even regular volcanoes can lower global temperatures

00:47:04by a few degrees. A supervolcano can potentially

00:47:07cause a new ice age.

00:47:10Fortunately, the chances of a supervolcano

00:47:13erupting in the near or far future are extremely low.

00:47:16There have only been 3 in the history of the Earth,

00:47:19and nothing indicates that such a disaster should occur.

00:47:22Scientists estimate the probability

00:47:25at 0.00014%,

00:47:28which is less than the chance that an asteroid

00:47:31will destroy us all.

00:47:34If dinosaurs could talk,

00:47:37and if they were alive by the way,

00:47:40they would tell you that the threat of asteroids is quite real.

00:47:43NASA scientists claim to have followed 90%

00:47:46of all large-scale geocrossing asteroids,

00:47:49and none of them is worrying.

00:47:52But there are still 10%.

00:47:55In addition, asteroids can change their trajectory

00:47:58due to the attraction exerted by other celestial bodies

00:48:01If a fairly large asteroid,

00:48:04of the order of 1.6 km, touches the Earth,

00:48:07it will first cause a rather powerful explosion

00:48:10to raze a dozen large cities in a few seconds.

00:48:13Then, the impact will raise a cloud of dust and debris

00:48:16that will block the sun, just like the cloud of ash of a volcano,

00:48:19and will cause a winter of several centuries on the entire planet.

00:48:22But even if it falls into the ocean,

00:48:25which is more likely, the resulting wave will rise

00:48:29sweeping coastal cities from the surface of the planet.

00:48:32But at least there will be no new ice age.

00:48:35Although scientists are practically certain

00:48:38that such a threat does not exist in the near future,

00:48:41we cannot exclude it completely,

00:48:44and humanity needs at least 5 years to prepare for this event.

00:48:47If a large asteroid close to the Earth suddenly changes its trajectory

00:48:50and heads straight for our planet,

00:48:53we will have no chance against it.

00:48:56A much more likely calamity, however,

00:48:59lies just under our feet.

00:49:02It is the fault of San Andreas, in California.

00:49:05The fault has been about to collapse for years now,

00:49:08and scientists estimate that a tremor of this type

00:49:11is likely to occur in the next three decades.

00:49:14And when it happens, it will not be nice to see.

00:49:17It is expected to have a magnitude of 8,

00:49:20which is comparable to some of the most devastating tremors in history.

00:49:23California is home to some of the most populous cities

00:49:26in the west of the United States, including Los Angeles and San Francisco.

00:49:29High-rise buildings are common there,

00:49:32and they are particularly vulnerable to underground earthquakes.

00:49:35The San Andreas earthquake could cause a lot of damage

00:49:38in cities and countrysides.

00:49:41In the worst case, the ground could break,

00:49:44destroying buildings, farms, and completely changing the landscape.

00:49:47However, scientists believe that the probability

00:49:50of such an earthquake is only 7%

00:49:53for the next 30 years.

00:49:56So there is a good chance, 93%,

00:49:59that we will never see it in our lifetime.

00:50:02However, there is another risk of an earthquake

00:50:05not so far from the previous one, the Chilean mega-earthquake.

00:50:08The country is just above the subduction zone,

00:50:11an area where two tectonic plates meet and overlap.

00:50:14At the meeting point,

00:50:17earthquakes accumulate due to their continuous movement.

00:50:20And once this tension is too strong,

00:50:23a major earthquake occurs.

00:50:26Chile has experienced many earthquakes in recent years,

00:50:29and scientists are concerned that these are not the preparations

00:50:32for an earthquake of a much larger scale.

00:50:35They think that a major earthquake is expected before the end of the century,

00:50:38and that it could be devastating for the coastal area.

00:50:41Even smaller earthquakes have caused tsunamis

00:50:44that have flooded the west coast,

00:50:47and a huge earthquake like this one

00:50:50is likely to raise a wave of an incredible height.

00:50:53The positive side is that Chile now knows

00:50:56that it must prepare in advance for future natural disasters.

00:50:59And geologists are practically sure

00:51:02that people will be able to evacuate before the earthquake strikes.

00:51:05In September 1859, astronomer Richard Carrington

00:51:08looked at the sun when he suddenly saw a luminous eruption

00:51:11at its surface.

00:51:14He took note of it, but only realized the importance of this eruption a few days later.

00:51:17The energy of this eruption hit the Earth

00:51:20and hit it directly, causing the appearance of aurora borealis

00:51:23above Cuba and burning telegraph lines all over the world.

00:51:26This was what was called the Carrington event,

00:51:29a solar storm.

00:51:32Such storms hit the Earth quite often,

00:51:35but none were as powerful as the Carrington event,

00:51:39but in 2012, astronomers recorded a similar solar eruption

00:51:42whose energy almost hit our planet once again.

00:51:45If it had taken place a week earlier,

00:51:48we would have had big problems.

00:51:51Today, humanity depends on electricity in almost all aspects of life,

00:51:54and a powerful solar storm would disrupt the Earth's electromagnetic field a lot.

00:51:57All electrical devices would stop or short-circuit,

00:52:00and the huge transformers, which feed practically everything,

00:52:03would break down for good.

00:52:07It would take years to repair them,

00:52:10and the cost of such a massive breakdown would amount to billions of dollars.

00:52:13The worst is that science is almost unable to predict solar storms,

00:52:16and even if we could know them in advance,

00:52:19we could not stop them.

00:52:22The eruption occurs in a few seconds,

00:52:25and it takes about 8 minutes for the particles to reach the Earth's atmosphere,

00:52:28causing disturbances.

00:52:31The power outage would occur a little later,

00:52:34when a massive plasma cloud would reach our planet.

00:52:37At the moment, there is no protection against solar storms,

00:52:40and the chances that there is a powerful enough one

00:52:43to cut off all our electricity in the coming years are quite high,

00:52:46about 12%.

00:52:49The only positive point in all this is that we now know this possibility,

00:52:52and that we can at least prepare for it in advance.

00:52:55Do not forget to take underwear and socks,

00:52:58it is always useful.

00:53:02Have you ever wondered what was the longest period of rain without interruption?

00:53:05Even an hour of rain can be a big deal

00:53:08if you hang out in a dry place like the Atacama Desert in South America.

00:53:11It can be a record for this kind of place,

00:53:14but in very rainy regions like the Amazon forest,

00:53:1740 days of rain in a row,

00:53:20no one will remember.

00:53:23Interestingly, we only have precipitation data

00:53:26where people follow it.

00:53:30And then, there are a lot of uninhabited places on Earth,

00:53:33like tropical forests or the ocean.

00:53:36Our knowledge of precipitation is therefore a bit unequal.

00:53:39If we want to talk about records,

00:53:42Hawaii has a few.

00:53:45People there live long days under the rain,

00:53:48especially on islands where the winds blow towards the mountains.

00:53:51From 1939 to 1940, they recorded 331 days in a row

00:53:54with measurable precipitation.

00:53:57If you are the type to look at the rain behind your window

00:54:00with a cup of tea, it will seem ideal to you.

00:54:03But we all need to see the sun at least from time to time.

00:54:06Taking a little sun is good for the body and the mind.

00:54:09It allows you to absorb vitamin D.

00:54:125 to 15 minutes of sun a few times a week

00:54:15can make a big difference to you.

00:54:18And, have you ever heard the expression,

00:54:21sunny mood?

00:54:24We get depressed when there is not a lot of sun around us.

00:54:27Sunny days make us happy.

00:54:30The sun stimulates serotonin, which fights blues.

00:54:33And this solar serotonin does not only help your mood.

00:54:36It also helps you sleep.

00:54:39And it's also a heart assistant.

00:54:42When the sun touches your skin, your body releases nitric oxide,

00:54:45which lowers your blood pressure.

00:54:48With a healthy blood pressure, we have a healthier heart.

00:54:51But what about people who have had to endure

00:54:54881 consecutive days of rain?

00:54:57Yes, the record has been set.

00:55:00Almost 3 full years of rain.

00:55:03It went from 1913 to 1916 in Onomumaki, Hawaii.

00:55:06It rained like never before.

00:55:09The region, as you may know, is a humid tropical forest.

00:55:12How do clouds create rain?

00:55:15Rain occurs when moist air rises in the sky and cools down a bit.

00:55:18These droplets collide with each other and form a cloudy cloud.

00:55:21After that, inside this cloud,

00:55:24things become more fun.

00:55:27The air, moving, can sometimes make these droplets collide with each other

00:55:30and thicken these clouds.

00:55:33They can then turn into ice crystals at the top of the cloud,

00:55:36where it is cold.

00:55:39These ice droplets then become quite heavy

00:55:42and crumble and turn into rain.

00:55:45Rain can come from all kinds of storms.

00:55:48Storms appear, soak everything, then continue their way.

00:55:51They can pour tons of rain in a blink of an eye.

00:55:54Winter storms, on the other hand, are calmer.

00:55:57They stay there for days and pour a thin rain

00:56:00or even snow if it's cold enough.

00:56:03The weather is like us, it has its moods.

00:56:06But nature knows how to balance things.

00:56:09After the storm comes the sun and the air dries up

00:56:12we can enjoy the clear sky.

00:56:15But things can become interesting if you are in a mountainous area

00:56:18close to the ocean.

00:56:21When the humid air of the sea reaches the mountains,

00:56:24it is forced to climb them,

00:56:27which creates precipitations that sometimes last weeks.

00:56:30What if I told you that there was a time on Earth

00:56:33when the rain fell continuously for 2 million years

00:56:36and completely changed the fate of the planet?

00:56:40I was not yet born, but I read articles on the subject.

00:56:43The Triassic began, marked by a long period of precipitation.

00:56:46This phenomenon is now called the most vile episode of the Carnian.

00:56:49It is not me who has decided on this name.

00:56:52Recent studies, tested by evidence,

00:56:55suggest that in fact the fate of the planet has not been upset

00:56:58and that there was, in fact, coal combustion

00:57:01and no continuous rain.

00:57:04This is what breaks a solid myth.

00:57:07A good thing done.

00:57:10Then we have the colonial joints.

00:57:13A sophisticated term to designate the funny patterns

00:57:16that form in the lava flows,

00:57:19the layers, the digs and other rocky elements.

00:57:22There are all shapes and sizes.

00:57:25Most are in the form of straight and parallel columns.

00:57:28Others have curves and variable widths.

00:57:31They can reach a height of 3,000 cm.

00:57:34What?

00:57:37These columns are formed by pressure and cooling.

00:57:40When the lava cools,

00:57:43it shrinks and cracks.

00:57:46Once a crack has formed, the lava moves.

00:57:49These cracks spread over the surface of the flow.

00:57:52Water seeps into the lava,

00:57:55which makes it cool quickly starting from the surface, creating these patterns.

00:57:58The Devil's Postpile, in California,

00:58:01is a must-visit place if you want to see colonial joints.

00:58:04But hey, you can find them everywhere in the world.

00:58:07Open your eyes.

00:58:10The show is going to be magical.

00:58:13The arcs in the sky of fire, also called circumhorizontal arcs,

00:58:16look like flames dancing on the clouds.

00:58:19To see these magnificent things, you need Cirrus

00:58:22and also that the sun is at least 58 degrees high.

00:58:25This is a collaboration between sunlight and clouds.

00:58:28Let's see this in more detail.

00:58:31Take London, for example.

00:58:34The city is about 51 degrees north.

00:58:37So, sorry Londoners, no arc in the sky of fire for you.

00:58:40Now, let's go to the deep waters

00:58:43to see the underwater culture circles.

00:58:46These are circular, giant patterns,

00:58:49discovered in 1995 near the southern coast of Japan.

00:58:52The inhabitants have been disconcerted.

00:58:56As if the ocean had a secret talent for sculpture on sand.

00:58:59The mystery was solved in 2011.

00:59:02The improbable artist turned out to be

00:59:05a tiny globefish barely 13 centimeters long.

00:59:08Researchers have discovered that males spend

00:59:11between 7 and 9 days building their circles

00:59:14by swimming and using their fins

00:59:17to dig valleys in the sandy soil.

00:59:20They decorate the peaks of their creations

00:59:23by transforming their sculptures into masterpieces.

00:59:26Okay, they don't do it for the love of art.

00:59:29These circles have a function.

00:59:32The sandy center of the circle serves as a nest.

00:59:35By swimming, the males stir all this

00:59:38and it attracts the sand exactly to the desired place.

00:59:41When a female globefish goes swimming,

00:59:44the male flutters and dances,

00:59:47making the sand swirl around him.

00:59:51And that's a happy ending.

00:59:54Now let's look at the thyme flowers.

00:59:57You may have already seen thin ice sheets

01:00:00that look like petals and that sometimes

01:00:03emerge from the stems of plants.

01:00:06They are about as thick as a credit card.

01:00:09They form when it is cold,

01:00:12the soil is wet but not frozen,

01:00:15and the stems of the plants are not.

01:00:18Here's how it happens.

01:00:21The water contained in the stem of a plant is extracted from the ground.

01:00:24When it freezes, it expands and splits the stem vertically.

01:00:27In contact with the cold air, it turns into ice.

01:00:30As the water is sucked in by the slit,

01:00:33it continues to grow into very thin layers of ice.

01:00:36The length of the crack determines

01:00:39whether the thyme flower will look like a thin ribbon or a wide ribbon.

01:00:42And the way it wraps and forms into petals is random.

01:00:45The reason could be the difference in friction

01:00:48along the sides of the slit.

01:00:51These thyme flowers are unique and delicate,

01:00:54and they don't last long, they disappear more quickly.

01:00:57To spot them, keep an eye on tall grass,

01:01:00especially in shallow places.

01:01:03Giant vernoni, walls, verbesina virginica

01:01:06are good candidates.

01:01:11In 2009, residents of Ishikawa in Japan

01:01:14saw a type of rain that no one had ever seen before.

01:01:17It was raining tetars.

01:01:20The first explanation was that the wind that day was so strong

01:01:23that it had lifted and carried all these tetars into the air.

01:01:26The second explanation was that big birds, like seagulls,

01:01:29had simply let them fly to their nest.

01:01:32Some scientists think that these creatures were lifted from the ground

01:01:35by a seabed and that they fell back into the rain later.

01:01:38Besides, that day, people had found not only tetars,

01:01:41but also fish instead of the usual puddles of water.

01:01:44And yes, it can also rain worms.

01:01:47Some people even claim to have seen snake rains.

01:01:50Help!

01:01:53It was in the spring of 1876 in the county of Bath, Kentucky.

01:01:56Mrs. Crouch was making soap in the yard of her house

01:01:59when she suddenly noticed that it had started to rain meat.

01:02:02It was not minced meat, but large pieces of meat

01:02:057.5 cm in diameter that fell directly on her.

01:02:08She had enough courage to taste this meat of unknown origin

01:02:11and to say that it tasted like lamb or deer.

01:02:14But they were not gastronomic experts because it was actually beef.

01:02:17Similar phenomena have also been reported in Europe.

01:02:20And the only logical explanation for these meat aversions

01:02:23is that the raptors that fly over the country

01:02:26sometimes drop pieces of their lunch.

01:02:29Without this, their body is lighter and they fly more easily.

01:02:32As I would like it to rain one day.

01:02:35This is the city of Washington.

01:02:38But the strange aversion that one day fell on its inhabitants

01:02:41has not always been explained.

01:02:44Instead of the usual rain drops, people saw translucent balls

01:02:47resembling frost, falling from the sky.

01:02:50Their presence was attested on about 50 square kilometers.

01:02:53Those who approached this strange rain

01:02:56said they felt sick the next day.

01:02:59Scientists studied these drops and realized

01:03:02that they could be evaporated jelly

01:03:05or simply waste from a commercial aircraft.

01:03:08A very similar thing happened in 2012 in Dorset, United Kingdom.

01:03:11During a hail storm,

01:03:14people found balls of gelatin in the middle of hail.

01:03:17Researchers collected these glowing balls

01:03:20and stored them in a refrigerator to study them later.

01:03:23But it turned out that it was not necessary

01:03:26because they did not melt at room temperature.

01:03:30The first explanation was that they were eggs of an aquatic animal

01:03:33transported by birds in the sky.

01:03:36Subsequent tests revealed that the gelatin substance

01:03:39was a chemical product used to waterproof

01:03:42many commercial items, such as cables.

01:03:45Australia is famous for its spiders and for scaring people.

01:03:48These have even learned to rain.

01:03:51Spiders' rains are quite common in Australia

01:03:54and they are due to a mode of movement called ballooning.

01:03:57When the weather is humid,

01:04:00hundreds of spiders climb to shelter themselves.

01:04:03It is said that when it rains or snows,

01:04:06it is possible to see spiders floating with their web

01:04:09like little mongolians.

01:04:12If you ever go to the Mekong,

01:04:15you will probably have the chance to see glowing balls

01:04:18come out of the water and rise in the air.

01:04:21Residents call them the fireballs of the Nagas.

01:04:24Their size can vary.

01:04:27They can be as small as a cherry and as large as a watermelon.

01:04:30At night, you can see dozens and sometimes even thousands of fireballs.

01:04:33Scientists do not yet know how to explain this phenomenon,

01:04:36but it is probably flammable gas released by the swampy environment.

01:04:39However, a local superstition claims that all this

01:04:42is due to a giant snake that lives in the river.

01:04:45The marine storm is a tornado that does not occur on land but on water.

01:04:48The speed of this storm can be very high.

01:04:51The water is sucked in and partially pulled up.

01:04:54Even fish and turtles are drawn into the air.

01:04:57In fact, the rain of fish can also be explained by this meteorological phenomenon.

01:05:00The same thing can happen with snow.

01:05:03But it is really rare.

01:05:06There are only six photos of snowdrifts,

01:05:09of which four have been taken in Ontario.

01:05:12This meteorological phenomenon requires that the water is hot enough to produce fog

01:05:15and that the air temperature is very low. It is almost impossible.

01:05:18The water is red, the sky is blue.

01:05:21I look nice with my eyes. Not bad, huh?

01:05:24But the fact is that the lava is not always red.

01:05:27You can have proof by looking at the one that flows from the Kawah Ijen volcano,

01:05:30located in Indonesia.

01:05:33It has a characteristic red color during the day,

01:05:36but at night it is tinted with a luminous blue.

01:05:39No mystery in there, just tons of sulfuric acid.

01:05:42The crater of this volcano also contains the largest acid lake in the world.

01:05:45You probably already understood that this is not recommended.

01:05:48The fire of this volcano is also blue.

01:05:51And it is the largest blue fire in the world.

01:05:54It can reach up to 5 meters high.

01:05:57In some places, the water can look like glass.

01:06:00The white salt lakes look like windows or even entrances to an underground world.

01:06:03They owe their appearance to the evaporation of salt.

01:06:06These lakes are found in France and India.

01:06:09But the salt lakes of Kargil, in the region of the San Francisco Bay,

01:06:12are even more amazing because of their bright colors.

01:06:15The shades vary.

01:06:18You will see deep blue, lawn green, orange, scarlet red, vermilion,

01:06:21and even magenta.

01:06:24These color differences are due to the salinity rate

01:06:27and the tiny microorganisms that live in these lakes.

01:06:30On the shore of the Baltic Sea, in the district of Kaliningrad, Russia,

01:06:33there is an enigmatic national park called the Dancing Forest.

01:06:36The breads are all twisted and twisted.

01:06:39It was discovered in the early 1960s when the breads were planted

01:06:42to make the sand of the dunes of this area a little more stable.

01:06:45It is probably the instability of the sand that caused these trees to grow like this.

01:06:48Another reason could be the power of the winds.

01:06:51Some people say that all this is linked to a supernatural phenomenon.

01:06:54They say that this forest is a place where positive and negative energies meet.

01:06:57Residents believe that if someone climbs one of the rings of these trees,

01:07:00it will add an additional year to his life.

01:07:04The swarming of Taos in New Mexico

01:07:07has made the inhabitants of this city crazy since the 1990s.

01:07:10Such low-frequency swarming does not allow you to sleep normally.

01:07:13Scientists have tried to find the source of the swarming,

01:07:16but they have failed.

01:07:19They have attributed it to mechanical devices and even to animals.

01:07:22The swarming of West Shetland, for example, was linked to fish.

01:07:25Different variations of the swarming have also been heard in the United Kingdom,

01:07:28in Australia, and in some countries of the world.

01:07:31Fortunately, only about 2% of the world's population can hear it.

01:07:34Noctilucent clouds, or luminous nocturnal clouds, are very rare,

01:07:37because first of all, they only form in summer.

01:07:40And secondly, they can only be seen at latitudes between 50 and 70 degrees,

01:07:43in the north and in the south.

01:07:46To see these clouds, the sun must already be below the horizon.

01:07:49But the clouds must still be hit by the sun.

01:07:52This is possible for the highest clouds, which are located at about 80 km above sea level.

01:07:55In fact, these clouds are very small.

01:07:58The circles of fairies, also known as round witches,

01:08:01are enigmatic annual formation of mushrooms

01:08:04that appear in prairies and forest areas.

01:08:07Scientists do not know why these mushrooms manage to form almost perfect circles.

01:08:10But superstitious people claim that fairies would burn the ground by dancing,

01:08:13causing a rapid growth of the mushrooms around.

01:08:16In fact, it is partly true.

01:08:19It's just a myth.

01:08:22In fact, it's just a myth.

01:08:26In fact, it's partly true.

01:08:29These mushrooms grow in places where the grass is flat.

01:08:32The Amazon, one of the longest rivers on our planet,

01:08:35extends over 6,500 km,

01:08:38which represents a distance greater than that of New Delhi.

01:08:41But there is a river in South America that exceeds the Amazon twice.

01:08:44First, it is wider.

01:08:47Secondly, no one has ever seen it.

01:08:50It is the twin buried in the Amazon, the Rio Hamza.

01:08:54Scientists discovered it 10 years ago, in 2011.

01:08:57Do not blink or you will miss this rarest meteorological phenomenon.

01:09:00Red sprites are electric discharges in the sky

01:09:03that look a bit like auroras.

01:09:06They are super-powerful, about ten times more than ordinary lightning.

01:09:09But they only last a few seconds.

01:09:12They were photographed for the first time in 1989,

01:09:15and there are still very few photos and video recordings of these lightning.

01:09:18To make a video that can clearly show the red sprites,

01:09:21it would take about 7,000 images per second.

01:09:24Well, bye.

01:09:27The moon, our faithful friend.

01:09:30Our only companion in this large dark and cold space.

01:09:33It is not surprising that all the events associated with it,

01:09:36such as solar or lunar eclipses, fascinate us.

01:09:39But what about the black moon,

01:09:42the blue moon, the super moon?

01:09:45Have you ever heard of them?

01:09:48Let me tell you everything and explain to you how you can observe them.

01:09:51Prepare your calendars.

01:09:54The distance between the Earth and the Moon is 384,472 km.

01:09:57Yes, I measured it. It does not seem so far, does it?

01:10:00But believe me, most people greatly underestimate this distance.

01:10:03Did you know that all the planets in the solar system,

01:10:06including Jupiter and Saturn,

01:10:09could stand between the Moon and us?

01:10:12I couldn't believe it myself.

01:10:15That's why it's always facing us with one side.

01:10:18There are several phases in a lunar cycle.

01:10:21The new moon is the first phase.

01:10:24The sun illuminates the hidden phase of our satellite,

01:10:27so we can't see the moon.

01:10:30It is almost invisible in the sky.

01:10:33The crescent moon is the light part that gradually grows.

01:10:36The full moon is the phase during which the sun completely illuminates the visible phase.

01:10:39The descending moon is a progressive decline of the luminous part.

01:10:42And finally comes another new moon.

01:10:45And the entire cycle starts again.

01:10:48There are 29.5 days in a lunar cycle,

01:10:51so it takes about a month if we subtract the month of February.

01:10:54But why am I telling you all this?

01:10:57So that you can better understand the black moon.

01:11:00A rare astronomical event that occurs once every 29 months,

01:11:03that is, two and a half years.

01:11:06This term does not exist in astronomy.

01:11:09It is not official and has several meanings.

01:11:12The black moon can mean the second new moon in a month.

01:11:15Usually there is only one new moon per month,

01:11:18having two is therefore a rare phenomenon.

01:11:21This is due to a slight offset between the lunar cycle and the annual cycle of the Earth.

01:11:24A bit like the bisextile years.

01:11:27The black moon can also mean something else.

01:11:30For example, usually there are only three new moons per season.

01:11:33Basically, a new moon every 30 days.

01:11:37However, if there are four, the black moon means the third.

01:11:40There are also less popular meanings.

01:11:43For example, this is how people call the month of February

01:11:46when there are no new moons or full moons.

01:11:49This happens about once every 19 years.

01:11:52But what makes it so special?

01:11:55The satellite is entirely hidden in the sky during a normal new moon.

01:11:58But during a black moon, you can see its dark silhouette.

01:12:01You will have to choose a good place without light from the city.

01:12:05If you live in a big city, you will have trouble seeing it without a telescope.

01:12:08In addition, as the sky becomes black during this phenomenon,

01:12:11you will be able to see different constellations that were hidden before,

01:12:14as well as Jupiter and Venus.

01:12:17The last time this phenomenon occurred was on April 30, 2022.

01:12:20You could see it in most regions of the United States,

01:12:23with the exception of the Pacific time zones,

01:12:26Alaska or Hawaii.

01:12:29Yes, unfortunately, if this is the first time you hear about the black moon,

01:12:32you have already missed it.

01:12:35You will now have to wait another two and a half years.

01:12:38The next black moon will take place in September 2024,

01:12:41according to the standard method,

01:12:44and on May 19, 2023, according to the seasonal method.

01:12:47But don't worry,

01:12:50you will always be able to see another astronomical event.

01:12:53There was once a blue moon.

01:12:56I'm not kidding, I'm serious.

01:12:59Well, not literally, of course.

01:13:02The moon doesn't turn blue,

01:13:05it's just what astrologers call the second full moon in a month.

01:13:08The black and blue moons are similar by definition,

01:13:11but they are actually opposite.

01:13:14If the black moon is a second new rare moon in a month,

01:13:17the blue moon is a second rare full moon.

01:13:20They also occur both every 29 months.

01:13:23Not so rare, is it?

01:13:26The folklorist Philip Hiscock assumes that the term blue moon,

01:13:29in its calendar version,

01:13:32was invented by the Almanac of Maine farmers in 1937.

01:13:35Another interesting astronomical event is called the supermoon.

01:13:38Fill up your telescope and look for hills,

01:13:41because you will see an exceptionally bright and large moon,

01:13:44like the one we only see in the movies.

01:13:47What exactly does a supermoon mean?

01:13:50You see, the moon does not revolve around the Earth in a circular orbit.

01:13:54Its orbit is elliptical,

01:13:57and the place where it is closest to the Earth is called perigee.

01:14:00A supermoon is a phenomenon that occurs

01:14:03when the full moon coincides with the perigee.

01:14:06For this reason, it seems particularly large and bright.

01:14:09Its diameter is 14% larger,

01:14:12and it is 30% brighter than usual.

01:14:15In this regard, this phenomenon is often confused with the lunar illusion.

01:14:18During the lunar illusion,

01:14:21the moon is low above the horizon

01:14:24and appears to be visually larger.

01:14:27Of the 12 or 13 annual full moons,

01:14:303 or 4 are supermoons.

01:14:33But most of them are not very significant.

01:14:36You will probably not see any difference at all.

01:14:39The most interesting are the large and rare supermoons.

01:14:42During this one, the moon becomes really large.

01:14:45The last large supermoon occurred in 2016.

01:14:48The next one will occur only in 2034.

01:14:51But we can observe smaller supermoons quite frequently.

01:14:54In 2022, they will take place on June 14 and July 16.

01:14:57There is also an opposite phenomenon called micro-moon.

01:15:00You have probably already guessed what that means.

01:15:03It occurs when the full moon is at its farthest point from the Earth.

01:15:06This point is called apogee.

01:15:09The next micro-moon, in 2035,

01:15:12will occur in July.

01:15:16The next micro-moon, in 2022,

01:15:19will occur on June 29.

01:15:22In 2023, we will be able to observe it on January 7,

01:15:25February 5 and August 16.

01:15:28Of course, you don't have to follow each of these events.

01:15:31Most people are more interested in lunar and solar eclipses.

01:15:34By the way, are you one of the people who confuse these two events?

01:15:37Do the test.

01:15:40Pause this video. Describe what these two eclipses mean.

01:15:43Compare your answer with the correct definition.

01:15:46Are you back? Ok.

01:15:49So, a solar eclipse is a phenomenon

01:15:52where the Moon covers the Sun entirely or partially.

01:15:55A solar eclipse is possible only during the New Moon,

01:15:58when the Moon itself is not visible.

01:16:01Many people think that this event is incredibly rare,

01:16:04but it is not entirely true.

01:16:07A lunar eclipse is a phenomenon during which the Moon is completely

01:16:11The lunar eclipse can only occur during the full Moon,

01:16:14when the Moon is near the node of its orbit.

01:16:17If you guessed right, bravo!

01:16:20Otherwise, don't worry. Many people confuse them.

01:16:23In 2022, a partial solar eclipse will take place on October 25.

01:16:26It will be visible in Europe,

01:16:29in South and West Asia, in North and East Africa

01:16:32and in the Atlantic.

01:16:35As I mentioned, a total solar eclipse is not as rare as many people think.

01:16:38The problem is that it is not always visible from any part of the planet.

01:16:41So if you want to see this event,

01:16:44make sure to check the calendar

01:16:47and see from which part of the Earth you can see it.

01:16:50And don't forget special glasses!

01:16:53However, lunar eclipses are much more frequent.

01:16:56Partial lunar eclipses occur almost every month.

01:16:59But a total lunar eclipse will take place in 2022,

01:17:02on the night of 7 to 8 November.

01:17:05And it will be in all regions of the world, except Africa.

01:17:08I heard that zebras were downright disgusted.

01:17:11The Moon is a really fascinating satellite.

01:17:14You think it's just a little ball of rock.

01:17:17But in reality, there are so many interesting events that are linked to it.

01:17:20What rare lunar events have you seen or want to see in your life?

01:17:23Have you observed rare and fascinating astronomical events?

01:17:26Feel free to share them in the comments.

01:17:29The Kawah Ijen volcano,

01:17:32located in Indonesia,

01:17:35is not an ordinary lava mountain.

01:17:38Instead of producing black smoke and red lava,

01:17:41as most volcanoes do,

01:17:44this eccentric mountain lets out a blue flame

01:17:47and electric blue lava.

01:17:50This phenomenon occurs because the volcano contains sulfur levels

01:17:53among the highest in the world.

01:17:56And when sulfuric gases interact with the burning air

01:17:59you can only see this spectacular phenomenon at night.

01:18:02But you can feel it all day long.

01:18:05By the way, the largest acidic lake in the world

01:18:08is also located inside this crater.

01:18:11The Dead Sea has a high concentration of salt and minerals

01:18:14compared to other seas, even if technically it is a lake.

01:18:17It is almost impossible to swim there,

01:18:20but people go there to enjoy natural chemical substances for the body.

01:18:23Floating on the surface is an excellent way to relax.

01:18:26This ancient water stretch has received its name

01:18:29because being 9.6 times saltier than the oceans,

01:18:32no macroscopic organism can live there.

01:18:35There are only a few bacteria and mushrooms that like salt.

01:18:38It is also the lowest place on Earth,

01:18:41at 427 meters below sea level.

01:18:44There is an underground crystal cave in Mexico

01:18:47and it looks like an interstellar world.

01:18:50It is located about 305 meters below the surface

01:18:54and each tip measures up to 11 meters long

01:18:57and weighs up to 55 tons.

01:19:00These crystals are one of the largest in the world.

01:19:03The Luskan Tire beach is an endless stretch

01:19:06of white sand dunes and clear water.

01:19:09But don't be fooled by this tropical aspect.

01:19:12It is located in Scotland.

01:19:15That's why it looks like this only in May and June.

01:19:18In December, the place receives an average of one hour of sunshine per day,

01:19:21which makes it just as spectacular,

01:19:24but in a monochrome style.

01:19:27The Georgia Guidestones are a giant stone structure

01:19:30arranged in stars.

01:19:33It has inscriptions in eight languages,

01:19:36including Hindi, Chinese and Swahili.

01:19:39It also features an astronomical calendar

01:19:42completed in 1980 and has been erected for centuries.

01:19:45Nobody knows who built it or why.

01:19:48In the heart of California is the Sequoia National Park

01:19:51where you can walk in the Giant Forest.

01:19:54It has existed for thousands of years.

01:19:57More than 8,000 colossal sequoias reign on Earth

01:20:00and 10 of them are among the world's largest living plants.

01:20:03General Sherman is estimated to be nearly 2,700 years old

01:20:06and is considered the world's largest living tree

01:20:09in terms of volume.

01:20:12The famous Stone Heads of Easter Island

01:20:15have existed for hundreds of years.

01:20:18Nobody knows exactly why they were built.

01:20:21Some scientists believe that the local population

01:20:24believed that the statues would make the soil more fertile.

01:20:27The soil analysis has shown that the heads have done their job well.

01:20:30It is the best place on the island for agriculture.

01:20:33The chemical composition of the ancient hot springs of Pamukkale,

01:20:36in Turkey, gives a magical look to the water

01:20:39that spills over the edge.

01:20:42It purifies not only the body, but also the mind.

01:20:45At the bottom of Saudi Arabia is a rock

01:20:48perfectly truncated in its center

01:20:51with its two halves placed in parallel.

01:20:54What makes Al-Nasra so unique is that it was not made artificially

01:20:57but as a result of the work of nature over the centuries.

01:21:00This glacier can give the impression that someone

01:21:03dropped tons of red paint in the middle of the Antarctic

01:21:06but it is actually a natural color.

01:21:09The blood drops are the result of extremely salty water

01:21:12mixed with iron oxide, which gives this sinister atmosphere

01:21:15in the middle of nowhere.

01:21:18In early May 2018, the inhabitants of New England

01:21:21were able to observe one of the most frightening

01:21:24and dangerous phenomena ever.

01:21:27A tornado with a very long trajectory.

01:21:30The frightening natural phenomenon began its race not far from Charleston

01:21:33in New Hampshire and went to the city of Webster

01:21:36in the county of Merrimack.

01:21:39It took 33 minutes for the tornado to travel 58 km

01:21:42and become the third on the list of tornadoes

01:21:45with the longest trajectory in New England.

01:21:48In the Philippines, you can swim in the most crystalline waters

01:21:51in the world and discover an underwater world

01:21:54under your feet in the province of Palawan.

01:21:57The city of Coron has white sand beaches

01:22:00with many small boats sailing in the many amazing landscapes.

01:22:04Tristan da Cunha is a small volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic

01:22:07whose largest neighbors are the cities of Buenos Aires in Argentina

01:22:10and the Cape in South Africa.

01:22:13It takes 7 days by boat to get to this unique place.

01:22:16If you want to escape from the rest of the world

01:22:19while staying among the 280 inhabitants,

01:22:22you will have the impression of being far from everything.

01:22:25During the first week of January 2018,

01:22:28an exceptionally cold weather,

01:22:31the United States froze the Atlantic Ocean

01:22:34to North Falmouth in Massachusetts.

01:22:37The ocean was so frozen that people could walk on the waves.

01:22:40It's obviously something you don't see every day.

01:22:43The red sand is what makes this beach so unique

01:22:46and the reason why tourists flock to Tianjin in China.

01:22:49A red plant called Swaida Salsa

01:22:52lives in the salt water.

01:22:55The whole beach is covered in red

01:22:58and the upper layer of the sea is visible.

01:23:01If there is one thing that seems to challenge gravity,

01:23:04it is the stone of Dabasco in Argentina.

01:23:07The huge 300-ton rock stands precariously

01:23:10on the edge of a cliff and swings a little

01:23:13from one side to the other under the effect of the wind.

01:23:16People even verified it by putting glass bottles under one of its edges.

01:23:19They exploded with a rock movement.

01:23:22Unfortunately, today you can no longer see this wonder of nature

01:23:25as it was a century ago.

01:23:28In 1912, the rock suddenly fell from the perch that occupied it

01:23:31for hundreds of years.

01:23:34The inhabitants of the neighboring city of Tandil were so saddened by this event

01:23:37that 95 years later, in 2007,

01:23:40they decided to restore the stone.

01:23:43They made a plastic replica of it

01:23:46and placed it in the same place and in the same position.

01:23:49So even today, passing through Tandil,

01:23:52the rock is still free, even if it is more of a symbol

01:23:55since it no longer swings and weighs only 9 tons.

01:23:58But it is nevertheless immediately recognizable.

01:24:01Socotra is an alien-looking island

01:24:04located off the coast of Yemen in the Indian Ocean

01:24:07with one of the most unique trees in the world.

01:24:10It is called the dragonfly and can only be found on this amazing island.

01:24:13In 2008, it was recognized as a World Heritage Site.

01:24:16If you ever see a compact and burning air column,

01:24:19don't panic.

01:24:22This is not the end of the world.

01:24:25The frightening combination of the sound of whirlwinds and burning embers

01:24:28means that you are on the path of a fire tornado.

01:24:31This dangerous phenomenon occurs mainly during forest fires.

01:24:34Fires create a large area of very hot air just above the ground.

01:24:37When this burning air mixes with the fresher air located higher,

01:24:40it results in a whirlwind that burns burning debris and flames.

01:24:43The most powerful fire tornadoes

01:24:47can spread over hundreds of meters in the sky.

01:24:50The Mystery House in Gold Hill in Oregon

01:24:53amazes its visitors with effects defying gravity.

01:24:56You can't stand straight.

01:24:59You always lean on one side

01:25:02and you have to hold on to something to keep your balance.

01:25:05The balls roll up and there is a broom that remains perfectly still

01:25:08or that you put down,

01:25:11unlike almost everything else in the cabin.

01:25:14Local Indian cameras called this place the Forbidden Land

01:25:17even before the house was built

01:25:20and they avoided approaching it.

01:25:23But the owners of the cabin decided to make it an attraction

01:25:26and they succeeded.

01:25:29They created an atmosphere of mystery around the place

01:25:32and spread the news in the newspapers and later on the Internet.

01:25:35And here is a perfect anomaly born.

01:25:38In fact, it is nothing more than a curiosity,

01:25:41an optical illusion created by man

01:25:44that deceives your eyes and your other senses.

01:25:47If you travel to the Philippines, Indonesia or Papua New Guinea,

01:25:50you will have the chance to see some of the most unusual

01:25:53and happiest trees in the world.

01:25:56The trunk of the Eucalyptus rainbow

01:25:59seems to have been painted orange, green, red, purple,

01:26:02yellow, brown and blue.

01:26:05Some trees are so bright that they seem artificial.

01:26:08The Eucalyptus trees are regularly covered with bark strips

01:26:11which reveals a bright green layer below.

01:26:14A little later, this green layer gradually changes color

01:26:17and as the Eucalyptus tree occurs at a different time

01:26:20in different parts of the trunk,

01:26:23the tree begins to have a multicolored and very attractive appearance.

01:26:26Yemen is home to the oldest skyscrapers

01:26:29and the oldest metropolis in the world.

01:26:32The old city of Shibam is considered the Manhattan of the desert

01:26:35because it is the only land that comes out of the ground of the desert.

01:26:38It was used as a stage for caravans during Antiquity.

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