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Transcript

00:00:00 No human being has really black eyes.

00:00:03 Except in case of black eye-poppers, of course.

00:00:05 Some of us have a lot of melanin, so their eyes can look almost black.

00:00:10 But it depends a lot on the lighting conditions.

00:00:13 In fact, those who are thought to have black eyes, simply have very dark brown eyes.

00:00:18 A eyelash only lasts 150 days.

00:00:21 The world record for the longest eyelash was about 8 cm.

00:00:25 You could whip yourself with that.

00:00:27 Eyelashes are also the refuge of tiny aquarians.

00:00:30 The most common color of the eyes in the world is brown.

00:00:33 There are a lot of shades of brown, but the funniest thing is that they are actually blue underneath.

00:00:38 All people with blue eyes in the world have the same ancestor.

00:00:41 Tears are not just salty water.

00:00:44 They are made of lipids, that is, oil, water and mucus.

00:00:48 Salinity makes our tears antibacterial.

00:00:51 The most advanced camera to date has 200 megapixels.

00:00:55 A human eye has 576 megapixels.

00:00:58 That's why sunsets are so much more beautiful in real life than in photos.

00:01:02 We blink about 4,200,000 times a year,

00:01:06 at least once every 8 seconds.

00:01:08 Wouldn't it be great if we were given a cent every time we blinked?

00:01:12 We would earn more than 100 euros a day.

00:01:14 It takes about a month for all the cells in your skin to renew.

00:01:18 We lose about 30,000 dead cells per minute,

00:01:21 a loss of about 4 kg of skin each year.

00:01:24 Our fingernails grow much faster than our toes.

00:01:27 Toes grow almost four times slower

00:01:30 because they are less damaged than fingernails.

00:01:33 Even if we often hit our toes,

00:01:35 a sudden stop in circulation usually doesn't last long.

00:01:38 A human being produces between 250 milliliters and 1 liter of saliva per day.

00:01:43 In a year, that would be enough to fill a bathtub.

00:01:46 I swear, I swore I would spit.

00:01:48 Saliva acts like a perfect remedy.

00:01:50 The wounds in our mouth heal much faster than anywhere else.

00:01:53 It also helps to taste the food.

00:01:55 Our taste buds are only ready to perceive food

00:01:58 once it is dissolved by saliva.

00:02:00 It may seem incredible,

00:02:02 but our bones are stronger than they look.

00:02:04 A cubic centimeter of a human bone can support a load of about 9,000 kg,

00:02:09 which makes it four times more resistant than concrete.

00:02:12 The only thing that makes our blood groups different is sugar.

00:02:16 The blood of groups A, B and AB,

00:02:19 while that of group O does not contain any,

00:02:21 which makes it perfect for donors.

00:02:23 The lack of sugar does not make the blood of group O less sweet.

00:02:27 On the contrary, it attracts mosquitos even more than the others.

00:02:30 Humans only have 8 blood groups,

00:02:32 while cows have 800, or even more.

00:02:36 The cow.

00:02:37 Usually, we lose about 50 to 150 hairs a day.

00:02:41 The average lifespan of a hair is 5 years.

00:02:44 And as soon as an old hair says goodbye to your scalp,

00:02:46 a new one begins to grow immediately.

00:02:49 A human hair is more resistant than a copper wire of the same diameter.

00:02:53 A single strand can support up to 100 grams.

00:02:55 And if it is braided correctly,

00:02:57 a complete hair can support up to 8,400 kg.

00:03:01 Our stomach is bigger than it seems,

00:03:03 with a capacity of nearly 230 grams in extreme conditions.

00:03:07 The average is about 900 grams.

00:03:09 Food is digested in 4 to 6 hours,

00:03:12 and gastric acid can also dissolve metal.

00:03:15 The lips are much more sensitive than the fingers,

00:03:18 with about a million nerve endings.

00:03:21 This makes them 100 times more sensitive than the tip of the fingers.

00:03:24 So we can assume that kissing is 100 times better than holding hands.

00:03:27 Hmm, maybe.

00:03:29 The wrinkles and the lint make our lip print unique,

00:03:32 just like digital prints.

00:03:34 They remain unchanged throughout our lives.

00:03:37 As for the print of your tongue, it is just as unique.

00:03:40 Our navels contain an entire zoo,

00:03:43 with a range of about 70 different bacteria.

00:03:46 Dozens of them can also be found in the ground in Japan,

00:03:49 and even in polar ice caps.

00:03:51 Our body, we cannot see it with our normal eyes,

00:03:55 because the light we emit is a thousand times less intense

00:03:58 than the minimum level we can perceive.

00:04:00 But you can trust us.

00:04:03 Humans are the only living beings on Earth that can blush.

00:04:06 This is caused by an increase in adrenaline.

00:04:09 The karma used in blushes and lipsticks

00:04:12 is a red tint obtained from beetles.

00:04:15 Our ears continue to grow throughout our lives.

00:04:18 They also sweat, and the human brain is actually a kind of sweat they produce.

00:04:22 Besides, the nose never stops growing,

00:04:25 especially when you lie.

00:04:27 The heart is the only muscle that never gets tired.

00:04:30 The aorta is massive, its diameter is almost as large

00:04:33 as that of the water pipe in your garden.

00:04:36 We emit about 500 to 1500 milliliters of gas per day,

00:04:40 which is enough to fill a small balloon.

00:04:43 So gather your neighbors and fill up your toilet.

00:04:46 It's worth a try, isn't it?

00:04:48 Fat helps our body to consume vitamins.

00:04:51 Vitamins A, D, K and E are better absorbed

00:04:54 when they are consumed with fat.

00:04:57 Our body has enough fat to produce this soap.

00:05:00 Some parts of the brain can self-cannibalize

00:05:03 by eating their own neurons and proteins

00:05:06 if you don't provide them with enough nutrients.

00:05:08 For example, hypothalamus, responsible for your sleep,

00:05:11 your appetite and body temperature, can do it.

00:05:14 Believe it or not, you can't inhale and swallow at the same time.

00:05:18 Come on, I know you just tried.

00:05:20 The pharynx is used as an air passage when you breathe,

00:05:23 or as a food passage when you swallow.

00:05:26 If you flatten all the ridges that your brain has,

00:05:29 it will look like a pillow.

00:05:31 When we are awake, our brain can produce enough energy

00:05:35 to power an electric bulb.

00:05:37 It has a power of 10 watts.

00:05:39 In your body, you have enough bacteria to fill a can.

00:05:43 Bacteria weigh from 1.4 to 2.3 kilograms,

00:05:46 which is 2% of our total weight.

00:05:49 However, most of them are waste.

00:05:52 The average body temperature is between 36.1 and 37.2 degrees Celsius.

00:05:58 The strongest fever ever recorded was 46 degrees Celsius.

00:06:03 The ear is perhaps the smallest finger, but it is also the strongest.

00:06:07 50% of the strength of your hand comes from your little finger.

00:06:11 A human being has about 20,000 to 25,000 genes.

00:06:14 Impressive, isn't it?

00:06:16 However, cornflakes have more genes than us.

00:06:19 Cornflakes 1, humans 0.

00:06:21 Fortunately, it is more a matter of sophistication than quantity.

00:06:25 We are made up of many chemical elements, including iron.

00:06:28 The iron contained in our body would be enough to produce 3 nails,

00:06:32 each 2.5 centimeters.

00:06:34 As for the carbon in our body, it could be enough to make 900 pencils.

00:06:38 Our liver has a super power of regeneration if we remove a part of it.

00:06:43 It can grow back to the size your body needs.

00:06:46 Mountaineurs actually make your organs turn.

00:06:49 When you feel like your stomach is falling, it is actually falling inside your body.

00:06:54 Even if people have an absolutely unique smell,

00:06:57 identical twins smell almost the same.

00:07:00 This is due to the fact that they have identical genes.

00:07:03 Almost half of your taste buds will have disappeared by the time you are 60.

00:07:08 So maybe you will finally start eating this satanic broccoli.

00:07:12 Your sense of smell will become less sharp as you age as well.

00:07:16 When you cough, you propel air at about 96 km/h.

00:07:21 Our skin is the largest organ of our body.

00:07:24 It is also one of the most massive organs.

00:07:26 It weighs up to 3 to 4 kilos.

00:07:29 If we could spread our skin, it would cover about 1.9 square meters.

00:07:34 Coughing is a two-step process.

00:07:36 First, you breathe in a lot of air due to a muscle spasm,

00:07:40 and then, boom, the airways are closed.

00:07:43 The air is blocked and the famous sound comes out.

00:07:46 We don't feel anything when we sleep.

00:07:48 That's why it's almost impossible to detect a gas leak at night.

00:07:52 During sleep, we can only rely on sound,

00:07:55 because sleep can be disturbed by noise.

00:07:57 In every sense, smell is the most sharp, except when we sleep.

00:08:01 We remember 65% of the smells after a year,

00:08:05 but only 50% of what we saw over the last three weeks.

00:08:09 We also have a new nose every 28 days,

00:08:12 because the nose cells are renewed every four weeks.

00:08:15 As for taste, once again, we rely mainly on our smell,

00:08:19 since it helps us to perceive up to 95% of the flavor.

00:08:23 Without smell, it would be difficult to distinguish an apple from a turnip.

00:08:26 Although a bouquet of flowers may be fragrant for you,

00:08:29 some people suffer from cacosmia.

00:08:31 They perceive all perfumes as something bad smelling.

00:08:34 We need ears not only to hear, but also to balance.

00:08:38 Our vestibular system occupies the inner ear.

00:08:41 The channels of your inner ear contain liquid

00:08:44 and tiny hair detection that helps to maintain balance.

00:08:48 If you have red eyes in a photo, it's because of the bouncing light.

00:08:52 The flash is reflected on the capillaries of your eyes, thus creating this effect.

00:08:56 All the bones of our body are connected to each other, except the aeoids.

00:09:00 This bone serves as a support for your tongue,

00:09:03 and it is one of the rarest bones to break.

00:09:06 You can't remember a memory in its context.

00:09:09 When you try to remember a detail,

00:09:11 like the color of the t-shirt your friend wore the other day,

00:09:14 you also remember other details.

00:09:16 For example, the place where you saw it and the things you talked about.

00:09:20 The hippocampus is the part of your brain that stores memories.

00:09:23 It is used to group them, including multiple small details.

00:09:27 The taste buds last on average 10 days.

00:09:30 They are grafts of sensory cells in your tongue.

00:09:33 The closest taste buds to the surface are more ephemeral.

00:09:36 That's why you don't need to wait too long

00:09:39 to be able to taste again after your tongue has been burned.

00:09:42 A theory states that déjà vu is a kind of offset in brain treatment.

00:09:47 Scientists think it can happen when your brain

00:09:51 transfers information from one side to the other

00:09:53 and there is a delay of a fraction of a second in this process.

00:09:56 This means that your brain receives the same information twice

00:09:59 and treats it as an event that has already occurred.

00:10:02 Only 30% of people can dilate their nostrils,

00:10:05 and a third can bend their thumb backwards.

00:10:08 Some people can produce a rustling noise in their head.

00:10:12 All they need to do is stretch their ears or jaws.

00:10:15 There is a small muscle in the ear that amortizes loud sounds,

00:10:19 like when you chew.

00:10:20 But some people can bend this muscle,

00:10:23 and it creates an audible grunting.

00:10:25 The tip of your fingers is sensitive,

00:10:27 but hundreds of times less than your lips.

00:10:29 You inhale many different types of debris,

00:10:32 including 700,000 of your own cutaneous squam,

00:10:34 and that's just in one day.

00:10:36 A hypnic shake is a deep jump that you can feel while you're asleep.

00:10:41 It's a sudden muscle movement that occurs during the sleep phase, not REM.

00:10:46 It can create an illusion of falling.

00:10:49 One theory is that when you fall asleep,

00:10:51 your brain perceives the relaxation of your muscles

00:10:54 as a sign that you have problems and that you are falling.

00:10:57 It sends signals to the muscles to protect you by contracting.

00:11:01 Synesthesia is a special and rare ability

00:11:04 that consists of feeling the taste of music or hearing the colors.

00:11:08 Only one in 2,000 people have it.

00:11:11 For some people, coriander may taste similar to soap,

00:11:15 because the plant contains a chemical compound

00:11:18 used in the manufacture of this.

00:11:20 But only 4 to 14% of the world's population

00:11:23 has special genes that can detect it.

00:11:26 18% of people can move their two ears at the same time,

00:11:30 while 22% can move one ear at a time.

00:11:34 People who do it use old, weak muscles

00:11:37 that we inherited from our ancestors,

00:11:39 that we have in common with cats.

00:11:41 Hematomas change color over time.

00:11:44 A blue appears because there is a bleeding under the skin.

00:11:47 Tiny blood vessels are crushed

00:11:49 and part of the blood is trapped in this place.

00:11:52 At first, a blue is red because this blood is rich in oxygen,

00:11:55 but then it turns purple, green, yellow or even gray

00:11:59 when the oxygen level decreases.

00:12:01 Sweat has no smell in itself.

00:12:03 The unpleasant smell is caused by the bacteria present on your skin.

00:12:07 When sweat comes out of your pores,

00:12:10 the bacteria decompose it into acid.

00:12:12 What most deodorants do

00:12:14 is get rid of the bacteria on your skin.

00:12:17 People used to dream a lot more black and white than they do today.

00:12:20 It's because they watched TV in black and white.

00:12:23 Blue cheese can influence your dreams and make them more alive.

00:12:27 As for the two shells,

00:12:28 they could be used to grow new human bones.

00:12:32 Chicken eggshells contain calcium carbonate,

00:12:35 an element also contained in our bones.

00:12:38 The food in the plane will probably taste different

00:12:41 from the same food on the ground.

00:12:43 It's because you lose up to 30% of the sensitivity of your taste buds

00:12:47 because of the dryness and pressure in the cabin.

00:12:50 This is particularly true for salty and sweet foods.

00:12:54 Your nostrils don't work with the same efficiency all the time.

00:12:58 When you breathe,

00:12:59 a single nostril is the main part of the work,

00:13:02 and it is relayed every two hours.

00:13:04 You can't taste food without saliva.

00:13:07 Your taste buds have receptor chemicals

00:13:09 that recognize different flavors.

00:13:11 But they need a liquid

00:13:13 so that these flavors bind to their molecules.

00:13:15 So you can't taste things that saliva doesn't dissolve.

00:13:19 The brain can't really feel pain.

00:13:22 It has a pain center,

00:13:24 but it doesn't have a pain receptor.

00:13:26 When your head hurts,

00:13:28 you can feel it because of nerves, tissues,

00:13:30 and blood vessels around your brain.

00:13:32 A single human hair can support a weight of 100 grams,

00:13:35 or the weight of two chocolate bars.

00:13:37 Nails and toes grow almost four times slower

00:13:40 than nails and hands,

00:13:41 which are more exposed and used more frequently.

00:13:44 There must be at least a few pictures

00:13:46 where you have red eyes.

00:13:48 When the flash of the camera starts,

00:13:50 your eyes are not prepared for such a flash of light.

00:13:52 Your pupils remain dilated.

00:13:54 This is why the light is reflected

00:13:56 on the red blood vessels of the coroids.

00:13:58 It is a layer of tissue at the back of your eye

00:14:01 that nourishes your retina.

00:14:03 Your right lung is larger than the left

00:14:05 because your body has to make room for the heart.

00:14:08 Your teeth are the only part of your body

00:14:10 that can't heal on its own.

00:14:12 The masseter is the most powerful muscle you have

00:14:15 compared to its weight.

00:14:17 With the rest of the muscles of the jaw,

00:14:19 you can close your teeth with a force of 90 kg

00:14:22 on the molar and 25 kg at the incisors.

00:14:25 Onions produce a special chemical irritant

00:14:28 that stimulates special glands in your eyes,

00:14:31 which causes them to release tears.

00:14:33 Your nose can memorize up to 50,000 smells

00:14:38 and detect more than 1,000 billion smells.

00:14:41 We all have a unique smell,

00:14:43 except for real twins.

00:14:45 This smell is partly determined by genetics,

00:14:47 but it also depends on your diet,

00:14:49 your hygiene and the environment.

00:14:51 Eating snow is not the best way to stay hydrated.

00:14:54 Your body needs too much energy to turn it into water.

00:14:57 Snow can give you a little hydration,

00:15:00 but it will also lower your body temperature,

00:15:03 which is not the best scenario

00:15:05 if you try to survive in difficult winter conditions.

00:15:08 You burn between 100 and 200 calories per hour

00:15:11 while standing.

00:15:12 The sitting position burns 60 to 130 calories

00:15:15 depending on your height, weight, sex and age.

00:15:18 Brain freeze is a headache caused by ice.

00:15:22 This is how your brain tells you to slow down

00:15:25 and maybe stop eating something very cold.

00:15:28 The main purpose of eyelashes

00:15:30 is to protect your eyes from the sand,

00:15:32 humidity, dust and debris in the air.

00:15:35 Your eyelashes detect when something

00:15:37 gets too close to your eyes,

00:15:39 like an insect flying towards you

00:15:41 and triggers a blinking reflex.

00:15:43 Blinking your eyes also helps when you have to evacuate

00:15:46 tiny particles or debris stuck in your eyelids.

00:15:49 These are small openings in your eyelids.

00:15:52 This is where tears are created.

00:15:54 As for your eyebrows,

00:15:55 they prevent sweat from flowing directly into your eyes.

00:15:58 Your skin at this point and the shape of your bones

00:16:00 also work together to direct the sweat

00:16:03 to the sides of your face.

00:16:05 We are not the fastest,

00:16:06 strongest or greatest of the animal kingdom,

00:16:09 but we are the best at running long distances.

00:16:12 This is because we have long legs

00:16:14 and our body can lose excess heat by sweating.

00:16:17 A long time ago, our ancestors hunted animals

00:16:20 by chasing them for long periods.

00:16:23 This ended up exhausting the little creatures.

00:16:25 The five basic senses are taste, touch,

00:16:28 sight, sound and smell,

00:16:30 but people have more sense than that.

00:16:33 The proprioception is the fact of being aware

00:16:35 of the parts of your body and their position,

00:16:37 even if you do not see them.

00:16:39 For example, if your arm is behind your back,

00:16:41 you know it's there.

00:16:43 If you were a pigeon, you wouldn't know it,

00:16:45 because these creatures don't know

00:16:47 that their tentacles exist if they don't see them.

00:16:50 Thermoception is the ability to perceive temperature.

00:16:54 Equilibrioception is the sense of balance.

00:16:57 There is also nociception,

00:16:58 which allows you to feel pain,

00:17:00 and chronoception,

00:17:01 which is the way you can feel the time passing.

00:17:04 There is even more sense in the animal kingdom.

00:17:07 Electroreception and magnetoreception,

00:17:10 but humans don't have them.

00:17:11 You can't see your taste buds.

00:17:13 These little bumps on the tongue are lingual buds.

00:17:16 There are four kinds of them.

00:17:18 Circum, valate, folie,

00:17:20 fongiform, filiform.

00:17:22 They are all covered with taste buds,

00:17:24 except the last one, filiform.

00:17:26 Papi, filiform, seen through a microscope.

00:17:28 It is responsible for the sense of touch of your tongue.

00:17:31 Your ear is responsible for 50%

00:17:33 of the total force you have in your hand.

00:17:36 Your liver is a very important organ

00:17:38 that works a lot and is responsible

00:17:40 for 500 individual functions.

00:17:42 Up to 10% of its content is composed of fat.

00:17:45 The liver can regenerate.

00:17:47 You can burn calories when you take a hot bath,

00:17:50 as much as if you were taking a walk for half an hour.

00:17:52 People usually need 7 minutes to fall asleep.

00:17:55 This time is shorter if you just ate a meal with a spoon.

00:17:59 On average, your heart is as big as your fist.

00:18:02 It beats 115,000 times and pumps about

00:18:04 7,600 liters of blood per day.

00:18:07 What do you call a person who can write

00:18:09 as well with their left hand as with their right hand?

00:18:12 Can you reach the inside of your nose with your tongue?

00:18:15 And why would you do that?

00:18:17 Find out if you have a real superpower!

00:18:20 About a third of people can raise a eyebrow,

00:18:24 left or right.

00:18:26 It's a great way to send a signal to someone

00:18:28 while telling a joke.

00:18:30 But the ability to raise both eyebrows separately

00:18:33 is much rarer.

00:18:35 You're not one of those people.

00:18:37 It's because you can't control and move

00:18:39 the corresponding muscles.

00:18:41 But this skill can be developed.

00:18:43 Stand in front of a mirror, hold one eyebrow with your hand

00:18:46 and raise the other from top to bottom.

00:18:48 Then do the same with the other eyebrow.

00:18:50 This will train you to move them separately.

00:18:52 Can you sit on the floor and get up

00:18:54 without the help of your hands or your knees?

00:18:56 This simple challenge is called

00:18:58 the sitting recovery test.

00:19:00 Although scientists debate whether this test is reliable,

00:19:03 it's not enough to say anything about your health.

00:19:05 You can still use it to check

00:19:07 if your muscles and your heart are strong enough.

00:19:09 If you can't get up from the floor

00:19:11 without the support of your hands or your knees,

00:19:13 it's time to go back to the gym.

00:19:16 Take your hand and put a ring on the hollow of your elbow

00:19:19 and rotate your palm.

00:19:21 If the ring doesn't fall, you're a rare person.

00:19:24 Some say that only 2% of people can do it,

00:19:27 even if this figure is debatable.

00:19:29 If you can lick your elbow

00:19:31 or touch your forearm with your thumb,

00:19:33 congratulations, you're a minority.

00:19:36 But some people make it easier for you to do it.

00:19:40 This condition is called hypermobility.

00:19:42 It allows rare individuals

00:19:44 to stretch their body in weird positions,

00:19:46 like a snake,

00:19:48 put their head between their feet,

00:19:50 make a back bridge, and all kinds of wide spaces.

00:19:52 But in some cases, hypermobility

00:19:54 can also increase sensitivity

00:19:56 because these people have a larger medullary area.

00:19:58 This area of the brain

00:20:00 is responsible for emotions.

00:20:02 90% of people are right-handed

00:20:04 and only 10% are left-handed.

00:20:06 But there is also a very small percentage

00:20:08 of people who can use both hands

00:20:10 as well as the other,

00:20:12 including to write, draw,

00:20:14 and do any task.

00:20:16 Naturally ambidextrous people

00:20:18 represent only 1% of the population,

00:20:20 about 70 million people.

00:20:22 If you want to check if you're one of them,

00:20:24 try writing the same sentence with both hands

00:20:26 or drawing a circle first

00:20:28 with your right hand,

00:20:30 then with your left hand,

00:20:32 if there is no difference.

00:20:34 Congratulations!

00:20:36 In fact, these exercises are very good

00:20:38 to balance the hemispheres of the brain,

00:20:40 whatever your dominant hand.

00:20:42 Writing in a mirror is another good way

00:20:44 to wake up your neurons.

00:20:46 Leonardo da Vinci

00:20:48 used to write his thoughts

00:20:50 in a newspaper from right to left.

00:20:52 The real purpose of his writing in a mirror

00:20:54 is still unknown,

00:20:56 so he tried to avoid blurring his ink page

00:20:58 because it was left-handed.

00:21:00 But be careful!

00:21:02 Writing in a mirror is not an easy task

00:21:04 for most people.

00:21:06 Most people depend on weather forecasts

00:21:08 and must adapt their outfit

00:21:10 depending on the season

00:21:12 to avoid catching a cold.

00:21:14 But not everyone.

00:21:16 Some lucky people have learned

00:21:18 to keep their body warm at all times.

00:21:20 These fearless heroes

00:21:22 can walk in the cold

00:21:24 with a frozen glass or an ice cube.

00:21:26 In general, this gift does not come naturally.

00:21:28 These people train their bodies

00:21:30 for years until they get used

00:21:32 to enduring extreme cold.

00:21:34 Of course, they don't do it just for fun.

00:21:36 The benefits of this exercise

00:21:38 for health

00:21:40 The advantages of this exercise

00:21:42 for health include better blood circulation,

00:21:44 increased concentration

00:21:46 and a general feeling of well-being.

00:21:48 And you, how many seconds

00:21:50 can you stand still in the snow

00:21:52 with your hand in front of you?

00:21:54 Hold your fingers together,

00:21:56 except your thumb.

00:21:58 Now spread your index finger with your thumb

00:22:00 in one direction

00:22:02 and your ring finger with your earring

00:22:04 in the other direction.

00:22:06 Did you succeed?

00:22:08 If so, you would probably be a wonderful musician

00:22:10 because the nerves of your palms are well developed.

00:22:12 Are you sensitive when you tickle yourself?

00:22:14 Normally, no.

00:22:16 It only works if someone else tickles you.

00:22:18 This happens because the area of the brain

00:22:20 that produces the movements predicts the sensations

00:22:22 caused by your own movements.

00:22:24 Then it sends a signal to other parts of the nervous system

00:22:26 to cancel these sensations.

00:22:28 But some people can tickle themselves.

00:22:30 If you are not one of these people,

00:22:32 touching a new texture

00:22:34 that the brain does not yet recognize

00:22:36 or using a leather massager

00:22:38 can help you stimulate your nerves

00:22:40 and relax.

00:22:42 Take a sheet of paper and a pen

00:22:44 and sit on a chair.

00:22:46 Stretch out one leg and turn your foot

00:22:48 Try to draw the number 6

00:22:50 in the other direction on the paper or in the air

00:22:52 while continuing to turn your foot.

00:22:54 This task is very difficult

00:22:56 because the left side of your brain

00:22:58 cannot handle two opposite rotations at the same time.

00:23:00 This is why the brain tries

00:23:02 to bring all the movements in the same direction.

00:23:04 Only a few people succeed

00:23:06 from the first attempt.

00:23:08 You can also try to write other numbers

00:23:10 and observe funny results.

00:23:12 If you want to check the state of your vestibular system,

00:23:14 try this simple trick.

00:23:16 Stand on one foot

00:23:18 and close your eyes.

00:23:20 Most people lose balance

00:23:22 at least during the first attempt.

00:23:24 Your vestibular system includes many organs

00:23:26 and systems throughout your body.

00:23:28 Together, they allow your body

00:23:30 to remain balanced in different positions.

00:23:32 This system includes

00:23:34 the inner ear and vision.

00:23:36 This is why it is much easier

00:23:38 to keep balance in silence and with your eyes open.

00:23:40 Every day, people use their language

00:23:42 to recognize different tastes

00:23:44 and communicate.

00:23:46 But it is also a great tool

00:23:48 to achieve a lot of things.

00:23:50 About 10% of people can touch

00:23:52 the tip of their nose with their language.

00:23:54 The current longest language record

00:23:56 in the world belongs to the American Nick Storbel.

00:23:58 His language measures 10.1 cm

00:24:00 according to the Guinness Book of Records.

00:24:02 There is also another pretender

00:24:04 whose name appears

00:24:06 in the Guinness Book of Records

00:24:08 with a language measuring 27 cm.

00:24:10 Wow!

00:24:12 Can you imagine what he can do

00:24:14 with a ice cream cone?

00:24:16 But the language of an adult man

00:24:18 only measures 8.5 cm in length

00:24:20 and that of a woman, 7.9 cm.

00:24:22 This is why most people

00:24:24 cannot touch the tip of their nose

00:24:26 so easily.

00:24:28 Making a knot with a cherry tail

00:24:30 in your mouth is a popular challenge.

00:24:32 But only a few people manage

00:24:34 to do it correctly and quickly.

00:24:36 Al Gliniecki set the world record

00:24:38 in June 2014 when he made 14 cherry tail knots

00:24:40 in one minute using only his language.

00:24:42 Wow!

00:24:44 If you want to break his record,

00:24:46 train patiently and choose

00:24:48 longer stems of about 4 cm.

00:24:50 Many tutorials are available

00:24:52 on the Internet.

00:24:54 Stand in front of a mirror,

00:24:56 open your mouth and try to roll

00:24:58 the sides of your tongue to form a U.

00:25:00 65 to 81% of people

00:25:02 are natural language rollers

00:25:04 and the majority are women.

00:25:06 Some think it's a genetic ability

00:25:08 but recent studies have shown

00:25:10 that people can develop this ability

00:25:12 by training.

00:25:14 Kechari Mudra is a yoga term

00:25:16 that means to bend the tip of your tongue

00:25:18 in your mouth. Ideally, it should

00:25:20 arrive above the palate and rest

00:25:22 at the beginning of the nasal cavity.

00:25:24 This asana helps to refresh the mind

00:25:26 and the body and to overcome thirst,

00:25:28 hunger and anxiety.

00:25:30 Some say it also helps to have lucid dreams

00:25:32 if you get used to sleeping

00:25:34 by practicing the Kechari Mudra

00:25:36 every night.

00:25:38 But most yoga beginners spend months

00:25:40 or even years reaching the nasal cavity.

00:25:42 So if you can do it right away,

00:25:44 you're in luck!

00:25:46 Can you move your ears intentionally?

00:25:48 If so, congratulations!

00:25:50 Because only 22% of people on Earth

00:25:52 are able to move an ear.

00:25:54 As for moving both ears at the same time,

00:25:56 only 18% are able to do it.

00:25:58 The movement of the ears

00:26:00 was once a common thing

00:26:02 for our distant ancestors.

00:26:04 The ancient Greeks thought they could

00:26:06 perform a variety of movements with their ears.

00:26:08 The group of muscles responsible for the movement

00:26:10 is called the auriculars.

00:26:12 And we don't really need them anymore.

00:26:14 But some people claim

00:26:16 that everyone can learn

00:26:18 to move their ears.

00:26:20 It only takes time and practice.

00:26:22 Unfortunately, we can't get used

00:26:24 to orienting an ear to a sound source

00:26:26 like dogs and cats do.

00:26:28 The day was long and difficult.

00:26:30 You ran a few kilometers this morning

00:26:32 and then spent the day at the office

00:26:34 developing a mobile app

00:26:36 to improve sleep.

00:26:38 In the evening, you went to a party

00:26:40 with friends and you only came back

00:26:42 late at night.

00:26:44 Finally, a cozy bed.

00:26:46 You sit down and look out the window.

00:26:48 You watch the moon slowly

00:26:50 set in the sun.

00:26:52 Then you realize that something strange

00:26:54 has happened.

00:26:56 A sleepless day.

00:26:58 You get out of bed and look at the clock.

00:27:00 You are perplexed.

00:27:02 You've been home for 6 hours.

00:27:04 The room temperature was normal.

00:27:06 You went to take a shower.

00:27:08 The light was dim.

00:27:10 You really wanted to sleep.

00:27:12 But something happened.

00:27:14 You get to work and tell your colleagues

00:27:16 that you don't feel well today

00:27:18 because you didn't sleep at night.

00:27:20 They tell you they had the same problem.

00:27:22 You all feel tired.

00:27:24 Work is slow.

00:27:26 Everyone's mood is deteriorating.

00:27:28 You cancel all meetings in the evening.

00:27:30 Finally, the day of work

00:27:32 is over and you leave the office.

00:27:34 You call a taxi.

00:27:36 The driver yells and admits

00:27:38 that he didn't sleep at night.

00:27:40 He feels tired and sets a red light.

00:27:42 Fortunately, he manages to avoid an accident.

00:27:44 You get out of the car.

00:27:46 You go to the store and you see

00:27:48 that all the people around you are tired too.

00:27:50 Back home, you turn on the TV

00:27:52 and you discover that people

00:27:54 from all over the world have had the same problem.

00:27:56 For some reason,

00:27:58 people can't sleep.

00:28:00 No one knows how long it will last.

00:28:02 But scientists are already trying to solve the problem.

00:28:04 It doesn't bother you much.

00:28:06 You are tired and you will be able

00:28:08 to fall asleep in a few seconds, that's for sure.

00:28:10 You crawl into your bed.

00:28:12 You close your eyes and you lie down.

00:28:14 You hear all the noises outside the window.

00:28:16 You hear the neighbors arguing

00:28:18 about something behind the wall.

00:28:20 You hear your phone ringing.

00:28:22 All these sounds annoy you.

00:28:24 You put on some eye masks.

00:28:26 You wrap yourself in a blanket and now,

00:28:28 the beating of your heart and your breathing

00:28:30 prevent you from sleeping.

00:28:32 2 days without sleep.

00:28:34 Angry and tired, you leave the house.

00:28:36 People have big bags under their eyes.

00:28:38 They also seem unhappy.

00:28:40 You arrive at work and you argue with your colleagues.

00:28:42 The boss lets everyone

00:28:44 go home earlier because it's impossible

00:28:46 to work like that.

00:28:48 You walk around town and you are terrified.

00:28:50 The cars honk.

00:28:52 The pedestrians are not only annoying,

00:28:54 but they also scare you.

00:28:56 The road that leads to your house

00:28:58 seems to be a real ordeal.

00:29:00 You haven't slept for more than 48 hours.

00:29:02 This causes a feeling of anxiety in you,

00:29:04 a great fatigue

00:29:06 and an increase in your stress level.

00:29:08 More than 7 billion people

00:29:10 are experiencing the same thing right now.

00:29:12 At the end of the afternoon, a TV newscaster

00:29:14 announced that all flights

00:29:16 have been canceled.

00:29:18 It is also forbidden to drive a car

00:29:20 in the city.

00:29:22 Everyone must stay at home.

00:29:24 But scientists say they are already

00:29:26 about to solve the mystery.

00:29:28 3 days without sleep.

00:29:30 On TV, meditation and hypnosis programs

00:29:32 are broadcast to make people sleep.

00:29:34 But it doesn't work.

00:29:36 No more journalists or TV presenters.

00:29:38 People are not able to work normally

00:29:40 in such conditions.

00:29:42 You drink a lot of coffee, but it's useless.

00:29:44 All shopping centers

00:29:46 and even nearby stores are closed.

00:29:48 People asleep walk like zombies

00:29:50 in the street.

00:29:52 The news starts at noon on all TV channels.

00:29:54 The presenter can't pronounce

00:29:56 his speech clearly.

00:29:58 He mumbles, gets confused in words,

00:30:00 but still says the essential.

00:30:02 Scientists have not found the cause

00:30:04 of global insomnia.

00:30:06 Because they really want to sleep

00:30:08 and can't work anymore.

00:30:10 You realize you don't care anymore.

00:30:12 Suddenly, electricity goes out.

00:30:14 All factories and all power plants

00:30:16 are shut down.

00:30:18 The electricity is supplied by emergency generators

00:30:20 and cut several times a day

00:30:22 to save energy.

00:30:24 People are furious.

00:30:26 They go out in the street

00:30:28 and ask for explanations.

00:30:30 The demonstrations have been going on for several hours.

00:30:32 The stores are closed,

00:30:34 but everyone still comes to get coffee.

00:30:36 In a few minutes,

00:30:38 the coffee disappears everywhere.

00:30:40 If you can't sleep,

00:30:42 coffee can help you get your mind back.

00:30:44 The demonstrations end quickly

00:30:46 because people are tired.

00:30:48 They go home upset and exhausted.

00:30:50 Some people who still demonstrate

00:30:52 are sure that whales are

00:30:54 responsible for everything.

00:30:56 Others think that insomnia has always been

00:30:58 part of our way of life.

00:31:00 We just didn't notice it.

00:31:02 You repaint the wallpaper of your house orange

00:31:04 because you are sure it is the best color to sleep.

00:31:06 In fact, you are wrong, like everyone else.

00:31:08 After three days without sleep,

00:31:10 the thought of a person deteriorates.

00:31:12 You are afraid of walking on the floor.

00:31:14 The whole room is full of sleeping cats.

00:31:16 Your bed is the safest place.

00:31:18 Four days without sleep.

00:31:20 The cats have disappeared

00:31:22 and you decide to make breakfast.

00:31:24 For several hours,

00:31:26 you try to cut the tap water with a fork.

00:31:28 Then you realize you are not hungry.

00:31:30 Your body no longer wants to eat.

00:31:32 You feel like you can't stand sleeping.

00:31:34 A special report is broadcast on television.

00:31:36 Several pterodactyls have landed on the street

00:31:38 and destroyed the wall.

00:31:40 You don't want to miss such an event

00:31:42 and you go out.

00:31:44 There are not many people around.

00:31:46 Someone laughs, someone talks in the wind

00:31:48 and you look for ...

00:31:50 What did you forget exactly?

00:31:52 On the fourth day without sleep,

00:31:54 your perception of reality is distorted.

00:31:56 Your brain is blurring the line

00:31:58 between reality and imagination.

00:32:00 Five days without sleep.

00:32:02 You are not at home because the concept

00:32:04 of home does not exist.

00:32:06 Like other people,

00:32:08 you have no contact with reality.

00:32:10 Fortunately, there is no chaos in the street.

00:32:12 Everyone is too tired and exhausted

00:32:14 to create problems.

00:32:16 The world now looks like a giant aquarium

00:32:18 where people swim like little fish.

00:32:20 Memory deteriorates.

00:32:22 You no longer remember who you work for

00:32:24 and what you expect from life.

00:32:26 Instead, you try to catch up with a unicorn

00:32:28 running in a green meadow.

00:32:30 Other people are also running with you,

00:32:32 but it turns out that they are only illusions.

00:32:34 You don't understand what's going on

00:32:36 and you don't know anything except one thing.

00:32:38 You want to sleep so much.

00:32:40 Six days without ...

00:32:42 What is it without? What's going on?

00:32:44 Who am I?

00:32:46 The human body can no longer function normally.

00:32:48 To keep energy, you sit on a bench

00:32:50 and you wait for something for a long time.

00:32:52 The strongest and most resistant

00:32:54 continue to walk aimlessly in the city.

00:32:56 Here is a guy who enters a store

00:32:58 and takes a lot of food.

00:33:00 But on the way back, he loses everything.

00:33:02 Here is a girl jumping over an imaginary roof.

00:33:04 You look at the sky turn purple

00:33:06 and frozen lightning starts to come out of the ground.

00:33:08 You spend several hours on the bench

00:33:10 or maybe a few seconds

00:33:12 or maybe a few years.

00:33:14 The concept of time has disappeared.

00:33:16 And then, at some point, you finally manage to fall asleep.

00:33:18 You just fainted on the spot.

00:33:20 For some unknown reason,

00:33:22 dreams have come back to humanity.

00:33:24 When it happened, people started to lose consciousness.

00:33:26 For the next two days, everyone is sleeping.

00:33:28 The rain, the hot weather, the cold, the birds ...

00:33:30 Nothing can wake you up.

00:33:32 The whole world is sleeping

00:33:34 from the deepest sleep in history.

00:33:36 Meanwhile, wild animals

00:33:38 have invaded the streets of some cities.

00:33:40 Because of the accumulation of waste,

00:33:42 the population of rats has increased.

00:33:44 Nature and the air have become cleaner.

00:33:46 You wake up with a dry mouth.

00:33:48 Your whole body hurts you.

00:33:50 You have no energy.

00:33:52 It's hard to talk.

00:33:54 Fortunately, you fell asleep near a fountain.

00:33:56 You throw yourself there immediately

00:33:58 and the cold water revives your mind.

00:34:00 You don't know what happened.

00:34:02 People around you wake up slowly.

00:34:04 You help them to regain their minds.

00:34:06 Human life is back to normal.

00:34:08 Scientists have discovered that an unknown phenomenon

00:34:10 had deprived people of sleep for 7 days.

00:34:12 Now, everyone is monitoring the quality of their sleep.

00:34:14 The mobile app you have been developing for several months

00:34:16 has become popular

00:34:18 and makes you a millionaire.

00:34:20 Be careful

00:34:22 how people stand in front of you.

00:34:24 If the person in front of you moves back

00:34:26 when you approach,

00:34:28 the relationship is not mutual.

00:34:30 It's particularly obvious

00:34:32 when you observe how people talk to each other.

00:34:34 If a person moves back on his chair

00:34:36 during your conversation,

00:34:38 it can indicate boredom or fatigue.

00:34:40 Politeness allows most people

00:34:42 to put an end to communication

00:34:44 even if they don't like it.

00:34:46 If you noticed this micro gesture,

00:34:48 you can acquire the well-being of the person

00:34:50 or suggest him to take a break.

00:34:52 If a person approaches you,

00:34:54 even after you have moved away from them,

00:34:56 it can indicate a desire to be dominant

00:34:58 in your relationship or to convince you of something.

00:35:00 The body orientation

00:35:02 is the angle of a person's body

00:35:04 relative to yours during your conversation.

00:35:06 It often reveals what really interests him.

00:35:08 If his head is turned towards you

00:35:10 but his body is directed to the side,

00:35:12 the person may not be ready

00:35:14 to fully commit.

00:35:16 Or he unconsciously indicates that he is in a hurry

00:35:18 and must tackle more important tasks.

00:35:20 If you want to show someone

00:35:22 that you are fully interested,

00:35:24 stand up or sit down in front of the person

00:35:26 and make sure your shoulders are parallel.

00:35:28 This will create a special psychological space

00:35:30 that will protect you from the world around you.

00:35:32 Lies usually avoid direct visual contact.

00:35:34 The direction of the eyes

00:35:36 can provide additional clues.

00:35:38 If someone looks right or up

00:35:40 during the conversation,

00:35:42 it is highly possible that he is lying

00:35:44 because this movement stimulates the parts of the brain

00:35:46 responsible for the imagination.

00:35:48 Conversely, if he looks left or down,

00:35:50 it means that he is actively trying

00:35:52 to remember facts.

00:35:54 In this case, it is highly likely

00:35:56 that the conversation is sincere.

00:35:58 It is an excellent tip

00:36:00 to check the honesty of your interlocutors.

00:36:02 Just make sure

00:36:04 not to confuse the left and the right.

00:36:06 Just like animals,

00:36:08 people tend to manifest what is called

00:36:10 a territorial behavior.

00:36:12 The more the economic and social position

00:36:14 of a person is elevated,

00:36:16 the more this person tends to occupy a territory.

00:36:18 People generally express it

00:36:20 comfortably on a chair,

00:36:22 putting their legs on a table,

00:36:24 spreading their arms and legs,

00:36:26 stretching out publicly, etc.

00:36:28 Confident people do not hesitate

00:36:30 to take up a lot of space,

00:36:32 while people who feel insecure

00:36:34 will unconsciously try to occupy less space,

00:36:36 to tighten their shoulders

00:36:38 and to keep their hands close to the body.

00:36:40 If a person starts to nod

00:36:42 repeatedly and excessively while you are talking,

00:36:44 it can indicate that the subject

00:36:46 is in the middle or unpleasant.

00:36:48 In addition, people often nod

00:36:50 when they try to prove their ability

00:36:52 to follow instructions.

00:36:54 You probably did it in stressful situations,

00:36:56 like when you start a new job

00:36:58 or when you meet someone important.

00:37:00 If this gesture is accompanied

00:37:02 by frequent nodding,

00:37:04 the person may feel overwhelmed

00:37:06 by the authority of his interlocutor

00:37:08 and wants to leave a good impression.

00:37:10 When someone you like enters the room,

00:37:12 your subconscious will want to make sure

00:37:14 that you are attractive.

00:37:16 You will want to change your clothes,

00:37:18 to tidy up your hair and accessories.

00:37:20 People also tend to adopt

00:37:22 a more gracious body position

00:37:24 and even start looking around them

00:37:26 for a mirror or any other reflective surface.

00:37:28 Some people can constantly touch their skin

00:37:30 and lick their lips.

00:37:32 If you have noticed this behavior

00:37:34 in a person you are talking to,

00:37:36 do not rush to take the first step.

00:37:38 Maybe someone else in the room

00:37:40 is the object of his attraction.

00:37:42 Or maybe it's just a perfectionist

00:37:44 who always wants to look beautiful

00:37:46 in the eyes of others.

00:37:48 The wrinkles around the eyes

00:37:50 allow you to know if a smile is authentic or not.

00:37:52 When someone simulates a smile,

00:37:54 you will notice that his eyes

00:37:56 do not smile at the same time as his lips.

00:37:58 In addition, false smiles are not contagious,

00:38:00 so you will probably not feel

00:38:02 the desire to smile back.

00:38:04 The question can be easily resolved

00:38:06 with a good spontaneous joke.

00:38:08 A tight jaw indicates anxiety.

00:38:10 Whether you notice it or not,

00:38:12 if you meet someone who has a tight jaw,

00:38:14 it means that this person

00:38:16 is probably thinking about something stressful.

00:38:18 Your facial muscles,

00:38:20 especially your jaws,

00:38:22 can remain tight for years.

00:38:24 Singing and special relaxation exercises

00:38:26 will help to erase the mark of worries

00:38:28 on your face.

00:38:30 When a speaker is nervous,

00:38:32 stress can partially paralyze his jaw

00:38:34 and make his voice unnatural.

00:38:36 If this speaker also has nervous

00:38:38 whole-courts and irregular breathing,

00:38:40 it is that something is bothering him.

00:38:42 The facial muscles show

00:38:44 authentic emotions symmetrically.

00:38:46 If one side of the face is more expressive

00:38:48 than the other,

00:38:50 it can be a sign of emotion simulation.

00:38:52 Remember that there is no

00:38:54 perfectly symmetrical face in nature.

00:38:56 If you know someone who has such a face,

00:38:58 this person is probably a robot.

00:39:00 Asymmetrical false emotions

00:39:02 are generally manifested by a raised eyebrow

00:39:04 or a twisted, distorted smile

00:39:06 on one side.

00:39:08 If a person experiences intense emotions

00:39:10 but tries to remain calm and authoritative,

00:39:12 this can lead to blinking of the eyes

00:39:14 at once.

00:39:16 Sudden redness is generally

00:39:18 involuntary and triggered by intense emotions

00:39:20 such as embarrassment, shyness,

00:39:22 guilt or romantic feelings.

00:39:24 These emotional triggers

00:39:26 force the body to release adrenaline,

00:39:28 which stimulates the nervous system

00:39:30 and dilates the blood vessels.

00:39:32 In most cases, redness

00:39:34 sends a signal indicating that the person

00:39:36 is trying to avoid any unnecessary attention.

00:39:38 In addition, red cheeks

00:39:40 often indicate people who are afraid

00:39:42 that their secrets are publicly revealed.

00:39:44 Some people have a genetic tendency

00:39:46 to blush more intensely than others.

00:39:48 Even a slight stress can cause

00:39:50 a redness of the skin on their cheeks,

00:39:52 ears and throat.

00:39:54 So take your time before jumping to conclusions

00:39:56 and observe other signs.

00:39:58 When a person stretches

00:40:00 his arms in an apparently comfortable posture,

00:40:02 it means that he feels comfortable

00:40:04 and relaxed in your company.

00:40:06 On the contrary, raising a hand

00:40:08 under the level of the head indicates

00:40:10 insecurity and shyness.

00:40:12 When someone holds his drink or phone

00:40:14 at the level of his heart,

00:40:16 it can mean a subconscious desire

00:40:18 to protect himself from the world.

00:40:20 On the contrary, holding these objects

00:40:22 at the level of the waist reveals a certain security

00:40:24 and an openness to communication.

00:40:26 If a person's palms are turned up,

00:40:28 it means that they suggest or ask for something.

00:40:30 Most people associate open palms

00:40:32 with authenticity, honesty

00:40:34 and fidelity.

00:40:36 On the contrary, when the palms are turned down,

00:40:38 it indicates a plaintive and demanding mood.

00:40:40 Using the gestural hand

00:40:42 during a speech will help your audience

00:40:44 to understand the new information more easily.

00:40:46 And it's just not to swing

00:40:48 your arms too actively or too high.

00:40:50 People might think

00:40:52 that you are too dramatic

00:40:54 and you would lose their attention.

00:40:56 Putting your hands in your pockets

00:40:58 is not the best choice either.

00:41:00 It can be a sign of arrogance,

00:41:02 lack of sincerity or the idea

00:41:04 that you are hiding secrets.

00:41:06 When people are really focused on a conversation,

00:41:08 their palms usually don't move.

00:41:10 If you are talking to someone

00:41:12 and you notice that this person is

00:41:14 playing the piano with his fingers on the table

00:41:16 or on his chair, it's a sign that

00:41:18 what you are saying is not interesting to him.

00:41:20 When you hear something nice,

00:41:22 but at the same time the person pronouncing it

00:41:24 is pointing fingers,

00:41:26 she is probably exaggerating, lying

00:41:28 or making fun of you.

00:41:30 Many people think that crossing arms

00:41:32 while talking is a bad habit

00:41:34 because the audience can perceive it

00:41:36 as a sign of vulnerability

00:41:38 and lack of self-confidence.

00:41:40 This rule also applies to the legs.

00:41:42 If you want to give the impression

00:41:44 of a confident and nice person,

00:41:46 try to stand up and sit down

00:41:48 without crossing your legs or arms.

00:41:50 Holding your hands behind your forearm

00:41:52 is a negative signal for the people

00:41:54 around you.

00:41:56 The more you hold your hand up,

00:41:58 the more you seem unhappy.

00:42:00 Tossing objects at random during a conversation

00:42:02 is a sign of attraction and commitment.

00:42:04 People generally prefer to play with felt,

00:42:06 elastic bands, glasses

00:42:08 and phone cases.

00:42:10 Tying a towel or doing origami

00:42:12 is also a sign of confidence and inspiration.

00:42:14 Playing with your eyebrows

00:42:16 can also send many signals.

00:42:18 Raising them briefly when making visual contact

00:42:20 with a familiar person

00:42:22 is a friendly sign, a way of saying

00:42:24 "I'm not afraid of you and I'm not avoiding you."

00:42:26 Frowning eyebrows can be a sign

00:42:28 of discontent and frustration.

00:42:30 If someone raises their eyebrows

00:42:32 during a conversation and keeps them up

00:42:34 for a long time, it is probably

00:42:36 a sign of surprise or excitement.

00:42:38 Touching one's face and neck

00:42:40 during a conversation, as well as covering

00:42:42 one's mouth, are common gestures

00:42:44 people make when they try to hide

00:42:46 their true emotions.

00:42:48 Tilting your head to one side is considered

00:42:50 a sign of confidence and sympathy.

00:42:52 Vital arteries that supply the brain

00:42:54 with oxygen are located in the neck.

00:42:56 People who feel any threat

00:42:58 will instinctively hide their arteries

00:43:00 by tucking their head into their shoulders.

00:43:02 People who tilt their heads

00:43:04 when communicating generally seem

00:43:06 much more attractive and trustworthy

00:43:08 because this gesture transmits positive signals.

00:43:10 You've got it all?

00:43:12 OK, so you'll be able to start

00:43:14 observing and analyzing your surroundings.

00:43:16 And... there!

00:43:20 Look! It's me on a roller coaster!

00:43:22 Totally unbearable!

00:43:24 As if I were on a children's ride!

00:43:26 And not on the world's fastest Grand 8!

00:43:28 But let's start with the beginning.

00:43:30 Rewinding to two months ago.

00:43:32 I'm late for work for the third time this week.

00:43:34 And this time, I'm definitely going to get fired.

00:43:36 Well, I didn't really like

00:43:38 this boring office job anyway.

00:43:40 You know what I like the most?

00:43:42 The roller coasters!

00:43:44 So when I saw a job offer

00:43:46 from a roller coaster tester,

00:43:48 I called them right away.

00:43:50 And my new job was to test

00:43:52 all the roller coasters

00:43:54 in the world's amusement parks.

00:43:56 The job was for 60 days.

00:43:58 And I was going to do roller coasters

00:44:00 every day for the next two months.

00:44:02 Day 1.

00:44:04 I wasn't the only one to get the job.

00:44:06 It turns out they hired different people

00:44:08 to test the roller coasters.

00:44:10 Men and women, old and young,

00:44:12 young and old.

00:44:14 We were supposed to just go around

00:44:16 each ride and then bring back our feelings.

00:44:18 The work started in New Jersey

00:44:20 with King Dacca,

00:44:22 the highest roller coasters in the world.

00:44:24 They are 139 meters high,

00:44:26 which is higher than the Statue of Liberty

00:44:28 or the Great Pyramid of Giza.

00:44:30 Day 2.

00:44:32 We went south and tested

00:44:34 the rides in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Virginia.

00:44:36 Some were not very fun.

00:44:38 And I need something more exciting.

00:44:40 I'm running out of energy.

00:44:42 And when I get back to the hotel

00:44:44 after a long day at work,

00:44:46 I'm not tired at all.

00:44:48 And I even do a little sport later in the evening.

00:44:50 Anyway, as fun as roller coasters are for us,

00:44:52 the brain sees, of course,

00:44:54 as a threat,

00:44:56 the fact of being suspended

00:44:58 hundreds of meters above the ground,

00:45:00 without being able to predict

00:45:02 which side we will be projected on.

00:45:04 When you are faced with a situation

00:45:06 that seems dangerous,

00:45:08 your brain releases adrenaline

00:45:10 that gives you a regain of energy

00:45:12 and you feel like you're flying.

00:45:14 Not three days ago,

00:45:16 I was rather overwhelmed by my own life.

00:45:18 I was worried about having to look for a job

00:45:20 and a new place to stay.

00:45:22 Now I'm not stressed anymore

00:45:24 and I ran 15 km in the evening.

00:45:26 When you do roller coasters,

00:45:28 your heart rate and blood pressure increase.

00:45:30 In addition, blood circulation improves

00:45:32 in your body,

00:45:34 which allows a greater flow of oxygen.

00:45:36 Maybe that's why I feel so good.

00:45:38 Whatever the reason,

00:45:40 I'm still going to do it.

00:45:42 Today, we spent part of the day

00:45:44 in Six Flags,

00:45:46 the most famous theme park in Latin America.

00:45:48 My favorite ride there was

00:45:50 Superman El Ultimo Escape.

00:45:52 The ride reaches a speed of 120 km/h

00:45:54 and has two loops

00:45:56 at 360 degrees.

00:45:58 Now we have finished with North America

00:46:00 and we are heading to South America

00:46:02 where we will spend a week.

00:46:04 I don't even feel tired,

00:46:06 even if I literally live in trains and planes,

00:46:08 traveling from one theme park to another.

00:46:10 And I still run these 15 km every day,

00:46:12 which surprises me.

00:46:14 We were also given a booklet

00:46:16 to study the history of the Russian mountains.

00:46:18 They were inspired by the sledge races

00:46:20 of the 18th century

00:46:22 on snowy hills.

00:46:24 This one was about 25 meters high

00:46:26 and had a slope of 50 degrees.

00:46:28 But the first Grand 8

00:46:30 was built in France in 1804

00:46:32 and it was a wheeled cart.

00:46:34 Day 15

00:46:36 We went to

00:46:38 amusement parks in Brazil,

00:46:40 Argentina and Chile.

00:46:42 As a professional,

00:46:44 I noticed that the Catapul

00:46:46 Aopiari ride in Brazil

00:46:48 was pretty nice.

00:46:50 It has a vertical loop

00:46:52 where you go first forward

00:46:54 then suddenly backwards.

00:46:56 We are finally heading to Europe.

00:46:58 I have never been there

00:47:00 and I am about to test

00:47:02 all the best rides in France,

00:47:04 but I am not very enthusiastic.

00:47:06 Yes, they are fun,

00:47:08 but I'm starting to get a little tired.

00:47:10 Well, it may be just the time difference.

00:47:12 After South America,

00:47:14 I noticed that the rides I like so much

00:47:16 have stopped being so exciting.

00:47:18 I don't feel so full of energy anymore,

00:47:20 it's quite the opposite.

00:47:22 When the working day is over,

00:47:24 I am exhausted as never before.

00:47:26 My brain had to get used to

00:47:28 something unusual happening all the time

00:47:30 and the rides become quite predictable.

00:47:32 In addition, my neck and my back

00:47:34 hurt a little.

00:47:36 All these sudden movements exert

00:47:38 a strong pressure.

00:47:40 And if most of my body is pressed

00:47:42 against a seat,

00:47:44 my head is not.

00:47:46 My neck does a lot of work

00:47:48 to support it and keep my head stable

00:47:50 while the ride takes me

00:47:52 in random directions.

00:47:54 So it's not surprising

00:47:56 that I'm starting to feel sick.

00:47:58 In addition, my brain and my internal organs

00:48:00 are not working as well as before.

00:48:02 I have to cancel my contract

00:48:04 and there are still 6 weeks to go.

00:48:06 Day 30

00:48:08 Europe was pretty nice.

00:48:10 There were some really cool rides.

00:48:12 My favorite was the Schur des Schernan

00:48:14 in Hansa Park, Germany.

00:48:16 It starts totally in the dark

00:48:18 and you ride while listening to epic music

00:48:20 without having any idea of what's next.

00:48:22 I was even impressed.

00:48:24 But I would have certainly appreciated it

00:48:26 more if it wasn't my 300th ride of the month.

00:48:28 I still feel sick

00:48:30 and I even had to buy some ointment

00:48:32 to feel better.

00:48:34 But it didn't help.

00:48:36 The next day, I go back to work.

00:48:38 At the hotel, the only thing I do

00:48:40 is to lie down and try to fall asleep.

00:48:42 Falling asleep has become very difficult

00:48:44 because of the adrenaline.

00:48:46 I relax and watch some movies.

00:48:48 I would like to be able to stop the trip

00:48:50 and go home to rest

00:48:52 after being dragged here and there all day.

00:48:54 But I can't.

00:48:56 Yippee! Just one more month to go.

00:48:58 Day 45

00:49:00 We went to the United Arab Emirates,

00:49:02 Japan, China.

00:49:04 Countries that have some of the best

00:49:06 theme parks in the world

00:49:08 and I have never been there.

00:49:10 We did the fastest roller coasters in the world.

00:49:12 They are called Formula Rossa

00:49:14 and are located in the United Arab Emirates.

00:49:16 They reach a speed of 240 km/h,

00:49:18 which is much more than

00:49:20 any speed limit in most countries.

00:49:22 Two months ago,

00:49:24 I would have screamed like crazy

00:49:26 if I had heard of such a thing.

00:49:28 But now, I worry more

00:49:30 about not collapsing.

00:49:32 I don't even remember the last time

00:49:34 when my neck didn't hurt.

00:49:36 I feel like my head is going to fall soon.

00:49:38 Every time I'm on roller coasters,

00:49:40 it becomes about five times heavier

00:49:42 and my poor neck and everything that supports it.

00:49:44 This is due to the gravity

00:49:46 that pulls me down,

00:49:48 towards the center of the Earth.

00:49:50 When you are on roller coasters,

00:49:52 the gravity is much stronger

00:49:54 than when you just stand on the ground.

00:49:56 And gravity is precisely

00:49:58 what makes roller coasters work.

00:50:00 They are designed in a multi-part way.

00:50:02 When you go up,

00:50:04 you accumulate energy.

00:50:06 Then, when you go down,

00:50:08 the energy is released.

00:50:10 Thus, the whole principle of roller coasters

00:50:12 is a combination of going up and down,

00:50:14 accumulation, then the release of energy.

00:50:16 But as you go up,

00:50:18 the force of gravity increases.

00:50:20 1 g is the normal force

00:50:22 that you feel when you are standing on the ground.

00:50:24 On average, a person can support

00:50:26 a force up to 5 g.

00:50:28 And that's about what you suffer on a ride.

00:50:30 By suffering the gravitational force

00:50:32 of 5 g, you start to weigh

00:50:34 five times more.

00:50:36 So if you normally weigh 68 kilos,

00:50:38 on a roller coaster, you will weigh 340 kilos.

00:50:40 And your head will also weigh

00:50:42 five times more.

00:50:44 So yes, that's why my neck hurts.

00:50:46 I'm going to get by.

00:50:48 I only have two weeks left.

00:50:50 Day 61

00:50:52 I'm finally home.

00:50:54 And I've never felt so good.

00:50:56 I have my peace and the experience

00:50:58 of being on all the best roller coasters

00:51:00 in the world.

00:51:02 But I'm so tired

00:51:04 that I only worry about my bed and having peace.

00:51:06 The good thing is

00:51:08 that I no longer worry about this difficult period

00:51:10 of my life before.

00:51:12 And even if I feel tired,

00:51:14 it was a rather healthy trip,

00:51:16 I think, however,

00:51:18 that I will stay away from roller coasters for a while.

00:51:20 I had my dose for a while.

00:51:22 Even twins do not have the same language.

00:51:26 The language is made up of

00:51:28 a set of mobile and powerful muscles

00:51:30 that never get tired.

00:51:32 It contains between 5,000 and 10,000

00:51:34 taste buds.

00:51:36 These little white and pink bumps on your tongue

00:51:38 are not taste buds,

00:51:40 but each of them has several

00:51:42 inside its superficial tissue.

00:51:44 Evolution gave us

00:51:46 taste buds so that we could stay alive.

00:51:48 For example,

00:51:50 bitter and sour flavors can tell you

00:51:52 that you are eating rotten food

00:51:54 or toxic plants.

00:51:56 The back of the tongue is more sensitive to bitter flavors,

00:51:58 which explains why we can spit

00:52:00 bad food before swallowing it.

00:52:02 The salty and sweet tastes allow us

00:52:04 to know if the food is rich in nutrients.

00:52:06 By the age of 60,

00:52:08 most people lose

00:52:10 half of their taste buds.

00:52:12 Indeed, your tongue is pretty cool

00:52:14 and these taste buds can be used

00:52:16 for biometric authentication,

00:52:18 just like digital taste buds.

00:52:20 Each of us has a different and unique

00:52:22 taste bud, so if you don't want to reveal

00:52:24 your secret identity, you just have to hide your tongue.

00:52:26 It's funny, isn't it?

00:52:28 Why do we have digital taste buds?

00:52:30 Scientists had many different theories

00:52:32 on the subject, but they now believe

00:52:34 that it is because digital taste buds

00:52:36 allow the skin to stretch more easily.

00:52:38 Thus, they allow us to avoid bulbs,

00:52:40 protect the skin from injuries

00:52:42 and improve our sense of touch.

00:52:44 Humans are not the only ones

00:52:46 with unique digital taste buds.

00:52:48 Koalas too.

00:52:50 Only about 7% of people are left-handed.

00:52:52 Left-handed people chew

00:52:54 most of the time the food on the left side of their mouths,

00:52:56 while right-handed people do it on the right side.

00:52:58 We lose about 5 kg of skin cells

00:53:00 every year.

00:53:02 But don't worry, we replace them quickly.

00:53:04 We produce 15 seconds more cells

00:53:06 than there are people living in the United States.

00:53:08 Our body regenerates permanently

00:53:10 and we replace our skin hundreds of times

00:53:12 throughout our life.

00:53:14 Yes, the whole body regenerates,

00:53:16 except the teeth.

00:53:18 It's the only part of the body that can't do it.

00:53:20 Our teeth are similar to that of a shark.

00:53:22 Their teeth also have a substance called

00:53:24 dentin inside, and they are as solid as ours.

00:53:26 Of course, theirs are more pointed

00:53:28 and thicker, but still.

00:53:30 Teeth are part of the human skeleton,

00:53:32 even if they are not considered bones.

00:53:34 You spend about 38 days of your life

00:53:36 brushing your teeth, and guess what?

00:53:38 You may brush them too much.

00:53:40 Indeed, they can become more sensitive

00:53:42 because they use natural enamel.

00:53:44 Your left and right lungs

00:53:46 are not the same size. The right one is bigger

00:53:48 because the left one shares its space with the heart.

00:53:50 Hockey is a symptom

00:53:52 that almost all mammals know from time to time,

00:53:54 and not just humans.

00:53:56 The record was set by a man

00:53:58 named Charles Osborne.

00:54:00 He couldn't stop hockeying for 68 years.

00:54:02 It seems like no one

00:54:04 has ever told him about the thing that consists of eating sugar.

00:54:06 There is only one part of your body

00:54:08 that doesn't receive a regular blood supply,

00:54:10 and that is your cornea.

00:54:12 It receives oxygen directly from the air.

00:54:14 Our eyes can differentiate

00:54:16 10 million different colors.

00:54:18 The muscles that help our eyes to focus on something

00:54:20 make about 100,000 movements per day.

00:54:22 If you wanted the muscles

00:54:24 of your legs to do the same job,

00:54:26 you would have to walk a very long distance,

00:54:28 at least 80 km.

00:54:30 We can't all see the infrared light

00:54:32 of our eyes. Only 1% of us

00:54:34 can see it.

00:54:36 And if you can see one of its rays,

00:54:38 it doesn't necessarily mean you can see the other.

00:54:40 Research shows that all people with blue eyes

00:54:42 in the world could be related

00:54:44 or at least share a very distant ancestor.

00:54:46 Scientists have examined individuals

00:54:48 with blue eyes from Turkey,

00:54:50 India, Jordan and Scandinavia.

00:54:52 They all had the same genetic sequence

00:54:54 of the color of their eyes.

00:54:56 They think this characteristic comes from a person

00:54:58 with blue eyes whose genes mutated

00:55:00 about 10,000 years ago.

00:55:02 Before that, the eyes were all simply

00:55:04 different shades of brown.

00:55:06 People with blue eyes are generally

00:55:08 a little more sensitive to pain than other individuals.

00:55:10 We blink about 20 times

00:55:12 an eye in a minute,

00:55:14 which means we do it more than 10 million times a year.

00:55:16 The fact that we look like a shark

00:55:18 also affects our eyes.

00:55:20 If a part of your eye is damaged,

00:55:22 you can replace it with a shark's.

00:55:24 It's convenient, isn't it?

00:55:26 We can't be naked with our eyes open.

00:55:28 It's very difficult to ignore your natural reflexes.

00:55:30 Eels also have their own life,

00:55:32 since only one eel lives about 150 days

00:55:34 before it falls.

00:55:36 We all have goosebumps

00:55:38 when we hear good news,

00:55:40 our favorite song or when it's ridiculously cold

00:55:42 in the freezing rain.

00:55:44 It's a reflex that comes from our ancestors.

00:55:46 It happens when we release adrenaline.

00:55:48 It makes us straighten our hair on our heads

00:55:50 and helps us look more imposing.

00:55:52 Aaaaaah!

00:55:54 Scary, isn't it?

00:55:56 Every human has 100 billion neurons

00:55:58 and a memory capacity of more than 4 Teraoctets,

00:56:00 which is huge.

00:56:02 Your brain uses more than a quarter of the oxygen

00:56:04 that your lungs absorb.

00:56:06 It's mainly composed of water,

00:56:08 more than 75%.

00:56:10 It's still well hydrated.

00:56:12 It's not true that humans only use

00:56:14 10% of their brain.

00:56:16 We use much more than that,

00:56:18 even during our sleep.

00:56:20 Most of our brain is constantly active,

00:56:22 but we don't ask for all the parts at the same time.

00:56:24 Of all the species, humans are the only ones

00:56:26 able to blush.

00:56:28 This phenomenon is due to an adrenaline rush.

00:56:30 When you feel your face turn red,

00:56:32 know that your stomach is red too.

00:56:34 It's weird.

00:56:36 When you crack your joints,

00:56:38 the sound you hear is that of tiny gas bubbles

00:56:40 that are released.

00:56:42 There are gas pockets trapped between your joints,

00:56:44 so when you stretch them, they make a dry noise.

00:56:46 Oh, how nice it is!

00:56:48 We use 43 muscles

00:56:50 when we brush our eyebrows,

00:56:52 but only 17 when we smile,

00:56:54 although scientists still disagree.

00:56:56 Anyway, smile!

00:56:58 An average person

00:57:00 eats around 33 tons of food

00:57:02 during their lifetime.

00:57:04 It's the equivalent of 6 elephants!

00:57:06 We breathe around 11,000 liters of air per day,

00:57:08 but we can't swallow and breathe at the same time.

00:57:10 Most people need

00:57:12 around 7 minutes to fall asleep,

00:57:14 and we're about the only living beings

00:57:16 to sleep on our backs.

00:57:18 Randy Gardner decided to try

00:57:20 a long sleep-deprivation.

00:57:22 In 1964, he stayed awake for 11 days,

00:57:24 or 264 hours.

00:57:26 I guess he had quite noisy voices.

00:57:28 Of all animals,

00:57:30 humans are the only ones with a chin.

00:57:32 When you're thirsty,

00:57:34 it means that the water you drink

00:57:36 is equal to 1% of your total body weight.

00:57:38 If it exceeds 5%,

00:57:40 you can even faint.

00:57:42 During your lifetime,

00:57:44 your body goes from 300 to 206 waters.

00:57:46 More than half of all your waters

00:57:48 are your ankles, hands and wrists.

00:57:50 The biggest human bone

00:57:52 is the thigh bone,

00:57:54 and the smallest is the calf bone.

00:57:56 It's inside your belly button.

00:57:58 Your nose can recognize a trillion different smells

00:58:00 and remember 50,000 of them.

00:58:02 Women smell better than men,

00:58:04 and the sense of smell

00:58:06 is 10,000 times more developed

00:58:08 than the sense of taste.

00:58:10 The surface of our lungs is almost equal

00:58:12 to a tennis court.

00:58:14 So, what is this sensation

00:58:16 when you see a ridge on a roller coaster

00:58:18 and your stomach goes up in your throat?

00:58:20 Well, the seat belt

00:58:22 keeps your body in place,

00:58:24 but your stomach, your intestines

00:58:26 and your small internal organs

00:58:28 benefit from a little freedom.

00:58:30 It doesn't hurt you,

00:58:32 but your nerves can't understand what's going on.

00:58:34 They really think your stomach

00:58:36 has made a jump in your throat.

00:58:38 We're all taller in the morning

00:58:40 because during the day,

00:58:42 the cartilage between our bones compresses.

00:58:44 The nose and ears

00:58:46 are parts of the body that never stop growing.

00:58:48 It's mostly thanks to gravity.

00:58:50 The veins and arteries inside your body

00:58:52 are long enough to go around the world

00:58:54 twice.

00:58:56 Blood represents about 8% of your body weight.

00:58:58 When you listen to music,

00:59:00 the beats of your heart

00:59:02 synchronize with the general atmosphere of the song.

00:59:04 So, choose wisely.

00:59:06 Your skin is the largest organ of your body.

00:59:08 It accounts for about 15% of your total weight.

00:59:10 Know that you can burn

00:59:12 more calories by sleeping than by watching TV.

00:59:14 Hmm...

00:59:16 What if we slept while the TV was still on?

00:59:18 Humans have tails.

00:59:20 Okay, it sounds weird, I know.

00:59:22 But it's true.

00:59:24 While our body is still growing in the uterus,

00:59:26 around the 31st or 35th day,

00:59:28 we can really start to have it.

00:59:30 At that precise moment,

00:59:32 you have a tail. It's inside you.

00:59:34 It's part of your coccyx,

00:59:36 to be more precise.

00:59:38 If you were to do a X-ray right now

00:59:40 and ask the doctor to show you your tail,

00:59:42 you would see small bone segments

00:59:44 at the bottom of your spine.

00:59:46 We lost our tails during decades of evolution.

00:59:48 Imagine that we still have our tails.

00:59:50 We would have to redraw our pants.

00:59:52 They might have a special hole

00:59:54 or even a pocket for our tail.

00:59:56 Sitting down would be a bit uncomfortable.

00:59:58 That's the least we can say.

01:00:00 Our ancestors also had fur.

01:00:02 We lost it about 1.2 million years ago.

01:00:04 You might think that we still have fur,

01:00:06 that is, our forefathers,

01:00:08 on our bodies.

01:00:10 But that's nothing compared to what we had before.

01:00:12 We had thick fur,

01:00:14 like chimpanzees and gorillas,

01:00:16 because we needed it to stay warm.

01:00:18 If you live in a glacial place like Alaska,

01:00:20 you might be opposed to having lost this fur.

01:00:22 But you can also see things from another angle.

01:00:24 Losing our fur

01:00:26 allows us to enjoy

01:00:28 a little more of the good days.

01:00:30 When we all lived in groups,

01:00:32 we shared certain things

01:00:34 that were not all positive.

01:00:36 It is possible that humans

01:00:38 with less hair or fur

01:00:40 were less likely to get sick

01:00:42 because they did not have as many parasites

01:00:44 as chickens or ticks.

01:00:46 This is perhaps the reason

01:00:48 why we evolved to finally lose our fur

01:00:50 and become what we are today.

01:00:52 Although I must admit that having

01:00:54 an integrated heating system

01:00:56 would be very useful right now.

01:00:58 I would no longer need to keep this blanket on my legs.

01:01:00 Oh no, not again!

01:01:02 Let me just take a cup of water

01:01:04 to get this hockey out of here.

01:01:06 Ah, that's much better.

01:01:08 OK, in reality,

01:01:10 it's not that easy to stop hockey.

01:01:12 But why is it so difficult

01:01:14 to get rid of it?

01:01:16 Well, it could be due to a strange characteristic

01:01:18 of a past evolution.

01:01:20 A theory suggests that hockey

01:01:22 is no longer useful

01:01:24 and that we only do it

01:01:26 because we are amphibians.

01:01:28 Our ancestors had both lungs

01:01:30 and gills.

01:01:32 When we went underwater,

01:01:34 the entrance or "globe" of their lungs closed.

01:01:36 Today, we still have this mechanism

01:01:38 of closing the globe,

01:01:40 but it is useless because we do not live underwater.

01:01:42 What an injustice!

01:01:44 If we have to suffer the discomfort of hockey,

01:01:46 we should at least be able

01:01:48 to make a profit of it.

01:01:50 Imagine, you start playing hockey

01:01:52 and it's like a superpower.

01:01:54 You stop breathing with your lungs

01:01:56 and you start using branches.

01:01:58 It would be great, especially for those

01:02:00 who have never swum.

01:02:02 Most of our teeth

01:02:04 adapt perfectly to our mouth.

01:02:06 But there are 4 teeth that arrive late

01:02:08 and spoil everything.

01:02:10 I'm talking about wisdom teeth.

01:02:12 They are useless,

01:02:14 but humans and some primates have them.

01:02:16 However, lucky species like tamarins

01:02:18 do not have to worry about it.

01:02:20 About 35% of people do not even have wisdom teeth.

01:02:22 We may be on the verge of losing them completely,

01:02:24 once and for all.

01:02:26 No need to go to the dentist to remove them.

01:02:28 In Ireland,

01:02:30 there are a lot of people with wavy hair.

01:02:32 Like, really a lot.

01:02:34 More than 30%.

01:02:36 It makes a lot of wavy hair in the world.

01:02:38 It is the result of genetic drift.

01:02:40 Genetic drift is when a characteristic

01:02:42 is transmitted by ancestors

01:02:44 without really having a reason for being.

01:02:46 This is exactly why some people

01:02:48 have wavy hair.

01:02:50 So if you have wavy hair,

01:02:52 there is no real reason for it.

01:02:54 It just comes from your ancestors

01:02:56 who passed it on to another member of your family.

01:02:58 And finally, to you.

01:03:00 In our mother's uterus,

01:03:02 at 16 weeks,

01:03:04 we feel a strong desire to grab the umbilical cord

01:03:06 and we do it.

01:03:08 Monkeys do it too,

01:03:10 and there is a good explanation for that.

01:03:12 It is because when they are in nature,

01:03:14 they need to cling to their parents' fur.

01:03:16 Humans used to do the same,

01:03:18 but since we have lost all our fur,

01:03:20 we no longer need to develop

01:03:22 this involuntary prevention.

01:03:24 It is called a reflex of palmar prevention.

01:03:26 Open your mouth wide and say "Aaaaaah".

01:03:28 Well, I can see your amygdala now.

01:03:30 But what is it for?

01:03:32 If you think about it,

01:03:34 it causes more problems than benefits.

01:03:36 Amygdala appear as a way

01:03:38 to protect us from germs

01:03:40 and other unpleasant things

01:03:42 when we eat food.

01:03:44 However, most often,

01:03:46 they only give us a horrible sore throat.

01:03:48 This is why it is very common

01:03:50 that people want to get rid of it.

01:03:52 Imagine a small pocket.

01:03:54 We have one inside our body.

01:03:56 Not exactly like that,

01:03:58 but an organ that looks

01:04:00 like a pocket, our appendix.

01:04:02 Scientists thought it was completely useless,

01:04:04 but have recently discovered

01:04:06 that it could actually serve something.

01:04:08 However, like amygdala,

01:04:10 it often causes more problems

01:04:12 than benefits.

01:04:14 It is not uncommon for people

01:04:16 to have their appendix removed

01:04:18 without it being of real consequence.

01:04:20 So, don't be so worried about it.

01:04:22 It may have helped our ancestors

01:04:24 in the past, but appendix problems

01:04:26 can cause a big stomach ache.

01:04:28 Ok, you know how some people

01:04:30 can move their ears weirdly,

01:04:32 like that.

01:04:34 I can't do it, but you

01:04:36 could be able to do it, and it's up to you.

01:04:38 Some of us can do it

01:04:40 because, like other animals,

01:04:42 we have a muscle called the auricular muscle,

01:04:44 but it is useless.

01:04:46 Cats, on the other hand,

01:04:48 can move their ears quite well,

01:04:50 if only we could learn from them.

01:04:52 They look forward and detect a sound

01:04:54 behind them without moving their head,

01:04:56 just their ears.

01:04:58 It's a pretty cool skill,

01:05:00 in my opinion.

01:05:02 You reach as far as you can with your arm,

01:05:04 your hand too.

01:05:06 Now, connect your thumb

01:05:08 to your little finger.

01:05:10 You may see a line appear on your wrist.

01:05:12 What you see is called the longus palmaris,

01:05:14 and about 90% of the world population

01:05:16 has a longus palmaris.

01:05:18 Statistically speaking,

01:05:20 you may have reached it too.

01:05:22 At the time, our ancestors needed

01:05:24 all the help they could get

01:05:26 to climb trees and grab objects.

01:05:28 But when we started walking,

01:05:30 these muscles became completely useless.

01:05:32 Monkeys, on the other hand,

01:05:34 still climb trees easily.

01:05:36 They have a muscle in their feet

01:05:38 called the plantar muscle,

01:05:40 also known as the monkey muscle.

01:05:42 We have it too,

01:05:44 like the longus palmaris.

01:05:46 About 10% of people are born without this muscle.

01:05:48 There is a good chance

01:05:50 that if monkeys hang on a branch,

01:05:52 it's the muscle they use.

01:05:54 If you want to eat at 3 a.m.,

01:05:56 it's because you're hungry.

01:05:58 You probably already know it,

01:06:00 but what you don't know is that hunger

01:06:02 has evolved like a trigger

01:06:04 that makes us look for more food.

01:06:06 So, if you still have a few kilos too much

01:06:08 that you want to get rid of,

01:06:10 you know what to do.

01:06:12 Even the most hungry ancestors

01:06:14 would have been forced to look for food

01:06:16 and would have survived to pass on this feature.

01:06:18 Our love of sweet snacks,

01:06:20 like delicious chocolate cookies

01:06:22 and milk, is also due to evolution.

01:06:24 Our taste buds have evolved

01:06:26 just like hunger

01:06:28 to help us find beneficial food for us.

01:06:30 You're walking around

01:06:32 and you're struck by a fresh breeze.

01:06:34 Since you're only wearing a T-shirt,

01:06:36 you decide to go home.

01:06:38 You go home with a snap of your fingers

01:06:40 and you also have chicken skin.

01:06:42 We take this from our ancestors in Furur.

01:06:44 When it was cold, they had chicken skin

01:06:46 and their fur would fray.

01:06:48 This trapped the air and isolated their body,

01:06:50 like a pretty coat of wool.

01:06:52 We no longer have fur,

01:06:54 so it's not very useful.

01:06:56 Evolution also explains why you can have

01:06:58 chicken skin when you're scared.

01:07:00 Imagine you're a caveman in nature

01:07:02 when suddenly a tiger jumps at you.

01:07:04 It starts to growl at you.

01:07:06 Don't worry, your hair frays

01:07:08 and you look like a giant.

01:07:10 The big, pointy fur shyly

01:07:12 runs away.

01:07:14 You know, we don't need 5 toes.

01:07:16 You do the laundry and your hands are full.

01:07:18 You let a towel escape.

01:07:20 What do you do?

01:07:22 You pick it up with your feet, of course.

01:07:24 This is possible thanks to our 5th toe,

01:07:26 but we could easily do without it.

01:07:28 Since we walk standing up

01:07:30 and we don't need to jump from branch to branch,

01:07:32 this toe is practically useless.

01:07:34 We can walk very well

01:07:36 and even run with 4 toes,

01:07:38 maybe even less.

01:07:40 Who knows, maybe in the future

01:07:42 humans will only have 4 toes on each foot.

01:07:44 You're a scientist

01:07:46 who spent the last few years

01:07:48 studying the brain's abilities

01:07:50 and built a machine capable of downloading

01:07:52 any data in a human mind.

01:07:54 Do you want to become a lawyer?

01:07:56 Download all the legal knowledge on your brain.

01:07:58 Do you need to learn a new language?

01:08:00 Just put on a special headset

01:08:02 that connects to your mind

01:08:04 via the computer.

01:08:06 You usually lose consciousness for a few minutes

01:08:08 while the information is being downloaded.

01:08:10 Then you can feel tired for several hours

01:08:12 because your brain needs a little time

01:08:14 to assimilate the new data.

01:08:16 But now you've decided to download

01:08:18 much more than a job.

01:08:20 You want to download an electronic library

01:08:22 with millions of books to become

01:08:24 the most educated person in the world.

01:08:26 You put on a headset, you start the program,

01:08:28 but you forget a simple but important thing.

01:08:30 The brain must process all the information

01:08:32 you don't actually use.

01:08:34 During sleep, the human brain analyzes

01:08:36 and processes all the information

01:08:38 received during the day.

01:08:40 You start the machine and you fall

01:08:42 into an endless black abyss.

01:08:44 You are climbing an incredibly high mountain.

01:08:46 You don't remember how you got here

01:08:48 or how long you've been doing this.

01:08:50 All you know is that you have to get to the top.

01:08:52 You cross the clouds.

01:08:54 The blue sky is replaced by black space.

01:08:56 The top is higher than the International Space Station.

01:08:58 You look at the mountain

01:09:00 and you see that it's not just a rock,

01:09:02 but books.

01:09:04 You are climbing a huge pile of books.

01:09:06 Chemical formulas, fish,

01:09:08 huge people, tables

01:09:10 with mathematical formulas that fly in all directions.

01:09:12 You stop to catch yourself, but you don't fall.

01:09:14 You float in space and you fly

01:09:16 to the top.

01:09:18 There is a bright light. You get closer and closer.

01:09:20 Something happens and you fall

01:09:22 at full speed.

01:09:24 Someone pulls you to the ground.

01:09:26 You regain your senses, slightly angry

01:09:28 and your dream ends.

01:09:30 You wake up, but you see nothing and you don't remember anything.

01:09:32 In the darkness,

01:09:34 there are flashes of light and you realize

01:09:36 that your eyes are closed.

01:09:38 You make an incredible effort and you finally open them.

01:09:40 You don't know where you are and your brain

01:09:42 slowly assimilates information about your environment.

01:09:44 You want to get out of bed and understand

01:09:46 what's going on, but you can't.

01:09:48 Your muscles don't want to obey.

01:09:50 You can't turn your neck.

01:09:52 Each movement is difficult and your mouth is dry.

01:09:54 Your eyes close because your eyelids are difficult

01:09:56 to keep open.

01:09:58 You want to call for help, but you can't scream.

01:10:00 Your vocal cords are too weak and the muscles

01:10:02 of your jaw don't allow you to open your mouth wide.

01:10:04 Your friend comes into the room

01:10:06 and tells you not to worry.

01:10:08 She says you slept for a month.

01:10:10 And that's what happened to your brain

01:10:12 and your body during all this time.

01:10:14 Our sleep is made up of two parts.

01:10:16 The non-rapid eye movements,

01:10:18 NREM, and the

01:10:20 REM, rapid eye movements.

01:10:22 NREM sleep is the deepest

01:10:24 sleep and is made up of

01:10:26 several phases. We call it that because

01:10:28 our eyes don't move during this period.

01:10:30 The activity of the brain decreases and the mind

01:10:32 rests. It is said that during NREM sleep,

01:10:34 our subconscious is active.

01:10:36 It analyzes all the experiences

01:10:38 we have lived during the day.

01:10:40 Then the brain slowly starts to get out

01:10:42 of the deep phase to move on to

01:10:44 the REM phase. Your eyes

01:10:46 move quickly behind your eyelids and

01:10:48 you can have very lively dreams.

01:10:50 The two phases cumulated last about

01:10:52 an hour and a half to two hours and are repeated

01:10:54 several times in the same night. The NREM phase

01:10:56 lasts most of this time,

01:10:58 while the REM phase lasts 15 to

01:11:00 30 minutes. If your body is

01:11:02 sufficiently rested, you wake up just after

01:11:04 a REM phase. If you need more

01:11:06 rest, then you go back to the

01:11:08 deep phase after the REM phase.

01:11:10 On average, a person goes through three or

01:11:12 four phases per night. You had more

01:11:14 than 350 of these phases during

01:11:16 last month. The REM phase is important

01:11:18 because it receives all the information

01:11:20 your subconscious and treats them. This is how

01:11:22 we make dreams. You might think

01:11:24 that a dream makes no sense, but it is

01:11:26 related to the events and sensations you

01:11:28 have experienced during the day. When you

01:11:30 downloaded the library containing millions

01:11:32 of books in your mind, it took a lot

01:11:34 more time to process such an amount of

01:11:36 information than a regular 8-hour sleep.

01:11:38 You only remember a small part of your

01:11:40 dream and your consciousness does not feel

01:11:42 like a whole month has passed.

01:11:44 All the knowledge processing downloaded

01:11:46 was hidden by your subconscious.

01:11:48 You dreamed that you were climbing

01:11:50 a summit that symbolized knowledge.

01:11:52 It was your last REM phase in this dream.

01:11:54 That's why you remember it so well.

01:11:56 The level of your erudition is incredible

01:11:58 now. But what good is it if you are

01:12:00 now completely powerless to move?

01:12:02 Your body has gone through a real

01:12:04 ordeal this month. During the first

01:12:06 days of sleep, your body does not change

01:12:08 much. Your brain, knowing that you are

01:12:10 asleep, produces a special hormone that

01:12:12 makes you not want to go to the bathroom.

01:12:14 In addition, during sleep, your body

01:12:16 relaxes and your muscles relax completely.

01:12:18 Without physical effort, the muscle fibers

01:12:20 become weaker and smaller.

01:12:22 You lose 1 to 5% of your muscle mass

01:12:24 every day. Blood circulation

01:12:26 is disturbed. The muscles do not receive

01:12:28 energy and weaken so much that they

01:12:30 atrophy. After a month, they become

01:12:32 like a thin layer of ice.

01:12:34 This does not apply only to your arms

01:12:36 and legs. Your face cannot express

01:12:38 emotions and you cannot open your eyes.

01:12:40 A few days after falling asleep, the body

01:12:42 begins to suffer from severe dehydration.

01:12:44 After a week, a large percentage of the

01:12:46 liquid contained in your body disappears.

01:12:48 Humidity is extracted from the tissues

01:12:50 of the skin, fat and muscles

01:12:52 to maintain your overall health.

01:12:54 To preserve the humidity and energy

01:12:56 of the body, it cools down.

01:12:58 After a few weeks, you are not

01:13:00 much warmer than a can of soda in a

01:13:02 refrigerator. A month later, you look

01:13:04 more like a big piece of ice.

01:13:06 Every day, less and less vitamins

01:13:08 and nutrients are distributed in your body.

01:13:10 Imagine that the blood system is a large

01:13:12 highway with thousands of cars,

01:13:14 where each car is a necessary element

01:13:16 for the functioning of the body.

01:13:18 Every day, the number of cars decreases

01:13:20 as well as their speed. After a month,

01:13:22 the road is almost empty. The metabolism

01:13:24 is stopped. All your organs, except

01:13:26 your heart and your lungs, almost stop

01:13:28 working because the body does not need it.

01:13:30 The kidneys do not filter the incoming liquids.

01:13:32 The liver does not control the metabolism.

01:13:34 Because no substance penetrates the body anymore.

01:13:36 Because no substance penetrates the body anymore.

01:13:38 The lack of vitamins and nutrients

01:13:40 makes your bones as fragile as glass.

01:13:42 The brain also lacks nutrition.

01:13:44 It continues to acquire new knowledge,

01:13:46 but its reaction speed and its

01:13:48 ability to analyze decreases.

01:13:50 Almost all remaining body resources

01:13:52 are redirected to provide energy

01:13:54 to the brain. But this is still not enough.

01:13:56 After your awakening, it may be that

01:13:58 for a long time you do not understand

01:14:00 where you are, who you are, or what is happening.

01:14:02 The television is on in front of you,

01:14:04 but it takes a few seconds to realize it.

01:14:06 Your heart rate is reduced,

01:14:08 your heart does not work at full power.

01:14:10 You breathe so slowly and so

01:14:12 weakly that even a fly passing in front

01:14:14 of your nose can barely feel your breath.

01:14:16 Your body is now like a

01:14:18 laptop whose battery would be low.

01:14:20 The energy is just enough to display

01:14:22 the image, but the computer needs

01:14:24 to be charged. You would be at the same time

01:14:26 the smartest and most

01:14:28 powerless person in the world.

01:14:30 Fortunately, this did not happen to you because

01:14:32 during all this time you were helped by your friend.

01:14:34 She fed you with a tube and gave you

01:14:36 a set of vitamins.

01:14:38 Your body was covered with a blanket

01:14:40 that creates electric impulses.

01:14:42 Not too powerful to hurt you,

01:14:44 but enough for your muscles to contract.

01:14:46 You were in great shape during your sleep.

01:14:48 Of course, this is not enough

01:14:50 to wake up and feel energized.

01:14:52 In the first minutes, it was still

01:14:54 difficult to move, but after an hour

01:14:56 you get out of bed. Over the following

01:14:58 weeks, you restore your diet,

01:15:00 you do sports to tone your muscles,

01:15:02 you meditate and do exercises

01:15:04 to relieve your brain stress

01:15:06 and restore your nervous system.

01:15:08 New knowledge does not come immediately.

01:15:10 It comes by wave every day.

01:15:12 Today, you know all the works of

01:15:14 classical writers, and tomorrow

01:15:16 you will understand the latest achievements

01:15:18 in the field of neurosurgery.

01:15:20 With this knowledge, you decide to

01:15:22 start studying sleep. You loved

01:15:24 this dream of climbing the mountain so much

01:15:26 that you are about to create a device

01:15:28 that can record your dreams. Your plan is

01:15:30 to create a simple algorithm so that

01:15:32 your dreams can be displayed on

01:15:34 a computer screen once you wake up.

01:15:36 Yes, it is possible to rotate

01:15:40 your eyes, but you can't do it

01:15:42 without a little training. Our eyes

01:15:44 are equipped with four main muscles

01:15:46 that allow them to move from top to bottom

01:15:48 and from one side to the other. There are

01:15:50 actually two other muscles that we also use

01:15:52 without knowing it. These muscles help you

01:15:54 to roll or turn your eyes.

01:15:56 We can focus on something that turns

01:15:58 and our eyes will start to turn with it.

01:16:00 This helps us to have a stable image

01:16:02 and to keep a clear vision, like

01:16:04 an autofocus on a camera.

01:16:06 When you move your head from one side to the other

01:16:08 and from top to bottom, your eyes move

01:16:10 in the opposite direction.

01:16:12 The average human eye has three cones

01:16:14 that allow us to distinguish the red,

01:16:16 green and blue spectrums of light.

01:16:18 This gives us the ability to see

01:16:20 about a million different colors.

01:16:22 Tetrachromates also

01:16:24 perceive ultraviolet tones

01:16:26 because they have four types of cones in their eyes.

01:16:28 Pause the video to test yourself quickly.

01:16:30 How many colors can you distinguish?

01:16:32 There are 39 colors.

01:16:38 If you counted more,

01:16:40 you may be a tetrachromate.

01:16:42 Some animals, like bats

01:16:44 and dolphins, can see

01:16:46 using echolocation.

01:16:48 Some humans can also do something

01:16:50 similar called sonar flash.

01:16:52 They can use clickteams

01:16:54 to create a 3D image of an area

01:16:56 in their mind, allowing them

01:16:58 to move easily. The more they click,

01:17:00 the more flashes they receive on a room

01:17:02 or area, which allows them

01:17:04 to better understand the place.

01:17:06 Having absolute hearing is surprisingly rare.

01:17:08 Less than one person out of 10,000

01:17:10 have this ability.

01:17:12 It allows people to identify

01:17:14 musical notes with precision of all kinds.

01:17:16 One of the many advantages of this talent

01:17:18 is that it allows people to listen to a song

01:17:20 and to know immediately in what key

01:17:22 it is.

01:17:24 People with dysthiasis

01:17:26 are born with a second series of

01:17:28 eyelashes that grow from the inner layer

01:17:30 of the eyelid. Although this

01:17:32 may seem pretty to some,

01:17:34 these extra eyelashes can irritate the eye

01:17:36 and cause problems such as light sensitivity,

01:17:38 drooping eyelids,

01:17:40 tears and an inflammation.

01:17:42 There are some ways to treat

01:17:44 this condition, such as soft lenses,

01:17:46 lasers and cryotherapy.

01:17:48 The Dutch health guru

01:17:50 Wim Hof

01:17:52 says that his breathing,

01:17:54 meditation and training

01:17:56 helped him to acquire all kinds of

01:17:58 superhuman abilities.

01:18:00 He trained his body to adapt to extreme

01:18:02 temperatures and even learned to increase

01:18:04 his own body temperature.

01:18:06 He was also able to adapt more quickly

01:18:08 to changes in altitude.

01:18:10 He even said that his training methods

01:18:12 and his strict diet and physical

01:18:14 regime have improved

01:18:16 his immune system.

01:18:18 We are supposed to sleep between 7 and

01:18:20 8 hours every night to function properly

01:18:22 the next day. But there are

01:18:24 lucky people who only need

01:18:26 6 hours or less per night.

01:18:28 This is due to a genetic anomaly

01:18:30 and there doesn't seem to be any

01:18:32 harmful effects to be reached by it.

01:18:34 We have about 10,000

01:18:36 taste buds, but some people

01:18:38 have much more than that.

01:18:40 They are called super-tasters.

01:18:42 But because of their powerful

01:18:44 ability to taste, sweet foods

01:18:46 like oranges, strawberries and candies

01:18:48 are almost too sweet for them.

01:18:50 While bitter foods like broccoli,

01:18:52 cabbage, spinach,

01:18:54 pamplemousse and coffee

01:18:56 are too strong.

01:18:58 Most people have a total of 24

01:19:00 taste buds, but there is a chance that you

01:19:02 are one of the few to have 25.

01:19:04 About 1 person out of 200

01:19:06 has an additional cervical taste

01:19:08 just above the first taste bud.

01:19:10 It is generally not noticed

01:19:12 because it is above the clavicle

01:19:14 and is rather thin.

01:19:16 But it is very likely that you have

01:19:18 a navel turned inwards since

01:19:20 only 10% of the world's population

01:19:22 has a navel that protrudes

01:19:24 outwards.

01:19:26 This has nothing to do with

01:19:28 the way our umbilical cord

01:19:30 is cut. Our navel

01:19:32 stores a little fat under it,

01:19:34 and that's what determines the type of navel you'll have

01:19:36 in the end. So don't blame the

01:19:38 wise woman, the type you have is

01:19:40 entirely due to your genes.

01:19:42 If you have already experienced high altitude,

01:19:44 you will know how painful it is

01:19:46 for your body. Even the simple

01:19:48 fact of climbing a hill on foot

01:19:50 can be a difficult task.

01:19:52 But just give yourself a few days

01:19:54 and things will get easier.

01:19:56 Your lungs, your blood cells

01:19:58 and your body will adapt faster

01:20:00 than you think, allowing you

01:20:02 to keep this precious oxygen longer.

01:20:04 This adaptation will last

01:20:06 as long as you stay at altitude

01:20:08 and back to a normal altitude

01:20:10 you will return to normal after a while.

01:20:12 When we immerse ourselves

01:20:14 in water, it lowers our heart rate

01:20:16 and slows down our oxygen consumption.

01:20:18 In recent years,

01:20:20 apneas have pushed the limits

01:20:22 of the human lungs by going

01:20:24 down to a record depth of

01:20:26 214 meters. A person

01:20:28 even held his breath for more than

01:20:30 22 minutes under water.

01:20:32 We don't yet know what the limit is,

01:20:34 but we push it back non-stop.

01:20:36 When a person has a photographic memory

01:20:38 or a total memory,

01:20:40 it is called "aedetic memory".

01:20:42 It is the ability to remember

01:20:44 sounds, images or other details

01:20:46 with precision.

01:20:48 Some people can even have a date

01:20:50 indicated in a calendar dating

01:20:52 from years ago and tell you

01:20:54 what day it was exactly.

01:20:56 Unfortunately, you can't get a

01:20:58 aedetic memory with training,

01:21:00 you have to be born with it.

01:21:02 An ultramarathon runner named Dean Karnadzes

01:21:04 ran a distance of 563 km

01:21:06 and did not sleep for three days.

01:21:08 He is known for having run

01:21:10 50 marathons in the 50

01:21:12 American states in 50 consecutive days.

01:21:14 He accomplished this feat

01:21:16 by finishing the New York marathon

01:21:18 in just three hours.

01:21:20 Some people have an incredible ability

01:21:22 to find their way without using a compass

01:21:24 or even the stars.

01:21:26 This unique navigation ability

01:21:28 is linked to the force of signals emitted

01:21:30 in a certain part of the brain

01:21:32 called the anterior cortex.

01:21:34 Place the back of your wrist

01:21:36 and your forearm on a table

01:21:38 then join your thumb

01:21:40 to your ear.

01:21:42 Do you see a muscle rising

01:21:44 in the middle of your forearm?

01:21:46 If you don't see it, don't worry,

01:21:48 it's a vestibular muscle.

01:21:50 This means it's no longer useful.

01:21:52 It's an old muscle

01:21:54 that we used to climb

01:21:56 and about 10% of the human population

01:21:58 no longer has it.

01:22:00 If you can move your ears,

01:22:02 you can thank your auricular muscles.

01:22:04 These are the ones outside your ear.

01:22:06 And even if you can't,

01:22:08 these muscles are still there.

01:22:10 Compared to other mammals,

01:22:12 our ears can't move much.

01:22:14 Some mammals can turn their ears

01:22:16 completely to locate sounds.

01:22:18 Just look at your dog or cat.

01:22:20 The third eye of a dog

01:22:22 can be a little scary the first time

01:22:24 you see it, but we also have

01:22:26 a kind of third eye.

01:22:28 However, this part of the human body

01:22:30 cannot move on its own

01:22:32 and it's a very small part of the inner corner

01:22:34 of your eye.

01:22:36 It is likely that it was once used for something,

01:22:38 but it is almost useless now.

01:22:40 Sometimes you just need to cry

01:22:42 a lot and it's good for your health.

01:22:44 Crying helps

01:22:46 to release your stress hormones.

01:22:48 It can also stimulate

01:22:50 the production of endorphins,

01:22:52 which is also the natural response

01:22:54 of our body to aspirin.

01:22:56 Your brain is renewed

01:22:58 every two months,

01:23:00 every six weeks,

01:23:02 your epidermis every month,

01:23:04 even the wall of your stomach

01:23:06 is replaced every few days.

01:23:08 If your body didn't do that,

01:23:10 the acids inside your stomach

01:23:12 would not only digest food,

01:23:14 it would also start to digest you.

01:23:16 Human lungs

01:23:18 contain about 2,400 km of respiratory

01:23:20 voice and a total surface

01:23:22 of about 70 m² if they were flat.

01:23:24 Your lungs are in service

01:23:26 24 hours a day,

01:23:28 and they are used to keep you alive

01:23:30 and make you breathe.

01:23:32 They make 12 to 15 breaths per minute,

01:23:34 or about 17,000 per day.

01:23:36 Your left lung

01:23:38 is slightly smaller than your right lung

01:23:40 to make room for your big heart.

01:23:42 After years of wear and tear,

01:23:44 your feet can weaken

01:23:46 enough to seem to grow.

01:23:48 This can lead to the flattening

01:23:50 of our plantar vaults,

01:23:52 which means wider and longer feet in the long run.

01:23:54 This does not happen to everyone,

01:23:56 but it is not uncommon for people

01:23:58 to have swollen ankles.

01:24:00 But don't worry,

01:24:02 at 70 or 80,

01:24:04 your feet will only have taken one size.

01:24:06 Taste is heavily influenced

01:24:08 by the temperature of what you eat or drink.

01:24:10 For example, hot coffee

01:24:12 seems less bitter and tastes better

01:24:14 because the heat deceives our taste buds

01:24:16 and detects bitterness.

01:24:18 The same goes for cold coffee.

01:24:20 Cold masks the taste of bitterness

01:24:22 and creates a more pleasant aftertaste.

01:24:24 But the taste and smell are not the same

01:24:26 because bitterness is stronger.

01:24:28 Brushing your teeth too aggressively

01:24:30 is quite possible,

01:24:32 and it is not good for your teeth at all.

01:24:34 This will wear out the enamel

01:24:36 and make them more sensitive to hot and cold foods.

01:24:38 Teeth do not heal on their own,

01:24:40 so you have to take care of them.

01:24:42 Slow down your brushing

01:24:44 and take two full minutes to clean your teeth.

01:24:46 Don't forget to use dental floss.

01:24:48 Every time we bathe,

01:24:50 we use the muscles of our mouth

01:24:52 and our tongue,

01:24:54 and this contact can compress some glands

01:24:56 that produce saliva.

01:24:58 As a result, we can project a tiny grain of saliva

01:25:00 without even realizing it.

01:25:02 But it can reach 30 cm or more.

01:25:04 I had a friend at university

01:25:06 who could do that at will.

01:25:08 It was impressive!

01:25:10 It turns out that saliva

01:25:12 is actually filtered blood.

01:25:14 Blood is treated with dedicated glands

01:25:16 and special cells absorb

01:25:18 its properties.

01:25:20 Blood becomes saliva.

01:25:22 Another topic.

01:25:24 If your brain was a USB drive,

01:25:26 it would be a real crazy thing.

01:25:28 The capacity of our brain

01:25:30 is somewhere between 10 and 100 Teraoctets.

01:25:32 Some scientists

01:25:34 claim that the complete spectrum

01:25:36 can reach 2.5 Petaoctets.

01:25:38 It looks like a dog snack, doesn't it?

01:25:40 When the size of the English

01:25:42 complete version of Wikipedia

01:25:44 was calculated in 2010,

01:25:46 it only represented 5.6 Teraoctets.

01:25:48 Can you believe it?

01:25:50 The heat of our body

01:25:52 can boil almost 2 liters of water

01:25:54 in 30 minutes, even without doing anything.

01:25:56 We should try.

01:25:58 Our brain can perform

01:26:00 up to 10 billion operations per second

01:26:02 with only 10 watts of energy.

01:26:04 A computer capable of doing so

01:26:06 would need about 1 gigawatt of energy.

01:26:08 This amount can feed

01:26:10 up to 300,000 houses.

01:26:12 Our memory is affected

01:26:14 by the position of our body.

01:26:16 You are more likely to remember

01:26:18 a situation where you greeted someone

01:26:20 if you were standing

01:26:22 and you shook hands.

01:26:24 Your brain has millions of neurons.

01:26:26 They are all different

01:26:28 and the connection speed between each one

01:26:30 is also different.

01:26:32 That's why you can remember

01:26:34 some information faster than others.

01:26:36 However, our nervous impulses

01:26:38 are very slow compared to the speed of electricity.

01:26:40 Neurons can reach a speed

01:26:42 of 432 km/h,

01:26:44 which is slower than the fastest car in the world.

01:26:46 It's still pretty fast

01:26:48 because your brain has to react

01:26:50 to urgent things like pain or tickling.

01:26:52 Besides,

01:26:54 the brain itself does not feel pain.

01:26:56 It does not have a nervous ending

01:26:58 that is specific to it.

01:27:00 People with red hair

01:27:02 represent 1% of the population.

01:27:04 2% are natural blondes.

01:27:06 Yes, most of the people

01:27:08 you see with these hair colors

01:27:10 have brown hair.

01:27:12 Brown is the most common hair color in the world.

01:27:14 Hair is not only strong,

01:27:16 but also elastic.

01:27:18 It can stretch to about 30%

01:27:20 of its length when wet.

01:27:22 The average hair growth rate

01:27:24 is 15 cm per year.

01:27:26 So, if you never cut your hair

01:27:28 until you are, say,

01:27:30 80 years old, your hair will have grown

01:27:32 1,200 cm,

01:27:34 the height of a four-story building.

01:27:36 That said,

01:27:38 it is not really possible concretely

01:27:40 because the length of our hair

01:27:42 is genetically programmed.

01:27:44 The human eye is like a car engine.

01:27:46 Both need liquid

01:27:48 to be well lubricated.

01:27:50 The engine needs oil

01:27:52 and the eye needs tears.

01:27:54 To make sure the eyes work well,

01:27:56 tears are distributed all over the eye.

01:27:58 That's why we blink more than 10,000 times a day.

01:28:00 The ocular muscle

01:28:02 is the fastest muscle in our body.

01:28:04 We can blink five times a second

01:28:06 and even more.

01:28:08 It takes about six seconds

01:28:10 to blink every minute.

01:28:12 During the day,

01:28:14 we spend 30 minutes in total darkness

01:28:16 simply because we close our eyes

01:28:18 without counting the time we sleep.

01:28:20 The only part of the human body

01:28:22 that does not receive any blood nutrients

01:28:24 is the eye's cornea.

01:28:26 The only thing it needs to work well

01:28:28 are tears and the liquid

01:28:30 in front of the eyes.

01:28:32 Most scientists agree

01:28:34 that tears that appear

01:28:36 are a unique human trait.

01:28:38 No other animal is able to cry

01:28:40 with sadness or joy.

01:28:42 The pupils narrow and expand

01:28:44 to control the light coming in.

01:28:46 If there is a lot of light,

01:28:48 they narrow the passage

01:28:50 so as not to harm the vision.

01:28:52 In the dark, the pupils expand

01:28:54 to capture as much light

01:28:56 as possible.

01:28:58 Now let's get back to our mouths.

01:29:00 The tongue has a lot of muscles

01:29:02 and some of them can only be used

01:29:04 when you learn a new language.

01:29:06 A human bite is almost always infected

01:29:08 because of all the bacteria

01:29:10 that live in our mouth.

01:29:12 In this sense, we are quite close to hyenas.

01:29:14 Your bones are designed

01:29:16 to be used on a daily basis

01:29:18 and some of them can absorb

01:29:20 two or even three times your body weight.

01:29:22 It's impressive,

01:29:24 but your teeth are even stronger.

01:29:26 When you bite something,

01:29:28 your teeth can exert an incredible pressure

01:29:30 up to 90 kilos.

01:29:32 The stomach is considered

01:29:34 to be part of your skeletal system.

01:29:36 Our body is composed of

01:29:38 about 60% of water

01:29:40 and we even find some in the bones.

01:29:42 About 25% of the bone mass

01:29:44 is made up of water.

01:29:46 The chloride acid present in our stomach,

01:29:48 the most important defender

01:29:50 of our immune system,

01:29:52 helps us get rid of dangerous

01:29:54 food toxins, viruses

01:29:56 and bacteria that accompany

01:29:58 the food we eat.

01:30:00 The bacteria can be digested

01:30:02 by the acid, but the mucous

01:30:04 protects it.

01:30:06 Even if you brush your teeth

01:30:08 twice a day and never forget

01:30:10 to wash your mouth,

01:30:12 your mouth remains one of the dirtiest

01:30:14 parts of the human body.

01:30:16 Millions of bacteria live inside.

01:30:18 The good news is that most of these

01:30:20 bacteria are good for the body

01:30:22 and protect it from bad bacteria

01:30:24 and viruses.

01:30:26 Humans and giraffes have a similar cost.

01:30:28 The giraffe has the same number of

01:30:30 cervical vertebrae as the giraffe.

01:30:32 The difference however lies in length.

01:30:34 The giraffe's vertebrae are 25 cm long.

01:30:36 Our spine can withstand

01:30:38 a pressure of up to 450 kg.

01:30:40 It would resist

01:30:42 an adult zebra.

01:30:44 But please,

01:30:46 don't try to do it at home

01:30:48 and there are no zebras anyway.

01:30:50 When you lie on your back

01:30:52 and you lift your knees,

01:30:54 the pressure exerted on the spine

01:30:56 is about 11 kg.

01:30:58 It's not a zebra,

01:31:00 but a rather large cat.

01:31:02 Our spine is also

01:31:04 very flexible.

01:31:06 If we could bend it,

01:31:08 it could form two thirds of a full circle.

01:31:10 We're like snakes then.

01:31:12 In the morning, you're taller than in the evening.

01:31:14 During your sleep, you're no longer

01:31:16 affected by gravity

01:31:18 and your spine stretches,

01:31:20 which makes you gain up to 1.26 cm in height.

01:31:22 Too bad you're getting

01:31:24 smaller and smaller each day.

01:31:26 The mountains in Russia move your organs.

01:31:28 So when you feel like your stomach

01:31:30 is falling,

01:31:32 it's because it's turning

01:31:34 around in your body.

01:31:36 You think your fingerprints are the only

01:31:38 unique thing in your body?

01:31:40 Well, that's not the case.

01:31:42 Your tongue's fingerprints and your smell

01:31:44 are also unique.

01:31:46 If someone sniffs you,

01:31:48 it's enough to warn you.

01:31:50 If all your blood vessels were stretched

01:31:52 out, you'd be doing more than twice

01:31:54 the earth's rotation.

01:31:56 An impressive feat you won't see

01:31:58 because you can't live

01:32:00 without your blood vessels.

01:32:02 You think you're resting while you sleep,

01:32:04 but your brain

01:32:06 never stops.

01:32:08 It's more active at night than at day

01:32:10 and processes all the information you've collected.

01:32:12 So, have some respect for it.

01:32:14 The liver is the most

01:32:16 active organ in the human body.

01:32:18 It has more than 500 functions

01:32:20 that are not yet clear to scientists.

01:32:22 Have you ever wondered

01:32:24 why you feel so sleepy after

01:32:26 lunch? Well, it's because your circadian

01:32:28 rhythm, which runs 24 hours a day,

01:32:30 asks you to take a nap

01:32:32 after 7 hours of sleep.

01:32:34 And food only strengthens this effect.

01:32:36 It's simple.

01:32:38 Teeth and headaches

01:32:40 are linked by the trigeminal nerves.

01:32:42 They go through the jaw to the head,

01:32:44 so that when you feel a toothache,

01:32:46 it usually goes hand in hand

01:32:48 with the one in the head.

01:32:50 You lose calories no matter what you do,

01:32:52 even nothing. A good 8-hour sleep,

01:32:54 for example, allows you to lose

01:32:56 up to 800 calories.

01:32:58 And yes, you spend energy

01:33:00 even while eating. Like all mammals,

01:33:02 we have a reflex that slows

01:33:04 or even stops certain

01:33:06 bodily functions to prevent us

01:33:08 from drowning. It also affects

01:33:10 the heart rate.

01:33:12 A person can stay without food for

01:33:14 more than 20 days. However,

01:33:16 if you don't sleep for 10 days,

01:33:18 your body will simply stop working.

01:33:20 Speaking of sleep,

01:33:22 an average person forgets

01:33:24 90% of their dreams. And that may

01:33:26 be a good thing. Otherwise,

01:33:28 imagine how crazy the world would be.

01:33:30 The color of your dreams is

01:33:32 influenced by the television you watched

01:33:34 when you were a child.

01:33:36 If you are part of the older generation

01:33:38 who watched television in black and white,

01:33:40 your dreams will most often be monochrome.

01:33:42 If you are used to colored television,

01:33:44 your dreams will also be multicolored.

01:33:46 Of the 10,000 people on Earth,

01:33:48 one person has his organs in the mirror,

01:33:50 that is, inverted

01:33:52 compared to their usual and normal position.

01:33:54 In other words,

01:33:56 the liver would be bigger on the left side

01:33:58 and the right kidney would be

01:34:00 a little higher than the left.

01:34:02 Speaking of kidneys, the left is a little higher

01:34:04 than the right. It's because the liver

01:34:06 is bigger on the right side of your body.

01:34:08 People with clear eyes,

01:34:10 blue or green, tolerate pain better

01:34:12 than those with dark eyes.

01:34:14 Scientists think it could be

01:34:16 related to melanin, which affects the color

01:34:18 of the eyes. The length of your foot

01:34:20 is similar to that of your forearm.

01:34:22 If you don't believe me,

01:34:24 do the test. I'll wait for you here.

01:34:26 No.

01:34:28 Here are some facts

01:34:30 that you may find difficult to digest.

01:34:32 Your stomach

01:34:34 has an incredible capacity,

01:34:36 being able to contain up to 2 liters of liquid.

01:34:38 It's the equivalent of

01:34:40 a large bottle of Coca-Cola.

01:34:42 It's quite difficult to estimate

01:34:44 the amount of solid food you can ingest

01:34:46 because it's crumbled by your teeth

01:34:48 before it reaches your stomach.

01:34:50 There's certainly not enough room for a turkey,

01:34:52 but a good-sized chicken

01:34:54 could probably hold it.

01:34:56 If you were asked where your stomach was,

01:34:58 you would probably show your belly.

01:35:00 Sorry, but that's not the case.

01:35:02 It's actually here,

01:35:04 hidden between your ribs.

01:35:06 Scientists think the appendix

01:35:08 will eventually disappear.

01:35:10 No one knows why we need it,

01:35:12 but some researchers say it could have existed

01:35:14 to help our ancestors

01:35:16 digest tree bark.

01:35:18 As it's no longer part of our daily diet,

01:35:20 the appendix is no longer necessary

01:35:22 and can disappear from our body

01:35:24 without any consequences.

01:35:26 The appendix is not the only obsolete part

01:35:28 of our body.

01:35:30 Wisdom teeth are not that useful either.

01:35:32 Sure, they were when our ancestors

01:35:34 lost some of their teeth,

01:35:36 but the only thing they help us lose now

01:35:38 is the money we spend on their extraction.

01:35:40 Almost all of our body is covered in hair,

01:35:44 even if we don't notice it.

01:35:46 It grows even in the navel.

01:35:48 Their function seems to be

01:35:50 to trap the plushies in their clothes.

01:35:52 Look closely.

01:35:54 Your liver acts like your personal bodyguard,

01:35:56 protecting you from toxins

01:35:58 and many other things

01:36:00 you wouldn't want to have in your body.

01:36:02 It's almost indestructible

01:36:04 and can regenerate at any time.

01:36:06 Only 43% of your body

01:36:08 really belongs to you.

01:36:10 More than 50% of your body's cells

01:36:12 belong to your tiny creatures

01:36:14 that live mainly in your intestine.

01:36:16 However,

01:36:18 even if your own cells are less numerous

01:36:20 than those of microbial cells,

01:36:22 you have on average 100,000 billion of them.

01:36:24 You see, you're not that lonely after all.

01:36:26 Keeping this in mind,

01:36:28 your own genes represent

01:36:30 less than half of what you are

01:36:32 really made of.

01:36:34 If you take all the microbes

01:36:36 that live in your body

01:36:38 and count their genes,

01:36:40 you'll find between 2 and 20 million.

01:36:42 If you sleep,

01:36:44 it doesn't mean that your whole body is sleeping.

01:36:46 In fact, your brain sometimes has to work

01:36:48 even harder when you sleep.

01:36:50 It needs to process tons of information

01:36:52 and reports usually take a lot of time.

01:36:54 Your nose does rest

01:36:56 while you sleep.

01:36:58 Surprisingly, your smell

01:37:00 is almost always in your room at night.

01:37:02 You wouldn't even be bothered

01:37:04 if there was a really bad smell in your room.

01:37:06 The smell is one of the most underrated senses.

01:37:08 You wouldn't even be able to enjoy

01:37:10 eating without it.

01:37:12 About 80% of the taste of any food

01:37:14 is felt through your nose

01:37:16 and its ability to recognize smells.

01:37:18 If you pinch your nose

01:37:20 while you eat,

01:37:22 you will hardly taste anything.

01:37:24 If you don't have a smell,

01:37:26 you will recognize food by its texture,

01:37:28 so an onion could seem to have

01:37:30 the same taste as an apple.

01:37:32 Try it and leave us a comment with your impressions.

01:37:34 Scientists thought

01:37:36 we could distinguish

01:37:38 about 10,000 smells,

01:37:40 but they were wrong.

01:37:42 Recent research has shown that humans

01:37:44 are actually able to distinguish

01:37:46 more than a billion smells.

01:37:48 We remember as well as anything else

01:37:50 and smells can even evoke distant memories.

01:37:52 Your nose doesn't just help you breathe

01:37:54 and sense smells.

01:37:56 It filters air

01:37:58 for the throat and the sensitive lungs.

01:38:00 If we inhale dry air,

01:38:02 the nose moistens it and cools it down

01:38:04 or warms it up if necessary.

01:38:06 In addition, the nose cleanses the air of all impurities.

01:38:08 When you get older,

01:38:10 your brain shrinks little by little.

01:38:12 At 75, it is much smaller

01:38:14 than at 30,

01:38:16 and it starts shrinking at 40.

01:38:18 This happens to everyone

01:38:20 and doesn't affect your mental abilities.

01:38:22 Our brain can only store

01:38:24 7 octets in its short-term memory.

01:38:26 Don't even try to compare your brain

01:38:28 to the capacity of a cell phone

01:38:30 or even the one you had in 2005.

01:38:32 That's why

01:38:34 you have such a hard time

01:38:36 learning a phone number by heart.

01:38:38 Our short-term memory

01:38:40 works like a blackboard.

01:38:42 You can get information,

01:38:44 but sooner or later, you will miss the space.

01:38:46 To know the capacity of your living memory,

01:38:48 do this test.

01:38:50 Ask a friend to write a list of 10 words

01:38:52 and read it to you.

01:38:54 Most people remember 7 words

01:38:56 or less in the list.

01:38:58 RAM, or living memory,

01:39:00 is an essential thing

01:39:02 that we need to do almost

01:39:04 all our daily activities,

01:39:06 including basic conversations,

01:39:08 browsing the Internet,

01:39:10 and even petting your dog.

01:39:12 Our strongest and most emotional memories

01:39:14 are often wrong.

01:39:16 Our central memory gives us the confidence

01:39:18 to believe that we remember everything,

01:39:20 even if most of the details are made up

01:39:22 in our head.

01:39:24 Not only does your brain age,

01:39:26 but you also age spectacularly.

01:39:28 Your bones become more fragile

01:39:30 and your spine is compressed.

01:39:32 The opposite happens

01:39:34 when you rest at night

01:39:36 because your bones relax.

01:39:38 So you wake up a little bigger

01:39:40 in the morning than in the evening.

01:39:42 In mammals, only humans can walk

01:39:44 on two legs all their lives.

01:39:46 You might think kangaroos or gorillas

01:39:48 can move in the same way,

01:39:50 but kangaroos use their tails

01:39:52 as third legs,

01:39:54 and gorillas use their long arms

01:39:56 to keep their balance.

01:39:58 Bones also play a role in metabolism.

01:40:00 As they are mainly made up of calcium,

01:40:02 when there is not enough of this element

01:40:04 in the blood,

01:40:06 the bones begin to throw it away

01:40:08 in the blood,

01:40:10 which balances the body.

01:40:12 The same reaction also works

01:40:14 in the opposite direction.

01:40:16 The bones are stored later.

01:40:18 The only bone in your body

01:40:20 that has the blood of the humerus

01:40:22 is inside your arm.

01:40:24 That's why the bone that is there

01:40:26 is called the humerus.

01:40:28 No, that's totally wrong.

01:40:30 Let's move on to the following fact.

01:40:32 The only bones that never grow

01:40:34 are in our ears.

01:40:36 We can hear thanks to these small bones

01:40:38 because they have adapted

01:40:40 to transmit sound vibrations.

01:40:42 Doctors call them the ossicular chain.

01:40:44 The ossicular chain is the smallest bone

01:40:46 in your body.

01:40:48 It is not larger than a grain.

01:40:50 Our size, the shape of our body

01:40:52 and the color of our skin

01:40:54 depend a lot on where our ancestors lived,

01:40:56 but we can adapt to new conditions

01:40:58 even during our own life.

01:41:00 For example,

01:41:02 if you move from the plain to the mountains,

01:41:04 you will end up developing more red blood cells

01:41:06 to compensate for the lack of oxygen.

01:41:08 And naturally,

01:41:10 if you go from a colder climate

01:41:12 to a sunny one,

01:41:14 your skin will become darker to adapt.

01:41:16 Our lifespan is programmed in our cells.

01:41:18 They renew and divide constantly,

01:41:20 but they are a kind of internal clock

01:41:22 that stops at some point.

01:41:24 Some cells also stop reproducing

01:41:26 earlier than others.

01:41:28 On average,

01:41:30 cells stop dividing

01:41:32 when we reach the age of 100.

01:41:34 This means that if we found a way

01:41:36 to deceive our cells

01:41:38 to stop the mutiny,

01:41:40 we will have to do it internally.

01:41:42 Body fat is not just an aesthetic nuisance.

01:41:44 It acts as an insulating material,

01:41:46 energy reserve

01:41:48 and shock absorber.

01:41:50 It is your body that sends the most fat

01:41:52 into the region of your waist,

01:41:54 because that's where your internal organs are.

01:41:56 If something happens to you,

01:41:58 this layer of fat could protect

01:42:00 your vital organs from irreparable damage.

01:42:02 Be careful, your skull is not made of one bone.

01:42:04 It is actually made up of 28 different bones,

01:42:06 many of which have merged

01:42:08 to protect your brain.

01:42:10 The jawbone, or lower jaw,

01:42:12 is the only bone in the skull

01:42:14 that is not attached to the surrounding bone.

01:42:16 It is attached by conjunctive tissues

01:42:18 and muscles.

01:42:20 This makes it so mobile.

01:42:22 You can move it in the direction you want.

01:42:24 You can actually chew with your jawbone.

01:42:26 Another word for "maché".

01:42:28 The strongest muscles of your body

01:42:30 are not located at the level of your arms

01:42:32 or your legs.

01:42:34 They are in your head.

01:42:36 The masseter is the main muscle

01:42:38 responsible for chewing.

01:42:40 It must be the strongest

01:42:42 so that you can eat normally.

01:42:44 Do you know those muscles that allow you

01:42:46 to move your ears?

01:42:48 They are the temporalis,

01:42:50 located above your temples.

01:42:52 They also help you chew your food.

01:42:54 We have two very fast muscles,

01:42:56 which control the closure of the eyelids.

01:42:58 They are also the fastest muscles of our body.

01:43:00 Our eyes are fragile

01:43:02 and need protection.

01:43:04 But the protection must be as fast

01:43:06 as the light.

01:43:08 These muscles can close the eyelids

01:43:10 in less than a tenth of a second.

01:43:12 People with double-jointed thumbs

01:43:14 can bend them backwards.

01:43:16 It seems very unusual

01:43:18 and very few people can do it.

01:43:20 Yet it is quite commonplace.

01:43:22 Even if it looks painful,

01:43:24 it doesn't hurt at all for someone

01:43:26 with a double-jointed thumb.

01:43:28 We only recognize blue,

01:43:30 green, and red-yellow colors.

01:43:32 Everything else is a combination

01:43:34 of these three colors.

01:43:36 It is impossible to calculate

01:43:38 how many of these combinations

01:43:40 the human eye perceives,

01:43:42 because each person has

01:43:44 slightly different vision.

01:43:46 But we are around one million combinations

01:43:48 on average.

01:43:50 Do you see the topo?

01:43:52 A little more,

01:43:54 we can already see the finish line.

01:43:56 Go! You are soaked in sweat,

01:43:58 but it was worth it.

01:44:00 You proved that they were all wrong.

01:44:02 But now, all you think of

01:44:04 is a cold shower.

01:44:06 It's hot as hell outside.

01:44:08 Not a good day to run,

01:44:10 but at least it's over.

01:44:12 In these moments,

01:44:14 cold showers are excellent.

01:44:16 First of all, they help you refresh.

01:44:18 They also relieve your muscles

01:44:20 which desperately need

01:44:22 a little attention after all this exercise.

01:44:24 But what would happen

01:44:26 if you decided to take

01:44:28 a cold shower on your first day

01:44:30 and you already think

01:44:32 it's not a very good experience?

01:44:34 You know you're about to start this challenge

01:44:36 and you've been fearing it

01:44:38 since the moment you went to bed the day before.

01:44:40 In short, it's time.

01:44:42 You just turned off the alarm

01:44:44 and you have to get up to go to work.

01:44:46 A shower helps you not only

01:44:48 to clean yourself,

01:44:50 but also to wake up gradually.

01:44:52 Well, if the shower is hot.

01:44:54 A cold shower will immediately alert you.

01:44:56 Do you want to get up early tomorrow

01:44:58 and throw yourself under the water?

01:45:00 Or do you choose to do it slowly but surely?

01:45:02 I don't know which of the two options is the worst.

01:45:04 It's the first day and you feel brave.

01:45:06 So you jump in the shower

01:45:08 like the fearless person you are.

01:45:10 Aaaaaah!

01:45:12 It's very cold!

01:45:14 But as the cold water touches your skin,

01:45:16 your body gets used to this temperature.

01:45:18 And the shower becomes more and more bearable.

01:45:20 Take several deep breaths.

01:45:22 It could help you.

01:45:24 In fact, you are immediately more alert.

01:45:26 This is one of the good things about cold showers.

01:45:28 Before, your body was hot.

01:45:30 And the shock it feels increases

01:45:32 not only your oxygen consumption,

01:45:34 but it also increases your heart rate.

01:45:36 It's like an adrenaline rush.

01:45:38 If you think back to the 5 km race

01:45:40 you did a few days ago,

01:45:42 the cold shower you took did you good.

01:45:44 It's because cold water has special properties

01:45:46 that help your muscles in pain

01:45:48 recover.

01:45:50 And since running for so long is not a rest,

01:45:52 the shower almost acted like a day

01:45:54 in a spa for your body.

01:45:56 Which could be the next best thing to do

01:45:58 after a tiring race.

01:46:00 Two weeks pass and you are half way through the experience.

01:46:02 Ah! It's 7 am.

01:46:04 It's time to take another cold shower.

01:46:06 Ok, let's go!

01:46:08 After the shower,

01:46:10 you go to the office.

01:46:12 As soon as you arrive, your colleagues will notice

01:46:14 how bright you are.

01:46:16 It's not the first time they see it,

01:46:18 but you are even more radiant than usual today.

01:46:20 Your hair is beautiful,

01:46:22 it's healthy and shiny.

01:46:24 You can't help but think

01:46:26 it must be because of the cold shower.

01:46:28 And you are right, it's thanks to it.

01:46:30 It turns out that cold water

01:46:32 makes your hair stronger

01:46:34 and closes the cuticles.

01:46:36 Your hair is more beautiful and healthy than ever.

01:46:38 Hot showers can dry

01:46:40 the skin of your head.

01:46:42 Steam is not your friend when it comes

01:46:44 to the health of your hair.

01:46:46 On the other hand, cold water

01:46:48 does not dry the natural oils of your hair.

01:46:50 It's the same oils that give them

01:46:52 the shiny and healthy look you have right now.

01:46:54 Your skin is also beautiful

01:46:56 and that again, thanks to the cold shower.

01:46:58 Another thing you noticed

01:47:00 over time is that you feel

01:47:02 more energetic in the morning.

01:47:04 This is explained by the fact that you are more alert

01:47:06 when cold water touches your skin.

01:47:08 It's as if you were instantly acquiring superpowers.

01:47:10 Instead of being lethargic

01:47:12 during the first hours of work,

01:47:14 you are exceptionally productive.

01:47:16 You finish your tasks faster than ever.

01:47:18 A report that took all morning

01:47:20 is now ready in a few hours.

01:47:22 You breathe better

01:47:24 and the mornings are different.

01:47:26 The walk you do just after a cold shower

01:47:28 has never been so pleasant.

01:47:30 The fact that it is summer

01:47:32 and that the mornings are rather hot can also help you.

01:47:34 You go out with your hair still a little wet

01:47:36 and your body is cooled.

01:47:38 The sun's rays touch your face

01:47:40 and you feel incredibly good.

01:47:42 When you've finished your walk,

01:47:44 your hair is already completely dry

01:47:46 and your body is warm again.

01:47:48 When it's time to go to work,

01:47:50 you are alert and more than ready to face the day.

01:47:52 But why did you decide to take

01:47:54 a cold shower every day for the whole month?

01:47:56 It's like waking up and diving

01:47:58 in an icy pool in the middle of winter.

01:48:00 Things were too comfortable for you

01:48:02 and your routine became messy.

01:48:04 You woke up,

01:48:06 you turned off the alarm,

01:48:08 with your eyes still half closed,

01:48:10 you went to take a shower,

01:48:12 you arrived at the office

01:48:14 and that's it!

01:48:16 Taking an icy shower was a new way

01:48:18 to keep things interesting and exciting.

01:48:20 And that's not all.

01:48:22 Before starting your experience,

01:48:24 you noticed that your scale showed a few kilos in excess.

01:48:26 They were not welcome.

01:48:28 Fortunately, cold showers

01:48:30 have a way to help with that too.

01:48:32 There are fatty cells in your body.

01:48:34 They are called brown fat.

01:48:36 These cells can help generate heat

01:48:38 when you need it.

01:48:40 During a cold shower,

01:48:42 your body absolutely needs to warm up.

01:48:44 The cells then start working,

01:48:46 burning the fats to produce heat.

01:48:48 That's what helps you lose weight.

01:48:50 The brown fatty cells

01:48:52 are generally stored around the neck and shoulders.

01:48:54 And as if by chance,

01:48:56 these are exactly the places where the water hits

01:48:58 when you are in the shower.

01:49:00 Another reason to start

01:49:02 taking cold showers

01:49:04 is that your immune system will strengthen.

01:49:06 Rumours? I've never heard of them.

01:49:08 Cold showers are also fast.

01:49:10 Obviously, you won't want to stay

01:49:12 in the cold water for too long.

01:49:14 You probably won't need

01:49:16 more than 5 minutes to finish cleaning yourself.

01:49:18 Maybe you're one of those people

01:49:20 who run in the shower and stay there for an hour?

01:49:22 Well, this month,

01:49:24 your water bill could be much more interesting.

01:49:26 If after hearing all this,

01:49:28 you are impatient

01:49:30 to start your own experience,

01:49:32 here are some tips.

01:49:34 Close your eyes before entering.

01:49:36 Tell yourself,

01:49:38 "It's just a shower and it will be over soon."

01:49:40 You don't have to start

01:49:42 with cold water right away.

01:49:44 You can make it warm and then lower it slowly.

01:49:46 Some will say it's cheating.

01:49:48 I say it's adapting.

01:49:50 Control your breathing.

01:49:52 Take long breaths while you're in the shower.

01:49:54 This will make the experience more tolerable.

01:49:56 When you get out of the shower,

01:49:58 you will feel great.

01:50:00 Drink something hot if your body is still shivering.

01:50:02 But you shouldn't take

01:50:04 such a shower if you're already cold.

01:50:06 It will have the opposite effect of the one you're looking for.

01:50:08 You could even end up getting sick.

01:50:10 Therefore, if you don't feel well,

01:50:12 take a hot shower.

01:50:14 After all, this is what your body is used to.

01:50:16 A hot shower can open

01:50:18 your respiratory tract.

01:50:20 This means you will breathe more freely

01:50:22 and, overall, you will feel better.

01:50:24 Now imagine that you are still standing

01:50:26 at one in the morning,

01:50:28 ready to go to bed.

01:50:30 You brush your teeth and hop!

01:50:32 You're ready to go to bed.

01:50:34 The clock is ticking.

01:50:36 It's already 2 a.m.

01:50:38 and you're still awake.

01:50:40 OK, stop!

01:50:42 You put your phone away and close your eyes.

01:50:44 But half an hour later,

01:50:46 you're still fixing the ceiling

01:50:48 and wondering why you can't sleep.

01:50:50 Well, here's a tip for you.

01:50:52 Get out of bed and take a hot shower.

01:50:54 There is a good chance

01:50:56 that an hour later,

01:50:58 you will be asleep.

01:51:00 It's not an instant cure,

01:51:02 but it can help.

01:51:04 You will feel more relaxed

01:51:06 as soon as the hot water

01:51:08 touches your shoulders and back.

01:51:10 It will help to reduce

01:51:12 the stress of your body.

01:51:14 And when you finally get out of the shower,

01:51:16 your body will feel not only relaxed

01:51:18 but also refreshed.

01:51:20 A hot shower is also very effective

01:51:22 if you have a headache.

01:51:24 And if you want to go even further,

01:51:26 take an essential relaxation oil

01:51:28 and a shower will always have its benefits.

01:51:30 But what's going on?

01:51:34 You were so tired.

01:51:36 You were eager to lay your head

01:51:38 on this scented pillow.

01:51:40 You could barely stand up at 9 p.m.

01:51:42 And now you turn around in your bed,

01:51:44 you change your position,

01:51:46 everything is suddenly so long and boring.

01:51:48 Should you cover your feet

01:51:50 or leave them uncovered?

01:51:52 Sleep on your back, front,

01:51:54 left or right?

01:51:56 There is a moonlight

01:51:58 passing through the window.

01:52:00 So you take a look at the other bed in the corner.

01:52:02 Your friend is sleeping so deeply.

01:52:04 He fell asleep after a minute.

01:52:06 It's not fair!

01:52:08 You spend the night here

01:52:10 because tomorrow you will both

01:52:12 go on a little excursion in a neighboring city.

01:52:14 Of course, you should get up

01:52:16 at 5 a.m. Yeah!

01:52:18 Oh, and look at the time now.

01:52:20 Why can't you sleep?

01:52:22 Why? Why?

01:52:24 Last week,

01:52:26 you went camping in the woods with some friends

01:52:28 and you had the same difficulties.

01:52:30 You were very tired after a long day

01:52:32 spent carrying all your stuff,

01:52:34 walking, preparing food,

01:52:36 talking for hours near the campfire.

01:52:38 Your eyes were half closed.

01:52:40 You thought you would fall asleep in a few seconds.

01:52:42 But then, nothing.

01:52:44 Big open eyes,

01:52:46 every little thing bothered you

01:52:48 and no sleeping position was good.

01:52:50 So here's the question I'm asking you.

01:52:52 Why? The first night effect.

01:52:54 That's why.

01:52:56 That's how we call it when we have sleep problems

01:52:58 in a new place.

01:53:00 Sleep is a great thing,

01:53:02 but evolution has made it a little inappropriate

01:53:04 for us at times.

01:53:06 During sleep,

01:53:08 the brain stops for a few hours.

01:53:10 So you're not really protected.

01:53:12 You can't detect a potential danger

01:53:14 or defend yourself if something happens.

01:53:20 Some animals, like dolphins and whales,

01:53:22 have developed a sleep system

01:53:24 where only part of their brain

01:53:26 rests at the same time.

01:53:28 The other part is awake and ready to work.

01:53:30 It's a bit like what's going on

01:53:32 in our heads.

01:53:34 Not that there are dangers

01:53:36 in your friend's room.

01:53:38 Although, when you think of all this dust under the bed,

01:53:40 who knows what's hiding underneath?

01:53:42 We have certain instincts

01:53:44 that have manifested a long time ago.

01:53:46 At the time when our ancestors

01:53:48 lived in caves,

01:53:50 they knew that if they slept

01:53:52 as if there was no tomorrow,

01:53:54 they might not have any.

01:53:56 That's also why they knew

01:53:58 they shouldn't sleep outside their caves.

01:54:00 That's largely the reason

01:54:02 for the first night's effect.

01:54:04 If you sleep in your own bed,

01:54:06 in a room where you feel good,

01:54:08 your brain thinks,

01:54:10 "Wow, I'm safe now."

01:54:12 But if you go to a new place,

01:54:14 nothing happens.

01:54:16 You either have a silky pillow

01:54:18 or you're at a good friend's.

01:54:20 Your brain knows you're far from your cave.

01:54:22 It can't relax

01:54:24 and let you sleep completely.

01:54:26 It's a bit like dolphins.

01:54:28 Part of your brain rests,

01:54:30 but the other one listens carefully

01:54:32 in case something unforeseen happens.

01:54:34 Your brain won't bother you forever

01:54:36 with this story of

01:54:38 half the brain sleeping and half not sleeping.

01:54:40 When you spend two nights in a row

01:54:42 in the same place,

01:54:44 you're more likely to think,

01:54:46 "Wow, I'm safe here, finally."

01:54:48 Even if this pile of dust

01:54:50 still worries me a bit.

01:54:52 And it'll probably let you sleep.

01:54:54 The first night's effect

01:54:56 isn't so bad if it only happens occasionally.

01:54:58 But if you change places often,

01:55:00 you could spend most of your time

01:55:02 tired, unproductive,

01:55:04 or facing other problems.

01:55:06 Our brain has habits

01:55:08 that evolution gave it.

01:55:10 But, fortunately, it's also quite flexible.

01:55:12 You can trick it

01:55:14 and help you overcome the first night's effect.

01:55:16 Since your brain is scared

01:55:18 by the fact that you're in an unknown space,

01:55:20 you can familiarize the place

01:55:22 and show it that everything's fine.

01:55:24 You can bring something

01:55:26 you like with you.

01:55:28 Maybe your favorite pyjama,

01:55:30 your pillow,

01:55:32 this soft blanket you'd never change.

01:55:34 Do you drink hot milk before you go to bed?

01:55:36 Do the same thing

01:55:38 in your new place.

01:55:40 Your brain recognizes that it's time to relax.

01:55:42 Go to bed at the time

01:55:44 you usually go to bed.

01:55:46 Do you have any exercise rituals before bed?

01:55:48 Yes, me neither.

01:55:50 But whatever routine you use before bed,

01:55:52 do the same thing in your new place.

01:55:54 If you book a hotel room,

01:55:56 try to find a bed

01:55:58 similar to the one you have at home.

01:56:00 If you usually sleep in a double bed,

01:56:02 you could feel weird

01:56:04 lying in a king-size bed.

01:56:06 Or just bring your favorite pyjama,

01:56:08 it's cheaper.

01:56:10 Nothing you do is guaranteed,

01:56:12 but it's worth a try.

01:56:14 By the way,

01:56:16 don't you get bored of meeting someone

01:56:18 who can sleep anywhere?

01:56:20 It's really, really great to lie down,

01:56:22 to slip under a pile of warm blankets and...

01:56:24 Uuuuuh...

01:56:26 Oops, sorry.

01:56:28 Anyway, sleep is important.

01:56:30 We literally need it

01:56:32 to survive,

01:56:34 just like we need food or water.

01:56:36 We spend about a third of our life

01:56:38 sleeping.

01:56:40 Scientists don't know yet

01:56:42 all the reasons we sleep.

01:56:44 But here's what they know for now.

01:56:46 We sleep to store energy.

01:56:48 Eight hours of good sleep

01:56:50 can produce enough energy

01:56:52 to allow us to have an energetic and productive day.

01:56:54 Our body needs to restore itself

01:56:56 during sleep.

01:56:58 Hair and nails grow, muscles repair.

01:57:00 All of this, and much more,

01:57:02 happens while you sleep, effortlessly.

01:57:04 Then, there's the brain.

01:57:06 If you put a book under your pillow

01:57:08 at night, hoping your brain

01:57:10 will read it one way or another

01:57:12 and be ready for the final exam the next day,

01:57:14 it won't happen.

01:57:16 But if you study a lot

01:57:18 and assume a lot of facts,

01:57:20 a good night's sleep can certainly help you

01:57:22 remember everything.

01:57:24 A brown bat sleeps about 20 hours a day,

01:57:26 while a giraffe sleeps very little,

01:57:28 usually by a 5-minute nap.

01:57:30 This poor giraffe doesn't know

01:57:32 what it's missing.

01:57:34 Cats certainly know how to enjoy life.

01:57:36 They spend two-thirds of their lives sleeping.

01:57:38 Randy Gardner set the record

01:57:40 for the longest sleepless period

01:57:42 in 1964.

01:57:44 He was 17

01:57:46 when he stayed awake for 11 days,

01:57:48 or 264 hours.

01:57:50 Be careful, don't try this at home.

01:57:52 Or elsewhere.

01:57:54 Peter Powers decided to set the record

01:57:56 backwards and stayed asleep

01:57:58 for 8 days in a row.

01:58:00 Great!

01:58:02 How come he didn't need to get up

01:58:04 to go to the bathroom?

01:58:06 If you lie down in your bed

01:58:08 and fall asleep almost immediately,

01:58:10 it means you're really, really tired

01:58:12 and you're not getting enough sleep.

01:58:14 Ideally, you need about 10 to 15 minutes

01:58:16 to fall asleep.

01:58:18 There are two specific times of the day

01:58:20 when we feel very tired.

01:58:22 2 a.m. and 2 p.m.

01:58:24 That's why we want to take a nap

01:58:26 after lunch instead of continuing to work.

01:58:28 Send a video to your boss

01:58:30 the next time you're surprised

01:58:32 to see him snoring in the office

01:58:34 after lunch break.

01:58:36 We're the only mammals

01:58:38 who deliberately delay their sleep.

01:58:40 And of course,

01:58:42 the least cool mammals in the world.

01:58:44 At the time, only 15% of people

01:58:46 dreamed in color.

01:58:48 Now, 75% of us do.

01:58:50 Some think it's because our TVs

01:58:52 are currently in color.

01:58:54 Speaking of which,

01:58:56 if you want to remember your dreams,

01:58:58 you have to write them down

01:59:00 just after you wake up.

01:59:02 If you wait too long,

01:59:04 you'll forget all the superpowers you had.

01:59:06 During the middle of the night,

01:59:08 you can change your sleeping position

01:59:10 about 20 times.

01:59:12 The position you prefer

01:59:14 can make a big difference to your personality.

01:59:16 The position lying on your back,

01:59:18 arms up to your pillow,

01:59:20 is called "sea star".

01:59:22 This type of sleeper tends to be listening

01:59:24 to others.

01:59:26 In addition, this sleeper can lower his guard more easily.

01:59:28 Then there's the free-fall position,

01:59:30 where you're on your stomach,

01:59:32 hands on your pillow,

01:59:34 and head turned to the side.

01:59:36 Some say these sleepers

01:59:38 can't stand criticism

01:59:40 and tend to be quite direct.

01:59:42 Finally, the affection request position

01:59:44 consists of lying on your side

01:59:46 with both arms outstretched in front of you.

01:59:48 This type of sleeper is a bit complex,

01:59:50 but also very open-minded.

01:59:52 They're slow to make a decision,

01:59:54 but they keep it once it's made.

01:59:56 The type and the style of pyjamas you wear

01:59:58 in bed are also very revealing.

02:00:00 But we'll keep this question for another video.

02:00:02 Hey hey!

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