Part:3 Vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature
horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature,horizontal distribution of temperature,distribution of temperature,horizontal temperature distribution,regional distribution of temperature,temperature distribution on earth,temperature distribution,inversion of temperature,global distribution of temperature,vertical distribution of temperature,vertical and horizontal temperature,horizontal distribution,distribution of temperature class 11The horizontal distribution of temperature across Earth's surface is influenced by several factorsThe horizontal distribution of temperature across Earth's surface is influenced by several factors:
1. **Latitude**: Temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. This is why polar regions are colder than tropical regions.
2. **Altitude**: Temperature decreases with altitude due to the lapse rate, which averages about 6.5°C per kilometer. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations at the same latitude.
3. **Ocean Currents**: Warm ocean currents can raise temperatures in coastal regions, while cold currents can lower temperatures. This effect is particularly noticeable along the western coasts of continents where warm currents flow poleward.
4. **Wind Patterns**: Wind direction and intensity can affect temperature distribution by redistributing heat. For example, westerlies can bring maritime air masses with moderate temperatures inland, while easterlies can bring cooler continental air
1. **Latitude**: Temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. This is why polar regions are colder than tropical regions.
2. **Altitude**: Temperature decreases with altitude due to the lapse rate, which averages about 6.5°C per kilometer. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations at the same latitude.
3. **Ocean Currents**: Warm ocean currents can raise temperatures in coastal regions, while cold currents can lower temperatures. This effect is particularly noticeable along the western coasts of continents where warm currents flow poleward.
4. **Wind Patterns**: Wind direction and intensity can affect temperature distribution by redistributing heat. For example, westerlies can bring maritime air masses with moderate temperatures inland, while easterlies can bring cooler continental air
Transcript
00:30I think it's a general idea of any continent.
00:32We have heard that Europe is a very cold country.
00:36Why is that?
00:37We found out today that there is a temperate zone there.
00:39Temperate zone means that the sun there is inclined.
00:43Let's discuss this.
00:45The question here is why is there a tolerant zone?
00:48Why is the tolerant zone so much hot as compared to the temperate zone?
00:52This is the question.
00:54You can write it down.
00:56But why?
00:57Why is that?
00:59Very important point.
01:02Inclination of the sun rays.
01:04It's very important.
01:05It's not important to find out the proximity of the sun.
01:07Like we did 1,000,000 perihelion.
01:09If we talk about the orbit,
01:11the earth is very close to the sun.
01:13On which date?
01:15No.
01:17On 4th January.
01:19On 4th January, the earth is very close to the sun.
01:24This concept is called perihelion.
01:26This phenomenon is called perihelion.
01:28And if we talk about the distance,
01:30this distance is 91,000,000 miles.
01:33This is the perihelion phenomenon.
01:36When the earth is closest to the sun.
01:38This happens on 4th January.
01:40Similarly, when is it away from the sun?
01:42Which phenomenon is called aphelion?
01:44A-P-H-E-L-I-O-N
01:46Aphelion, away from the sun.
01:48And the distance we have is 95,000,000 miles.
01:51That's for the sun.
01:53And you will be surprised.
01:55This happens on 3rd June.
02:01That's a different thing.
02:03Those are seasons.
02:053rd June.
02:07There is a difference of 3-4 days.
02:09But usually, there is a difference of 3-4 days.
02:11But usually, there is a difference of 3-4 days.
02:13So, that's the point.
02:15It means that the closeness of the sun and the earth doesn't matter.
02:19What matters is the angle of the rays coming on the earth.
02:23So, you can see in simple words.
02:25When the sun rises in the morning, the rays are coming on the earth.
02:29But the intensity is not so much.
02:31When does the intensity feel?
02:33When it comes vertically on the earth.
02:35So, this is what you understand.
02:37This is the area of the total zone where maximum sun rays fall.
02:41But as the curvature of the earth goes, it declines.
02:45When the area of the earth increases, the amount of light remains the same.
02:49So, the rays spread more in the area.
02:51That's why the curvature of the earth decreases.
02:53That's why the rays spread more in the area.
02:55Here, we have some dates.
02:59It means that the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn extreme limit is that the sun rays fall vertically.
03:05If we talk about the sun's rotation vertically,
03:07it doesn't go beyond 23 degrees from equator to equator.
03:13The tropic of Cancer, suppose that our area is in the northern hemisphere.
03:19So, in Pakistan, the month of summer usually comes in June, July, August.
03:23I am going to answer your question about Australia.
03:25I will explain it to you.
03:27See, what happens is that we have the tropic of Cancer, Equator and Capricorn.
03:35When the sun rays fall vertically on the tropic of Cancer,
03:39then in the whole northern hemisphere, it is summer.
03:46When the sun rays fall vertically on the tropic of Cancer,
03:50similarly, when the sun rays fall vertically on the tropic of Capricorn,
03:53then in the whole southern hemisphere, it is summer.
03:56If the sun rays fall vertically on the tropic of Cancer,
03:58then obviously, the sun rays are not falling vertically on the tropic of Cancer at a time.
04:00So, the sun rays are inclining here.
04:02So, when the sun rays incline here, the temperature here will be more or less.
04:05So, let's make it straight.
04:07Northern and Southern.
04:09There are two parts of the globe.
04:10The northern part and the southern part.
04:12If the sun rays fall vertically on the tropic of Cancer,
04:17then the sun rays are inclining here.
04:19Here, the temperature will be more.
04:22Here, the temperature will be less.
04:24So, obviously, if we talk about summer in the northern hemisphere,
04:28then the southern hemisphere will be winter there.
04:31And if we talk about summer in the southern hemisphere,
04:34then the northern hemisphere will be winter.
04:35This is the difference between Australia and North America.
04:37Because the portion of Australia is in the southern hemisphere.
04:40So, there is a difference in the temperature there.
04:42Not only in Australia, but if we talk about the countries in South America,
04:46which are in the same south, like Chile, Argentina, or Europe,
04:49then the temperature here is entirely different from ours.
04:53In our country, it is summer there.
04:55In our country, it is winter there.
04:56Now, what are the dates when this variation occurs here?
05:01Here, we have some terminology.
05:04In this, we have Solistic.
05:07Solistic and Equinox occur.
05:11Solistic and Equinox.
05:13We have two terms.
05:17When the sun rays fall on the topic of cancer,
05:20then what is the month?
05:23We have the season of summer.
05:25And if we talk about the exact date, then it will be the month of June.
05:30And June can be the 21st or 22nd.
05:34It can be the 21st or 22nd.
05:37Okay?
05:38So, you must have read about the longest day.
05:40What is it?
05:41It is not June.
05:42It is not the 21st.
05:43Why is it the longest day?
05:44The sun does not go up.
05:47Okay?
05:48You can see how long it is.
05:49It will increase during the day.
05:50But let me tell you this.
05:51This is its last day.
05:52This is its last day here.
05:54Next, it will not go ahead.
05:55It will come back.
05:56Sun rays will come back.
05:57So, as soon as it comes back,
05:58June, July, August, September will come.
06:05September will come.
06:06September 23rd will come.
06:09It can be the 22nd or 23rd of a day.
06:12It will come in September.
06:13On September 23rd,
06:15the direct sun rays will fall on it.
06:18So, throughout the world,
06:19the duration of the day will be the same.
06:24Throughout the globe,
06:25the duration of the day will be equal.
06:30Okay?
06:32This term is called Equinox.
06:35And this term is called Summer Solstice.
06:41Summer Solstice.
06:45Okay.
06:46Clear?
06:47It will come in September.
06:49After September,
06:50next month,
06:51October, November, December.
06:54It will come in December.
06:57It will come in December 22nd.
07:01December 22nd.
07:02In December 22nd,
07:03the sun will go vertically on the Tropic of Cancer.
07:07Now, it means that
07:08it has reached its extreme limit.
07:10It cannot go forward.
07:11Now, it is summer here.
07:13It will be the longest day here.
07:15In Australia,
07:16in South America,
07:17it will be the longest day.
07:18But,
07:19in the Tropic of Cancer area,
07:20it will be the shortest day.
07:22Okay?
07:23This term is called Winter Solstice.
07:29Winter Solstice.
07:31Done?
07:33It came in December.
07:34January, February, March.
07:37Now, it came back in March.
07:38Again, it came in March.
07:39It was in September.
07:40Again, it came in March.
07:42Let's leave it here.
07:43March.
07:45Let's do March 22nd.
07:46Let's do March 21st.
07:4721st March.
07:4921st March,
07:50again,
07:51the equator came in front.
07:53Okay?
07:54And now, what will happen?
07:55Equinox will happen.
07:56For the globe,
07:57the duration of day and night will be equal.
07:59It will be equal.
08:00So, after March,
08:01again, April, May, June will come.
08:02In this way,
08:03this period will continue.
08:05Okay?
08:06So, along with this,
08:07we get Summer Solstice,
08:08Winter Solstice,
08:09and Equinox.
08:11Clear?
08:14Sir, you have to see this.
08:15Equally,
08:16comparatively,
08:17both sides of the globe are equal.
08:19It means that
08:20if you stand here,
08:21and stand here,
08:22then the duration of this and this will be equal.
08:24It's not like this and this will be in between.
08:26Both sides of the globe will be equal.
08:28If you go ten steps north,
08:29and ten steps south,
08:30then it will be equal.
08:32If you go ten steps north,
08:33then it won't be equal.
08:34It won't be like this.
08:35If you stand here,
08:36and take a torch,
08:37and light a candle,
08:38then it will get more poison,
08:39and it will get less poison.
08:41If you stand in the center,
08:43then the duration of this and this will be equal.
08:45This is the point.
08:53But if you take this,
08:54then as we go further,
08:55similarly,
08:56the duration will be less.
08:58Yes.
08:59When the summer solstice happens,
09:00the topic of answer.
09:02So, let me tell you that
09:03in Scandinavian countries,
09:04the sun does not rise.
09:07But both the June,
09:08and this July,
09:10and the rest of the year,
09:11the months come to us.
09:13Here,
09:14the sun does not set.
09:16Why doesn't it set?
09:18See,
09:19at this time, this is the position.
09:21It is like this.
09:22This is the Scandinavian country.
09:24Now,
09:25they can see the sun,
09:26but they can't see the sun.
09:27They can't see the sun.
09:29The sun is coming towards them
09:30at this height.
09:31Now,
09:32they are standing here,
09:33and they are looking at the sun.
09:34The sun is a little disturbed,
09:36but it is not for them.
09:38And similarly,
09:39if the sun comes down,
09:41on the Tropic of Capricorn,
09:42then they can't see it.
09:45It is a night of 6 months,
09:46day and night.
09:47That is why it is dark.
09:48It is not 6 months,
09:49it is 3-4 months.
09:51It is not exact,
09:52but it changes.
09:53It changes like this.
09:54So,
09:55when the red sun rays are coming here,
09:56they won't get it, right?
09:59They won't get the light
10:00because it is dark here.
10:07What happened?
10:10No,
10:11it is not that.
10:14It is made later.
10:15Ecuador is here.
10:16See,
10:17it is with us.
10:18Yes,
10:19it is here.
10:20It is close to the equator.
10:21Now,
10:22I will tell you,
10:24you are a globe, right?
10:25I mean,
10:26you are a football.
10:27I have a football.
10:29You are a globe, right?
10:30I have a football.
10:32Yes,
10:33I got it.
10:34Now, see,
10:35I have a football.
10:36This is Ecuador.
10:37Now, tell me,
10:38this is the moon.
10:40Now,
10:41it is a curvature.
10:42Now,
10:43it is very close to Ecuador.
10:44So,
10:45where will it be far from
10:46French Guiana and Columbia?
10:47It looks like a mortar.
10:50These are minor issues.
10:51Very minor.
10:52Now,
10:53you know that
10:54NASA
10:55sends a rocket
10:56to LA.
10:57This is a small area
10:58of French Guiana.
11:00This is French Guiana.
11:02French Guiana is not a country.
11:04In fact,
11:05it is collectively
11:06occupied by Europe.
11:08It is used for
11:09sending space shuttles.
11:11Here,
11:12the impact of rotation
11:13is less.
11:14This is the reason.
11:15Yes,
11:16this is French Guiana.
11:17It is near the border
11:18with Suriname,
11:19Guiana and Suriname.
11:20This is French Guiana
11:21So,
11:22it is not logical
11:23that it is near
11:24Ecuador.
11:25Because,
11:26Ecuador is not
11:27far from the Earth.
11:28If it is near
11:29Ecuador,
11:30then,
11:31what is the fault
11:32of democratic
11:33governments?
11:34Look,
11:35let us go further.
11:36This is Ecuador.
11:37We have caught Ecuador.
11:38This is Ecuador.
11:39Let us come here.
11:40All these regions
11:41are near the moon.
11:42Let us go further.