Vertical and horizontal distribution of temperature. Briefly explained the topic |CSS|PMS|PPSC|FPSC|SINGLE PAPER EXAMS.
The horizontal distribution of temperature across Earth's surface is influenced by several factorsThe horizontal distribution of temperature across Earth's surface is influenced by several factors:
1. **Latitude**: Temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. This is why polar regions are colder than tropical regions.
2. **Altitude**: Temperature decreases with altitude due to the lapse rate, which averages about 6.5°C per kilometer. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations at the same latitude.
3. **Ocean Currents**: Warm ocean currents can raise temperatures in coastal regions, while cold currents can lower temperatures. This effect is particularly noticeable along the western coasts of continents where warm currents flow poleward.
4. **Wind Patterns**: Wind direction and intensity can affect temperature distribution by redistributing heat. For example, westerlies can bring maritime air masses with moderate temperatures inland, while easterlies can bring cooler continental air
1. **Latitude**: Temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles due to the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth's surface. This is why polar regions are colder than tropical regions.
2. **Altitude**: Temperature decreases with altitude due to the lapse rate, which averages about 6.5°C per kilometer. Higher elevations experience cooler temperatures than lower elevations at the same latitude.
3. **Ocean Currents**: Warm ocean currents can raise temperatures in coastal regions, while cold currents can lower temperatures. This effect is particularly noticeable along the western coasts of continents where warm currents flow poleward.
4. **Wind Patterns**: Wind direction and intensity can affect temperature distribution by redistributing heat. For example, westerlies can bring maritime air masses with moderate temperatures inland, while easterlies can bring cooler continental air
Transcript
00:00Now we will study the vertical distribution of temperature.
00:16Here we have two concepts of lapse rate and temperature inversion.
00:30Temperature inversion.
00:34We have a lapse rate of 6.5 degrees centigrade.
00:40Temperature decreases as we move upward every 1 km.
00:53Every 1 km, 6.5 degrees centigrade or 3.6 degrees centigrade for a high degree, 500 feet.
01:03This is called a lapse rate.
01:06Do you remember when we were studying the atmosphere in the first lecture?
01:13As we move upward in the troposphere, temperature decreases.
01:17Now what is the rate of decrease?
01:19Every 1000 meters or every 1 km, temperature decreases by 6.5 degrees.
01:24For a high degree, every 100 feet, temperature decreases by 3.6 degrees for a high degree.
01:29This is called the lapse rate.
01:31So we are studying the vertical distribution of temperature.
01:33This is the first concept.
01:35The second concept is of temperature inversion.
01:38In inversion, the temperature reverses.
01:41Temperature increases instead of decreasing in the troposphere.
01:44But this does not happen everywhere.
01:45So why does it not happen?
01:46That concept is that the temperature of the surface inverts.
01:49Instead of decreasing, the temperature increases.
01:51So what is the reason why it increases?
01:53We make it into two categories.
01:54Surface inversion and upper air inversion.
02:05Surface inversion and upper air inversion.
02:11Now what do we have in surface inversion?
02:14Look at the source.
02:15This is our surface.
02:18Usually the temperature decreases here.
02:20Now suppose the temperature here has come to 20 degrees centigrade.
02:25Suppose that.
02:27Okay?
02:28Now what happens is that the cold wind moves from one side to cover the low atmosphere,
02:41which is comparatively low temperature.
02:43This is called cold wind.
02:47Now when the cold wind has reached here, it is 20 degrees centigrade.
02:50When the cold wind has reached here, the temperature here is 10 degrees centigrade.
02:53The temperature here is 20 degrees centigrade.
02:57Obviously, the temperature here will be 18 degrees centigrade.
03:00But when the cold wind has reached here, it has reduced the temperature of the whole area.
03:04Now in this scenario, when you see that point A is here.
03:08This was point B.
03:10So if we don't make A move, the temperature here should be 30 degrees centigrade.
03:17It should be 20 degrees centigrade on B and 10 degrees centigrade on C.
03:22Okay?
03:23Because the cold wind moved.
03:25So that cold wind reduced the temperature by 30 degrees centigrade and made it 10 degrees centigrade.
03:28Now this is reversed.
03:30The temperature of the atmosphere should be decreased.
03:33But here it is 10 degrees centigrade and then 20 degrees centigrade.
03:35So this is called surface inversion.
03:37Atmospheric inversion, but surface inversion.
03:47Let's do it.
03:49This is also an aspect.
03:51All the winds that move towards the ocean,
03:54they obviously balance the temperature of the surrounding land area.
04:01That is a concept.
04:03I just want to tell you that if you keep on writing that the wind is causing the impact,
04:07then what is our problem here?
04:09It is in the lapse rate.
04:10Geographically, the lapse rate should be 20 degrees according to temperature.
04:13But when we say it is 20 degrees, it is 20 degrees centigrade.
04:15So if you look for the reason, there is a new concept of surface inversion.
04:17Let's study one more wind.
04:19What is the effect of winds?
04:21Now two points are important in vertical distribution.
04:23Lapse rate and temperature inversion.
04:25Okay?