Préparez-vous à un voyage captivant au cœur de l'énigme du Titanic. Dans cette enquête immersive, nous dévoilons les raisons fascinantes derrière le naufrage lent du Titanic. Rejoignez-nous alors que nous découvrons les facteurs surprenants qui ont contribué à la descente prolongée de ce navire légendaire. Ne manquez pas cette fascinante plongée dans l'histoire ! Animation créée par Sympa.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
Category
😹
FunTranscript
00:00 April 14, 1912.
00:03 The night was full of the awful sounds of a giant metal ship breaking in two.
00:09 The largest ship of the time collided with an iceberg on its way, the Titanic.
00:16 One of the greatest tragedies of the 20th century that people still talk about.
00:21 The starboard side of the giant ship hit the iceberg.
00:26 It was 11.40pm when things started to go wrong.
00:30 This iceberg caused enough damage to start to fill at least five watertight compartments of the hull.
00:37 The crew immediately launched a brief investigation to see if they could do something to repair the damage.
00:45 There was no one to count on.
00:47 Alone in the darkness of the cold night, far from all the earth,
00:51 in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, about 600km south of Newfoundland,
00:56 they needed time to figure out how to put the passengers in safety.
01:00 And they had time, but not enough.
01:05 If you've watched the film, you know that the ship didn't sink immediately after the meeting with the iceberg.
01:12 The whole process lasted two hours and 40 minutes.
01:15 But the situation was delicate.
01:18 There were 2,200 people to take care of, including the crew and the passengers.
01:23 And the chaos was on board.
01:25 Chief Engineer Thomas Andrew quickly understood that he couldn't stay afloat.
01:32 At midnight, the whole crew began to prepare the lifeboats for the inflow.
01:37 They had 20 canoes with room for only 1,178 people,
01:42 which barely represented more than 50% of the people on board.
01:47 The order was to put the women and children first.
01:51 The crew members were there to row and guide the canoes.
01:55 Over the next two hours, things began to intensify gradually.
02:00 The crew members were tasked with waking the passengers and warning them
02:04 that something serious was happening.
02:07 They wanted to put them in a rescue canoe fleet as soon as possible.
02:11 At midnight, 15 crew members sent a distress signal.
02:16 A steamboat called the Frankfurt was among the first to receive this message and respond.
02:22 But it was about 274 km away.
02:25 Other ships also received the message and offered to help them.
02:29 But unfortunately, they were too far away.
02:31 At 8.20 p.m., the company's ship Kunard received a distress signal from the Titanic
02:39 and immediately changed course.
02:41 They were then 58 nautical miles away, or 107 km,
02:46 and it would take them more than three hours to get there.
02:49 Twenty minutes later, the crew descended the first rescue canoe.
02:54 They only carried 27 passengers, while there was room for 65.
02:59 Many of the rescue canoes that were launched first were filled well below their capacity.
03:05 The crew members were worried that the cranes could not bear the weight of a fully loaded rescue canoe.
03:12 And then, at first, many passengers were simply too afraid to leave the ship.
03:17 They still thought the Titanic was unbearable
03:20 and could not imagine the scenario that would occur one to two hours later.
03:25 The crew pulled the first of the eight distress rockets.
03:29 Without success.
03:31 No one was close enough to help them.
03:34 At 1.20 p.m., they had lowered 10 rescue canoes.
03:37 The eighth contained only 28 people.
03:40 One of the passengers on the tenth was little Milvina Dean, 9 weeks old.
03:45 She would later become the last of the survivors,
03:48 having lived until 2009 and reached the canonical age of 97 years.
03:53 Two o'clock in the morning already, three folding canoes were the last remaining rescue boats.
03:59 The bow of the ship had sunk very low and had tilted far under the surface.
04:04 People who were not far away could now clearly see the propellers of the stern above the water.
04:10 The crew members were descending the folding rescue canoe D from the officers' quarters,
04:18 with more than 20 passengers inside.
04:20 As the bow of the ship sank, the water carried the canoe A far from the deck.
04:25 These 20 people were struggling because their boat was partially filled with water.
04:30 While the crew members were trying to free the folding canoe B, it had fallen.
04:36 Before they could get it up again, the water carried it far from the ship.
04:40 30 passengers still managed to get on the overturned rescue canoe.
04:45 At 2.17 p.m., the ship's radio telegraphist decided to transmit one last distress call.
04:52 A minute later, the ship's light finally went out.
04:55 The Titanic and all those who remained on board dived into the darkness.
05:00 The bow continued to sink and the stern rose higher above the surface,
05:05 which exerted great pressure on the ship's central part.
05:09 Horrible sounds filled the night.
05:12 The Titanic, this huge legendary ship in which so many people had placed their hopes,
05:18 broke in two between the third and fourth chimneys.
05:23 According to the reports, it took about six minutes to the section before reaching the bottom of the ocean.
05:29 The bow fell back on the water before rising again in a vertical position.
05:34 It stayed in this position until it finally disappeared into the ocean.
05:40 At 2.20 p.m., the bow had apparently retained air inside
05:43 and the pressure of the water crushed it as it descended.
05:47 The ship's hull landed about 600 meters from the deck.
05:51 People considered the Titanic as the fastest boat in the world.
05:55 They thought it was insubmersible, because four of its compartments could be flooded
06:00 and this would still not cause a critical loss of floatability.
06:04 But his life would have been problematic from the start.
06:08 As the ship left the port, he swung a few anchors.
06:12 He was able to pass without any problems, which was a huge relief for all the passengers
06:17 who were worried about the wreckage on the ship's decks.
06:21 The Titanic took off on April 10.
06:24 Its first voyage was to cross the very competitive Atlantic road.
06:29 On the day of launch, the Titanic became the largest mobile object in the history of mankind.
06:34 269 meters long, 28 meters wide.
06:39 Not so big if you compare it to today's ships.
06:42 The largest cruise ship in the world is currently the "Symphony of the Sea" of the Royal Caribbean,
06:47 which is about five times the size of the Titanic.
06:50 If you put this ship in a vertical position, it would be almost as high as the Empire State Building,
06:56 which is 380 meters high, without an antenna.
07:00 But the Titanic was a huge attraction at the time.
07:04 At one point in their voyage, it made a stopover in France, after which it made another stop in Ireland.
07:10 Once the last passengers boarded, the gigantic ship set off at full speed to its final destination, New York.
07:19 Four days after the start of its voyage, the Titanic failed to deviate from the course of a huge iceberg.
07:26 The story we all know.
07:29 Only 700 people survived, and most of them were women and children.
07:34 The night was extremely cold.
07:36 An hour and 20 minutes after the Titanic was lowered to the bottom of the ocean,
07:41 the survivors were not even sure that someone was coming to save them.
07:44 Finally, they saw the light.
07:47 It was the Carpathian who was coming to them.
07:50 They came to get the people in the rescue boats.
07:54 The crew got them on board and took out a handful of other passengers from the water.
07:58 Many ships tried to contact the Titanic a few hours after its sinking.
08:03 Their messages never received an answer.
08:07 Later, when an investigation was carried out into what had really happened,
08:11 they discovered that the California boat of the company, the Island,
08:15 was less than 30 kilometers away when the Titanic sank.
08:19 But the crew did not hear distress signals coming from the Titanic,
08:23 because their radio operator was not in service.
08:26 The countries on both sides of the Atlantic were shocked and horrified
08:30 when they heard the details of what had happened to the Titanic.
08:34 They decided to make changes to the operations of the ships,
08:37 rules that would help to avoid such events in the future.
08:41 They organized the first international convention for the safeguarding of human life at sea,
08:47 where they adopted rules so that each ship had enough rescue boats for all passengers on board.
08:53 In addition, the exercises of boarding and rescue have become mandatory.
08:58 They also decided to create an international ice patrol.
09:02 Its main role was to monitor the icebergs in the navigation routes of the North Atlantic.
09:08 The ships should also ensure a 24/7 radio watch.
09:13 The Titanic was not built alone.
09:16 Due to the size of this magnificent ship and all the new equipment it required,
09:21 it would have been too expensive to build it in one copy.
09:25 So the company built the Titanic at the same time as two twin ships,
09:29 and both had busy lives.
09:32 The Olympic RMS was ready first.
09:35 It was launched in 1910 and for a whole year it was the largest pack boat in the world.
09:40 The British was another twin ship that sailed for a while before ending up at the bottom of the ocean.
09:49 But only the Titanic has become a legend and one of the most fascinating stories in modern history.
09:56 The Royal Mail Ship or Titanic RMS, the most famous steam ship in history without a doubt,
10:03 was once the very symbol of luxury and dreams promised to come true.
10:08 It took 3 years and 3,000 people to build it.
10:12 On April 10, 1912, the brand new ship welcomed its passengers in a smell of fresh varnish, paint and freshly sawn wood.
10:21 At the time, lead was still used in the production of paint and linen oil as a lint.
10:27 The smell had to be strong.
10:29 When it was fully operational, the huge ship consumed about 850 tons of coal per day,
10:36 and passengers could also smell the smoke.
10:39 Another smell that had to invade the Titanic's decks, at least those of first class,
10:44 was the new perfume of the famous garland house, the Eau Bleue.
10:48 It had been launched earlier that year and quickly became the coqueluche of these ladies.
10:53 This perfume, which you can still buy today, is a mixture of violets and iris with a noxious touch of vanilla.
11:00 On the fateful evening of April 14, while the Titanic had only a few hours to live,
11:05 the waiters, unaware of the imminent drama, served oysters, lamb accompanied with mint sauce,
11:11 roast duck with apples and other delights to their first class customers.
11:15 The second class was filled with the smell of chicken curry, spring lamb and roasted turkey.
11:20 Third class passengers, on the other hand, were content with a simple cruller and biscuits that evening.
11:26 At 11 p.m., while the ship was dangerously approaching the iceberg, a new smell was added to the mix.
11:32 It was a mineral perfume with metallic notes.
11:35 If you have ice in your refrigerator, you have surely noticed that it absorbed the odors of the neighboring food.
11:41 The same goes for icebergs.
11:43 They capture the odors of marine animals and preserve the chemical composition of the water they are made of.
11:49 If more people had known the meaning of this strange metallic smell,
11:54 they probably still wouldn't have been able to save the ship.
11:57 But the number of people who managed to escape it could have been greater.
12:02 Speaking of odors, if you have ever wondered what the smell of space looked like,
12:07 but you don't plan to become an astronaut right away, listen to this.
12:11 You can try the water of space, a scent that was conceived by NASA a few decades ago.
12:17 The idea of this perfume was to help astronauts prepare for their confrontation with space in all aspects of their training.
12:24 But wait a second, space is only a big void, so technically, there shouldn't be any smell.
12:30 However, the astronauts who went there remember that they released a pleasant metallic scent,
12:35 similar to the smell of smoldering smoke or gunpowder.
12:39 They could smell this smell on their space suits after entering their ship.
12:44 We can also guess the smell of other planets depending on the composition of their atmosphere.
12:49 Venus has sulfuric acid clouds in its atmosphere, and it must therefore smell rotten eggs.
12:55 Mars and Uranus have the same fragrance, by the way.
12:59 And each of the layers of Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of different molecules.
13:03 This is why the smell will be different depending on where you are.
13:07 Some layers will welcome you with a delicious smell of bitter almonds.
13:11 And others, closer to the surface, smell like our household products.
13:15 The other planets of the solar system are unlikely to have a distinctive scent
13:19 because their atmospheres are mainly composed of inodorous gases.
13:23 As for our natural satellite, the Moon,
13:26 the astronauts of the Apollo mission have stated that its dust smelled like gunpowder.
13:31 The freshly cut grass fragrance almost justifies the fact that it regularly sheds its coat.
13:37 But did you know that the grass doesn't have a very good time while you cut it down?
13:42 It even screams in pain.
13:44 And because the grass can't scream out loud,
13:47 it expresses its discomfort by releasing a mixture of smelly volatile molecules.
13:51 It does this to protect itself from insects.
13:54 Chenises and other similar creatures love to nibble on these delicious vegetable treats.
14:00 When you cut down the grass, it releases jasmine acid, among other things.
14:05 It's a kind of signal for parasitic geese that there's a chenise nearby.
14:10 Geese take care of these attackers, and the grass can continue to grow happily afterwards.
14:15 From the point of view of the grass, the cut isn't that different from an insect attack.
14:20 So it protects itself as best it can.
14:24 Rain has a strong smell, easily recognizable and known as petrichor.
14:29 But where does it come from?
14:31 It turns out that some plants secrete oils during drought.
14:35 Rocks and soil accumulate oil-based CS.
14:38 And when rain drops infiltrate, they mix with water and are released into the air.
14:43 Sometimes, these oils combine with other molecules produced by the bacteria living in the soil.
14:48 The result of this cooperation is the musky smell you can smell in the woods or in your garden when you return to the wet soil.
14:55 Ozone also contributes to the smell of rain, especially after storms.
15:00 This occurs when the electric discharge of a lightning separates oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere.
15:06 And they then combine in ozone.
15:09 A theory supports that we would appreciate this rain aroma because it is engraved in our brain.
15:15 Our different cultures have always associated rain with a benefit.
15:19 And we could have inherited this perception.
15:22 Chocolate lovers, to whom I belong myself, this is for you.
15:27 There are flowers that smell exactly like your favorite snack.
15:31 It's the product of a tropical plant, after all.
15:34 And since it is impossible to recreate exactly the magical fragrance of chocolate in a perfume,
15:39 you can plant chocolate flowers, also known as Berlandiera lirata, in your garden.
15:45 These flowers look like yellow petals of daisies surrounding a deep red pistil.
15:50 When you pick these petals, the flower releases this delicious fragrance that we love so much.
15:55 The leaves and branches of the plant also release the same.
15:59 If you are interested, you can find this flower in the dry soils of Arizona, Texas, Colorado and other states with similar climates.
16:08 It blooms all year round and its aroma is the strongest on the hottest days.
16:13 The Asian bear cat, also known as Binturong, not only looks cute, but it also smells like popcorn with butter.
16:21 Binturongs prefer to be alone and use this aroma to mark their territory and find possible partners during the season of love.
16:29 Scientists have tried to uncover the secret of their unusual fragrance
16:33 and suggested that it could come from the secretions of glands located under the animal's tail.
16:38 Further research has shown that this smell of popcorn actually came from its urine.
16:43 After the animal responded to the call of nature, it leaves a stinking trail in the trees with its tail, which is often soaked.
16:50 But if real popcorn only releases its incredible smell when it bursts under the effect of heat,
16:55 how do Binturongs get there without microwaves?
16:59 The answer could be in their diet or, more likely, in the bacteria that come into contact with the animal's bodily fluids.
17:09 Durian is a popular fruit in Southeast Asia, of which the fragrance appeals to some,
17:13 but which for the majority resembles a mixture of rotten onions and dirty socks.
17:19 The smell is such that the fruit is forbidden in public transports and hotels in certain countries.
17:24 The secret of durian lies in its 44 active, odorous components.
17:29 The mixture is so complex that you can never predict what it will smell like.
17:33 And despite this horrible smell, durian is considered a delicacy
17:38 and is mainly used to prepare sweet dishes such as cakes and snacks.
17:42 A bad-smelling incident involving durian occurred one day in an Australian library.
17:47 The smell of rotten fruit, forgotten in a closet, spread throughout the building via the air conditioning system.
17:54 This was taken for a gas leak and about 500 students and their teachers had to be evacuated.
17:59 Well, we can say that it stinks.
18:01 And finally, if you have ever visited natural thermal springs or been to see geysers,
18:06 you will never forget this smell of hydrogen sulfide or, in a less poetic way, of rotten.
18:11 It is actually not only unpleasant, but also highly flammable.
18:16 However, it can also be very useful.
18:18 Most of the households in Iceland use these geothermal springs to exploit hot water.
18:23 Although it doesn't smell like roses, it is quite drinkable.
18:27 And the smell doesn't stay on you after taking a shower.
18:30 That's it.
18:32 It was 11.39am when the Titanic's watch tower shouted "iceberg" straight ahead.
18:42 The measures taken quickly on the bridge to reduce the speed and modify the ship's hull were useless.
18:48 And you already know the end of the story.
18:50 Since then, we consider what happened to the Titanic as a unique event.
18:55 But is it really the case?
18:57 The Titanic sank in 1912.
19:00 GPS and meteorological satellites did not exist at the time.
19:04 The ships had to be able to tell each other where the icebergs were.
19:09 What confidence they needed to have.
19:12 That's when the Titanic disaster happened.
19:15 A real disaster that encouraged specialists to create an organization
19:20 that would prevent this kind of accident from happening again.
19:24 A year later, they created the International Ice Patrol, or IAP in abbreviated.
19:30 Even today, this group is responsible for warning the ships of the dangerous presence of ice on their way.
19:38 The IAP has improved its methods over the years,
19:41 using both ships and air patrols and satellite imagery.
19:45 Recently, they have also used oceanographic buoys,
19:49 a floating device that provides real-time information on ocean conditions up to 50 meters deep,
19:56 to predict the potential drift of icebergs.
19:59 And the IAP does an excellent job of reducing collisions between ships and icebergs.
20:04 But you always have to be on your guard,
20:07 because the most advanced detection equipment cannot prevent all unfortunate situations.
20:13 Between 1980 and 2005, there were 57 incidents involving ships and icebergs.
20:21 And the truth that is cold in the back,
20:24 is that today's boats are more likely to hit an iceberg than the Titanic.
20:29 According to research, 1038 icebergs crossed the area where the Titanic sank in 1912.
20:36 You might think that's a lot, but scientists don't care.
20:41 It's true, it's a bit high,
20:43 but the last 14 years have been marked by an even more intense iceberg circulation.
20:48 Today, the number of C and big icebergs is increasing due to the accelerated melting of the Groenland glaciers.
20:55 And as more and more ships are sailing towards the polar waters,
20:58 the risks of collisions are increasing.
21:01 But the real danger is the invisible enemies, the fragments of glaciers.
21:07 The "pieces of glaciers" are small icebergs about the size of a house door.
21:14 The small icebergs, as for them, are comparable in size to a bus.
21:19 These icebergs seem harmless, but they can cause problems,
21:23 because they are generally totally invisible to radars and satellites.
21:27 What happens when a large modern cruise ship hits one of these small icebergs?
21:33 Here is the Norwegian Sun, a luxurious cruise ship similar to the Titanic,
21:38 with a capacity of 2,400 passengers and more than 900 crew members.
21:43 In June 2022, this cruise ship was sailing towards the Eubard glacier in Alaska
21:48 when it found itself in the middle of a thick fog.
21:51 Suddenly, its passengers felt a great shock,
21:54 and the terror invaded them while violent shakes shook the ship.
21:59 Once the fog dissipated, they realized what had happened.
22:03 The Norwegian Sun had collided with a small iceberg,
22:07 but it did not know the tragic outcome of its famous ancestor.
22:10 Fortunately, no one was injured and the passengers and staff were able to land in Alaska without trouble.
22:17 Divers checked the condition of the ship and discovered that it had suffered some damage after the collision.
22:23 The rest of the trip was therefore canceled.
22:26 But don't worry about your next trip to the Atlantic,
22:32 because accidents like that of the Norwegian Sun are really rare.
22:36 It is common for ships to come into contact with ice,
22:39 what is less common is that it is a problem.
22:43 Most modern cruise ships do not suffer any damage during these unexpected encounters,
22:48 and there is a reason for that.
22:50 The steel used in the construction of the Titanic played a major role in the disaster.
22:56 The insubmersible ship, after all, was not as resistant as that.
23:01 The Titanic's hull was built with about 2,000 plates of steel,
23:05 which were said to have been produced in an open-air oven.
23:08 As a result, the steel contained a high concentration of phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur.
23:13 These elements make the steel brittle at low temperatures,
23:16 which makes it fragile in the event of an impact.
23:20 Although the steel used on the Titanic was of the best quality available at the time,
23:25 it did not meet the safety standards of modern ships,
23:28 and it was about ten times less solid than the one used by today's ships.
23:33 But the biggest difference between the Titanic and modern ships lies in the assembly of the hull.
23:42 Indeed, more than three million rivets were used to assemble the hull and the structure of the upper deck of the Titanic.
23:49 Thus, when the iceberg hit, the rivets triggered a chain reaction,
23:54 causing the simultaneous collapse of a whole section of the hull,
23:58 which led to an uncontrollable water leak.
24:01 On the other hand, modern ships use a method called submerged bow welding,
24:06 which merges the edges of the metal parts and thus allows a continuous and solid surface to be obtained.
24:12 This method is safer, because if a part of the ship is damaged,
24:16 the tear will not spread, which would worsen the situation.
24:20 The damage remains circumscribed to the impact zone.
24:23 Small icebergs are therefore more and more frequent, and ships have been adapted to deal with them.
24:28 But there is still a scenario to consider.
24:31 What would happen if a huge cruise ship hit an iceberg the size of a five-story building?
24:37 Imagine that we have just created the largest cruise ship in the world.
24:41 Let's call it the "Sympathlantic".
24:44 Our floating station is huge, four times larger than the Statue of Liberty.
24:49 It exceeds the Titanic by 97 meters and carries three times more passengers and crew.
24:56 And, just like the Titanic, our fictional ship can sail at a maximum speed of about 23 knots.
25:02 Now imagine the following scenario.
25:05 The "Sympathlantic" sails at full speed in glacial waters.
25:10 It's the middle of the night, and the captain doesn't realize that the iceberg detection equipment is not working.
25:17 It hasn't been working for three days.
25:19 There is a lot of fog, and the watch doesn't notice the iceberg standing 7 meters in front of them.
25:26 If this situation occurred and the ship hit the iceberg at full speed, it could lead to a shipwreck.
25:33 But you can see that it's very unlikely, right?
25:37 That's why experts are quite convinced that the ice won't make modern cruise ships sink.
25:43 It is also worth mentioning that security measures have improved since the Titanic.
25:48 A modern ship will take days to sink, which leaves enough time to evacuate everyone.
25:54 Crews are better prepared to handle emergency procedures, and passengers should also follow a training before departure.
26:02 I know, I know, everything.
26:04 What we want is to rest on the shore of the pool with a lemonade.
26:09 But, as you know, it's all these measures that have prevented MS Explorer passengers from suffering the same fate as those of the Titanic.
26:18 In 2007, the 154 people on board this cruise ship managed to get on rescue boats after the ship hit an iceberg in Antarctica.
26:29 Imagine their panic.
26:30 They had to wait for the rescue for four long hours.
26:33 The crew did an excellent job to ensure safety.
26:36 There is no doubt about that.
26:38 But a report published two years later indicates that the MS Explorer accident was caused by the inexperience of the captain,
26:46 who had pushed the ship at high speed against a real ice wall.
26:50 Four people on board this cruise ship managed to get on rescue boats after the ship hit an iceberg in Antarctica.
27:05 Imagine their panic.
27:06 They had to wait for the rescue for four long hours.
27:09 The crew did an excellent job to ensure safety.
27:12 There is no doubt about that.
27:14 But a report published two years later indicates that the MS Explorer accident was caused by the inexperience of the captain,
27:21 who had pushed the ship at high speed against a real ice wall.