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Transcript
00:00:00It was the very beginning of the year 1912. A huge piece of ice had detached from a glacier in the southwest of Greenland.
00:00:09This ice was from a snowfall that occurred about 100,000 years before the event. At that time, mammoths were still hovering over the planet.
00:00:17The iceberg began its journey. It was huge. It was more than 500 meters long and weighed about 75 million tons.
00:00:26It was a very peaceful piece of ice. It wandered away from the most frequented ships and transport routes.
00:00:32These were not many in the region, it's true.
00:00:36And then it began to drift a little further south. Our iceberg was lucky. In general, these big icicles melt well before reaching their latitudes.
00:00:45Of the 15,000 to 30,000 icebergs drifting away from the Greenland glaciers, only 1% reach the Atlantic.
00:00:53This is why it is so surprising that in April 1912, our Iceberg Voyager has already drifted more than 2,400 kilometers from the Arctic Circle.
00:01:02Even after melting for months, this block of ice still weighed an impressive half a million and a half tons.
00:01:08It's almost twice as heavy as the Golden Gate Bridge.
00:01:12The upper part of the iceberg dominated the surface of the ocean for more than 30 meters.
00:01:17And yet, if you had noticed it near your boat, it would have seemed harmless to you.
00:01:22But only at first glance, because only a very small part of our iceberg was visible.
00:01:27The largest of an iceberg is always hidden under the surface. Normally, only a tenth of its mass is visible above the water.
00:01:34And the iceberg we are talking about was no exception.
00:01:37Several days before our iceberg reached the Atlantic Ocean, a magnificent ship had left the Amars.
00:01:43It was a luxury steamboat that carried more than 3,000 passengers and crew members.
00:01:48At that time, it was the largest ship ever built.
00:01:52This steamboat was called Titanic. It was considered insubmersible.
00:01:57At the very beginning of its voyage, it almost collided with another ship, the New York.
00:02:02Fortunately, the Titanic was only a few meters away from it.
00:02:05The passengers, gathered on the deck, were sighing with relief.
00:02:10But they did not know what awaited them in the near future.
00:02:14During this time, the iceberg was approaching the area that the Titanic was going to cross on its way to New York.
00:02:20It was on April 14th that it happened, when the Titanic was in the North Atlantic, 600 km from New York.
00:02:28Around 11.40 p.m., those on board the Titanic who were still awake were pushed to the ground by a mysterious and powerful force.
00:02:35Those who were lying down fell violently from their beds.
00:02:39The passengers and crew members were screaming, panicking and disoriented.
00:02:44A few minutes before the tumult began, an iceberg had appeared just in front of the boat.
00:02:49It was our passenger.
00:02:51How did the crew not notice it earlier?
00:02:54There may be several reasons for this. I'll talk about it a little later.
00:03:00Anyway, once the steamboat collided with the huge piece of ice, it was doomed.
00:03:05Unable to divert its course, the ship broke at least five of its hull compartments.
00:03:10They began to fill up with water at an alarming speed.
00:03:14The compartments of the Titanic were not covered in their upper part.
00:03:18The water spilled and filled all the compartments one after the other.
00:03:23The front of the ship began to sink and the rear part rose vertically into the air.
00:03:28Then, in a deafening rumbling, the steamboat broke in two.
00:03:32The rest is history.
00:03:35But few people know what happened to the iceberg after its collision with the ship.
00:03:40This brings us back to the question of why no one had spotted the floating mountain of ice before it was too late.
00:03:47Let's follow the events of that fateful day.
00:03:51Around 6 p.m., Captain Smith finally decided to change the course of the Titanic.
00:03:55All day long, he received alerts about the presence of icebergs.
00:04:00The ship began to head further south, but its speed remained the same.
00:04:05At 9.40 p.m., another ship informed the Titanic of a vast field of ice filled with icebergs.
00:04:11Unfortunately, no one took notice of this message.
00:04:15Around 11 p.m., another steamboat contacted the Titanic by radio.
00:04:19They said that the ice had encircled them and forced them to stop.
00:04:24This message was also ignored.
00:04:26During this time, most of the passengers of the luxurious boat already withdrew to their rooms.
00:04:31At 11.35 p.m., the gatekeepers of the Titanic observation post noticed the iceberg.
00:04:36They rang the bell three times, which meant that there was something in front of them.
00:04:41Then, they called the bridge.
00:04:43The engines were reversed and the doors of the supposedly waterproof compartments were closed.
00:04:48Only five minutes later, the starboard side of the huge steamboat collided with the iceberg.
00:04:55The mail room began to fill with water.
00:04:57Soon, more reports arrived.
00:05:00Things are going pretty badly.
00:05:02At least five other compartments are flooded.
00:05:04It becomes clear that the Titanic will only float for a few hours.
00:05:09The night is exceptionally calm, without moonlight, no wind and no swell.
00:05:13And as no wave comes to break against the iceberg, it is very difficult to perceive its presence.
00:05:19But there is also a theory that it would be a black iceberg that sank the Titanic.
00:05:25If you had to draw an iceberg, I bet you would make a huge piece of white ice covered with snow.
00:05:31But those who have visited Antarctica know that icebergs can have many aspects.
00:05:37They can be multicolored, patterned or striped like candy.
00:05:41Icebergs can also be black.
00:05:44There may be two reasons for the formation of an iceberg of this unusual color.
00:05:48First, the ice can be extremely pure, without any air bubbles or cracks.
00:05:52In this case, there is nothing to disperse the light.
00:05:56The iceberg will absorb it entirely and will appear black.
00:06:00The second possibility is that a volcanic eruption covers a volcanic ash glacier.
00:06:06Then the ice that will detach from this glacier will also be dark in color.
00:06:10Experts do not know why the iceberg of the Titanic was so dark.
00:06:13Nor, by the way, if it was really the case.
00:06:16But one of the keepers of the observation post claimed that the ice was black.
00:06:20Another said that it was either gray or dark gray.
00:06:24There is nothing exciting or mysterious in the so-called black icebergs.
00:06:29These are icebergs that have turned over after their upper part has melted and changed the distribution of their weight.
00:06:35If their lower part is smooth enough to absorb the light, they will have a dark aspect.
00:06:40In addition, they are generally not exposed to the air long enough for the white ash to accumulate.
00:06:46But let's admit that this theory is false and that the iceberg was not really black.
00:06:51It remains that if you see the objects, it is only because they are reflected by the light.
00:06:55The less light there is, the less chance you have to notice something.
00:06:59The surface of the ocean will always reflect the light of the moon and stars.
00:07:04But an irregularly shaped iceberg, almost vertical, will have less chance of doing so.
00:07:09This is why it will look almost black on the surface of the bright water.
00:07:12At night, icebergs can be quite difficult to detect without a radar.
00:07:16Anyway, our iceberg was not noticed in time.
00:07:20The Titanic crashed against it and sank.
00:07:23End of the story? Apparently not.
00:07:26On April 15, the German SS-Prinz Aldebar sailed in the North Atlantic.
00:07:31He was a few kilometers from the place where the Titanic had sunk a few hours earlier.
00:07:36The captain of the German ship, who had not yet been informed of the disaster, saw an iceberg.
00:07:42What caught his attention was a fairly large stream of red paint on the base of the iceberg.
00:07:48Surprised, the man took a picture.
00:07:51It is said that this stream of paint meant that a boat had hit the iceberg in the last 12 hours.
00:07:56The next person to see the sadly famous piece of ice, and who also photographed it,
00:08:01was the captain of the ship, serving to put the telecommunications cables at sea.
00:08:06The ship had been sent to the region where the Titanic had sunk.
00:08:09The captain later stated that the iceberg he had seen was the only one in this area.
00:08:14And then there was this red paint. It was not difficult to make the link.
00:08:19In 2015, one of these photos was sold at auction for more than $ 32,000.
00:08:24However, experts are not sure that the image really represents the famous block of ice.
00:08:28It could be an innocent iceberg floating in these waters at that time.
00:08:33In the movie Titanic, you will notice the absence of smoke above the 4th chimney of the famous block of ice, and this is not a mistake.
00:08:42In 1911, the year before the departure of the famous block of ice, the large ships were mainly equipped with 4 chimneys.
00:08:50They were necessary to evacuate the heat and smoke generated by their huge boilers.
00:08:56The Titanic, a true engineering masterpiece, needed only 3 chimneys to function efficiently.
00:09:03Thus, the 4th was added for purely aesthetic reasons.
00:09:07The White Star Line thought that the public would have been disappointed to see only 3 conduits on the largest ship of all time.
00:09:15The twin ships of the Titanic, the Olympic and the British, each had a fake chimney for the same reason.
00:09:22This fake chimney was not totally useless and was actually used for ventilation.
00:09:27It allowed to evacuate the smoke from the room of the machines located in the lower deck, as well as that of one of the large first class salons.
00:09:35A large ventilation duct, instead of several smaller ones, allowed to unclog the upper decks, thus leaving more free space for passengers.
00:09:45When the Titanic sank, these chimneys, each weighing 60 tons, sank with the rest of the ship.
00:09:52They were exceptionally high, to ensure that passengers were not covered by water.
00:09:57Their size and weight allowed them to remain in a vertical position until the ship began its final dive.
00:10:04Lighter than the bow, these chimneys dispersed among the other debris.
00:10:08The relatively light material of which they were made flattened by touching the bottom of the ocean,
00:10:14and the eating bacteria of living iron in the depths then contributed to their decomposition.
00:10:19The bow of the Titanic remained intact when it touched the bottom of the ocean, but the stern was completely destroyed.
00:10:27When the famous Pak Bo hit this iceberg, the situation quickly turned sour.
00:10:34It took 2 hours and 40 minutes for this future movie star to be completely submerged.
00:10:41The collision first allowed the water to flood 6 of the 16 compartments.
00:10:46As it rushed ashore, the ship began to tilt forward and slightly to the right.
00:10:53At midnight, the damaged compartments poured water into the adjacent compartments,
00:10:58creating a real chaos, because these compartments were only horizontally sealed.
00:11:03Shortly after, the water began to infiltrate through the hole used to raise the anchor,
00:11:09and at 2 o'clock in the morning, the stern sank while the propellers of the stern were lifted out of the water.
00:11:15The ship continued to take water until the stern was submerged and the stern rose to almost 45 degrees.
00:11:24The weight of these huge propellers exerted immense pressure on the medial part of the ship.
00:11:29The steel did not resist and eventually gave in.
00:11:33Survivors described this deafening noise, similar to that of broken porcelain or a collapsing scaffolding,
00:11:40it was the upper structure of the Titanic that gave in.
00:11:44At 2.12 am, the bow and stern were no longer connected by the internal structure of the hull.
00:11:50A few minutes later, the bow, weighing about 16,000 tons, detached from the stern.
00:11:56The stern then suddenly straightened up in an almost vertical position before starting to sink slowly.
00:12:03At 2.20 am, it completely disappeared under the water.
00:12:07The bow dived at nearly 20 km per hour and reached the bottom of the ocean about half an hour before the stern.
00:12:14The two sections of the Titanic now rest 610 meters from each other, pointing in opposite directions.
00:12:20The bow remained mainly intact, simply covered with mud.
00:12:25The stern, on the other hand, turned into an unrecognizable wreck due to the implosions suffered during the descent.
00:12:32The air trapped inside the structure could not resist the increasing pressure of the water at such a depth.
00:12:38The distress rockets played a crucial role in the tragedy of the Titanic.
00:12:42In the event of a shipwreck, red rockets must be launched to report a problem.
00:12:47However, someone had decided to equip the Titanic with white rockets instead of the usual red ones.
00:12:53Thus, when the ship hit the iceberg, the crew shot the so-called white rockets.
00:12:59The California SS, which was nearby, had been warned of the dangerous iceberg presence in the zone.
00:13:05The Californian crew did not spot the Titanic in distress, but they did see the white rockets.
00:13:11Their radio was also useless because the Californian operator had turned it off.
00:13:16The captain, suspecting a problem, then sent a bright signal to the Titanic, but received no response because the ship was already dark.
00:13:26Another ship, the Samson, was also sailing near the Titanic.
00:13:30Loaded with large quantities of seal meat, illegally hunted in the Canadian waters and frozen, it sailed without fire to remain discreet.
00:13:38Seeing the Titanic's white rockets, the crew thought they were coast guards and quickly left these waters.
00:13:44Without radio, the Samson could not be informed of the disaster in progress and learned the news only by reaching the Icelandic coasts the following month.
00:13:53Many theories have been advanced to explain the tragedy of the Titanic, and one of the most recent suggests that a fire played a role in it.
00:14:01An Irish journalist, Senan Molony, played detectives for decades, exploring the mysteries of the shipwreck, and made a major discovery.
00:14:10A photo album, hidden for a century after the tragedy.
00:14:14In the photos taken at the Arland & Wolff Naval Shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland, just a week before the wreck took to the sea,
00:14:22we can clearly see a huge 9-meter black spot on the hull of the ship.
00:14:27Molony studied these photos and testimonies from the time, stating that a fire had spontaneously broken out inside one of the huge coal soots of the Titanic.
00:14:35This fire raged for three whole weeks, seriously weakening a crucial segment of the ship's hull.
00:14:42At that time, most of the decks only had one hull, and it was the only protection the Titanic had.
00:14:49This is why the iceberg managed to pierce the side of the ship so easily.
00:14:53If it hadn't been for the fire, the Titanic might have resisted its impact with the iceberg.
00:14:58The company that operated the deck was also aware of this disaster, but had chosen to conceal this information to avoid any negative publicity,
00:15:07because it faced strong competition on transatlantic voyages.
00:15:11The Titanic was complete, so they filled it with coal and sailed despite everything.
00:15:16The moon could also have played a role in the wreck.
00:15:19Our satellite exerts a great influence on terrestrial tides.
00:15:23The closer it is to our planet, the stronger the tides are due to the increase in lunar attraction.
00:15:29In 1912, the moon was so close that it caused the rupture of several glaciers in Greenland.
00:15:36Huge pieces of ice separated and began to drift south.
00:15:41This supermoon event occurred just six minutes after a great tide.
00:15:46During the new moons and full moons, the alignment of our satellite, the sun and the earth,
00:15:52makes their combined gravity reach its peak.
00:15:55The day before, our planet had gotten closer to the sun of the year, which made this gravity even stronger.
00:16:02This cocktail of events created perfect conditions for one of the most powerful tides in history,
00:16:08favoring the drift of the icebergs detached from the glaciers of Greenland.
00:16:12Opponents of this theory argue that the difference in strength of this tide
00:16:17would not have been significant enough to be the main cause of the wreck.
00:16:22The iceberg tore the side of the ship, leaving a huge opening in its hull.
00:16:27It was not a continuous tear, and several places were damaged.
00:16:31Some experts believe that the ship would have survived the iceberg if it had hit it head-on.
00:16:35The Titanic, with watertight compartments, designed to prevent floods in case of collision,
00:16:41only the first three or four of these compartments would have been flooded.
00:16:45The iceberg tore the side of the ship, leaving a huge opening in its hull.
00:16:49It was not a continuous tear, and several places were damaged.
00:16:53Some experts believe that the ship would have survived the iceberg if it had hit it head-on.
00:16:58The Titanic, with watertight compartments, designed to prevent floods in case of collision,
00:17:03only the first three or four of these compartments would have been flooded.
00:17:10We all cried a little while watching the heartbreaking goodbyes of Jack and Rose in Titanic.
00:17:15Oops, spoiler, sorry.
00:17:18But the stories lived during the shipwreck were no less touching.
00:17:23Joseph Laroche was born in 1886 in Haiti in a wealthy family.
00:17:28He grew up there without knowing his father, but his mother took care of it
00:17:31and was a respected merchant.
00:17:34In addition, his uncle by alliance was at the head of the country.
00:17:37Joseph spoke French, Creole and English fluently.
00:17:41At the age of 15, he had decided to become an engineer.
00:17:44But as he could not find an engineering school in Haiti,
00:17:47he left for France to study there.
00:17:50The trip lasted 43 days.
00:17:53While he was still a student, Joseph met Juliet in the Parisian suburbs,
00:17:57through his mentor.
00:17:59They quickly became friends, then their relationship grew.
00:18:03The couple decided to get married.
00:18:06A single shadow on the painting.
00:18:08Joseph could not find a qualified and decently paid job,
00:18:11even after having completed his studies due to the racism that plagued the time.
00:18:15This intelligent young man realized that he could hope for the best.
00:18:19In addition, he had to meet the needs of his growing family,
00:18:23because a third child was already on its way.
00:18:25His uncle, president of Haiti, promised him to find him a job as a math teacher.
00:18:31And his mother was delighted that her son and his family would return to live in Haiti.
00:18:36She bought them first-class tickets for the French pack-boat as a gift of reunion.
00:18:41But this pack-boat had stupidly strict rules,
00:18:44which separated the parents from their children during meals.
00:18:47The La Roches absolutely did not want to inflict this on their rescue
00:18:51during a long trip across the ocean.
00:18:52They therefore decided to exchange these tickets for second-class seats
00:18:57on board the inaugural voyage of the RMS Titanic.
00:19:00The Titanic was the subject of all attention and did not separate the families,
00:19:04which seemed to be a good thing.
00:19:06They planned to embark in New York on another ship
00:19:09that would take them directly to their final destination in Haiti.
00:19:13The family therefore boarded the Titanic on April 10, 1912, in Cherbourg.
00:19:18They had three days to enjoy the luxurious cabins,
00:19:20the dining room, the library,
00:19:23and the three exterior walkways reserved for second-class passengers.
00:19:28Juliet sent a letter to her father from the last stop of the ship,
00:19:32in Queenstown, Ireland.
00:19:35She told him in detail how satisfied they were with their accommodation.
00:19:39They had two beds in their cabin
00:19:41and a sofa that turned into a bed for their young children.
00:19:44The family even made friends with some nice passengers
00:19:48with whom they had already traveled since Paris.
00:19:50So far, they thought they were the only French on board,
00:19:53so they began to sit together at each meal.
00:19:57Juliet mentioned that they had all had wonderful moments together on the deck of the boat.
00:20:02She also wrote that the people on board were generally kind.
00:20:06Although some sources, due to their origins,
00:20:09have stated the opposite,
00:20:11it was on the night of April 15 that their exciting voyage ended abruptly.
00:20:14Although the radio telegraphists of the Titanic
00:20:17had been warned of the drift of the ice by the neighboring ships,
00:20:20the deck continued to move at full speed.
00:20:23It was around 11.40 p.m.
00:20:26when the Titanic's hull ended up hitting an iceberg
00:20:29about 600 km off the coast of Newfoundland.
00:20:32The ship, practically unsubmersible,
00:20:34was severely devoid of lifeboats,
00:20:37half of its 2,200 passengers being able to fit in.
00:20:41The closest ship, the Carpathia,
00:20:44was then far too far away to come to its aid.
00:20:46A steward woke the family up and took them to the lifeboats,
00:20:50as Juliet would later remember.
00:20:52She did not speak a word of English,
00:20:54and everything that was happening seemed all the more frightening to her.
00:20:57Shortly after midnight,
00:20:59the crew was ordered to give priority to women and children
00:21:02when boarding the lifeboats.
00:21:04Juliet would later remember that a terrible panic was spreading then,
00:21:07people pushing each other to get the coveted place.
00:21:10At one point,
00:21:12she even feared that her daughter had been snatched from her and thrown into the sea.
00:21:16A moment later,
00:21:18she had joined little Simone in the same vacant place.
00:21:21Juliet, pregnant, and her two daughters
00:21:23were therefore forced to make a place in lifeboat number 14.
00:21:26But they had to say goodbye to Joseph
00:21:29when the lifeboat descended into the sea.
00:21:31He wrapped Juliet in his coat,
00:21:33telling her that she would need it,
00:21:35and promised her to board another lifeboat
00:21:37to see them all again in New York.
00:21:39Joseph Laroche, 25, could not keep his word.
00:21:42In a few hours,
00:21:44the Titanic had sunk into the waters,
00:21:46taking the lives of nearly 1,500 people.
00:21:49Joseph was one of them.
00:21:51Juliet and her daughters were among the 700 survivors
00:21:54who were rescued by the Carpathian boat a few hours later.
00:21:57Once in New York,
00:21:59they searched among the crowd,
00:22:01hoping to find Joseph there.
00:22:03When it became clear that they would not find him,
00:22:06it was time for her to decide what to do and where to go.
00:22:09Without the slightest knowledge of English
00:22:12and their money having flowed with the ship,
00:22:13Juliet managed to survive only three weeks in America
00:22:17and had no choice but to return to France.
00:22:20Joseph's uncle was no longer able to help anyone,
00:22:23an attack that ended just four months after the tragedy of the Titanic.
00:22:28In December 1912,
00:22:30Juliet gave birth to a son she named Joseph
00:22:33in her father's honor.
00:22:35Until the end of her life,
00:22:37she could not recover from the loss of her beloved husband.
00:22:40This is why she did not like to talk about
00:22:41what could have happened to the Titanic
00:22:44and asked her children to never mention it.
00:22:46In 1995,
00:22:48a member of the Titanic Historical Society interviewed Louise.
00:22:52She was the last child of La Roche still alive
00:22:54and the last French survivor of the shipwreck.
00:22:57It was at this moment that the world heard about
00:22:59this heartbreaking story for the first time.
00:23:01She inspired a few plays and a number of articles,
00:23:04but never received the same attention
00:23:06as the stories of some other passengers.
00:23:08You probably remember the couple of elderly people
00:23:11lying together in their bed aboard the Titanic.
00:23:14He was inspired by Isidore and Ida Strauss.
00:23:17Both were born in Germany
00:23:19and had decided to emigrate to the United States
00:23:21when they were still children.
00:23:23They had met in New York
00:23:25and had been married five years later.
00:23:27Isidore had created with his brother
00:23:29a porcelain trade that had developed
00:23:31to become Macy's glassware,
00:23:33making them prodigiously rich.
00:23:35Isidore and Ida were known in New York
00:23:37not only for their opulence and good heart,
00:23:39but also for their love
00:23:41and devotion to each other.
00:23:43In 1912, the couple decided to flee the New York winter
00:23:46and headed for Europe.
00:23:48At that time, they had been married for 40 years.
00:23:51At the beginning of April,
00:23:53it was then time for them to return to New York.
00:23:56They traveled as usual on huge German shipwrecks,
00:23:58but at the time,
00:24:00they could not resist the craze
00:24:02for this new luxury shipwreck,
00:24:04the RMS Titanic.
00:24:06This is how they found themselves
00:24:07in one of the first-class private suites
00:24:10located on the upper deck of the ship.
00:24:12The Strauss couple spent their evenings
00:24:14at dinner in front of an orchestra
00:24:16in a room filled with expensive wooden panels
00:24:18and luxury furniture.
00:24:20On the night of April 14,
00:24:22they felt a slight shake,
00:24:24then they left their private suite
00:24:26and waited for the crew's instructions.
00:24:28They were told not to lose their passports
00:24:30because they would need them
00:24:32when everyone was returning on board.
00:24:34But the ship was sinking.
00:24:35The couple was next
00:24:37to the rescue ship No. 8,
00:24:39and Mr. Strauss, who was 67 at the time,
00:24:41quickly offered a seat with his wife
00:24:43because of his advanced age.
00:24:45He refused,
00:24:47saying that he was not too old
00:24:49to sacrifice himself for a lady.
00:24:51He wanted to wait and make sure
00:24:53that no woman and no child
00:24:55were left abandoned.
00:24:57Ellen Bird, Ida's bedroom wife,
00:24:59hesitated to climb aboard the rescue ship,
00:25:01but Ida ordered her to go.
00:25:03She then made the difficult decision
00:25:05while the ship was sinking.
00:25:07Ida took off her magnificent visor coat
00:25:09and gave it to her growling servant
00:25:11saying that, for her part,
00:25:13she would no longer need it.
00:25:15Isidore could not convince her to save herself,
00:25:17and they stayed together until the end.
00:25:20Some of the first-class passengers
00:25:22who survived will later remember
00:25:24seeing the couple holding hands
00:25:26peacefully on the deck,
00:25:28simply waiting for the inevitable.
00:25:32The Royal Mail Ship, or RMS Titanic,
00:25:33the most famous steam ship in history
00:25:35without any doubt,
00:25:37was once the symbol of luxury
00:25:39and dreams promised to come true.
00:25:41It took 3 years and 3,000 people
00:25:43to build it.
00:25:45On April 10, 1912,
00:25:47the brand new deck
00:25:49welcomed its passengers
00:25:51in a smell of fresh varnish,
00:25:53paint and freshly sawn wood.
00:25:55At the time,
00:25:57lead was still used
00:25:59in the production of paint
00:26:01and linseed oil as a binder.
00:26:03When it was fully operational,
00:26:05the huge ship consumed
00:26:07about 850 tons of coal per day
00:26:10and the passengers could also
00:26:12smell the smoke.
00:26:14Another smell that had to invade
00:26:16the Titanic's decks,
00:26:18at least the first-class ones,
00:26:20was the new scent of the famous
00:26:22garland house, the blue hour.
00:26:24It had been launched
00:26:26earlier that year
00:26:28and quickly became
00:26:30the lady's shell.
00:26:31It had the scent of violets and iris
00:26:33with a nostalgic touch of vanilla.
00:26:35On the fateful evening of April 14,
00:26:37while the Titanic
00:26:39had only a few hours to live,
00:26:41the waiters,
00:26:43unaware of the imminent drama,
00:26:45served oysters,
00:26:47lamb with mint sauce,
00:26:49fried duck with apples
00:26:51and other delights to their first-class customers.
00:26:53The second class was filled
00:26:55with the smell of chicken curry,
00:26:57spring lamb and roasted turkey.
00:26:59The third-class passengers,
00:27:01while the ship was approaching
00:27:03dangerously from the iceberg,
00:27:05a new smell was added to the mix.
00:27:07It was a mineral fragrance
00:27:09with metallic notes.
00:27:11If you have ice in your refrigerator,
00:27:13you have surely noticed
00:27:15that it absorbed the odors
00:27:17of the neighboring food.
00:27:19It's the same for the icebergs.
00:27:21They capture the odors
00:27:23of marine animals
00:27:25and keep the chemical composition
00:27:27of the water they are made of.
00:27:29If more people had known
00:27:31how to navigate the ship,
00:27:33but the number of people
00:27:35who managed to escape it
00:27:37could have been greater.
00:27:39Speaking of odors,
00:27:41if you have ever wondered
00:27:43what the smell of space looked like,
00:27:45but you do not plan to become
00:27:47an astronaut right away,
00:27:49listen to this.
00:27:51You can try Space Water,
00:27:53an aroma that was conceived
00:27:55by NASA a few decades ago.
00:27:57The idea of ​​this perfume
00:27:59was to help astronauts
00:28:01escape the vacuum.
00:28:03So technically,
00:28:05there should be no smell.
00:28:07However, the astronauts
00:28:09who went there
00:28:11remember that it released
00:28:13a pleasant metallic scent,
00:28:15similar to the smell
00:28:17of soldering smoke
00:28:19or gunpowder.
00:28:21They could feel this smell
00:28:23on their space suit
00:28:25after entering their ship.
00:28:27We can also guess
00:28:29the smell of other planets
00:28:31with the same fragrance,
00:28:33by the way.
00:28:35And each of the layers
00:28:37of Jupiter's atmosphere
00:28:39is composed of different molecules.
00:28:41This is why the smell will be different
00:28:43depending on where you are.
00:28:45Some layers will welcome you
00:28:47with a delicious smell of bitter almonds.
00:28:49And others, closer to the surface,
00:28:51smell like our household products.
00:28:53The other planets of the solar system
00:28:55are unlikely to have a distinctive scent
00:28:57because their atmospheres
00:28:59are mainly composed of inodorous gases.
00:29:01The astronauts of the Apollo mission
00:29:03claimed that their dust
00:29:05smelled like gunpowder.
00:29:07The freshly cut grass's scent
00:29:09almost justifies
00:29:11the fact that it regularly
00:29:13sheds its coat.
00:29:15But did you know that the grass
00:29:17doesn't have a good time
00:29:19while you decapitate it?
00:29:21It even shouts for help.
00:29:23And because the grass
00:29:25can't shout out loud,
00:29:27it expresses its discomfort
00:29:29by releasing a mixture
00:29:31of acid and phosphorus.
00:29:33Jupiter loves to nibble
00:29:35its delicious vegetable treats.
00:29:37When you decapitate the grass,
00:29:39it releases jasmonic acid,
00:29:41among other things.
00:29:43It's a kind of signal
00:29:45for the parasitic wasps
00:29:47that there is a caterpillar nearby.
00:29:49The wasps take care of these attackers
00:29:51and the grass can continue
00:29:53to grow happily afterwards.
00:29:55From the grass's point of view,
00:29:57the decapitation is not so different
00:29:59from an insect attack.
00:30:01It's easily recognizable
00:30:03and known as petrichor.
00:30:05But where does it come from?
00:30:07It turns out that some plants
00:30:09secrete oils during dryness.
00:30:11The rocks and the ground
00:30:13accumulate oil-based CS.
00:30:15And when the rain drops
00:30:17infiltrate, they mix with water
00:30:19and are released into the air.
00:30:21Sometimes, these oils combine
00:30:23with other molecules produced
00:30:25by the bacteria living in the ground.
00:30:27The result of this cooperation
00:30:29is this musky smell
00:30:31that is also due to the smell of rain,
00:30:33especially after storms.
00:30:35This occurs when the electric discharge
00:30:37of a lightning separates the atoms
00:30:39of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere
00:30:41and that they then combine
00:30:43in ozone.
00:30:45A theory supports that we would appreciate
00:30:47this aroma of rain
00:30:49because it is engraved in our brain.
00:30:51Our different cultures
00:30:53have always associated rain
00:30:55with a benefit,
00:30:57and we could have inherited
00:30:59this perception.
00:31:01But what is it for you?
00:31:03There are flowers that smell
00:31:05exactly like your favorite snack.
00:31:07It is the product of a tropical plant,
00:31:09after all.
00:31:11And since it is impossible
00:31:13to recreate exactly the magic fragrance
00:31:15of chocolate in a perfume,
00:31:17you can plant chocolate flowers,
00:31:19otherwise known as berlandiera lirata,
00:31:21in your garden.
00:31:23These flowers look like margaritas
00:31:25with yellow petals
00:31:27surrounding a deep red pistil.
00:31:29When you pick these petals,
00:31:31the branches of the plant
00:31:33also produce the same.
00:31:35If you are interested,
00:31:37you can find this flower
00:31:39in the dry soils of Arizona,
00:31:41Texas, Colorado
00:31:43and other states with similar climates.
00:31:45It blooms all year round
00:31:47and its aroma is the strongest
00:31:49on the hottest days.
00:31:51The Asian bear cat,
00:31:53also known as binturong,
00:31:55does not only seem too cute,
00:31:57but it also smells like popcorn with butter.
00:31:59Binturongs prefer to be alone
00:32:01with possible partners
00:32:03during the season of love.
00:32:05Scientists have tried to dig
00:32:07into the secret of their unusual fragrance
00:32:09and suggested that it could come
00:32:11from the secretions of glands
00:32:13located under the animal's tail.
00:32:15Further research has shown
00:32:17that this smell of popcorn
00:32:19actually came from its urine.
00:32:21After the animal responded
00:32:23to the call of nature,
00:32:25it leaves a smelly trace
00:32:27in the trees with its tail
00:32:29which is often soaked.
00:32:31How does it get there
00:32:33without microwaves?
00:32:35The answer could be in their diet
00:32:37or, more likely,
00:32:39in the bacteria that come into contact
00:32:41with the animal's bodily fluids.
00:32:43Durian is a popular fruit
00:32:45in Southeast Asia
00:32:47whose fragrance pleases some,
00:32:49but which for the majority
00:32:51resembles a mixture of rotten onions
00:32:53and dirty socks.
00:32:55The smell is such
00:32:57that the fruit is forbidden
00:32:59in public transport
00:33:01with 44 active odorous components.
00:33:03The mixture is so complex
00:33:05that you can never predict
00:33:07what it will smell like.
00:33:09And despite this horrible smell,
00:33:11durian is considered a delicacy
00:33:13and is mainly used
00:33:15to prepare sweet dishes
00:33:17such as cakes and snacks.
00:33:19A bad-smelling incident
00:33:21involving durian
00:33:23happened one day
00:33:25in an Australian library.
00:33:27The smell of rotten fruit
00:33:29forgotten in a closet
00:33:31had to be evacuated
00:33:33to about 500 students
00:33:35and their teachers.
00:33:37Well, we can say that it stinks.
00:33:39And finally,
00:33:41if you have ever visited
00:33:43natural thermal springs
00:33:45or been to see geysers,
00:33:47you will never forget
00:33:49this smell of hydrogen sulfide
00:33:51or, in a less poetic way,
00:33:53of rot.
00:33:55It is not only unpleasant
00:33:57but also highly flammable.
00:33:59However,
00:34:01the smell does not stay on you
00:34:03after taking a shower.
00:34:05That's it.
00:34:10We know the Titanic
00:34:12by stories
00:34:14and also by a film.
00:34:16Now, we even have
00:34:18a scan of its greatness.
00:34:20And no,
00:34:22it is not one of those old models
00:34:24that made us wonder
00:34:26what the ship really looked like.
00:34:28This time,
00:34:29we took a closer look
00:34:31at the marine background
00:34:33around the Titanic
00:34:35as well as the ship itself.
00:34:37We therefore obtained
00:34:39a 3D image of the whole.
00:34:41It is as if we were diving
00:34:43to incredible depths
00:34:45to see the wreck
00:34:47without water all around.
00:34:49The history of the wreck
00:34:51began in 1985,
00:34:5373 years after the Titanic sank.
00:34:55Explorer Robert Ballard
00:34:57discovered it hidden
00:34:59in the sea.
00:35:01But during his research,
00:35:03he realized the influence
00:35:05of the marine currents
00:35:07on the wreck debris.
00:35:09He noticed that the heaviest objects
00:35:11were sinking quickly
00:35:13and left a trail of debris
00:35:15behind them
00:35:17according to the direction of the currents.
00:35:19Strongly aware of this,
00:35:21Ballard hypothesized
00:35:23that the Titanic had split in two
00:35:25and left a trail of debris.
00:35:27Before he discovered the wreck,
00:35:29his exploration was very difficult.
00:35:31The wreck is huge
00:35:33and the darkness of the ocean
00:35:35did not allow him to see it in its entirety.
00:35:37So we had to settle
00:35:39for fragments in decomposition
00:35:41and we could only speculate
00:35:43on what all these parts
00:35:45put together could look like.
00:35:47But in the summer of 2022,
00:35:49we finally had something different.
00:35:51A team of experts from Magellan Ltd.,
00:35:53a company specialized
00:35:55in mapping marine depths,
00:35:57partnered with Atlantic Productions
00:35:59to produce a documentary on the project.
00:36:01They embarked on a mission
00:36:03to compose a complete image of the Titanic.
00:36:05They used submersibles.
00:36:07These are vehicles that go underwater,
00:36:09remotely controlled
00:36:11by a team of qualified explorers.
00:36:13These submersibles
00:36:15dived deep into the ocean.
00:36:17It was not an easy task.
00:36:19They spent more than 200 hours
00:36:21collecting information
00:36:23on the entire length
00:36:25and width of the wreck.
00:36:27A real treasure hunt.
00:36:29They found something even more precious.
00:36:31More than 700,000 images of the Titanic
00:36:33from all possible angles.
00:36:35Yes, they took pictures
00:36:37of each small part of the ship,
00:36:39even the less interesting ones.
00:36:41Mapping the parts covered with mud
00:36:43was important because it allowed
00:36:45to link the different pieces
00:36:47of the huge puzzle.
00:36:49And that allowed us to obtain
00:36:51a detailed reconstruction of the ship in 3D.
00:36:53Even if it's been more than 100 years,
00:36:55you can still recognize the wreck of the Titanic,
00:36:57covered with rust stalactites.
00:36:59Above the wreck
00:37:01is the deck of the ship,
00:37:03where a large hole gives us a glimpse
00:37:05of the space that once hosted
00:37:07the large staircase.
00:37:09A real window on the glorious past
00:37:11of the ship.
00:37:13Its hull is nothing more
00:37:15than a pile of twisted metal.
00:37:17When the Titanic sank,
00:37:19this part collapsed
00:37:21and sank into the depths.
00:37:23The wreck and the hull
00:37:25were separated by about 800 meters.
00:37:27A vast field of debris surrounds
00:37:29the wreck,
00:37:31decorated with forged iron
00:37:33from the ship,
00:37:35statues,
00:37:37and even unopened champagne bottles.
00:37:39There are also personal effects
00:37:41that have darkened at the same time as the ship.
00:37:43For example,
00:37:45dozens and dozens of shoes.
00:37:47It was not an easy job
00:37:49to go down and take all these photos.
00:37:51It doesn't seem so difficult at first glance
00:37:53given that it's a robot
00:37:55that dived into these unimaginable depths
00:37:57and not people.
00:37:59The conditions are extreme
00:38:01and the pressure is getting stronger
00:38:03as we go down.
00:38:05And our vehicle had to dive
00:38:07up to almost 4,000 meters.
00:38:09It's like 12 Eiffel Towers stacked
00:38:11on top of each other.
00:38:13In addition, there is strong current
00:38:15in this area,
00:38:17so it was a bit like sailing
00:38:19in an aquatic labyrinth.
00:38:21And the submersibles
00:38:23were not supposed to touch anything.
00:38:25The slightest wrong step
00:38:27could damage the wreck
00:38:29that was waiting for us.
00:38:31But in reality,
00:38:33it disappears slowly.
00:38:35It is quite obvious
00:38:37that the ocean water damaged it
00:38:39given the time it spent down there.
00:38:41But that's not all.
00:38:43The wreck now houses
00:38:45a particular type of bacteria
00:38:47which has even received
00:38:49the name of the famous ship.
00:38:51These bacteria have
00:38:53a particular aptitude.
00:38:55They can survive inside
00:38:57rust formations
00:38:59such as this iron
00:39:01found in abundance
00:39:03in the hull of the ship.
00:39:05A real buffet for these creatures.
00:39:07And over time,
00:39:09these bacteria will continue
00:39:11to pile up the ship's iron
00:39:13little by little
00:39:15until one day
00:39:17the feast ends
00:39:19with the ship's disappearance.
00:39:21It's like a slow but regular
00:39:23recycling process.
00:39:25Thus, this 3D model
00:39:27we obtained
00:39:29could help us better
00:39:31understand the collision
00:39:33between the Titanic and the iceberg.
00:39:35Films always show us
00:39:37the Titanic hitting the iceberg
00:39:39on the right side.
00:39:41Well, we can't really be sure.
00:39:43These images could help us
00:39:45understand if the ship really
00:39:47landed on the iceberg,
00:39:49if it's hooked.
00:39:51We can study the stern
00:39:53and analyze the way
00:39:55the Titanic hit the seabed.
00:39:57It will also help us
00:39:59understand if it was really
00:40:01a violent fire that sealed
00:40:03the fate of the Titanic.
00:40:05According to a theory,
00:40:07a fire would have raged
00:40:09for three weeks
00:40:11before the ship made
00:40:13its first and last voyage.
00:40:15This would have weakened its hull,
00:40:17which means that the biggest
00:40:19of the work had already been done.
00:40:21The iceberg would only have
00:40:23given it a taste of grace.
00:40:25And if there was even an iceberg,
00:40:27as some wonder.
00:40:29There are several ice plates
00:40:31floating near the surface of the ocean
00:40:33that can be difficult to spot.
00:40:35They think that this mass
00:40:37could have drifted into the Atlantic
00:40:39from the Arctic Ocean.
00:40:41According to a professional sailor
00:40:43who defends this idea,
00:40:45if the Titanic had hit
00:40:47an ordinary iceberg,
00:40:49the ship would have sank
00:40:51much faster than it did.
00:40:53And since the Titanic managed
00:40:55to stay on the surface
00:40:57for a relatively long period,
00:40:59they said that the testimonies
00:41:01of the people present
00:41:03were sometimes contradictory.
00:41:05They think these differences
00:41:07are due to optical illusions.
00:41:09When people looked at the ocean
00:41:11that night,
00:41:13the way the light reflected
00:41:15on the water,
00:41:17as well as the particular conditions
00:41:19at that time,
00:41:21could give them the impression
00:41:23that some objects were
00:41:25closer than they were in reality.
00:41:27Thus, they may have seen
00:41:29the potential danger,
00:41:31but unfortunately,
00:41:33they did not.
00:41:35It seems that it was
00:41:37in a closet that no one
00:41:39apparently had the key to.
00:41:41Once a famous giant,
00:41:43it was the largest ship of its time.
00:41:45Today, there are only two large pieces
00:41:47lying at the bottom of the ocean
00:41:49about 600 meters from each other,
00:41:51torn by the catastrophic collision
00:41:53and used by time.
00:41:55The Titanic's hull
00:41:57was completely destroyed
00:41:59by the explosion.
00:42:01But we can still recognize the wreckage
00:42:03because many interiors
00:42:05have been preserved.
00:42:07There is a particular type of bacteria
00:42:09on the ship's rusticities.
00:42:11A rusticity is a brownish formation
00:42:13of rust that forms under the water
00:42:15when the forged iron
00:42:17of which the ship is made,
00:42:19oxidizes.
00:42:21This means that the bacteria
00:42:23eat the iron from the Titanic's hull
00:42:25little by little.
00:42:27And it seems that they will have
00:42:29a long life ahead of them.
00:42:31We could think that it would be easier
00:42:33to remove the wreckage
00:42:35to be able to preserve it.
00:42:37But it would crumble
00:42:39if we tried to do it.
00:42:41It has been more than 110 years
00:42:43that it is under water
00:42:45and it is so rusty
00:42:47that we could not rebuild the pieces
00:42:49even if we managed to get them out
00:42:51of the depths of the ocean.
00:42:53In your opinion,
00:42:55among the 700 people
00:42:57who survived the Titanic's shipwreck,
00:42:59how much heat
00:43:01literally sank under their eyes?
00:43:03It turns out that the sound
00:43:05probably did not travel from water to air.
00:43:07We do not hear very well in the water
00:43:09because our body is not designed
00:43:11to perceive sounds in such an environment.
00:43:13And although the passengers
00:43:15were close to the shipwreck site,
00:43:17the Titanic still touched the bottom
00:43:19at a great depth, 3,800 meters.
00:43:21There are a lot of landslides
00:43:23and underwater earthquakes
00:43:25that we cannot even hear.
00:43:27And yet,
00:43:29the Titanic is a ship
00:43:31that crashes at the bottom of the ocean.
00:43:33Most of the vibrations and sounds
00:43:35must have dispersed
00:43:37on a vast area.
00:43:39In addition, the breath of water,
00:43:41which many think hit the Titanic
00:43:43after it hit the bottom of the ocean,
00:43:45must have repulsed
00:43:47the majority of potential acoustic vibrations.
00:43:49And then, the bottom of the ocean
00:43:51is not so hard
00:43:53that it can produce such loud sounds.
00:43:55Many survivors claimed
00:43:57to have heard terrifying sounds
00:43:59after the ship disappeared
00:44:01under the surface of the water.
00:44:03Some survivors
00:44:05told the chaos that reigned
00:44:07when the passengers,
00:44:09mainly women and children,
00:44:11boarded the lifeboats.
00:44:13There were not enough lifeboats
00:44:15and some were not even fully loaded.
00:44:17No one knew how to react
00:44:19correctly in such a situation.
00:44:21The lifeboat landing exercise
00:44:23was planned for the morning
00:44:25before the collision of the Titanic
00:44:27with the iceberg.
00:44:29But due to an unknown reason,
00:44:31it was cancelled.
00:44:33A giant lifeboat,
00:44:35believed to be unsinkable,
00:44:37crossed the ocean.
00:44:39On its way, it hit an iceberg
00:44:41and sank.
00:44:43We all know the story.
00:44:45But what is scary
00:44:47is that it is also the plot
00:44:49of the Titanic wreck,
00:44:51a novel published in 1898,
00:44:5314 years before the Titanic sank
00:44:55or even built.
00:44:57In the novel,
00:44:59the Titanic was a ship
00:45:01for all passengers on board.
00:45:03It was also the largest ship of the time,
00:45:05almost the same size
00:45:07as the Titanic.
00:45:09The Titan and the Titanic
00:45:11sank in April.
00:45:13Dorothy Gibson was an American actress
00:45:15of silent films
00:45:17and one of the passengers of the Titanic.
00:45:19She survived the disaster.
00:45:21As soon as she arrived in New York,
00:45:23she started shooting
00:45:25Save the Titanic.
00:45:27The film was released
00:45:29with the same shoes and clothes
00:45:31as those she wore
00:45:33when she was on the boat.
00:45:35The film was a success,
00:45:37but the film was destroyed
00:45:39in a fire and no longer exists
00:45:41in the memories like Jack Dawson.
00:45:43The Titanic was not the only one
00:45:45to sail in the cold ocean
00:45:47near the iceberg that hit it.
00:45:49The SS Californian
00:45:51was relatively close.
00:45:53But its radio was off that night.
00:45:55At some point,
00:45:57the crew members
00:45:59had to wake their captain
00:46:01to warn him,
00:46:03but he did not give any order.
00:46:05They thought it was
00:46:07a simple firework.
00:46:09They did not realize
00:46:11that it was actually
00:46:13a call for help.
00:46:15The lighting rockets
00:46:17that the Titanic crew members
00:46:19had launched into the sky
00:46:21hoping that someone would notice them.
00:46:23When the SS Californian
00:46:25received the SOS messages,
00:46:27it was already too late.
00:46:29She could cause
00:46:31abnormally strong tides
00:46:33that finally sent several icebergs
00:46:35to the south
00:46:37just as the Titanic crossed the zone.
00:46:39Would you dare to taste
00:46:41the Titanic cheese?
00:46:43The wreck has been under the surface
00:46:45of the ocean for more than 100 years
00:46:47and it took more than 70 years
00:46:49to find it.
00:46:51In the meantime,
00:46:53most of the food that had
00:46:55sunk with the ship
00:46:57has of course been spoiled.
00:46:59For example, cheese.
00:47:01The microbes that turn milk into cheese
00:47:03create special conditions
00:47:05to protect the product
00:47:07from degradation.
00:47:09Similarly, several objects
00:47:11have survived the wreck,
00:47:13such as this manuscript
00:47:15written by a mother and her daughter
00:47:17to the grandmother of the latter
00:47:19in which she tells
00:47:21the incredible journey
00:47:23they made together.
00:47:25The letter has been preserved
00:47:27for more than 100 years
00:47:29in the wreck.
00:47:31The musicians of the Titanic
00:47:33played until the last moment.
00:47:35Partitions and an old violin
00:47:37were found in the wreck,
00:47:39as well as the bell
00:47:41of one of the crew members
00:47:43rang three times
00:47:45to warn that an iceberg
00:47:47was very close.
00:47:49Or a clock that stopped
00:47:51at 1.45am,
00:47:53the time when the ship
00:47:55sank into the water.
00:47:57One person
00:47:59took the place
00:48:01of the second officer of the Titanic,
00:48:03but he was removed from the crew
00:48:05at the last moment,
00:48:07which saved his life.
00:48:09It was a great chance for him,
00:48:11but something came to disturb his joy.
00:48:13What if he was the only person
00:48:15who could have done something
00:48:17to save the ship and the passengers?
00:48:19At the time,
00:48:21ships did not have
00:48:23a technology as sophisticated
00:48:25as today.
00:48:27They could not see
00:48:29where they were kept.
00:48:31David Blair was responsible
00:48:33for the keys.
00:48:35He left the ship in a hurry
00:48:37and forgot to return the keys
00:48:39in his pocket.
00:48:41Maybe if the crew members
00:48:43had had access to the binoculars,
00:48:45they would have seen the iceberg in time
00:48:47and had time to change caps.
00:48:49It is possible that the giant iceberg
00:48:51that sent the Titanic
00:48:53to the bottom of the ocean
00:48:55was made up of snow
00:48:56and used a computer model
00:48:58to calculate the trajectories
00:49:00of the iceberg
00:49:02during a given year
00:49:04by taking into account
00:49:06the ocean currents
00:49:08and meteorological data
00:49:10of the year in question.
00:49:12It is possible that the iceberg
00:49:14is 520 meters long
00:49:16and weighs about 75 tons.
00:49:18When it collided with the Titanic,
00:49:20it only weighed 1.5 tons.
00:49:22Violette Constance Jessop
00:49:24was nicknamed Miss Insubmersible.
00:49:26She was on the Titanic as a hostess.
00:49:28During the tragic night
00:49:30when the ship hit the iceberg,
00:49:32she was lying in her bed.
00:49:34As soon as she heard
00:49:36that something was happening,
00:49:38she got dressed and quickly
00:49:40got on the deck.
00:49:42Violette helped the passengers
00:49:44to get on the lifeboats.
00:49:46Four years later,
00:49:48she was on the Titanic,
00:49:50the Titanic's twin ship.
00:49:52Once again,
00:49:54the ship began to sink.
00:49:56It sank before it disappeared
00:49:58under the surface.
00:50:00If you watched the film,
00:50:02you know that the ship did not sink
00:50:04immediately after the meeting
00:50:06with the iceberg took place.
00:50:08The whole process lasted
00:50:102 hours and 40 minutes.
00:50:12But the situation was delicate.
00:50:14There were 2,200 people
00:50:16to take care of,
00:50:18including the crew and the passengers,
00:50:20and the chaos reigned on board.
00:50:22The chief engineer,
00:50:24Thomas Andrew,
00:50:26did not want to stay afloat.
00:50:28At midnight,
00:50:30all the crew began to prepare
00:50:32the lifeboats for the inflow.
00:50:34They had 20 canoes
00:50:36with room for only 1,178 people,
00:50:38which represented
00:50:40just over 50% of the people on board.
00:50:42The order was
00:50:44to put the women and children
00:50:46in safety first.
00:50:48The crew members were there
00:50:50to row and guide the canoes.
00:50:52During the next 2 hours,
00:50:54things began to intensify
00:50:56and it was time
00:50:58to wake the passengers
00:51:00and warn them
00:51:02that something serious
00:51:04was happening.
00:51:06They wanted to put them
00:51:08in a rescue fleet
00:51:10as soon as possible.
00:51:12At midnight,
00:51:1415 crew members
00:51:16sent a distress signal.
00:51:18A steamboat called
00:51:20the Frankfurt
00:51:22was among the first
00:51:24to receive this message
00:51:27At 8.20 p.m.,
00:51:29the steamboat Capartia
00:51:31from the company Cunard
00:51:33received a distress signal
00:51:35from the Titanic
00:51:37and immediately changed course.
00:51:39They were then
00:51:4158 nautical miles away,
00:51:43or 107 km,
00:51:45and it would take them
00:51:47more than 3 hours to arrive.
00:51:4920 minutes later,
00:51:51the crew descended
00:51:53the first rescue canoe.
00:51:54Many of the first rescue canoes
00:51:56were filled
00:51:58below their capacity.
00:52:00The crew members
00:52:02were worried
00:52:04that the cranes
00:52:06could not bear
00:52:08the weight of a fully loaded
00:52:10rescue canoe.
00:52:12At first,
00:52:14many passengers
00:52:16were simply too scared
00:52:18to leave the ship.
00:52:20They still thought
00:52:22that the Titanic
00:52:24would collapse
00:52:26without success.
00:52:28No one was close enough
00:52:30to help them.
00:52:32At 1.20 p.m.,
00:52:34they had lowered
00:52:3610 rescue canoes.
00:52:38The 8th contained
00:52:40only 28 people.
00:52:42One of the passengers
00:52:44of the 10th
00:52:46was little Milvina Dean,
00:52:489 weeks old.
00:52:50She would later become
00:52:52the last of the survivors
00:52:54of the Titanic.
00:52:56The bow of the ship
00:52:58had sunk very low
00:53:00and had tilted far
00:53:02under the surface.
00:53:04People who were not far
00:53:06could now clearly see
00:53:08the propellers of the stern
00:53:10above the water.
00:53:12The crew members
00:53:14were descending
00:53:16the foldable rescue canoe
00:53:18D from the officers' quarters
00:53:20with more than 20 passengers
00:53:22inside.
00:53:24While the crew members
00:53:26were trying to free
00:53:28the foldable rescue canoe B,
00:53:30it fell.
00:53:32Before it could stand up again,
00:53:34the water carried it far away from the ship.
00:53:3630 passengers still managed
00:53:38to get on the overturned
00:53:40rescue canoe.
00:53:42At 2.17 p.m.,
00:53:44the ship's radio telegraphist
00:53:46decided to transmit
00:53:48a last distress call.
00:53:50A minute later,
00:53:52the ship's light finally went out.
00:53:54The bow continued
00:53:56to sink and the stern
00:53:58rose higher above the surface,
00:54:00which exerted a great pressure
00:54:02on the ship's central part.
00:54:04Horrible sounds filled the night.
00:54:06The Titanic,
00:54:08this huge legendary ship
00:54:10in which so many people
00:54:12had placed their hopes,
00:54:14broke in two
00:54:16between the third and fourth chimneys.
00:54:18According to the reports,
00:54:20it took about six minutes
00:54:22to reach the bottom of the ocean.
00:54:24The ship fell back on the water
00:54:26before rising again
00:54:28in a vertical position.
00:54:30It stayed in this position
00:54:32until it finally disappeared
00:54:34into the ocean.
00:54:36At 2.20 p.m.,
00:54:38the ship had apparently
00:54:40retained air inside
00:54:42and the water pressure
00:54:44crushed it as it descended.
00:54:46The ship landed
00:54:48about 600 meters from the deck.
00:54:50People considered the Titanic
00:54:52as the fastest boat in the world.
00:54:54And this would still not cause
00:54:56a critical loss of flotability.
00:54:58But his life would have been problematic
00:55:00from the start.
00:55:02As the ship left the port,
00:55:04he scratched the New York
00:55:06backbone a few times.
00:55:08He managed to get through
00:55:10without a hitch,
00:55:12which was a huge relief
00:55:14for all the passengers
00:55:16who were stuck on the ship's deck.
00:55:18The Titanic took off on April 10.
00:55:20Its first trip was to cross
00:55:22the very competitive Atlantic road.
00:55:24At launch,
00:55:26the Titanic became
00:55:28the largest mobile object
00:55:30in the history of mankind.
00:55:32269 meters long,
00:55:3428 meters wide.
00:55:36Not so large
00:55:38if you compare it
00:55:40to today's ships.
00:55:42The largest cruise ship
00:55:44in the world is currently
00:55:46the Royal Caribbean
00:55:48Symphony of the Sea,
00:55:50which is about five times
00:55:52the size of the Titanic.
00:55:54But the Titanic was
00:55:56a huge attraction at the time.
00:55:58At one point in their journey,
00:56:00it made a stop in France,
00:56:02after which it made
00:56:04another stop in Ireland.
00:56:06Once the last passengers
00:56:08were on board,
00:56:10the gigantic ship
00:56:12set off at full speed
00:56:14to its final destination,
00:56:16New York.
00:56:18Four days after the start
00:56:20of its journey,
00:56:22the Titanic failed
00:56:24and sank.
00:56:26Only 700 people survived
00:56:28and most of them
00:56:30were women and children.
00:56:32The night was extremely cold.
00:56:34An hour and 20 minutes
00:56:36after the Titanic
00:56:38was lowered
00:56:40to the bottom of the ocean,
00:56:42the survivors
00:56:44were not even sure
00:56:46that someone was coming
00:56:48to save them.
00:56:50Finally,
00:56:52they saw the light.
00:56:54The crew of the ship
00:56:56tried to contact the Titanic
00:56:58a few hours after its sinking.
00:57:00Their messages
00:57:02never received an answer.
00:57:04Later, when an investigation
00:57:06was carried out
00:57:08on what had really happened,
00:57:10they discovered that
00:57:12the Californian ship
00:57:14of the company,
00:57:16the Island,
00:57:18was less than 30 km away
00:57:20when the Titanic sank.
00:57:22But the crew did not hear
00:57:24the details of what
00:57:26had happened to the Titanic.
00:57:28They decided to make changes
00:57:30to the operations of the ships,
00:57:32rules that would help
00:57:34to avoid such events in the future.
00:57:36They organized
00:57:38the first international convention
00:57:40for the safeguarding
00:57:42of human life at sea
00:57:44where they adopted rules
00:57:46so that each ship
00:57:48has enough lifeboats
00:57:50for all passengers on board.
00:57:52In addition,
00:57:54the company decided
00:57:56to create an international ice patrol.
00:57:58Its main role was
00:58:00to monitor the icebergs
00:58:02in the navigation routes
00:58:04of the North Atlantic.
00:58:06The ships should also
00:58:08ensure a 24-hour radio watch.
00:58:10The Titanic was not built alone.
00:58:12Because of the size
00:58:14of this magnificent ship
00:58:16and all the new equipment
00:58:18it needed,
00:58:20it would have been too expensive
00:58:22to build it in one copy.
00:58:24But they had busy lives.
00:58:26The RMS Olympique
00:58:28was ready first.
00:58:30It was launched in 1910
00:58:32and for a whole year
00:58:34it was the largest ship of the world.
00:58:36The British was another twin ship
00:58:38that sailed for a while
00:58:40before ending up
00:58:42at the bottom of the ocean.
00:58:44But only the Titanic
00:58:46has become a legend
00:58:48and one of the most fascinating
00:58:50stories in modern history.
00:58:52It was 11.39 a.m.
00:58:54when the Titanic's watch
00:58:56shouted
00:58:58Iceberg straight ahead.
00:59:00The measures taken quickly
00:59:02on the bridge
00:59:04to reduce speed
00:59:06and modify the ship's cap
00:59:08were useless.
00:59:10And you already know
00:59:12the end of the story.
00:59:14Since then,
00:59:16we consider what happened
00:59:18to the Titanic
00:59:19to be a real disaster.
00:59:21At the time,
00:59:23ships had to be warned
00:59:25about the location of the icebergs.
00:59:27What confidence they needed to have.
00:59:29That's when the Titanic disaster happened.
00:59:31A real disaster
00:59:33that encouraged specialists
00:59:35to create an organization
00:59:37that would prevent
00:59:39this kind of accident from happening again.
00:59:41A year later,
00:59:43they created the International Ice Patrol
00:59:45or IAP in abbreviation.
00:59:49Even today,
00:59:51this group is in charge
00:59:53of warning ships
00:59:55about dangerous ice on their way.
00:59:57The IAP has improved its methods
00:59:59over the years
01:00:01by using ships
01:00:03as well as aircraft patrols
01:00:05and satellite imaging.
01:00:07Recently,
01:00:09they also used oceanographic buoys,
01:00:11a floating device
01:00:13that provides real-time information
01:00:15on ocean conditions
01:00:17up to 50 meters deep
01:00:19for ships and icebergs.
01:00:21But you always have to be on high alert
01:00:23because the most advanced
01:00:25detection equipment
01:00:27cannot prevent
01:00:29all unfortunate situations.
01:00:31Between 1980 and 2005,
01:00:33there were 57 incidents
01:00:35involving ships
01:00:37and icebergs.
01:00:39And the cold truth
01:00:41is that today's boats
01:00:43are more likely to hit an iceberg
01:00:45than the Titanic.
01:00:47According to research,
01:00:49the Titanic sank
01:00:51in 1912.
01:00:53You might think it's a lot,
01:00:55but scientists
01:00:57don't really care.
01:00:59It's true,
01:01:01it's a bit high,
01:01:03but the last 14 years
01:01:05have been marked
01:01:07by an even more intense
01:01:09iceberg circulation.
01:01:11Today,
01:01:13the number of big icebergs
01:01:15is increasing
01:01:17but the real danger
01:01:19are the invisible enemies,
01:01:21the fragments of glaciers.
01:01:25The pieces of glaciers
01:01:27are small icebergs
01:01:29about the size of a house door.
01:01:31The small icebergs,
01:01:33on the other hand,
01:01:35are comparable in size to a bus.
01:01:37These icebergs seem harmless,
01:01:39but they can cause problems
01:01:41because they are generally
01:01:43completely invisible
01:01:44What happens
01:01:46when a large modern cruise ship
01:01:48hits one of these small icebergs?
01:01:50Here is the Norwegian Sun,
01:01:52a luxurious cruise ship
01:01:54similar to the Titanic
01:01:56with a capacity of 2,400 passengers
01:01:58and more than 900 crew members.
01:02:00In June 2022,
01:02:02this cruise ship was sailing
01:02:04towards the Eubard glacier in Alaska
01:02:06when it found itself
01:02:08in the middle of a thick fog.
01:02:10Suddenly,
01:02:12its passengers felt a great shock
01:02:14and the ship shook.
01:02:16Once the fog had dissipated,
01:02:18they realized what had happened.
01:02:20The Norwegian Sun
01:02:22had collided with a small iceberg
01:02:24but it did not know the tragic outcome
01:02:26of its famous ancestor.
01:02:28Fortunately,
01:02:30no one was injured
01:02:32and the passengers and crew
01:02:34were able to land in Alaska without trouble.
01:02:36Divers checked the ship
01:02:38and found that it had suffered
01:02:40some damage after the collision.
01:02:42The rest of the trip was therefore canceled.
01:02:45But do not worry about
01:02:47your next trip to the Atlantic
01:02:49because accidents like that of the Norwegian Sun
01:02:51are really rare.
01:02:53It is common for ships to come into contact
01:02:55with ice.
01:02:57What is less common
01:02:59is that it is a problem.
01:03:01Most modern cruise ships
01:03:03do not suffer any damage
01:03:05during these unexpected encounters
01:03:07and there is a reason for this.
01:03:09The steel used in the construction of the Titanic
01:03:11played an important role in the disaster.
01:03:12The insubmersible ship,
01:03:14after all,
01:03:16was not as resistant as that.
01:03:18The Titanic's hull was built
01:03:20with about 2,000 plates of steel
01:03:22which were said to have been produced
01:03:24in an open-air oven.
01:03:26As a result, the steel contained
01:03:28a high concentration of phosphorus,
01:03:30oxygen and sulfur.
01:03:32These elements make the steel brittle
01:03:34at low temperatures,
01:03:36which makes it fragile
01:03:38in the event of an impact.
01:03:40Although the steel used on the Titanic
01:03:42did not meet the safety standards
01:03:44of modern ships,
01:03:46it was about ten times less solid
01:03:48than the one used by today's ships.
01:03:52But the biggest difference
01:03:54between the Titanic and modern ships
01:03:56lies in the assembly of the hull.
01:03:58In fact,
01:04:00more than three million plates
01:04:02were used to assemble
01:04:04the hull and the structure
01:04:06of the Titanic's upper deck.
01:04:08Thus, when the iceberg hit,
01:04:10the plates triggered a chain reaction
01:04:12of a whole section of the hull,
01:04:14which led to an uncontrollable water leak.
01:04:16On the other hand,
01:04:18modern ships use a method
01:04:20called submerged bow welding,
01:04:22which merges the edges of the metal parts
01:04:24and thus allows
01:04:26a continuous and solid surface.
01:04:28This method is safer
01:04:30because if a part of the ship is damaged,
01:04:32the tear will not spread,
01:04:34which would aggravate the situation.
01:04:36The damage remains circumscribed
01:04:38to the impact area.
01:04:40Small icebergs are therefore
01:04:42adapted to deal with it.
01:04:44But there is still a scenario to consider.
01:04:46What would happen
01:04:48if a huge cruise ship
01:04:50hit an iceberg
01:04:52the size of a five-story building?
01:04:54Imagine that we have just created
01:04:56the largest cruise ship in the world.
01:04:58Let's call it the Sympathlantic.
01:05:00Our floating station is huge,
01:05:02four times larger
01:05:04than the Statue of Liberty.
01:05:06It exceeds the Titanic by 97 metres
01:05:08and carries three times more passengers
01:05:10and crew members.
01:05:12And just like the Titanic,
01:05:14our fictional ship
01:05:16can sail at a maximum speed
01:05:18of about 23 knots.
01:05:20Now imagine the following scenario.
01:05:22The Sympathlantic
01:05:24sails at full speed
01:05:26in glacial waters.
01:05:28It is the middle of the night
01:05:30and the captain does not realize
01:05:32that the iceberg detection equipment
01:05:34does not work.
01:05:36It has not worked for three days.
01:05:38There is a lot of fog
01:05:40and the watch does not notice
01:05:42that there is fog.
01:05:44If this situation occurred
01:05:46and the ship hit the iceberg
01:05:48at full speed,
01:05:50it could lead to a shipwreck.
01:05:52But you can see
01:05:54that it is very unlikely,
01:05:56can't you?
01:05:58That's why the experts
01:06:00are quite convinced
01:06:02that the ice will not make
01:06:04modern cruise ships sink.
01:06:06It is also worth mentioning
01:06:08that security measures
01:06:10have improved since the Titanic.
01:06:12We are now prepared
01:06:14to handle emergency procedures
01:06:16and passengers should also
01:06:18follow a training before departure.
01:06:20I know, I know, everything.
01:06:22What we want
01:06:24is to rest on the shore of the pool
01:06:26with a lemonade.
01:06:28But as you know,
01:06:30it is all these measures
01:06:32that have prevented the passengers
01:06:34of the MS Explorer
01:06:36from suffering the same fate
01:06:38as those of the Titanic.
01:06:40In 2007,
01:06:42after the ship hit an iceberg
01:06:44in the Antarctic,
01:06:46imagine their panic.
01:06:48They had to wait for help
01:06:50for four long hours.
01:06:52The crew did an excellent job
01:06:54to ensure safety.
01:06:56There is no doubt about that.
01:06:58But a report published two years later
01:07:00indicates that the accident
01:07:02of the MS Explorer
01:07:04was caused by the inexperience
01:07:06of the captain
01:07:08who would have pushed the ship
01:07:10at high speed
01:07:12against a real ice wall.
01:07:14The ship was hit hard
01:07:16and fell on the water.
01:07:18The captain was in shock
01:07:20and was unable to speak.
01:07:22He was in a critical state
01:07:24and he did not know
01:07:26where to go.
01:07:28He was not able to speak
01:07:30and his front teeth were broken.
01:07:32The captain was unable
01:07:34to speak
01:07:36and his back teeth
01:07:38were broken.
01:07:40He was in a critical state
01:07:42Do you remember the heartbreaking scenes of the Titanic shot from books or movies, don't you?
01:07:48Do you know, for example, the one where the boat is sinking without anyone being able to do anything?
01:07:54Well, it turns out that this story is not entirely true.
01:07:58At least if you believe a historian, author of a book relating the events that took place on the unfortunate wreck.
01:08:05If what he says is true, each soul on board the Titanic could have been saved.
01:08:10He writes that the California SS and the SS Mount Temple were close enough to technically see the Titanic sink into the ocean.
01:08:18But they didn't act because they were afraid.
01:08:22Or because they had no idea what they were doing.
01:08:28At the time, no one thought that the Titanic was likely to sink.
01:08:32And it had everything you could imagine.
01:08:34Luxury salons in the Turkish baths, through a squash course.
01:08:38But as he was rushing through the ocean, ready to break the record of crossing the Atlantic,
01:08:44he hit an iceberg and everything changed from there.
01:08:48Many ships wanted to help the wreck in distress and headed for the Titanic after hearing the distress calls.
01:08:55But the two closest ships abstained.
01:08:58The SS Mount Temple, first of all, was very close.
01:09:01It was only 80 km away and could have reached the Titanic in a few hours.
01:09:07Thus saving all passengers.
01:09:09However, his captain estimated that such a trip was too risky.
01:09:13There were icebergs, weren't there?
01:09:18There is nothing we can do today.
01:09:21But we can use our imagination and theoretically save the situation.
01:09:26Citizen Lambda may have had a hard time helping people on the Titanic.
01:09:31But what if we could ask the help of superheroes?
01:09:38To begin with, it would be useful to have a person able to travel in time, wouldn't it?
01:09:43She could go back in time and warn the crew that an iceberg is very close
01:09:48and that it is necessary to move the ship away from its trajectory as quickly as possible.
01:09:52Or, even better, go back even further in time and warn the captain of the ship not to take the trip.
01:09:59I can say that there are many things that could have been done better in the case of the Titanic.
01:10:06First of all, the crew did not have access to binoculars.
01:10:09If they had had this crucial equipment, they might have spotted the iceberg in time,
01:10:15which would have at least allowed them to limit the damage or avoid the collision.
01:10:20And don't tell me about the lifeboats.
01:10:22Because they wanted the ship to be as luxurious as possible,
01:10:26there was little space left for the essential lifeboats that could have saved so many lives.
01:10:31Although there were 2,200 people on board, the lifeboats could only save 1,200.
01:10:39What about the volume?
01:10:41Could a flying superhero have helped to avoid this tragedy?
01:10:45I bet so.
01:10:46This superhero could have watched the area, especially at night, when visibility is low.
01:10:52In addition, the hero could have helped to alert the neighboring ships more quickly
01:10:57that something was wrong with the Titanic.
01:11:00And that help was needed to ensure that no one was hurt.
01:11:04If someone on board had been able to fly,
01:11:06he might have been able to transport a certain number of passengers to a safe place.
01:11:12Laser vision?
01:11:14That would have been cool.
01:11:15A person with laser vision could have pulverized this iceberg in no time.
01:11:20Instead of shivering in the dark on this fateful night of April 1912,
01:11:24people could have enjoyed a good fresh drink on the bridge the next morning.
01:11:29Thanks to a remnant of harmless ice that was still hanging on the ship.
01:11:33Okay, this person with laser vision may not have been powerful enough
01:11:38to split the iceberg in two so that the Titanic could pass safely.
01:11:42But she could have at least helped to open the locked room where the twins were.
01:11:46That's for sure.
01:11:50A person with superhuman strength?
01:11:52Yes, that could have been useful.
01:11:55She could have placed herself between the ship and the iceberg, thus preventing the collision.
01:11:59If, for example, this person was sleeping when the Titanic hit the huge block of ice,
01:12:04it doesn't matter.
01:12:06She would have simply kept the Titanic afloat
01:12:08until close ships came to rescue all the people on board.
01:12:16If you had the ability to breathe underwater,
01:12:19you would have at least managed to survive on the Titanic.
01:12:22Technically, there is not much you could have done differently on the boat.
01:12:26You might have been able to save other passengers,
01:12:29but only if you were strong enough to keep them afloat
01:12:32while you swam comfortably underwater.
01:12:37If a person on board had been able to control the elements,
01:12:40it would have been extraordinary.
01:12:42Not only would it have saved a large number of passengers,
01:12:45if not all, but it would have been fascinating to watch.
01:12:49Such a superhero would have been able to remove the Titanic from the water
01:12:53after it had hit the iceberg.
01:12:56If he had been agile enough and had seen the iceberg before it hit the ship,
01:13:01he could have transformed the big block of ice into water with a simple snap of his fingers.
01:13:08If we look at the archives of that night,
01:13:10everything happened very quickly on the Titanic.
01:13:14Wouldn't it have been nice to have a person on board who could slow down time?
01:13:18For the purposes of the story,
01:13:20let's also imagine that this person has a very developed intuition.
01:13:24She could have felt that something was wrong with the smell of the air
01:13:27or the reaction of the crew when the iceberg was spotted for the first time.
01:13:32With a simple gesture of the hand,
01:13:34she would have slowed down time.
01:13:36Almost frozen.
01:13:38They could have checked the ship's records,
01:13:41its abnormally fast speed,
01:13:43and alerted the captain to make a decision in time.
01:13:46The Titanic could have stopped
01:13:48or turned away from the iceberg.
01:13:53A superhero with a night vision would also have been useful.
01:13:57At least, the superhero would have spotted the iceberg earlier than the others.
01:14:01Since he could have seen much better in low-light conditions,
01:14:05this hero would probably have managed the rescue efforts better
01:14:08during this disastrous night.
01:14:12Invisibility?
01:14:13Would this superpower have prevented the Titanic from sinking at the bottom of the Atlantic?
01:14:18I could imagine one or two possible scenarios.
01:14:21Anyone who has the power to become invisible when they wish
01:14:25would probably have gone to search the ship.
01:14:28It should not be forgotten that the Titanic had on board
01:14:30some of the most important members of society.
01:14:33It was not a boat like the others.
01:14:35The last crew members were probably on board.
01:14:38Among all this banal information,
01:14:41this superhero could have heard the captain say
01:14:43that they were going faster than they should have.
01:14:46Or that there were not enough rescue channels
01:14:48to save everyone in case of major problems.
01:14:52Who knows what this curious superhero
01:14:54could have done with all this information?
01:14:57Any wizard could have saved the Titanic
01:15:00if he had been on board, I'm sure of it.
01:15:02There must be in a book
01:15:04a magical formula useful for ships that sink, right?
01:15:07Maybe a formula that could have helped to weld the metal
01:15:10after it was hit by the iceberg.
01:15:13Or maybe a formula that would have allowed
01:15:15to transport the entire ship by plane to a safe place
01:15:18once it was hit.
01:15:20And why not a spell that would have transformed the Titanic into a submarine,
01:15:24creating a protective layer around it
01:15:26so that it can move comfortably under the sea.
01:15:29It would certainly have been cool
01:15:31and would have given passengers a really unique experience.
01:15:35The ability to communicate with animals or fish
01:15:38would certainly have been useful too.
01:15:40Even if everything had failed
01:15:42and the Titanic had hit the iceberg,
01:15:44that it had been filled with water
01:15:46and that it had found itself near the bottom of the sea,
01:15:48people could still have been saved.
01:15:50Indeed, there would have been someone on board
01:15:52who could have ordered the dolphins
01:15:54to transport people to a safe place.
01:15:56I am convinced that these intelligent creatures
01:15:58would have been delighted to provide their help.
01:16:01The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912,
01:16:05carrying with it all the goods of the passengers
01:16:08as well as the equipment of the ship
01:16:10in the dark depths of the oceans.
01:16:13These objects patiently waited to be found until 1995.
01:16:18Despite the rapid disappearance of the ship,
01:16:20divers in small submarines
01:16:23managed to recover many artifacts from the wreck.
01:16:26If you wonder what these surprising objects look like,
01:16:29then follow me.
01:16:31A number of museums have collections of objects
01:16:34of the Titanic that have been recovered by divers
01:16:36or given by survivors and their loved ones.
01:16:39Some of these objects are even sold at auction,
01:16:42so if you are ready to spend a nice sum
01:16:44for a unique artifact, why not?
01:16:48The first artifact on my list
01:16:50is the pocket watch of John Chapman,
01:16:53a Titanic passenger on a honeymoon with his wife Elizabeth.
01:16:57When the wreck hit the iceberg,
01:16:59Elizabeth had a place in a rescue channel
01:17:02next to her friend, Emily Richard.
01:17:05But Mr. Chapman could not get on board.
01:17:07Faithful to his love, Elizabeth turned away from the boat
01:17:10saying goodbye.
01:17:12If John can't get on board, then neither can I.
01:17:15This is a striking demonstration of true love.
01:17:18Shortly after, the ship sank.
01:17:21The pocket watch of Chapman,
01:17:23carefully examined by the experts,
01:17:25reveals a heartbreaking detail.
01:17:28It stopped at the time of the wreck.
01:17:32Do you remember the iconic scene
01:17:34of the movie Titanic,
01:17:36where the orchestra of the ship
01:17:38continued to play while it sank?
01:17:40The violin, played by the real musician,
01:17:42was sold at auction for 1.7 million dollars in 2013.
01:17:46It is said that the orchestra played
01:17:48Nearer My God To Thee
01:17:50while the wreck sank.
01:17:52Since we mentioned the band,
01:17:54we could also shed light
01:17:56on a piece of music found on the ship.
01:17:58It was the song Put Your Arms Around Me Honey
01:18:01Since the paper deteriorates
01:18:03almost instantly in contact with water,
01:18:05it is a miracle to see these documents.
01:18:08The breakfast menu is also part
01:18:10of the preserved paper documents.
01:18:12Dressed in their beautiful outfits,
01:18:14first-class passengers
01:18:16savored their breakfast without knowing
01:18:18that it was the last one.
01:18:20This unique object was sold at auction
01:18:22for 122,000 dollars.
01:18:24Meals were unsuitable for the class, for example.
01:18:27We tasted roasted turkey,
01:18:29spring lamb or oven-baked ad hoc
01:18:31in first class.
01:18:33In comparison,
01:18:35a third-class breakfast
01:18:37consisted of rice soup,
01:18:39fresh bread, beef roast and brown sauce.
01:18:41There were also biscuits
01:18:43that the passengers ate
01:18:45to alleviate the seasickness.
01:18:47In addition to the menu,
01:18:49a VIP ticket was also recovered.
01:18:51The number of the ticket remains readable,
01:18:53342.
01:18:55In fifth place,
01:18:57Edwardian perfume samples.
01:18:59A chemist named Adolf Salfeld
01:19:01embarked on the Titanic
01:19:03with various samples
01:19:05of perfume bottles.
01:19:07Why did he have them with him?
01:19:09Well, Salfeld planned to open
01:19:11a perfumery in America.
01:19:1361 bottles of perfume
01:19:15flowed with the ship.
01:19:17Fortunately, their owner survived.
01:19:19But these samples flowed
01:19:21and were only recently rediscovered
01:19:23by divers.
01:19:25If you break a plate by accident,
01:19:27it usually breaks into pieces.
01:19:29But have you ever imagined
01:19:31recovering an intact plate from the Titanic?
01:19:33Well, it's possible.
01:19:35The original dishes of the White Star
01:19:37are proof of this.
01:19:39Apparently, each class of passengers
01:19:41had not only different meals,
01:19:43but also different plates.
01:19:45The plates found
01:19:47have a floral pattern,
01:19:49green and brown,
01:19:51a golden border and a logo in the center.
01:19:53In fact, they are sold at auction
01:19:55and are available online.
01:19:57Let's continue with
01:19:59moving personal stories.
01:20:01The romance of Rose and Jack
01:20:03in the film is fictitious,
01:20:05but the ship was certainly
01:20:07the witness to many romantic stories.
01:20:09Here is a love letter to prove it.
01:20:11The messages tell us about
01:20:13life on board during the last days.
01:20:15This letter, dated April 10,
01:20:17was written by Kate Buss.
01:20:19She mentions, among others,
01:20:21that she had seasickness
01:20:23or that she had to have dinner in half an hour.
01:20:25This letter was not the only one
01:20:27that the divers went back to the surface.
01:20:29For example, there is the letter
01:20:31that Esther Hart wrote to her little daughter,
01:20:33Eva.
01:20:35The letter was sold at auction
01:20:37for 119,000 euros.
01:20:39This is probably the last letter
01:20:41written on board,
01:20:43since it was written only
01:20:458 hours before the tragedy.
01:20:47She is not too damaged
01:20:49by Esther's husband.
01:20:51Another letter that can be mentioned
01:20:53is that of Dr. John Simpson.
01:20:55It was one of his last words to his mother.
01:20:57Let me introduce you to
01:20:59Edith Rosenbaum.
01:21:01She was on board with her pig
01:21:03carrier.
01:21:05Edith had been seriously injured
01:21:07in an accident before taking the boat.
01:21:09Her mother had given her this toy
01:21:11to support her during her pregnancy.
01:21:13In reality, it was a music box
01:21:15in the shape of a pig.
01:21:17Edith used it to soothe
01:21:19the frightened young people
01:21:21in her lifeboat.
01:21:23The next object
01:21:25is Liliane Winifred Bentham's whistle,
01:21:27a second-class passenger.
01:21:29During this terrible night,
01:21:31Liliane was in her cabin.
01:21:33She did not believe in the Titanic's
01:21:35shipwreck, after all,
01:21:37it was the unsinkable ship.
01:21:39Her friend finally persuaded her
01:21:41to get on a lifeboat.
01:21:43It was at this moment that she understood
01:21:45the gravity of the situation.
01:21:47Shortly after, she saw the ship
01:21:49break in two.
01:21:51As the lifeboat drifted in the night,
01:21:53Liliane noticed a crew member
01:21:55who had also been rescued.
01:21:57Without hesitation,
01:21:59she wrapped him in her fur coat.
01:22:01It was freezing cold.
01:22:03She probably saved
01:22:05this man's life with her gesture.
01:22:07As a sign of gratitude,
01:22:09the man offered her his whistle,
01:22:11which he had used all night to call for help.
01:22:13This pair of white cotton gloves
01:22:15is one of the rarest artifacts
01:22:17ever recovered from the Titanic.
01:22:19They belonged to a gentleman
01:22:21whose identity remains unknown.
01:22:23Generally, a fabric does not resist
01:22:25an immersion underwater for decades.
01:22:27But these gloves seem well preserved,
01:22:29with fine details and
01:22:31always visible elegance.
01:22:33We also found an alarm bell.
01:22:35Yes, it's the famous bell,
01:22:37the one we rang
01:22:39to warn the people of the iceberg.
01:22:41Frederic Fleet and Reginald Lee
01:22:43were on guard that night.
01:22:45Both survived.
01:22:47It was Fleet who noticed the iceberg
01:22:49before the ship hit it.
01:22:51What is ironic is that
01:22:53Fleet and Lee had no access to the binoculars.
01:22:55They were stored
01:22:57in a closet in the bow of Pi.
01:22:59However, the key to this closet
01:23:01was in the pocket of a crew member
01:23:03who had been reassigned
01:23:05at the last minute on another ship.
01:23:07If they had binoculars,
01:23:09they would have spotted the iceberg earlier
01:23:11and the Titanic could have
01:23:13surely avoided the collision.
01:23:15Divers find not only
01:23:17the personal effects of the passengers
01:23:19or the crew, but also
01:23:21elements belonging to the ship itself.
01:23:23The next artifact is the large staircase,
01:23:25some of which
01:23:27are recovered from the wreck.
01:23:29It has become a meeting place
01:23:31for first-class passengers.
01:23:33If they wanted to
01:23:35visit the Turkish baths for a
01:23:37spa or dinner, they found themselves
01:23:39on the staircase and went there together.
01:23:41This one bears witness
01:23:43to the luxury on board the Titanic.
01:23:47Another object miraculously
01:23:49preserved from the Titanic is its plan.
01:23:51One of the most expensive artifacts
01:23:53sold at auction
01:23:55and which is about 10 meters wide.
01:23:57What else?
01:23:59We also found the logometer,
01:24:01a device used to verify
01:24:03the ship's navigation speed
01:24:05and the distance traveled.
01:24:07Experts say that from the departure
01:24:09at noon on April 14,
01:24:11the device recorded 268
01:24:13nautical miles.
01:24:15And that's not all.
01:24:17We also found a huge piece of hull
01:24:19known as Big Piece
01:24:21and weighing 15 tons.
01:24:23The largest hulls
01:24:25were for the cabins
01:24:27and the smallest for the toilets.
01:24:29This piece was found
01:24:31in 1994.
01:24:33And it was in 1998
01:24:35that we managed to reassemble it.
01:24:37After all these years spent underwater,
01:24:39it was full of marine life.
01:24:41But surprisingly,
01:24:43the hulls were still green.
01:24:45Imagine that you are a diver
01:24:47and that you can only recover
01:24:49one of these objects.
01:24:51Which one would you choose?

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