Plus de 20 faits sur le Titanic qui distinguera les faits de la fiction

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Transcript

00:00:00Here is Arthur John Priest. No, he is not a famous painter, and he has not discovered a lost treasure for a long time.

00:00:07He did not invent sophisticated gadgets, nor beat a world record. No, Arthur John Priest is simply famous for being insubmersible.

00:00:16Proving that we can be both lucky and unlucky, Priest has participated and survived several sea adventures, including the fateful inaugural voyage of the Titanic.

00:00:28Priest was not a rich man sailing for pleasure. He was part of the working class, employed as a steward or driver, stuck for hours in the hot bowels of large steam ships.

00:00:40His work was painful and difficult. He was in charge of keeping the furnaces on by feeding them with coal so that the steam produced was enough for the engines to work.

00:00:50He had to be careful not to overheat the system or set the ship on fire. The furnaces had to be closely monitored and constantly fed.

00:00:59He breathed all his polluted air, working and struggling in sweat and dirt. Often bare-breasted because of the heat, he was always covered in black coal dust.

00:01:10And when he was finally allowed a break, his neighborhoods were very close, in the same part of the ship. He must have been gifted because he never had any trouble finding work.

00:01:22But wherever he went, bad luck seemed to follow him. The first incident was in Benin. When he was young, Priest worked for the RMS Asturias.

00:01:32The hot bow took to the sea for the first time in 1907 for a voyage linking Southampton, United Kingdom, to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

00:01:41During this inaugural voyage, the ship suffered a small collision. The damage was significant enough for it to return for repair. Fortunately, no serious injuries were reported.

00:01:53Priest, undisturbed, simply went to work on another ship. But his bad luck followed him aboard the Asturias.

00:02:00In 1914, the Asturias became a hospital ship, a naval aide caring for the care and transport of the sick in European waters and, if necessary, to their homeland in England.

00:02:12But in March 1917, around midnight, the ship was hit by a foreign body. Its hull was pierced and the engine room was flooded.

00:02:22The captain ordered everyone to abandon the ship, sending the crew, the patients and the medical personnel into the lifeboats.

00:02:30The ship was still moving, propelling itself into the water because the main controls, located in the submersible room, could not be extinguished.

00:02:39The captain refused to leave the ship while people were still trying to escape. He was able to steer the Asturias towards Bolt Head, where he finally reached the ground without sinking.

00:02:49The remaining lifeboats were lowered and the last survivors were able to secure themselves.

00:02:55When they later studied the damage suffered by the ship, the Asturias was considered a total wreck.

00:03:02It would be exaggerated to attribute the occurrence of this disaster to the passage of Priest on board. After all, he was not even on the ship at the time.

00:03:10But it would still seem that many of the boats on which he served had to face the disaster.

00:03:16His bad luck accompanied him to his next post on the Olympic RMS, a huge boat.

00:03:22The Olympic was really very large. Moreover, it had been designed and built within the same fleet as the Titanic.

00:03:29But this large size involved sacrifices. The Olympic was perfect for sailing straight in a given direction, but very difficult to handle when it came to turning.

00:03:39In September 1911, the Hawkeye, a smaller ship that was sailing nearby, did not leave enough room for the large ship to maneuver.

00:03:48The Olympic tried to modify its trajectory, but both hit each other.

00:03:52The Hawkeye, having been designed to face possible sea confrontations, strengthened its bow to tear the hull of the Olympic.

00:04:00Two large splinters appeared on the side of the bow. The propeller shaft was severely twisted.

00:04:06Worse still, the ship began to take water.

00:04:10One way or another, the Olympic managed to reach the coast without sinking, and no one was seriously injured.

00:04:17Priest had no idea that this was just a foretaste of what the future had in store for him.

00:04:23He then found a job on a brand new ship, an extraordinary tugboat, an unsinkable marvel that was said to be the largest ever built.

00:04:33Yes, he was going to work on the Titanic. And what a job!

00:04:38No less than 29 boilers to run, requiring 850 tons of coal per day to produce the amount of steam sufficient for its propulsion.

00:04:47Priest was one of the 150 workers who worked day and night in the bow of the ship to maintain the furnace, which cost him about $30 a month.

00:04:57But on April 14, 1912, he found himself projected from extreme heat to lightning cold.

00:05:04Around 11.35 p.m., the crew spotted an iceberg. The Titanic tried to avoid it, but the alarm was triggered too late.

00:05:12Five minutes later, the collision occurred.

00:05:16The iceberg tore the hull, and the interior compartments, designed to be waterproof, were seriously damaged.

00:05:23The cold Atlantic water invaded the ship, which began to sink.

00:05:28Signals of distress were sent, but the closest ship, the Carpathian, was more than three hours away from navigation.

00:05:35In the darkness of the night, stuck in the middle of nowhere, the crew and passengers began to panic.

00:05:42Those who could, rushed to the lifeboats. Others jumped into the icy waves.

00:05:47In total, only 706 people survived this terrible night.

00:05:52At the time of the collision, Priest was in the lower quarters of the ship.

00:05:57He was on break, relaxing after a hard day's work.

00:06:01And while the ship was sinking, he was doing the same for his chances of survival.

00:06:05He and his colleagues were in the part of the ship that was at the time the most dangerous.

00:06:11They had to make their way through a maze of corridors and bridges, some of which were flooded,

00:06:16in a crazy race to the upper bridges.

00:06:19Then, they had to face the icy water, dive and swim desperately to a safer place.

00:06:26The ocean was so cold that Priest suffered from frostbite before finally finding a way to reach one of the lifeboats.

00:06:33He was one of the 44 lifeboats that survived that night.

00:06:37After such an experience, most people would probably never set foot on a boat again.

00:06:42But Priest needed to work.

00:06:45His next job was also a chaotic experience.

00:06:48He was offered a job on the HMS Alcantara.

00:06:52The ship sank in 1916, and Priest was once again one of the few to survive,

00:06:58although seriously injured during the incident.

00:07:02But he continued to force his luck, and the next job must have seemed strangely familiar to him.

00:07:08He had to go aboard a ship built by the same engineers who had designed the Olympic and the Titanic,

00:07:14and this ship, called the Britannic, was the largest of the three.

00:07:18It was also considered a more advanced ship, equipped with new safety devices,

00:07:23installed following the sinking of the Titanic.

00:07:26For example, it had 48 open lifeboats, of which 46 were the largest ever designed for a lifeboat.

00:07:33Two of them were even motorized and equipped with special communication devices.

00:07:38Good news, the Britannic survived its first trip without incident.

00:07:43Already a performance that the Titanic could never achieve.

00:07:47However, on November 21, 1916, the Britannic was hit by a strong explosion.

00:07:53As it was sailing in the canal of Kea, in the Aegean Sea.

00:07:57The hull was damaged, and part of the compartments began to fill with water.

00:08:02Unlike the Titanic, the Britannic had been precisely prepared for such an emergency.

00:08:08It was equipped with five waterproof locks, which, while remaining intact,

00:08:12had to keep the ship afloat for a much longer period of time.

00:08:16But there was a problem.

00:08:18The docks of the lower decks had been negligibly left open.

00:08:22When the ship tilted, the docks allowed water to enter,

00:08:27flooding the Britannic and precipitating its descent into the bottom of the sea.

00:08:31This had effectively made the waterproof locks completely useless.

00:08:36The ship quickly sank, much faster, in fact, than the Titanic.

00:08:4135 lifeboats were successfully launched, saving most people on board.

00:08:46Of the 1,066 passengers and crew members, 1,036 survived.

00:08:52Priest, still in good shape, was of course one of them.

00:08:56And yet, he had not yet finished his life at sea.

00:09:00He took on a new job as a lifeguard on the Donegal.

00:09:04It was a small cruise ferry converted into a hospital boat.

00:09:08In April 1917, he was hit by an unidentified object,

00:09:12while fleeing a dangerous situation.

00:09:15Although he suffered a head injury, Priest was safe and sound.

00:09:20It took Priest two collisions and four shipwrecks

00:09:24before he was finally ready to retire.

00:09:27In fact, he would even have explained having stopped

00:09:30only because no one wanted to sail with him anymore.

00:09:34But can we really blame him?

00:09:36He lived the rest of his life on the mainland in Southampton, England,

00:09:40with his wife Annie and their three sons.

00:09:43But we will always remember Arthur John Priest as the insurmountable lifeguard.

00:09:49The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912,

00:09:53carrying with it all the passengers' belongings

00:09:56as well as the ship's equipment in the dark depths of the oceans.

00:10:01These objects patiently waited to be found until 1985.

00:10:06Despite the ship's rapid disappearance,

00:10:08divers in small submarines

00:10:11have managed to recover many artifacts from the wreck.

00:10:14If you're wondering what these surprising objects look like,

00:10:17then follow me.

00:10:19A number of museums have collections of objects from the Titanic

00:10:23that have been recovered by divers or given by survivors and their loved ones.

00:10:27Some of these objects are even sold at auction.

00:10:30So if you're ready to spend a nice sum for a unique artifact, why not?

00:10:35The first artifact on my list

00:10:38is the pocket watch of John Chapman,

00:10:41a Titanic passenger on a honeymoon with his wife Elizabeth.

00:10:45When the wreck hit the iceberg,

00:10:47Elizabeth had a seat in a lifeboat next to her friend, Emily Richard.

00:10:53But Mr. Chapman couldn't get on.

00:10:55Faithful to his love, Elizabeth turned away from the boat, saying,

00:10:59Goodbye. If John can't get on, then neither can I.

00:11:03This is a striking demonstration of true love.

00:11:06Shortly after, the ship sank.

00:11:09The pocket watch of Chapman, carefully examined by experts,

00:11:13reveals a heartbreaking detail.

00:11:15It stopped at the time of the wreck.

00:11:20Do you remember the iconic scene from the movie Titanic,

00:11:23where the ship's orchestra continued to play while it sank?

00:11:27The violin, played by the real musician,

00:11:30was sold at auction for $1.7 million in 2013.

00:11:35It is said that the orchestra played

00:11:39while the pocket watch sank.

00:11:41Since we mentioned the band,

00:11:43we could also shed light on a piece of music found on the ship.

00:11:47It was the song

00:11:50Since the paper deteriorates almost instantly in contact with water,

00:11:54it's a miracle to see these documents.

00:11:57The breakfast menu is also part of the preserved paper documents.

00:12:01Dressed in their beautiful outfits,

00:12:03first-class passengers enjoyed their breakfast without knowing it was the last one.

00:12:08This unique item was sold at auction for $122,000.

00:12:12Meals were adapted to the class, for example.

00:12:15We tasted roasted dean,

00:12:17spring lamb or oven-baked ad hoc in first class.

00:12:21In comparison, a third-class lunch was composed of rice soup,

00:12:26fresh bread, beef roast and brown sauce.

00:12:29There were also biscuits from the cabin that the passengers ate to alleviate seasickness.

00:12:34In addition to the menu, a VIP ticket was also recovered.

00:12:38The number of the ticket remains readable.

00:12:43In fifth place, we have samples of Edwardian perfume.

00:12:47A chemist named Adolf Salfeld embarked on the Titanic

00:12:52with various samples of perfume bottles.

00:12:55Why did he have them with him?

00:12:57Well, Salfeld planned to open a perfumery in America.

00:13:0161 bottles of perfume flowed with the ship.

00:13:04Fortunately, their owner survived.

00:13:07But these samples flowed and were only recently rediscovered by divers.

00:13:12When you drop a plate by accident, it usually breaks into pieces.

00:13:16But have you ever imagined recovering an intact plate from the Titanic?

00:13:20Well, it's possible.

00:13:22The original dishes of the White Star are proof of this.

00:13:25Apparently, each class of passengers had not only different meals,

00:13:30but also different plates.

00:13:33The recovered plates have a floral pattern, green and brown,

00:13:37a golden border and a logo in the center.

00:13:40In fact, they are sold at auction and are available online.

00:13:45Let's continue with moving personal stories.

00:13:49The romance of Rose and Jack in the film is fictitious,

00:13:52but the ship has certainly witnessed many romantic stories.

00:13:56Here is a love letter to prove it.

00:13:59The messages tell us about life on board during the last days.

00:14:03This letter, dated April 10, was written by Kate Buss.

00:14:07She mentions, among other things, that she had seasickness

00:14:10or that she had to have dinner in half an hour.

00:14:13This letter was not the only one that the divers went back to the surface.

00:14:17For example, there is the letter that Esther Hart wrote to her little daughter, Eva.

00:14:21The letter was sold at auction for 119,000 euros.

00:14:25This is probably the last letter written on board,

00:14:29since it was written only eight hours before the tragedy.

00:14:33She is not too hurt because she was in Esther's husband's coat pocket.

00:14:38Another letter that can be mentioned is that of Dr. John Simpson.

00:14:43It was one of his last words to his mother.

00:14:46Let me introduce you to Edith Rosenbaum.

00:14:49She was on board with her lucky pig.

00:14:52Edith had been seriously injured in an accident before taking the boat.

00:14:57Her mother had given her this toy to support her during her convalescence.

00:15:01In reality, it was a music box in the shape of a pig.

00:15:05Edith used it to appease the frightened young people in her lifeboat.

00:15:12The next object is Liliane Winifred Bentham's whistle,

00:15:15a second-class passenger.

00:15:17During this terrible night, Liliane was in her cabin.

00:15:21She did not believe in the Titanic's shipwreck.

00:15:23After all, it was the insubstantial ship.

00:15:26Her friend finally persuaded her to board a lifeboat.

00:15:30It was at this moment that she understood the gravity of the situation.

00:15:34Shortly after, she saw the ship break in two.

00:15:38As the lifeboat drifted into the night,

00:15:41Liliane noticed a crew member who had also been rescued.

00:15:45Without hesitation, she wrapped him in her fur coat.

00:15:49It was freezing cold.

00:15:51She probably saved this man's life with her gesture.

00:15:55As a sign of gratitude, the man offers her his whistle,

00:15:58which he had been using all night to call for help.

00:16:01This pair of white cotton gloves is one of the rarest artifacts recovered from the Titanic.

00:16:07They belonged to a gentleman, whose identity remains unknown.

00:16:11Generally, a fabric does not resist an immersion under water for decades.

00:16:15But these gloves seem to be well preserved,

00:16:17with fine details and an elegance that is always visible.

00:16:21We also found an alarm clock.

00:16:23Yes, it's the famous bell,

00:16:26the one we rang to warn the people of the iceberg.

00:16:29Frederic Fleet and Reginald Lee were high on their guard that night.

00:16:33Both survived.

00:16:35It was Fleet who noticed the iceberg before the ship hit it.

00:16:39What is ironic is that Fleet and Lee had no access to the binoculars.

00:16:44They were stored in a closet in the Nid de Pi.

00:16:47However, the key to this closet was in the pocket of a crew member

00:16:52who had been reassigned to another ship at the last minute.

00:16:56If they had binoculars, they would have spotted the iceberg earlier

00:17:00and the Titanic could surely have avoided the collision.

00:17:03Divers find not only the personal effects of the passengers or the crew,

00:17:08but also elements belonging to the ship itself.

00:17:11The next artefact is the large staircase,

00:17:13some of which have been recovered from the wreck.

00:17:17It has become a meeting place for first-class passengers.

00:17:22If they wanted to visit the Turkish baths for a spa day or dinner,

00:17:26they would find themselves on the staircase and go there together.

00:17:30This one is a luxury on board the Titanic.

00:17:35Another object miraculously preserved from the Titanic is its plan.

00:17:40One of the most expensive artefacts sold at auction,

00:17:43and which is about 10 meters wide.

00:17:46What else?

00:17:47We also found the logometer,

00:17:49a device used to check the ship's navigation speed and the distance traveled.

00:17:55Experts say that from the departure at noon on April 14,

00:17:59the device recorded 268 nautical miles.

00:18:02And that's not all.

00:18:04We also found a huge piece of hull,

00:18:06known as the Big Piece,

00:18:09and weighing 15 tons.

00:18:11The largest hulls were for the cabins,

00:18:14and the smallest for the toilets.

00:18:17This piece was found in 1994,

00:18:20but it was in 1998 that we managed to reassemble it.

00:18:24After all these years spent underwater,

00:18:26it was infested with marine life.

00:18:28But surprisingly, the hulls were still green.

00:18:31Imagine that you are a diver,

00:18:33and that you can only recover one of these objects.

00:18:36Which one would you choose?

00:18:40You know SOS, right?

00:18:42Three dots, three dots, and three other dots.

00:18:45It's a pretty easy signal to catch in Morse,

00:18:47which means Save Our Souls,

00:18:49or Save Our Ship.

00:18:51Save our ship.

00:18:53The crew of the legendary Titanic desperately tried to send this signal

00:18:56for two hours on the night of April 14, 1912.

00:19:00There were other ships not far from the place

00:19:02where the iceberg destroyed the powerful sea titan,

00:19:04but the call for help seemed to have disappeared

00:19:06before it could reach them.

00:19:08The SS Man Temple passenger ship

00:19:10did catch a signal and tried to respond,

00:19:13but the Titanic never received the answer.

00:19:16So what reduced the calls for help to the ship to silence?

00:19:19A triangle of unknown bermudas in the North Atlantic?

00:19:22Consider this.

00:19:24Witnesses say that the sky was illuminated

00:19:26by a brilliant aurora borealis during this cold, fateful night.

00:19:30Magnificent, yes, but that day,

00:19:32the aurora borealis may have sealed the fate of the Titanic for good.

00:19:36You see, the aurora borealis is formed thanks to geomagnetic storms.

00:19:40It seems complicated, but it is essentially

00:19:42the fluctuation of the Earth's magnetic sphere.

00:19:44And it is the sun itself that causes them.

00:19:47The magnetosphere is like a protective bubble

00:19:49that surrounds our planet.

00:19:51It prevents harmful solar rays, winds,

00:19:53and other cosmic dangers from reaching us.

00:19:55Without it, life on our planet would not be possible.

00:19:58The Earth would look more like Mars.

00:20:00We must also thank the compasses pointing north.

00:20:03Experts know that the Earth's magnetosphere

00:20:05affects navigation equipment, or disturbs them.

00:20:08Which brings us back to the Titanic.

00:20:10Recently, a researcher in meteorology, Mila Zinkova,

00:20:13proposed a theory according to which

00:20:15the solar eruptions that caused a geomagnetic storm

00:20:18could have played a major role in the premature disappearance of the Titanic.

00:20:22Solar eruptions occur on Earth all the time.

00:20:25Some people are particularly sensitive

00:20:27to the magnetic storms they cause.

00:20:29They can feel weakness, fatigue, headaches,

00:20:33and even mood swings.

00:20:36On normal days, the pressure is the same on both sides.

00:20:39The magnetosphere blocks all bad things,

00:20:41and we are all happy.

00:20:43But sometimes explosions occur in the sun.

00:20:45They can be massive, the size of the Earth.

00:20:48These eruptions project a wave of charged particles

00:20:51that collide with the magnetosphere at high speed.

00:20:54Our protective bubble then defends itself.

00:20:57It shrinks, deforms, and pushes these particles to the poles.

00:21:01This creates bright lights dancing in the sky.

00:21:04In the north, we know these lights as aurora borealis.

00:21:07In the south, aurora australis, or the lights of the south.

00:21:11When the magnetosphere pushes these solar and cosmic particles to the poles,

00:21:14they collide with molecules of different gases.

00:21:17That's why you have this range of colors.

00:21:19For example, oxygen can be green or red depending on the distance.

00:21:23And nitrogen is blue or purple.

00:21:26What several people, including the second officer of the rescue ship Cappartia,

00:21:30saw that night was exactly this phenomenon.

00:21:33The officer noted it in the log before receiving the distress call from the Titanic.

00:21:37But wait, I'm going a little too fast.

00:21:39Auroras are a visible sign of a geomagnetic storm.

00:21:43Now let's talk about navigation equipment.

00:21:46This applies to satellites and radio equipment.

00:21:49Let's remember that at the time of the Titanic, there was no iPhone.

00:21:52So the average citizen could not notice that his gadgets were out of order.

00:21:56But navigation and telegraph devices were actively used.

00:22:01Flashback to the Middle Ages,

00:22:03when sailors noticed that their compasses were detracting.

00:22:06The arrows then turned in all directions.

00:22:08And people at the time did not know why.

00:22:10It was only in the 18th century that French scientists discovered

00:22:13that a problem occurred at the same time as the appearance of black spots in the sun.

00:22:17Solar eruptions.

00:22:18The mystery was solved.

00:22:20But the Titanic had the most advanced and most famous radio equipment of the time.

00:22:25They tested it in detail to make sure it worked over distances of up to 3,200 km.

00:22:30The Titanic passed all tests.

00:22:32On April 10, 1912, the huge ship left Sossompton and set sail for New York.

00:22:38The next day, the crew began to receive the first reports on icebergs

00:22:42and drifting ice fields.

00:22:44They put dots on the map to mark the coordinates and breathed a sigh of relief.

00:22:49All the problematic points were located north of the itinerary planned for the Titanic.

00:22:52But after a few days, the warnings began to move more and more to the south,

00:22:56dangerously approaching the majestic ship.

00:22:59On April 14, 1912, Captain Edward Smith decided to change course to the south in order to bypass the ice.

00:23:05This turned out to be a huge mistake, penetrating directly into the magnetic storm.

00:23:10If the navigation equipment was out of order,

00:23:13if only by a small error of half a degree,

00:23:15the captain could have made a mistake by bringing the ship straight to an iceberg.

00:23:20Even worse, the radio operators ignored the warnings from other ships.

00:23:25This or they simply forgot to transmit them to the captain.

00:23:28As a contractor, hired by the radio company,

00:23:31they were more interested in the transmission of telegrams paid by the passengers of the luxurious boat.

00:23:36The radio transmitter was left out of service that evening,

00:23:38probably because of all this little private traffic.

00:23:42When it was finally reactivated,

00:23:44the operator Jack Phillips received another message from the California SS at 10.30 p.m.

00:23:49Their operator tried to warn Phillips of the coordinates of the drifting icebergs.

00:23:53But he didn't pay attention to them.

00:23:55He was nervous and in a hurry.

00:23:57Was the magnetic storm responsible for his fragile nerves and his bad mood?

00:24:01We can only speculate.

00:24:03But as you know, some people are more sensitive to this kind of thing.

00:24:07The weather was clear, the ocean was calm, the water was perfectly smooth.

00:24:11Despite all the warnings,

00:24:13the ship continued to sail at a maximum speed of more than 40 km per hour.

00:24:17An hour later, the Titanic collided with the infamous iceberg.

00:24:22On April 15, at midnight, in the middle of the night,

00:24:26Titanic operators began to transmit the first emergency signals.

00:24:31The California SS was sailing only 32 km from the Titanic.

00:24:34He could have easily come to his rescue.

00:24:37But 10 minutes before the disaster,

00:24:39the California operator had gone to bed.

00:24:42He was the only one on the ship to understand the Morse code.

00:24:45According to this new theory,

00:24:47the magnetic anomalies may have blocked the Titanic's messages to other ships.

00:24:51For example, the steam ship SS La Provence received no signal from the ship in distress.

00:24:56However, it was still receiving transmissions from another giant, the Olympic,

00:25:00which was 800 km from the Titanic.

00:25:03That night, the signals were strange.

00:25:06They simply got lost somewhere in space,

00:25:09or they were like a complex enigma, impossible to solve.

00:25:12The SS Mount Temple received a message and rushed to the Titanic's rescue.

00:25:17But fate wanted the rescue ship to be stuck in the ice.

00:25:21It arrived at the last known coordinates of the Titanic,

00:25:23but the luxurious deck was not visible.

00:25:26Were the coordinates correct?

00:25:28The steam ship Carpathia was about 100 km away.

00:25:31At 12.30 a.m., their radio operator told the Titanic's crew that he was hurrying to help him.

00:25:37The Carpathia, the ship famous for coming to its rescue, was sailing at full speed.

00:25:41But here's the strangest part.

00:25:43At first, they got the wrong place.

00:25:45The magnetic storm could have disrupted the equipment.

00:25:47The good news is that the ship ended up in the right place

00:25:50when they saw the lifeboats full of passengers.

00:25:53It is interesting to note that once back at the port,

00:25:55no problem was detected with the Carpathia's equipment.

00:25:58The breakdown happened just around the wreck site.

00:26:01The investigation that followed accused radio amateurs of blocking the signals.

00:26:06Today, we may have another lead.

00:26:09Zinkova explains that at the time, he did not know exactly how and to what extent the sun influenced the Earth.

00:26:15No one could have guessed that the sun could alter the navigation equipment of these huge ships,

00:26:20especially the one that had the most ultra neck of its time.

00:26:24There is another theory that the moon could have played a role.

00:26:28Some researchers say that in January 1912,

00:26:31our natural satellite was closer to Earth than normal.

00:26:34It caused very strong tides and raised the sea level.

00:26:38Every year, icebergs come off Greenland and stop around Newfoundland.

00:26:42But not this year.

00:26:44The increase in water flow pushed them further for three months.

00:26:47And in April, they found themselves right on the way of the transatlantic ships.

00:26:52Unfortunately, it was a set of disastrous circumstances for the Titanic.

00:26:58An electric beam pierces the darkness above the calm waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

00:27:06The Titanic would quietly make its way through the waves, its passengers asleep,

00:27:11when suddenly, a monstrous white shape detaches from the luminous beam.

00:27:17The fateful iceberg is about to tear off the legendary ship's flank.

00:27:25It is April 14, 1912,

00:27:28just two days before someone takes a picture of a gigantic, elliptical-shaped iceberg.

00:27:35It turns out that this iceberg probably formed from snow that fell more than 100,000 years ago.

00:27:41Researchers used computer simulations to determine its origin.

00:27:46They entered data from 1912 and added some information about winds and ocean currents.

00:27:52What they concluded was that the iceberg was probably part of a small group of glaciers in the southwest of Greenland.

00:28:01Nowadays, it is possible to calculate the itineraries of these icebergs for each past year.

00:28:06Thus, the sadly famous piece of ice was on its way from Greenland to a region further south of Cornwall.

00:28:13If the ship had passed through this region only two days later,

00:28:17the iceberg would obviously have moved away from the point where it met.

00:28:22At first, the weight of the world's most famous iceberg was 75 million tonnes.

00:28:28Over time, it began to melt slowly,

00:28:31and when it sank, its weight was only 1.5 million tonnes.

00:28:36At the time of the collision, it had probably started to melt months ago.

00:28:41But it was still a real colossus.

00:28:43When the Titanic sank, the iceberg was 120 metres long,

00:28:47and it emerged from the water at a height of more than 30 metres.

00:28:53Some people think that it was a supermoon that caused the Titanic to sink.

00:28:57That night, a rare lunar event occurred, which had not happened for 1,400 years.

00:29:03Under normal conditions, such an iceberg could not have ventured so far south without melting

00:29:09and losing most of its mass.

00:29:12But this supermoon could have been the result of an unusually high tide,

00:29:16which moved the iceberg away from the glacier much faster than usual.

00:29:21There is a specific type of bacteria that slowly consumes the remains of the Titanic.

00:29:26Saline corrosion, ocean currents, glacial temperatures,

00:29:30and finally, this microorganism, which eats rust, could eventually consume the entire surface.

00:29:37American actress Dorothy Gibson was on board the Titanic.

00:29:41She survived, and when she arrived in New York,

00:29:44she almost immediately started shooting a film called Rescued from the Titanic.

00:29:49This film was released only a month after the sinking of the iceberg,

00:29:53and Gibson was forced to wear the same shoes and the same clothes she had during the disaster.

00:29:59The film was a great success at the time,

00:30:02but the only known copy of it ended up being destroyed in a fire.

00:30:07A new one, called Futility, was published 14 years before the sinking of the Titanic,

00:30:13and it seems to have predicted the whole incident.

00:30:16The plot was centered on a fictional ship,

00:30:19predestined by the name of Titan, which sank during its crossing.

00:30:23The Titan was almost the same size as the Titanic, and both sank in April.

00:30:28And the reason was, for both of them, that they had hit an iceberg.

00:30:33The two ships, real and fictional, were described as unsinkable,

00:30:38and yet both had the number of lifeboats legally required,

00:30:42which, as it turned out later, was far from enough.

00:30:46We saw it well in the film, but real love stories also took place on the Titanic.

00:30:52Thirteen couples even crossed it as part of their honeymoon.

00:30:57One of these couples even owned the big shop Macy's in New York.

00:31:02When it became obvious that the Titanic was sinking rapidly,

00:31:05the wife refused to board a lifeboat without her husband.

00:31:09But he didn't want to join her until there were still women and children

00:31:13who, according to him, should have left first.

00:31:16His wife then gave up her coat to her servants,

00:31:18and she insisted that she take her place in the lifeboat.

00:31:22The lady, on the other hand, decided to stay with her husband until the end.

00:31:28Some people think that the Titanic sank because of a mummy and not an iceberg.

00:31:33It all started around 1000 B.C. with a mysterious woman

00:31:37who lived in Egypt, in the city of Thebes.

00:31:40We knew little about her, but we deduced that she was a priestess.

00:31:45Her mummy had been placed in a wooden sarcophagus,

00:31:48and covered with a heavy lid decorated with her face and some mystical inscriptions.

00:31:53The location of her tomb remained a secret until the first half of the 19th century,

00:31:58when a group of inhabitants stumbled upon it by chance,

00:32:01putting an end to millennia of tranquility.

00:32:04No one knows how, but the mummy disappeared that day without a trace.

00:32:09A few decades later, a group of rich English friends who had gone to Egypt

00:32:14found the famous sarcophagus of this mummy,

00:32:17whose dark eyes seemed to contemplate eternity.

00:32:20They decided to buy it, but the buyer disappeared the very night before they could conclude the case.

00:32:26All the members of the group have had accidents on their side.

00:32:29The sarcophagus was passed from hand to hand several times,

00:32:32until it ended, as some think, on the Titanic.

00:32:38It took more than 70 years for a submarine robot to find the ruins of this legendary ship.

00:32:44The wreck, located at nearly 4000 meters below the surface of the Atlantic Ocean,

00:32:49sank in two halves.

00:32:51Why did the wreck break?

00:32:53No one knows exactly.

00:32:55Some think it happened because of the water that infiltrated inside

00:32:59when the ship collided with the iceberg.

00:33:03The pressure was so strong that it would have split the Titanic in two,

00:33:07starting with the lower structure of the ship.

00:33:10Others claim that it is the ribs of the hull that are responsible.

00:33:14They had a strong concentration of metallic scurry, the fusion residue.

00:33:19And this is something that can weaken the metal.

00:33:22The ship had many flaws in general, starting with its design.

00:33:27The watertight clasps were not completely sealed on the top.

00:33:31This allowed the water to circulate between the compartments,

00:33:34and in the end, to sink the ship as a whole.

00:33:37The iron of the ribs and the steel of the hull were tested

00:33:41because of their strong sulfur content, icy temperatures and high speeds.

00:33:46The steel broke and the ribs detached quite easily.

00:33:50Because of this, the Titanic sank 24 times faster than it would have done otherwise.

00:33:56And if the ship had hit the iceberg with full force instead of hitting it with flanks,

00:34:01it would probably have stayed afloat.

00:34:03How come the crew members didn't have binoculars?

00:34:07They would have surely helped to locate the iceberg in time and perhaps even to avoid the disaster.

00:34:12But the Titanic's optical instruments were locked in a storage compartment.

00:34:17Only one crew member had the key, and he had been transferred from the ship just before his departure.

00:34:23He later admitted that he had not thought of returning this key.

00:34:26But even without binoculars, the ship could have had time to change capes

00:34:30and avoid collision if the crew had been warned in time.

00:34:34And that's the problem.

00:34:36Someone had indeed warned them.

00:34:38About an hour before the incident, a ship that was relatively close to the Titanic,

00:34:43the SS Californian, sent a message to inform them that it had stopped because of a dense ice field.

00:34:50But the warning never reached the captain of the Titanic.

00:34:54Some experts think it's because the radio operator simply didn't realize the emergency.

00:35:00And later, the SS Californian stated that it had not received a call for help from the Titanic on its return

00:35:06because their operators were not in service.

00:35:09Some believe that the Titanic's crew could not have spotted the iceberg in time because of an optical illusion.

00:35:15The atmospheric conditions of that night would have caused a super refraction,

00:35:20which could have camouflaged the iceberg.

00:35:22After all, no one really saw the iceberg until it was too close to the ship to avoid collision.

00:35:29It didn't even take a full minute between the moment they saw the iceberg and the crash itself.

00:35:3637 seconds to be precise.

00:35:38And it took the Titanic 2 hours and 40 minutes to disappear under the ocean.

00:35:45It's April 12, 2212.

00:35:48It's an important date for humanity.

00:35:50The 300th anniversary of the launch of the legendary Titanic.

00:35:55The best engineers in the world collaborated for years to present their masterpiece to the public, the Space Titanic.

00:36:02And they did it just in time.

00:36:04The glorious spaceship waits in its port under the fire of the ramp, photographed by thousands of people.

00:36:11The trip was scheduled for April 12, just like 300 years ago.

00:36:15Finally, the big day has arrived.

00:36:18Passengers will board the most magnificent spaceship of the time.

00:36:22It qualifies it as impenetrable.

00:36:25It has 12 decks, starting from the third class, the closest to the bottom,

00:36:29to the first class, the most luxurious, at the top, with a panoramic view of space.

00:36:34The ship is preparing for launch.

00:36:36The engines start, the countdown has begun.

00:36:40And the Space Titanic takes off into the sky.

00:36:43It quickly becomes a simple task in the sky and then disappears.

00:36:48The first day of flight goes perfectly.

00:36:50The ship leaves the Earth's atmosphere in less than an hour,

00:36:53and passengers enjoy the magnificent view from the outside.

00:36:56This beautiful blue and green planet on the empty and black background of space.

00:37:01The ship slows down a bit when it arrives in orbit.

00:37:04There are too many satellites and space debris revolving around the Earth.

00:37:08The Space Titanic must be careful to maneuver around the pieces of metal floating at zero g.

00:37:14One of them heads straight for the ship.

00:37:17But it turns on the side burners and moves away just in time.

00:37:21The piece of metal passes without a hitch.

00:37:24Finally, the ship exits the danger zone and finds itself in the great black.

00:37:29It turns on the retro-propellers to accelerate and heads for the bright side of the Moon.

00:37:34This will be the first destination of the excursion.

00:37:38The planet gradually becomes smaller and, little by little, halfway through the natural satellite,

00:37:43people on board can marvel at the impregnable view of the Sun.

00:37:48The huge combustion plasma ball is bigger and brighter than ever in this cosmic darkness.

00:37:55Suddenly, the captain of the ship makes an announcement.

00:37:58All passengers are invited to go to the promenade bridges to watch the deployment of the solar panels.

00:38:04People go out to enjoy the view.

00:38:07The silver and black panels slowly come out of their containment vents,

00:38:11and the Space Titanic finally takes its true form.

00:38:15As the energy of the Sun begins to flow into the ship, the propellers rotate to a minimum.

00:38:20The space ship is now in energy collection mode.

00:38:24For the trip to Mars to last only a few days, it must make a kind of jump to its destination.

00:38:30Five hours later, a second announcement is heard on board.

00:38:34The ship approaches the Moon, and passengers are invited to observe the satellite up close.

00:38:39The Space Titanic passes several thousand kilometers, and the Moon seems huge.

00:38:45All the craters of the satellite, even the smallest ones, are visible to the naked eye.

00:38:49The view is exceptional.

00:38:51The Moon remains behind, and the lights of the ship go out.

00:38:55There is no natural change of day and night in space,

00:38:58so the crew watches the time and imitates this change.

00:39:02The next day promises nothing really interesting,

00:39:05because there will be a long road between the Moon and Mars.

00:39:08Passengers go to their cabins to sleep.

00:39:11The next two days go by without incident.

00:39:14On the bridges, many amusements are available for customers,

00:39:18sports rooms and pools, playrooms and dances.

00:39:22Travelers walk on the bridges to enjoy the serene view of space.

00:39:26Everything goes normally.

00:39:28On the fourth day, the captain finally announces that the Space Titanic

00:39:32is preparing for the big jump to their destination in 30 minutes.

00:39:36The moment has come.

00:39:37Passengers feel only a slight traction,

00:39:40while the huge ship makes a jump in space-time and arrives in the vicinity of Mars.

00:39:45Many passengers go out to look at the red planet,

00:39:48which is already visible in the dark abysses.

00:39:51The visit enters its final phase,

00:39:53but landing is only planned late at night.

00:39:56At 11 p.m., while most of the passengers are already in their beds,

00:40:00the Space Titanic begins its final manoeuvres.

00:40:03It must go around Mars,

00:40:05because the port is on the other side of the planet.

00:40:08Some of the guests cannot sleep

00:40:10and stay on the bridge to watch the red ground

00:40:13slowly pass several thousand kilometers below them.

00:40:17The flight comes to an end.

00:40:19There are only a few hours left before landing.

00:40:22The ship is in orbit on the other side of Mars.

00:40:24Everything is calm.

00:40:25Too calm.

00:40:27Suddenly, a huge boom shakes the entire Space Titanic

00:40:31and propels the people asleep out of their beds.

00:40:34The emergency lights that flash turn on.

00:40:37Everyone is worried, but no announcement comes from the captain.

00:40:40And only those who were on the bridge in Tribor notice the horrible detail.

00:40:45The right-hand wing has been torn off and passes in front of them while flying towards the stern.

00:40:50By pressing their faces against the glass

00:40:52and making an effort to see the hull,

00:40:54they discover a huge notch near the ship's nose.

00:40:58The Space Titanic shakes again

00:41:00and pieces of metal escape from the bulging hole.

00:41:03The ship quickly loses its pressurization.

00:41:06During this time, the broken wing has hit the stern

00:41:09and left another notch.

00:41:11The mechanisms in the engine compartment begin to collapse

00:41:14and are dragged into space.

00:41:17The ship shakes and stops,

00:41:19suspended thousands of kilometers above Mars.

00:41:23Finally, the captain announces by the intercom

00:41:25that the Space Titanic has collided with an asteroid

00:41:28hovering in space.

00:41:30All passengers are asked to return to their respective decks to be evacuated.

00:41:34In less than an hour, all the rescue capsules are occupied

00:41:37and ready to be deployed.

00:41:39But about a third of the passengers are still on board.

00:41:43It turns out that many capsules exploded during the collision.

00:41:47The story seems to be repeated.

00:41:50The captain still gives the order to deploy the capsules

00:41:53and they leave their storage space,

00:41:55leaving hundreds of people behind.

00:41:58Some people left without members of their families,

00:42:01not knowing what awaits them.

00:42:03The capsules float in space for a few seconds

00:42:06then turn on their propellers to head for the surface of Mars.

00:42:11But here is another order from the captain.

00:42:13Everyone must go down to their cabin

00:42:15and put the pressurized suit under the bed.

00:42:18While the passengers are in a hurry to warm up,

00:42:20the Space Titanic sends distress signals to Mars

00:42:23and to all those who are nearby.

00:42:26160,000 kilometers away,

00:42:28a large commercial ship, the Leonia,

00:42:30picks up the signal and rushes to help it.

00:42:34The squeaking and rumbling on board the Space Titanic

00:42:37becomes more and more frenetic.

00:42:39People are sitting in silence in their cabins.

00:42:41Silence reigns on board,

00:42:43except for the sounds of the ship, which disintegrates slowly.

00:42:47And then suddenly, a very loud crack

00:42:50resonates throughout the Space Titanic

00:42:52and the ship breaks in two.

00:42:54A gigantic fracture is made from top to bottom

00:42:57and cuts almost completely half of the deck.

00:43:00The pressurized glass that covers the decks

00:43:02breaks into millions of pieces

00:43:04that slowly fly away from the ship.

00:43:06Once the decks are depressurized,

00:43:08people and objects are taken into space.

00:43:11Fortunately, all the passengers and crew

00:43:13wear their suits as planned.

00:43:15But they only have about an hour

00:43:17before they run out of oxygen.

00:43:19People help each other by floating together

00:43:22and bringing isolated people back into their groups.

00:43:24They can barely control the way they float,

00:43:27but they still manage to put a little order

00:43:29in all this chaos.

00:43:31Gathered in the dark space,

00:43:33above the sinister red planet,

00:43:35they watch the Space Titanic

00:43:37turn into a mass of space debris.

00:43:4045 minutes have passed.

00:43:42Oxygen is running low

00:43:44and people are trying to breathe

00:43:46as slowly and carefully as possible.

00:43:48There is still no help in sight

00:43:50and they are preparing for the worst.

00:43:52But then, one of them starts to make signs

00:43:55and point at something.

00:43:57It's a bright spot.

00:43:58It barely differs from the stars in the distant space,

00:44:01but it gets closer every second.

00:44:03And after 5 minutes,

00:44:05the relieved people see a spaceship

00:44:07heading towards them.

00:44:09The Leonia has arrived just in time

00:44:11to save the situation.

00:44:13Quickly, but without rushing,

00:44:15the Leonia crew gathers all those

00:44:17who are floating in space

00:44:19around the remains of the Space Titanic

00:44:21and embark them on board their ship.

00:44:23The last of the survivors

00:44:25had only 3 minutes of oxygen left.

00:44:27A few hours later,

00:44:29the Leonia lands safely

00:44:31on Mars' main spaceport.

00:44:33That day, the newspapers

00:44:35talked about the accident

00:44:37as the day the Titanic sank again.

00:44:43The Kraken is a colossal squid,

00:44:45a legendary sea monster.

00:44:47The biggest piece of squid

00:44:49you have ever seen.

00:44:51And if this monster really existed,

00:44:53the world would have changed

00:44:55to the point of being unrecognizable.

00:44:57Yes, the Kraken has powerful tentacles,

00:44:59strong muscles with suction cups at the end,

00:45:01so it would be impossible

00:45:03to escape its grip.

00:45:05It can break a ship in two

00:45:07or simply pull it into the depths.

00:45:09But worst of all,

00:45:11it's its size.

00:45:13According to old marine stories,

00:45:15the Kraken reached a length

00:45:17of 1,500 meters.

00:45:19That's almost 10 football fields.

00:45:21Hey, maybe the Kraken

00:45:23could play football?

00:45:25Legend has it that the monster

00:45:27was so huge that the sailors

00:45:29took it for a small island.

00:45:31At no time in the past centuries

00:45:33would it have been possible

00:45:35to defeat such a beast.

00:45:37If the Kraken had actually existed,

00:45:39it could have had small ones.

00:45:41Yes, in all the oceans of the world,

00:45:43there would have been other giant monsters

00:45:45capable of sinking any ship.

00:45:47It is unlikely that the Kraken

00:45:49would have had competitors in its habitat,

00:45:51so its population would have increased

00:45:53strongly.

00:45:55In battle, it would have needed

00:45:57a lot of food, so the population

00:45:59of other large marine animals

00:46:01would have considerably decreased.

00:46:03Blue whales, great white sharks,

00:46:05other giant calamari,

00:46:07all the great marine creatures

00:46:09would have been in danger.

00:46:11Because of this decrease

00:46:13of large fish in the ocean,

00:46:15many people would be dying of hunger.

00:46:17Urban economies, which depend on fishing,

00:46:19would also be declining.

00:46:21The prices of small fish in the world

00:46:23would have become dangerous.

00:46:25To defeat the Kraken,

00:46:27powerful weapons would be needed,

00:46:29but the monster would still be

00:46:31really difficult to catch.

00:46:33The Kraken belongs to the genus

00:46:35of cephalopods.

00:46:37This species includes calamari and octopus,

00:46:39some of the most intelligent creatures

00:46:41on the planet.

00:46:43This is why the Kraken is a skilled hunter

00:46:45who would never fight unnoticed.

00:46:47So what can you do?

00:46:49You can't follow it because it lives

00:46:51on the surface of the water.

00:46:53However, you can guess

00:46:55that the monster is somewhere nearby

00:46:57if a lot of fish go up to the surface.

00:46:59Indeed, when the Kraken swims,

00:47:01it frightens all the fish around it.

00:47:03But maybe it's already too late.

00:47:05A huge tentacle the size of a large tower

00:47:07emerges from the water.

00:47:09This kind of massive tower falls

00:47:11on the ship's deck and makes it fly in a flash.

00:47:13The sailors scream and run in all directions.

00:47:15The Kraken gives a second shot

00:47:17and the ship is already almost sunk.

00:47:19The Kraken rolls its giant tentacles

00:47:21around the ship and shoots it down.

00:47:23Oh la la!

00:47:25But what if the sailors managed to

00:47:27clear the ship of the monster's tentacles?

00:47:29Yes, the crew of the ship

00:47:31resists with powerful weapons.

00:47:33The Kraken disappears under the water.

00:47:35It is injured and angry.

00:47:37We could say that the battle is over,

00:47:39but no, the worst is yet to come.

00:47:41A whirlpool forms next to the ship.

00:47:43Thanks to its enormous weight,

00:47:45when the monster dives,

00:47:47a whirlpool appears behind it.

00:47:49It works like a drain in a giant bathtub

00:47:51and this whirlpool sucks the ship down.

00:47:53The battle with the Kraken

00:47:55is still lost.

00:47:57It's really not a chance.

00:47:59You could perhaps defeat the monster

00:48:01if you managed to anticipate its attack.

00:48:03But the Kraken can see you,

00:48:05you and your ship,

00:48:07before you can guess anything.

00:48:09The colossal squid live in deep waters

00:48:11and they have the largest eyes of the animal kingdom.

00:48:13The squid's eye is indeed

00:48:15the size of a plate.

00:48:17Thanks to this, they can see their prey from far away.

00:48:19In addition, a Kraken would spot the ship

00:48:21much earlier than a sonar could do.

00:48:23It would still have its eye on you.

00:48:25Well, what bad news!

00:48:27In the whole world,

00:48:29shipping by boat

00:48:31would be declining.

00:48:33Air companies would ensure the only safe

00:48:35connection between continents

00:48:37and this would increase air pollution.

00:48:39The most effective enemy of the Kraken

00:48:41would be the submarine.

00:48:43Submarines can travel at great depths

00:48:45and are equipped with powerful echoloculators.

00:48:47This would allow them to detect

00:48:49the Kraken in advance.

00:48:51Submarines are also well armed

00:48:53and their round and metallic body

00:48:55is not so easy to destroy.

00:48:57OK, a single Kraken could be defeated

00:48:59by a submarine, but what would it be

00:49:01if several marine monsters were in the same place?

00:49:03Three Kraken could wrap

00:49:05their powerful tentacles around the submarine

00:49:07and drag it into the depths

00:49:09where the pressure would destroy their enemy.

00:49:11In other words,

00:49:13they would make you crack.

00:49:17The existence of the Kraken

00:49:19would have considerably changed

00:49:21the development of many countries.

00:49:23And what if Christophe Colomb,

00:49:25during his famous voyage,

00:49:27had seen an island he would have taken

00:49:29for the New World?

00:49:31He approaches it, but suddenly,

00:49:33tentacles come out of the island

00:49:35and sink Christophe Colomb's ship.

00:49:37The colonization of North America

00:49:39and the first flight with crew

00:49:41will take place only in the 20th century.

00:49:43There would be no Hollywood,

00:49:45no famous hamburgers or American music.

00:49:47Not even YouTube,

00:49:49which means that you would not watch

00:49:51this video right now.

00:49:53The worst is that the Internet

00:49:55would not exist either,

00:49:57and all this because of

00:49:59a stupid monstrous squid.

00:50:01The Vikings would not have sailed

00:50:03on their Drakkar to make raids

00:50:05and colonize foreign territories.

00:50:07The Titanic would have completely changed.

00:50:09Maybe the Titanic would not have hit

00:50:11an iceberg, but rather a giant

00:50:13sea monster instead.

00:50:15That said, it is unlikely that people

00:50:17would have made trips on huge boats

00:50:19in a world populated by a dangerous Kraken.

00:50:21But let me think,

00:50:23what if the Kraken was not as aggressive

00:50:25as we think?

00:50:27He would still need a lot of food,

00:50:29and because of the growing population

00:50:31of these monsters, there would be

00:50:33fewer and fewer of them in the ocean.

00:50:35The Kraken would then migrate

00:50:37closer to the shores.

00:50:39In many countries,

00:50:41people would not have the right

00:50:43to swim in the ocean.

00:50:45Imagine that you are floating

00:50:47in the water, and a monster

00:50:49the size of a skyscraper

00:50:51is swimming just below you.

00:50:53Going to the sea and to a beach

00:50:55would no longer be in the order of the day.

00:50:57Many countries that live

00:50:59from tourism would become poor.

00:51:01The more hungry the Kraken would be,

00:51:03the more it would attack small port cities,

00:51:05houses, quays, streets.

00:51:07Everything could be crushed.

00:51:09A huge amount of plastic

00:51:11would be spilled into the oceans

00:51:13near the coasts of large countries.

00:51:15These billions of tons of plastic

00:51:17would disturb the Kraken.

00:51:19A monster angry and hungry

00:51:21could attack bridges like the Golden Gate.

00:51:23Imagine that a huge squid

00:51:25surrounds the bridge

00:51:27and blocks all traffic.

00:51:29Some of these squids could break

00:51:31in the water.

00:51:33We can all conclude that it is a good thing

00:51:35that the Kraken does not really exist

00:51:37in our seas and oceans.

00:51:39At least, as far as we know.

00:51:41But could the monster really have existed?

00:51:43Legends go back a long time,

00:51:45but scientific evidence

00:51:47only appeared in the middle of the 19th century.

00:51:49In 1857, a squid beak

00:51:518 cm in diameter was discovered

00:51:53on the coast of Denmark.

00:51:55Other remains of giant squids

00:51:57were discovered in the Bahamas,

00:51:59as well as in the Philippines.

00:52:01Although giant squids

00:52:03were officially discovered since then,

00:52:05it has been more than 100 years.

00:52:07And we still do not know

00:52:09what is the maximum size they can reach.

00:52:11The fact is that squids

00:52:13are very difficult creatures to reach.

00:52:15They live in the depths of the ocean,

00:52:17where scientists have a hard time getting.

00:52:19To dive to such a great depth

00:52:21requires powerful and bulky equipment.

00:52:23Bathyscaphes and underwater cameras

00:52:25make a lot of noise and light.

00:52:27What the squids notice from afar.

00:52:29They run away before we can see them.

00:52:31The legend of the Kraken probably appeared

00:52:33because of a real colossal squid.

00:52:35In the past, people did not know

00:52:37the existence of these creatures.

00:52:39So when they saw one for the first time,

00:52:41they described it as a huge and terrible monster.

00:52:43It is difficult to say if these huge beasts

00:52:45really had the size of a small island.

00:52:47Because the truth is that we have studied

00:52:49only about 5% of the ocean.

00:52:51It is therefore possible that in the depths,

00:52:53much more terrifying monsters than the Kraken

00:52:55really exist.

00:52:57Like my nephew Peter.

00:52:59You sit on the bed,

00:53:01you put your feet on the floor

00:53:03and you immediately feel the cold water.

00:53:05You quickly get out of the cabin

00:53:07and you find yourself in a long corridor.

00:53:09There is water up to your knees.

00:53:11People put life jackets on and run to the stairs.

00:53:13You run after them and you find yourself

00:53:15in the middle of the chaos.

00:53:17There is water everywhere.

00:53:19A woman slips down the stairs and falls.

00:53:21You help her get up.

00:53:23Everyone tries to get up the stairs.

00:53:25There is even more water behind you.

00:53:27The cabin you have just left

00:53:29is completely flooded.

00:53:31A few more seconds and the water level

00:53:33will rise above your head.

00:53:35Fortunately, everyone manages to get out.

00:53:37The upper deck breaks.

00:53:39The huge ship is tilted to the side.

00:53:41The noise of the wood breaking,

00:53:43the squeaking of the iron

00:53:45and the cries of people

00:53:47mix with the music of the violins of the musicians.

00:53:49You head for the lifeboats

00:53:51to dig a mountain.

00:53:53There are no lifeboats available,

00:53:55but you find a life jacket.

00:53:57All the bow of the ship has sunk under the water.

00:53:59You are on the edge of the pool

00:54:01and you decide to jump.

00:54:03You wait for the ship to sink deeper into the water

00:54:05so that the distance between you

00:54:07and the surface of the ocean is reduced.

00:54:09You finally jump

00:54:11and you find yourself in icy water.

00:54:13It is less than 2 degrees Celsius.

00:54:15Not enough to freeze the ocean,

00:54:17but enough to turn a puddle of water

00:54:19into ice.

00:54:21You look at one of the most majestic

00:54:23and infamous ships in history

00:54:25sink.

00:54:27An hour and a half later,

00:54:29another lifeboat will arrive

00:54:31and save all the survivors.

00:54:33But before that,

00:54:35you have to manage this situation

00:54:37in one way or another.

00:54:3990 minutes to survive the night

00:54:41in the icy waters of the Atlantic Ocean

00:54:43among the chaos,

00:54:45screams and despair.

00:54:47Historically, this could have happened.

00:54:49First scenario.

00:54:51The sound of the crash and the vibrations in the water

00:54:53could attract the big white sharks.

00:54:55They swim in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean

00:54:57where the disaster occurred.

00:54:59They are among the most dangerous predators

00:55:01on the planet.

00:55:03They are big, fast, strong

00:55:05and their 300 sharp teeth,

00:55:07sharp as razor blades,

00:55:09are aligned on several rows.

00:55:11And now you see some triangular fins

00:55:13coming out of the water.

00:55:15You catch a piece of floating wood

00:55:17left by the boat to climb it.

00:55:19The cold slows your movements and your hands slip.

00:55:21These noises attract the sharks.

00:55:23One of the predators is now heading straight for you.

00:55:25Fear makes your brain watchful

00:55:27and your instincts start working.

00:55:29You do your best to swim far from the shark

00:55:31as fast as possible.

00:55:33Of course, it is useless to escape a shark

00:55:35fast in the water, but you try anyway.

00:55:37Two seconds pass and you feel your heel

00:55:39hit the shark's nose.

00:55:41The other foot enters its mouth.

00:55:43The shark has sharp teeth on your leg.

00:55:45You close your eyes, but nothing happens.

00:55:47After a second, the shark lets you go.

00:55:49White sharks rarely attack humans.

00:55:51If they bite, it's just because they want to test you.

00:55:53In reality, the shark's favorite food

00:55:55is seal.

00:55:57After a slight bite test,

00:55:59the shark understands that you are not a seal.

00:56:01It is simply disinterested in you.

00:56:03But if the shark is hungry,

00:56:05it doesn't care what kind of animal you are.

00:56:07Survivors who are safe in the boat

00:56:09have no reason to be afraid.

00:56:11The big white shark won't attack them.

00:56:13The predator can tampon the boat a little,

00:56:15but only to test it too.

00:56:17If there is a fridge with steaks on board

00:56:19and someone decides to give them to the shark,

00:56:21then the problems will begin.

00:56:23Several predators will push the boat

00:56:25until the steaks fall into the water.

00:56:27The shark swims far from you.

00:56:29Then, one of the lifeboats picks you up.

00:56:31You are safe.

00:56:33Soon, another lifeboat will arrive

00:56:35and you will be in a warm and cozy place.

00:56:37Second scenario.

00:56:39If the water was warmer,

00:56:41the survivors of the Titanic

00:56:43could meet bulldog sharks.

00:56:45You jump into the water from the dark ship.

00:56:47The water is not so cold,

00:56:49you can easily swim to the nearest floating door.

00:56:51But you notice a large triangular fin

00:56:53with a dark tip on top.

00:56:55Unlike the big white shark,

00:56:57these sharks are not fast.

00:56:59They seem lazy and slow,

00:57:01as if they were not interested in you.

00:57:03But you still have to climb the door

00:57:05as quickly as possible.

00:57:07They deliberately create an illusion of slowness

00:57:09so that their prey relaxes.

00:57:11At the right time,

00:57:13they become agile and fast.

00:57:15They are called that because of their short and flat faces

00:57:17like dogs.

00:57:19And their bodies are powerful.

00:57:21These predators like to hit their prey

00:57:23or other sharks with their heads.

00:57:25As soon as you cross the door,

00:57:27the bulldog shark jumps on you

00:57:29and you fall into the water.

00:57:31Fortunately, there is a lifeboat nearby.

00:57:33People get you on board.

00:57:35It's not very convincing,

00:57:37but thanks to your combined efforts,

00:57:39you keep the boat afloat.

00:57:41Soon, another lifeboat arrives

00:57:43and makes the predators flee

00:57:45thanks to its sound signal

00:57:47and the roaring noise of its engine.

00:57:49This unpleasant scenario is fortunately impossible.

00:57:51Bulldog sharks only swim

00:57:53in the warm waters of the ocean.

00:57:55But very often,

00:57:57they are found near the sources of fresh water,

00:57:59the estuaries of rivers

00:58:01and shallow waters.

00:58:03The third scenario,

00:58:05the most likely.

00:58:07You jump into the water.

00:58:09It is still icy and you have trouble moving

00:58:11because of the cold.

00:58:13Your life jacket holds you perfectly to the surface.

00:58:15The lights of the Titanic are sinking

00:58:17and light up the water a little bit.

00:58:19And in the infinite black depth,

00:58:21you notice something that looks like

00:58:23a big block of stone.

00:58:25An ancient fish,

00:58:27the most majestic shark in the world,

00:58:29swims near you.

00:58:31So, it does not fear the cold temperatures

00:58:33of the North Atlantic.

00:58:35This huge predator

00:58:37is bigger than a car.

00:58:39Each year, its length increases by 1 cm.

00:58:41You are lucky to see it

00:58:43because it is one of the rarest sharks in the world.

00:58:45Fortunately, it is docile

00:58:47and will not attack you.

00:58:49The entire kitchen of the Titanic

00:58:51may float in the water and attract these sharks.

00:58:53They are slow, peaceful and old.

00:58:55The age of the Greenland shark can reach 400 years.

00:58:57This shark is considered an adult

00:58:59and was born 50 years after its birth.

00:59:01The one you are looking at now, in 1912,

00:59:03may have known the golden age of pirates

00:59:05with its perched tree and hideout.

00:59:07And it is highly possible

00:59:09that the same shark that witnessed

00:59:11the disaster of the Titanic

00:59:13is still alive in 2021

00:59:15and is slowly floating in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean.

00:59:17In all scenarios,

00:59:19you managed to escape.

00:59:21But if a shark attacks you in the water

00:59:23and there is no boat nearby,

00:59:25you still have a chance to survive.

00:59:27Try not to panic.

00:59:29Do not make sudden movements

00:59:31to not excite the shark.

00:59:33You wear a life jacket,

00:59:35so you do not need to move to stay afloat.

00:59:37Do not move away from the shark

00:59:39otherwise it will think you are its prey.

00:59:41The shark will swim around you

00:59:43so do not lose sight of it.

00:59:45You can swim slowly to a boat

00:59:47or wooden boards,

00:59:49anything you can climb.

00:59:51If you are near the coast,

00:59:53swim slowly in its direction

00:59:55and you have to flee quickly.

00:59:57But be careful, the shark can even catch you

00:59:59at this place.

01:00:01So keep your eyes on it at all times.

01:00:03If the shark attacks you anyway,

01:00:05you will have to fight for your life.

01:00:07The weak points of the shark are its eyes

01:00:09and its branches.

01:00:11Aim them with your fists and your feet.

01:00:13At 11.40 pm,

01:00:15the Titanic hit an iceberg

01:00:17in the North Atlantic Ocean.

01:00:19Many objects were found and restored.

01:00:21Parts of the ship, jewels and plates

01:00:23to name just a few.

01:00:25It took about three hours

01:00:27for the ship to be completely submerged

01:00:29in its distant icy waters.

01:00:31The night was cold and very lively.

01:00:33The orchestra was playing

01:00:35and its music enchanted the passengers.

01:00:37Everyone was impatient

01:00:39to arrive in America.

01:00:41In 1912, crossing the Atlantic by boat

01:00:43was still considered

01:00:45as an extraordinary event.

01:00:47But over the course of the day,

01:00:49a vague feeling of imminent misfortune

01:00:51made its way into the captain's mind

01:00:53and the crew members' minds.

01:00:55However, no one else felt it.

01:00:57For most of the passengers,

01:00:59nothing could happen

01:01:01and the enemy was more calm.

01:01:03For them, the Titanic was unbearable.

01:01:05When we think of the Titanic,

01:01:07we rarely think of the mail personnel.

01:01:09Yes, there were

01:01:11post officers on board

01:01:13whose mission was to bring mail

01:01:15to America.

01:01:17It's a job,

01:01:19but to be accepted,

01:01:21you had to pass a very difficult exam.

01:01:23And only the best candidates

01:01:25were selected.

01:01:27John Starr March, an American,

01:01:29was one of those post officers

01:01:31who earned between $1,000 and $1,500

01:01:33a year working on the Titanic.

01:01:35In 1912,

01:01:37it was a very good salary.

01:01:39He was not officially part

01:01:41of the ship's crew.

01:01:43The mail team was placed

01:01:45near third-class neighborhoods.

01:01:47Thanks to their influence

01:01:49and a lot of tenacity,

01:01:51they had a better treatment

01:01:53and access to a private dining room.

01:01:55March had been hired

01:01:57because he needed money

01:01:59to meet his family's needs.

01:02:01And working on a large ship

01:02:03crossing the ocean

01:02:05suited him perfectly.

01:02:07He was 51 at the time

01:02:09and was from New Jersey.

01:02:11Unfortunately,

01:02:13he was on board

01:02:15and did not survive.

01:02:17But we found a watch

01:02:19that gives us a glimpse

01:02:21of what happened

01:02:23during this fateful evening.

01:02:25It's a gold locket

01:02:27engraved in filigree

01:02:29and bearing the brand

01:02:31of the Elgin National Watch Company.

01:02:33At first glance,

01:02:35it looks like an antiquity

01:02:37that you put over a chimney

01:02:39to make it look nice,

01:02:41but the object has some

01:02:43water marks under the glass

01:02:45and the black hands of the watch

01:02:47indicate exactly 1h27.

01:02:49You may wonder

01:02:51why it stopped at this precise moment.

01:02:53What was its owner doing?

01:02:55The mailmen

01:02:57made sure the mail was sorted

01:02:59in a perfectly efficient way

01:03:01on board the Titanic.

01:03:03It was not a common thing

01:03:05on a cruise ship.

01:03:07Boats usually carry closed bags

01:03:09to load the mail from one port to the other.

01:03:11Going on board the Titanic

01:03:13allowed the passengers

01:03:15to send postcards

01:03:17to the transit zones

01:03:19in Ireland and France.

01:03:21According to what we know,

01:03:23the passengers started

01:03:25to return to their cabins

01:03:27around 11pm.

01:03:29But some of them

01:03:31were still hanging around

01:03:33to enjoy the evening.

01:03:35The five mailmen

01:03:37were celebrating

01:03:39and rang the bell three times

01:03:41to warn that an object

01:03:43was right in front of them.

01:03:45The order was given

01:03:47to manoeuvre to the left

01:03:49or, as it was still used

01:03:51in the last century,

01:03:53to parry at full speed

01:03:55and to make the engines

01:03:57go backwards.

01:03:59This was not enough

01:04:01to avoid the disaster.

01:04:03At 11.40pm,

01:04:05the Titanic hit the iceberg

01:04:07but the panic

01:04:09caught the passengers

01:04:11and the crew members.

01:04:13Captain Smith got on the deck

01:04:15and was informed that the Titanic

01:04:17had hit an iceberg.

01:04:19At the same time,

01:04:21the mailroom was filled with water.

01:04:23We know that the ship,

01:04:25269 metres high,

01:04:27was completely submerged

01:04:29around 2.20am,

01:04:31with 706 survivors.

01:04:33Between the impact

01:04:35and the disaster.

01:04:37At midnight,

01:04:39we started to prepare

01:04:41the rescue canoes

01:04:43for the evacuation of the passengers.

01:04:45Orders were given

01:04:47to give priority

01:04:49to women and children

01:04:51with a few crew members

01:04:53to guide them.

01:04:55The problem was

01:04:57that the 20 rescue canoes

01:04:59could only accommodate

01:05:011,178 people

01:05:03in the general order.

01:05:05Every second,

01:05:07the icy water

01:05:09infiltrated the ship.

01:05:1115 minutes after midnight,

01:05:13Captain Smith ordered

01:05:15his crew to send

01:05:17a distress signal.

01:05:19Even if the SOS

01:05:21already existed at the time of the Titanic,

01:05:23the code CQD was still widely used.

01:05:25CQ is a general call

01:05:27and D means distress.

01:05:29The SS Frankfurt was too far

01:05:31from the Titanic

01:05:33and was one of the first

01:05:35to respond.

01:05:37The twin ship of the Titanic,

01:05:39the Olympic,

01:05:41also responded,

01:05:43but it was too far away.

01:05:45At midnight,

01:05:47the Carpathian received

01:05:49the distress signal

01:05:51and changed course,

01:05:53but it was

01:05:55107 kilometres away.

01:05:57During this time,

01:05:59many passengers

01:06:01were already on board

01:06:03the rescue canoes

01:06:05waiting to get into the water.

01:06:07The musicians continued to play

01:06:09for those who were still waiting.

01:06:11From the first class lounge

01:06:13where they were installed,

01:06:15they went directly to the deck.

01:06:17We do not know how long

01:06:19they played

01:06:21and the songs chosen.

01:06:23None of the musicians survived.

01:06:25The five postmen

01:06:27were already full of water

01:06:29up to the ankles

01:06:31and the postmen tried to save

01:06:33as many postmen as possible.

01:06:35March was one of them.

01:06:37Post bags were floating everywhere.

01:06:39He prioritized the recommended mail.

01:06:41The shipwreck witnesses

01:06:43said that the postmen

01:06:45brought bags on the deck

01:06:47to protect them from the water

01:06:49until the rescue arrived.

01:06:51They also said that bags

01:06:53were floating on the icy water.

01:06:55The rescue boat,

01:06:57located on the left side of the ship,

01:06:59was lowered into the water.

01:07:01Even if it could accommodate

01:07:03about 65 people,

01:07:05only 27 people were on board.

01:07:07Many canoes carried

01:07:09fewer passengers

01:07:11than their maximum allowed capacity.

01:07:13The crew feared they would sink

01:07:15if they were overloaded.

01:07:17According to some testimonies,

01:07:19some people even refused

01:07:21to get into the canoes

01:07:23The first of the eight distress rockets

01:07:25was sent, but it had no result.

01:07:27At 00.55,

01:07:29the second and third rescue canoes

01:07:31were lowered into the water

01:07:33and two male passengers

01:07:35jumped on board.

01:07:37Five minutes later,

01:07:39another canoe was lowered

01:07:41with about 39 people on board.

01:07:43At that moment, the water was already

01:07:45touching the bottom of the large staircase.

01:07:47During the next 20 minutes,

01:07:49other canoes were lowered.

01:07:51The majority of them

01:07:53were below their capacity.

01:07:55And still, no rescue was in sight.

01:07:57Carpathia was still on the road.

01:07:59Panic and tension grew.

01:08:01Those who stayed on the bridge

01:08:03expressed their anger.

01:08:05At 1.30 in the morning,

01:08:07the situation became uncontrollable.

01:08:09The embarkation of passengers

01:08:11to the rescue canoes

01:08:13had to be interrupted.

01:08:15And Marc's watch,

01:08:17stopped three minutes earlier,

01:08:19forcing the crew members

01:08:21to the passengers.

01:08:23It took three hours for Carpathia

01:08:25to finally arrive.

01:08:27Marc was not one of the survivors.

01:08:29His watch turned out to be

01:08:31one of the essential discoveries

01:08:33among the objects found

01:08:35in the wreck of the Titanic.

01:08:37It was later returned to its two daughters.

01:08:39And today, it is in one of the collections

01:08:41of the National Museum of La Poste.

01:08:43Marc did what he had to do

01:08:45in a desperate situation.

01:08:47This time was extremely precious

01:08:49for the passengers of the ship.

01:08:51And this watch allowed us

01:08:53to learn a little more

01:08:55about the tragic and exciting

01:08:57history of the Titanic.

01:08:59On the night of April 14th to 15th, 1912,

01:09:01the most modern and

01:09:03unsinkable ship in the world

01:09:05collided with an iceberg

01:09:07and sank.

01:09:09It was incredibly frightening.

01:09:11Imagine a huge cruise ship

01:09:13several times the size

01:09:15of an iceberg

01:09:17crashing on a huge piece of ice

01:09:19and disappearing.

01:09:21Everything is dark and cold.

01:09:23All you can hear is the rumbling

01:09:25and scraping of metal and wood

01:09:27breaking.

01:09:29All around you is the icy water

01:09:31of the Atlantic Ocean.

01:09:33The connection with the outside world

01:09:35is almost non-existent.

01:09:37There is no telephone or internet.

01:09:39No one else on the planet

01:09:41knows that the ship is sinking.

01:09:43The passengers on the Titanic

01:09:45did not panic.

01:09:47They remained calm,

01:09:49perhaps a little worried,

01:09:51but there was no fear

01:09:53on their faces.

01:09:55To understand why they did not panic

01:09:57during one of the greatest

01:09:59disasters of the 20th century,

01:10:01you just have to see

01:10:03what was happening

01:10:05through their eyes.

01:10:07So, you are a passenger

01:10:09of the sadly famous shipwreck.

01:10:11You hear a beautiful melody.

01:10:13The waiters offer dessert.

01:10:15You get out on the deck

01:10:17and enjoy the tranquility

01:10:19of the majestic ocean.

01:10:21At this moment, you feel

01:10:23an incredible sense of security

01:10:25and comfort.

01:10:27You are proud to be one of the

01:10:29first people in the world

01:10:31to travel on the most high-tech

01:10:33ship on the planet.

01:10:35You lie down in your cabin

01:10:37and you wake up because

01:10:39Oh, ok, no problem.

01:10:41You are happy to go out

01:10:43to look at the night sky.

01:10:45The moment when the ship

01:10:47collided with the iceberg

01:10:49was felt as a slight push

01:10:51and some passengers

01:10:53did not even hear it.

01:10:55They did not understand

01:10:57that there was a problem

01:10:59only when the stewards

01:11:01knocked on their door

01:11:03and asked them to leave.

01:11:05You are on the deck.

01:11:07When you look around you,

01:11:09you understand that the ship

01:11:11will potentially sink.

01:11:13This idea seems absurd to you.

01:11:15But even if it is true,

01:11:17all the passengers will be

01:11:19evacuated in lifeboats anyway.

01:11:21At that time, people did not know

01:11:23that there were twice as few

01:11:25lifeboats as necessary.

01:11:27The passengers were sure

01:11:29that everyone would be saved.

01:11:31The evacuation begins.

01:11:33Women and children are a priority.

01:11:35All men behave like gentlemen

01:11:37and help the crew members

01:11:39to evacuate the women.

01:11:41A passenger wants to get on the boat

01:11:43with his wife.

01:11:45But it is not because he is afraid

01:11:47to stay on the Titanic.

01:11:49He is simply worried about her.

01:11:51It seems to him that the boat

01:11:53is less secure than the giant deck.

01:11:55He does not want to leave his wife alone.

01:11:57But the crew members

01:11:59explain the situation to him

01:12:01and the man withdraws without resistance.

01:12:03Everyone thinks

01:12:05that this is a standard procedure

01:12:07for a shipwreck.

01:12:09If there had been many experienced

01:12:11passengers on board,

01:12:13they would have understood

01:12:15that the light-emitting rockets

01:12:17were fired because the ship

01:12:19was in distress.

01:12:21People might have started

01:12:23to panic.

01:12:25But most of the passengers

01:12:27simply did not notice it.

01:12:29The boats are lowered one by one.

01:12:31The actions of the crew

01:12:33help the passengers to stay calm.

01:12:35They deliberately minimize the gravity

01:12:37of the situation to avoid panic.

01:12:39Someone says that the boats

01:12:41are put in the water by mere precaution.

01:12:43In addition, the crew members

01:12:45say that a rescue ship

01:12:47is heading towards the Titanic

01:12:49and is only a few kilometers away.

01:12:51Some passengers say

01:12:53they see the lights of another ship.

01:12:55People who are already sitting

01:12:57in the boats want to stay

01:12:59quiet. Many passengers

01:13:01simply do not want to admit

01:13:03that something serious is happening.

01:13:05But when they are told that the ship is sinking,

01:13:07they refuse to recognize it.

01:13:09How is it possible that an unsinkable ship

01:13:11can sink? But this is how

01:13:13the human mind works.

01:13:15In extreme situations,

01:13:17they refuse to believe that something bad

01:13:19can happen in the short term.

01:13:21You don't even want to think about it.

01:13:23One of the passengers claims

01:13:25that the danger is exaggerated.

01:13:27The world will return to the Titanic

01:13:29from one moment to the next.

01:13:31Some passengers are afraid,

01:13:33and yet they don't want to leave the ship.

01:13:35The warm cabins and the safest ship

01:13:37in the world are there.

01:13:39The alternative is the icy ocean

01:13:41and the unstable rescue boats.

01:13:43Someone refuses to leave the ship

01:13:45because they can't find their luggage.

01:13:47Some passengers take all their stuff

01:13:49with them. They don't want to leave them

01:13:51on the sinking boat.

01:13:53There are many immigrants on board

01:13:55who don't even understand English.

01:13:57The crew members can't explain

01:13:59what's going on.

01:14:01These passengers don't understand

01:14:03the instructions of the stewards

01:14:05during the evacuation.

01:14:07They can't understand the inscriptions

01:14:09on the evacuation signs.

01:14:11Many passengers are convinced

01:14:13that there was a breakdown

01:14:15in the engine compartment.

01:14:17The problem will soon be solved

01:14:19and the Titanic will continue its journey.

01:14:21People don't realize that the ship

01:14:23is sinking.

01:14:25It's at this moment that those

01:14:27around you panic.

01:14:29Some jump into the water,

01:14:31others jump into the rescue boats

01:14:33without lining up.

01:14:35But in general, there is not much chaos

01:14:37or hysteria,

01:14:39even though there are about

01:14:411,500 people on the ship.

01:14:43Scientists say that some people

01:14:45never left their cabins.

01:14:47These people refused to leave

01:14:49their stuff behind them

01:14:51The orchestra continues to play.

01:14:53It helps people to stay calm.

01:14:55They hear music

01:14:57and it seems to them that everything will be fine.

01:14:59The music continues on the Titanic

01:15:01almost until the end.

01:15:03Around 2.05 am,

01:15:05the crew gets off the last boat

01:15:07carrying the passengers.

01:15:0915 minutes later, the ship is submerged.

01:15:11Even after the tragedy,

01:15:13the surviving passengers can't

01:15:15really understand what happened to them.

01:15:17They remember getting on the boats

01:15:19and getting away from the huge ship.

01:15:21Of course, they will never forget

01:15:23this vision of seeing it sink.

01:15:25But even after a while,

01:15:27they still don't really realize

01:15:29the terrible disaster they just experienced.

01:15:31Some time later, people started

01:15:33writing books about these fateful events.

01:15:35They made documentaries

01:15:37and feature films.

01:15:39The news of the Titanic disaster

01:15:41was in every newspaper.

01:15:43It spread all over the world.

01:15:45In any description of that day,

01:15:47it was a terrible disaster.

01:15:49But those who were present

01:15:51said they didn't really feel a blue fear.

01:15:53They just couldn't believe

01:15:55what was happening.

01:15:57The tragedy of the Titanic

01:15:59may seem more terrible

01:16:01for the people who heard about it

01:16:03than for those who experienced it.

01:16:05Many people in the world

01:16:07refused to board large boats

01:16:09after the disaster.

01:16:11They were afraid of what could happen to them.

01:16:13At the same time,

01:16:15a woman even survived

01:16:17three shipwrecks, including the Titanic,

01:16:19and continued to travel.

01:16:21Here, people had tried

01:16:23to lift the Titanic from the bottom of the sea.

01:16:25This happened several years

01:16:27after the shipwreck.

01:16:29The operation of $5 million

01:16:31then failed.

01:16:33We tied nylon ropes to a large part

01:16:35of the sinking ship.

01:16:37We connected the other ends of the ropes

01:16:39to diesel engines.

01:16:41For the entire operation,

01:16:43the Titanic, weighing 21 tons,

01:16:45was being reassembled

01:16:47when one of the ropes gave in.

01:16:49And then, one by one,

01:16:51the other cables began to break too.

01:16:53The huge piece of ship

01:16:55fell back to the bottom of the sea.

01:16:57At that moment,

01:16:59the rescue team

01:17:01had run out of food.

01:17:03And since the nearest shore

01:17:05was quite far away,

01:17:07they decided not to try again.

01:17:09It was the beginning of 1912.

01:17:11The Titanic was detached from a glacier

01:17:13in the southwest of Greenland.

01:17:15The ice was composed of snow

01:17:17that had fallen thousands of years

01:17:19before the event.

01:17:21Perhaps even at the time

01:17:23when the mammoths were still roaming the Earth.

01:17:25The iceberg then began its journey.

01:17:27It was a colossal object,

01:17:29more than 520 meters long

01:17:31and weighing more than 75 million tons.

01:17:33But it was also a very shy

01:17:35piece of ice.

01:17:37It stood apart from the ships

01:17:39and, for some reason,

01:17:41it floated much further south

01:17:43than the other icebergs.

01:17:45Our iceberg was lucky.

01:17:47The others generally melt

01:17:49well before reaching these low latitudes.

01:17:51Of the 30,000 icebergs

01:17:53drifting from the Greenland glaciers,

01:17:55only 1% manage to reach the Atlantic.

01:17:57Even after melting in the water

01:17:59for months,

01:18:01this huge block of ice

01:18:03was still almost twice as heavy

01:18:05as the Golden Gate.

01:18:07The size of the iceberg

01:18:09exceeded the surface of the ocean by 10 floors.

01:18:11Several days before our iceberg

01:18:13reached the Atlantic Ocean,

01:18:15a magnificent ship left the port.

01:18:17It was a luxury boat

01:18:19carrying more than 3,000 passengers

01:18:21and crew members.

01:18:23At the time, it was the largest ship

01:18:25ever built.

01:18:27It was the Titanic.

01:18:29The famous collision took place on April 14,

01:18:31when the ship was in the North Atlantic

01:18:33600 km from Newfoundland.

01:18:35Unable to divert its trajectory,

01:18:37the ship broke at least

01:18:395 of its hull compartments.

01:18:41They began to fill with water

01:18:43at alarming speed.

01:18:45The Titanic's compartments were not closed at the top.

01:18:47This is why the water overflowed

01:18:49and began to flood

01:18:51each successive compartment.

01:18:53The front of the ship began to sink,

01:18:55leading the rear part to rise

01:18:57vertically in the air.

01:18:59And then, in a deafening roar,

01:19:01the stern broke in two.

01:19:03The rest is history.

01:19:05But what happened to the iceberg after that?

01:19:07On April 15,

01:19:09the German ship SS Prinz Adalbert

01:19:11sailed in the North Atlantic.

01:19:13It crossed a few kilometers

01:19:15from where the Titanic

01:19:17had sunk several hours earlier.

01:19:19The captain of the German ship,

01:19:21who had not yet learned of the disaster,

01:19:23saw an iceberg.

01:19:25What caught his attention

01:19:27was a large stream of red paint

01:19:29along the base of the iceberg.

01:19:31Surprised,

01:19:33the man took a picture of his discovery.

01:19:35He thought the paint meant

01:19:37that a ship had hit the iceberg

01:19:39during the last 12 hours.

01:19:41The next person who saw the iceberg

01:19:43and took another picture of it

01:19:45was the captain of a ship

01:19:47putting telecommunications cables

01:19:49at sea.

01:19:51The ship had been sent to help

01:19:53in the area where the Titanic had sunk.

01:19:55The captain later claimed

01:19:57that the iceberg he had seen

01:19:59was not difficult to link.

01:20:01In 2015,

01:20:03one of his photos

01:20:05was sold at auction

01:20:07for more than $32,000.

01:20:09And yet, experts are not sure

01:20:11that the image really shows

01:20:13the sadly famous ice block.

01:20:15It could be a simple iceberg

01:20:17floating nearby at that time.

01:20:19The great unsinkable ship

01:20:21had disappeared,

01:20:23sunk at the bottom of the North Atlantic

01:20:25where it is still today.

01:20:27The iceberg continued its journey,

01:20:29leaving some witnesses perplexed

01:20:31and slowly sinking into the surrounding water.

01:20:33It completely disappeared

01:20:35before the end of the year.

01:20:37At the start of its fateful journey,

01:20:39the Titanic weighed

01:20:41about 52,000 tons.

01:20:43But how did it manage

01:20:45to put it in the water?

01:20:47The first step was to find tons of soap

01:20:49and natural grease.

01:20:51The second step was to pour it

01:20:53all over the ramp in front of the Titanic

01:20:55to make sure it didn't slip.

01:20:57They even applied grease

01:20:59on the outside of the ship

01:21:01to make sure it didn't crack.

01:21:03The Titanic then slowly slid into the water

01:21:05and the workers and owners

01:21:07sighed in relief.

01:21:09At least this step was well done.

01:21:11In Egypt, when they built

01:21:13the Aswan Dam,

01:21:15they had to clear a huge area

01:21:17for the new artificial lake.

01:21:19Nearly 100,000 people

01:21:21had to move out of their homes.

01:21:23They had to move two huge temples

01:21:25from ancient Egypt

01:21:27to avoid losing them underwater.

01:21:29The answer? Thousands of engineers and builders.

01:21:31The temples were built in a mountain,

01:21:33so they first had to remove them

01:21:35with bulldozers and pickaxes.

01:21:37Then they had to dismantle everything

01:21:39as if it were a huge lego project.

01:21:41Statues, roofs,

01:21:43walls, sculptures,

01:21:45a nice set of legos.

01:21:47Then they divided the temples into small pieces,

01:21:49more than a thousand.

01:21:51Each of these pieces

01:21:53weighed as much as three elephants.

01:21:55So where did they put everything?

01:21:57On the same mountain,

01:21:59just 60 meters higher.

01:22:01It took 5 years and nearly $300 million

01:22:03in current currency.

01:22:05I think even the pharaohs

01:22:07would have been impressed.

01:22:09Now let's say you're thirsty

01:22:11and you take a glass of water.

01:22:13But where does this water come from?

01:22:15In Saudi Arabia, it comes from the sea.

01:22:17All you have to do is get rid of the salt.

01:22:19This is the evaporator.

01:22:21The Saudi Arabian machine

01:22:23supplies fresh water to 300,000 people,

01:22:25which is not bad for such a large desert.

01:22:27The evaporator weighs 5,000 tons

01:22:29and it is huge,

01:22:31as big as 10 basketball courts.

01:22:33They rented a special boat

01:22:35to transport it from Vietnam to Saudi Arabia,

01:22:37but even this one was too small.

01:22:39After enlarging the ship

01:22:41and managing to cross the continent,

01:22:43the evaporator finally landed in the Middle East.

01:22:45Then it was easy.

01:22:47All you have to do is take 30 semi-trailers

01:22:49and pull.

01:22:51Very impressive,

01:22:53but the biggest thing

01:22:55that has ever moved on Earth

01:22:57is much bigger.

01:22:59Try to enter the Norwegian gas production platform

01:23:01Troll A.

01:23:03It weighs more than the Titanic

01:23:05and is much larger than the Empire State Building.

01:23:07But the engineers were not cold.

01:23:09Even if they had to drag this thing

01:23:11190 kilometers from the shore,

01:23:13they hung it to 10 powerful boats

01:23:15that cost a billion dollars.

01:23:17So you had to be really careful.

01:23:19The boats pulled it in all directions

01:23:21to keep it stable,

01:23:23then slowly headed for the sea.

01:23:25Once there,

01:23:27these four powerful foundations

01:23:29were fixed with concrete,

01:23:31about as much as it would take

01:23:33to build 200,000 houses.

01:23:35This portion of the sea

01:23:37can be quite agitated,

01:23:39so they had to make sure

01:23:41that it would not move at all.

01:23:43You have to leave the city,

01:23:45but you are used to living in your house.

01:23:47Your great kitchen, your sweet fireplace.

01:23:49No problem.

01:23:51Take your house with you.

01:23:53About 500 years ago,

01:23:55an Italian architect was building

01:23:57the administrative building of the municipality,

01:23:59but the bell of the local church

01:24:01hindered the work.

01:24:03The solution was to lift the tower

01:24:05and move it.

01:24:07The architect built a wooden frame

01:24:09around the tower and moved it

01:24:11with a lot of human effort.

01:24:13Since then,

01:24:15many buildings have been moved,

01:24:17but what was done in China has changed everything.

01:24:19In 2004, engineers moved

01:24:21the building of the Fugeng

01:24:23of about 36 meters.

01:24:25It was the heaviest building

01:24:27that had ever been moved.

01:24:29But it only took 11 days.

01:24:31They worked day and night

01:24:33to make it go so fast.

01:24:3510,000 years ago,

01:24:37a meteorite fell on Greenland.

01:24:39People started breaking pieces

01:24:41to make knives, harpoons,

01:24:43arrowheads and even jewels.

01:24:45Pretty handy, huh?

01:24:47Over time, the local residents

01:24:49broke the meteorite, named Cape York,

01:24:51into a multitude of pieces.

01:24:53The explorer of the Arctic, Robert Perry,

01:24:55wanted to bring the biggest piece

01:24:57to the United States.

01:24:59But how to move 30 tons of space rock

01:25:01without a truck or paved road?

01:25:03In addition, this happened in 1897

01:25:05and it was freezing cold.

01:25:07It took three years, but he succeeded.

01:25:09He ended up building a railroad

01:25:11with a special platform

01:25:13to pull it to the nearest bank.

01:25:15It was Greenland's first

01:25:17and last railroad.

01:25:19Perry sold the meteorite for $40,000.

01:25:21Today, it would represent

01:25:23about $1 million.

01:25:25In 2012, the artist Michael Iser

01:25:27erected a 340-ton block

01:25:29above the entrance

01:25:31of the LA County Museum of Art.

01:25:33He called it Levitated Mass.

01:25:35It was easy to set it up,

01:25:37but to bring it here,

01:25:39not so easy.

01:25:41They had to use a 90-meter trailer

01:25:43and six different trucks.

01:25:45It only drove at night

01:25:47at a distance of 60 kilometers

01:25:49through 22 cities.

01:25:51The craziest thing is that it ended up

01:25:53costing $10 million.

01:25:55The Swedish ship Vasa,

01:25:57built about 400 years ago,

01:25:59was almost a celebrity.

01:26:01People were amazed at its size,

01:26:03and the first time it went to sea,

01:26:05it sank.

01:26:07But why? A gust of wind.

01:26:09Oops! Anyway,

01:26:11about 80 years ago,

01:26:13they decided to take it out.

01:26:15One of the proposed plans

01:26:17was to fill it with ping-pong balls

01:26:19and freeze it in an ice block.

01:26:21But instead, they simply

01:26:23tied ropes around it

01:26:25and used 18 elevators

01:26:27to drag it on the seabed

01:26:29to a shallow area.

01:26:31It was mainly made of wood

01:26:33without a lot of metal.

01:26:35The ship, of course, survived

01:26:37thanks to the cold sea water

01:26:39and even floated on its own.

01:26:41The ship Andy Ever

01:26:43carried out 25 missions in space,

01:26:45and in 2012, NASA decided

01:26:47it deserved a break.

01:26:49Its home is the California Science Center.

01:26:51The huge ship was loaded

01:26:53on trailers and crossed Los Angeles

01:26:55at an incredible speed of 3 km per hour.

01:26:57It was the first and probably

01:26:59the last time a space ship

01:27:01crossed a big city.

01:27:03They had to clear a fairly wide path

01:27:05and ended up knocking down

01:27:07a lot of bulky things,

01:27:09like streetlights, traffic lights,

01:27:11electric lines, and even

01:27:13more than 400 trees.

01:27:15But rest assured,

01:27:17they raised a lot of money

01:27:19thanks to this operation,

01:27:21enough to plant more than

01:27:23800 new trees.

01:27:25The Statue of Liberty

01:27:27was almost ready to be offered

01:27:29to the United States as a token of friendship.

01:27:31As sending it by post would have required

01:27:33a little too much bubble wrap,

01:27:35they decided to ship it by boat.

01:27:37The statue was cut into 350 pieces,

01:27:39loaded into crates,

01:27:41and sent to New York.

01:27:43It took them 4 months

01:27:45to assemble all the pieces.

01:27:47You're talking about a construction game!

01:27:49Here is the Bagger 288,

01:27:51an excavator with an automotive godet

01:27:53that is the largest land vehicle

01:27:55on the planet.

01:27:57This monster can unload

01:27:59the equivalent of thousands of other vehicles at once.

01:28:01It finishes its job in a quarry

01:28:03and moves on to another.

01:28:05It would have been ridiculous to disassemble it,

01:28:07ship it, and reassemble it.

01:28:09So it simply moved.

01:28:11It took it 3 weeks to move

01:28:13at only 0.8 km per hour.

01:28:15To prevent it from destroying

01:28:17everything it was driving on,

01:28:19the engineers walked in front of it,

01:28:21planting grass and covering the roads

01:28:23with dirt.

01:28:25And now you're walking down the street in France,

01:28:27you see a few cafes,

01:28:29maybe even a nice bakery,

01:28:31and the largest gas turbine in the world,

01:28:33called Ariete.

01:28:35Ariete's role?

01:28:37To keep the light in more than 700,000 French homes.

01:28:39This gigantic turbine weighs as much

01:28:41as two jumbo jets,

01:28:43and it must have crossed France,

01:28:45Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

01:28:47Nice trip!

01:28:49The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt

01:28:51The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:28:53The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:28:55The Great Pyramid of Giza

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01:31:01The Great Pyramid of Giza

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01:31:05The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:07The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:09The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:11The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:13The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:15The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:17The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:19The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:21The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:23The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:25The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:27The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:29The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:31The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:33The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:35The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:37The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:39The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:41The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:43The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:45The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:47The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:49The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:51The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:53The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:55The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:57The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:31:59The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:32:01The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:32:03The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:32:05The Great Pyramid of Giza

01:32:07What about the volume?

01:32:09Could a flying superhero

01:32:11have helped to avoid this tragedy?

01:32:13I bet yes.

01:32:15This superhero could have

01:32:17watched the area, especially at night

01:32:19when visibility is low.

01:32:21In addition, the hero

01:32:23could have helped to alert

01:32:25the neighboring ships more quickly

01:32:27that something was wrong with the Titanic

01:32:29and that help was needed

01:32:31to ensure that no one was injured.

01:32:33If someone on board had been able to fly,

01:32:35he might have been able to transport

01:32:37a certain number of passengers safely.

01:32:39Laser vision?

01:32:41That would have been cool.

01:32:43A person with a laser vision

01:32:45would have pulverized this iceberg

01:32:47in a blink of an eye.

01:32:49Instead of shivering in the dark

01:32:51on this fateful night of April 1912,

01:32:53people would have been able to enjoy

01:32:55a good fresh drink on the bridge

01:32:57the next morning,

01:32:59thanks to a remnant of harmless ice

01:33:01still hanging on the ship.

01:33:03This person with a laser vision

01:33:05might not have been powerful enough

01:33:07to split the iceberg in two

01:33:09so that the Titanic could pass safely.

01:33:11But she could have at least helped

01:33:13to open the locked room

01:33:15where the twins were.

01:33:19A person with superhuman strength?

01:33:21Yes, that could have been useful.

01:33:23She could have placed herself

01:33:25between the ship and the iceberg,

01:33:27thus preventing the collision.

01:33:29If, for example, this person was sleeping

01:33:31on a block of ice,

01:33:33it's not a big deal.

01:33:35She would have simply kept

01:33:37the Titanic afloat

01:33:39until close ships

01:33:41came to rescue everyone on board.

01:33:43If you had the ability

01:33:45to breathe underwater,

01:33:47you would have at least

01:33:49managed to survive on the Titanic.

01:33:51Technically, there's not much

01:33:53you could have done differently

01:33:55on the boat.

01:33:57You might have been able

01:33:59to keep the Titanic afloat

01:34:01while you were swimming

01:34:03comfortably underwater.

01:34:05If a person on board

01:34:07had been able to control the elements,

01:34:09it would have been extraordinary.

01:34:11Not only would it have allowed

01:34:13to save a large number of passengers,

01:34:15if not all of them,

01:34:17but it would have been fascinating to watch.

01:34:19Such a superhero would have been able

01:34:21to remove the water from the Titanic's injuries

01:34:23after it had hit the iceberg.

01:34:25If he had been agile enough

01:34:27to not hit the ship,

01:34:29he could have transformed

01:34:31the large block of ice into water

01:34:33with a simple snap of a finger.

01:34:35If we look at the archives

01:34:37of that night,

01:34:39everything happened very quickly

01:34:41on the Titanic.

01:34:43Wouldn't it have been nice

01:34:45to have a person on board

01:34:47able to slow down time?

01:34:49For the purposes of the story,

01:34:51let's also imagine

01:34:53that this person

01:34:55would have been able to control

01:34:57the air pressure

01:34:59or the reaction of the crew

01:35:01when the iceberg was spotted

01:35:03for the first time.

01:35:05With a simple gesture of the hand,

01:35:07she would have slowed down time

01:35:09almost to freeze it.

01:35:11They could have checked

01:35:13the ship's recordings,

01:35:15its abnormally fast speed

01:35:17and alerted the captain

01:35:19to make a timely decision.

01:35:21The Titanic could have been stopped

01:35:23by a simple snap of a finger.

01:35:25At least, the superhero

01:35:27would have spotted the iceberg

01:35:29earlier than the others.

01:35:31Since he could have seen much better

01:35:33in low-light conditions,

01:35:35this hero would have probably

01:35:37managed the rescue efforts

01:35:39better during this disastrous night.

01:35:41Invisibility?

01:35:43Would this superpower have prevented

01:35:45the Titanic from sinking

01:35:47at the bottom of the Atlantic?

01:35:49I could imagine one or two

01:35:51people who would have gone

01:35:53to search the ship

01:35:55to become invisible

01:35:57when they wanted to.

01:35:59It should not be forgotten

01:36:01that the Titanic had

01:36:03some of the most important

01:36:05members of society on board.

01:36:07It was not a boat like the others.

01:36:09The last crew members

01:36:11were probably on board.

01:36:13Among all this banal information,

01:36:15this superhero could have

01:36:17heard the captain say

01:36:20Who knows what this curious superhero

01:36:22could have done with all this information?

01:36:25Any wizard could have saved the Titanic

01:36:27if he had been on board, I'm sure of it.

01:36:29There must be in a book

01:36:31a magical formula

01:36:33useful for ships that sink, right?

01:36:35Maybe a formula that could have

01:36:37helped to weld the metal

01:36:39after it was hit by the iceberg.

01:36:41Or maybe a formula that would have

01:36:43allowed to transport the entire ship

01:36:45by plane to a safe place

01:36:47And why not a spell

01:36:49that would have transformed the Titanic

01:36:51into a submarine, creating a protective layer

01:36:53around it so that it could move

01:36:55comfortably under the sea.

01:36:57It would certainly have been cool

01:36:59and would have given the passengers

01:37:01a really unique experience.

01:37:03The ability to communicate

01:37:05with animals or fish

01:37:07would certainly have been useful too.

01:37:09Even if everything had failed

01:37:11and the Titanic had hit the iceberg,

01:37:13that it had been filled with water

01:37:15people could still have been saved.

01:37:17Indeed, there would have been someone

01:37:19on board who could have ordered

01:37:21the dolphins to transport people

01:37:23to a safe place.

01:37:25I am convinced that these intelligent creatures

01:37:27would have been delighted to help them.

01:37:29We all cried a little

01:37:31watching Jack and Rose's heartbreaking farewells

01:37:33in Titanic.

01:37:35Oops, spoiler, sorry.

01:37:37But the stories lived during the shipwreck

01:37:39of the famous ship were no less touching.

01:37:41Joseph Laroche was born

01:37:43in 1886 in Haiti

01:37:45in a wealthy family.

01:37:47He grew up there without knowing his father,

01:37:49but his mother took care of it

01:37:51and was a respected merchant.

01:37:53In addition, his uncle by alliance

01:37:55was at the head of the country.

01:37:57Joseph spoke French, Creole

01:37:59and English fluently.

01:38:01At the age of 15, he had decided

01:38:03to become an engineer.

01:38:05But as there was no engineering school

01:38:07in Haiti, he left for France

01:38:09to study there.

01:38:11While he was still a student,

01:38:13Joseph met Juliet

01:38:15in the Parisian suburbs

01:38:17through his mentor.

01:38:19They quickly became friends

01:38:21and their relationship grew.

01:38:23The couple decided to get married.

01:38:25A single shadow on the painting.

01:38:27Joseph could not find a qualified

01:38:29and decently paid job,

01:38:31even after completing his studies

01:38:33due to the racism that plagued the time.

01:38:35This intelligent young man realized

01:38:37that he could hope for the best.

01:38:39But he had to meet the needs

01:38:41of his growing family,

01:38:43because a third child was already on the way.

01:38:45His uncle, president of Haiti,

01:38:47promised him to find him a job

01:38:49as a math teacher.

01:38:51And his mother was delighted

01:38:53that her son and family

01:38:55returned to live in Haiti.

01:38:57She bought them first-class tickets

01:38:59for the Pacbo Le France

01:39:01as a gift of reunion.

01:39:03But this Pacbo had stupidly strict rules

01:39:05that separated the parents

01:39:07and could not inflict this on their children

01:39:09during a long trip across the ocean.

01:39:11They decided to exchange these tickets

01:39:13for second-class seats

01:39:15aboard the inaugural voyage

01:39:17of the RMS Titanic.

01:39:19The Titanic was the subject of all attention

01:39:21and did not separate families,

01:39:23which seemed to be a good thing.

01:39:25They planned to embark in New York

01:39:27on another ship that would lead them

01:39:29directly to their final destination in Haiti.

01:39:31The family boarded the Titanic

01:39:33on April 10, 1912

01:39:35in Cherbourg.

01:39:37They had three days to enjoy

01:39:39luxurious cabins,

01:39:41dining room, library

01:39:43and three outdoor walkways

01:39:45reserved for second-class passengers.

01:39:47Juliet sent a letter to her father

01:39:49since the last stop of the ship

01:39:51in Queenstown, Ireland.

01:39:53She told him in detail

01:39:55how satisfied they were with their accommodation.

01:39:57They had two beds in their cabin

01:39:59and a sofa that turned into a bed

01:40:01for their young children.

01:40:03The family even became friends

01:40:05with some nice passengers

01:40:07with whom they had already traveled

01:40:09from Paris.

01:40:11They thought they were the only French

01:40:13on board, so they started

01:40:15to sit together at each meal.

01:40:17Juliet mentioned that they had

01:40:19had wonderful moments together

01:40:21on the deck of the boat.

01:40:23She also wrote that the people

01:40:25on board were generally kind.

01:40:27Although some sources,

01:40:29due to their origins,

01:40:31did not mention the fact that

01:40:33the Titanic's radio telegraphists

01:40:35had been warned of the ice drift

01:40:37by the neighboring ships,

01:40:39the deck continued to advance

01:40:41at full speed.

01:40:43It was around 11.40 p.m.

01:40:45when the Titanic's hull

01:40:47ended up hitting an iceberg

01:40:49about 600 km off the coast of Newfoundland.

01:40:51The ship, practically unsubmersible,

01:40:53was severely devoid of lifeboats.

01:40:55Only half of its 2,200 passengers

01:40:57could fit on board.

01:40:59The closest ship,

01:41:01the Carpathia, was then

01:41:03far too far away to come to its aid.

01:41:05A steward woke up the family

01:41:07and took them to the lifeboats,

01:41:09as Juliet would later remember.

01:41:11She did not speak a word of English,

01:41:13and everything that was happening

01:41:15seemed all the more frightening to her.

01:41:17Shortly after midnight, the crew

01:41:19received the order to give priority

01:41:21to women and children

01:41:23when boarding the canoes.

01:41:25Juliet would later remember

01:41:27that she had been

01:41:29forced to leave

01:41:31the canoes

01:41:33to find a place to stay.

01:41:35At some point,

01:41:37she even feared

01:41:39that her daughter

01:41:41would be taken away

01:41:43and thrown into the sea.

01:41:45A moment later,

01:41:47she had joined

01:41:49little Simone

01:41:51in the same vacant place.

01:41:53Juliet, pregnant,

01:41:55was eager to see them all again in New York.

01:41:57Joseph Laroche, 25,

01:41:59could not speak.

01:42:01In a few hours, the Titanic

01:42:03had sunk into the waters,

01:42:05taking the lives of nearly 1,500 people.

01:42:07Joseph was one of them.

01:42:09Juliet and her daughters

01:42:11were among the 700 survivors

01:42:13who were rescued by the Carpathia lifeboat

01:42:15a few hours later.

01:42:17Once in New York,

01:42:19they searched among the crowd

01:42:21hoping to find Joseph.

01:42:23When they did not,

01:42:25it was time for her to decide

01:42:27what to do and where to go.

01:42:29Without the slightest knowledge of English

01:42:31and their money having flowed

01:42:33with the ship,

01:42:35Juliet managed to survive

01:42:37only three weeks in America

01:42:39and had no choice

01:42:41but to return to France.

01:42:43Joseph's uncle was no longer

01:42:45able to help anyone,

01:42:47an attack that ended

01:42:49only four months

01:42:51later.

01:42:53Until the end of her life,

01:42:55she could not recover

01:42:57from the loss of her beloved husband.

01:42:59That is why she did not like to talk

01:43:01about what could have happened

01:43:03on the Titanic and asked her children

01:43:05to never mention it.

01:43:07In 1995, a member of the Titanic

01:43:09Historical Society interviewed Louise.

01:43:11She was the last child of Laroche

01:43:13still alive and the last French

01:43:15survivor of the shipwreck.

01:43:17It was at this moment that the world

01:43:19was torn apart.

01:43:21She inspired a few plays

01:43:23and many articles,

01:43:25but never received the same attention

01:43:27as the stories of some other passengers.

01:43:29You probably remember the couple

01:43:31of elderly people sleeping together

01:43:33in their bed aboard the Titanic.

01:43:35He was inspired by Isidore

01:43:37and Ida Strauss.

01:43:39Both were born in Germany

01:43:41and had decided to emigrate

01:43:43to the United States

01:43:45when they were still children.

01:43:47They left New York

01:43:49for New York,

01:43:51where Isidore and Ida

01:43:53were known

01:43:55not only for their opulence

01:43:57and good heart,

01:43:59but also for their love

01:44:01and devotion to each other.

01:44:03In 1912, the couple decided

01:44:05to flee the New York winter

01:44:07and head for Europe.

01:44:09At that time,

01:44:11they had been married for 40 years.

01:44:13In early April,

01:44:15Isidore and Ida

01:44:17left New York

01:44:19for New York.

01:44:21It was an extraordinary

01:44:23trip,

01:44:25but at the time,

01:44:27they could not resist

01:44:29the excitement

01:44:31for this new luxury boat,

01:44:33the RMS Titanic.

01:44:35This is how they found themselves

01:44:37in one of the first class private suites

01:44:39located on the upper deck of the ship.

01:44:41The Strauss couple

01:44:43stayed in the private suite

01:44:45and waited for the crew's instructions.

01:44:47They were recommended

01:44:49not to lose their passport

01:44:51because they would need it

01:44:53when everyone was going ashore.

01:44:55But the ship was darkening.

01:44:57The couple was next

01:44:59to the rescue boat number 8

01:45:01and Mr. Strauss,

01:45:03who was 67 at the time,

01:45:05quickly offered a seat

01:45:07with his wife

01:45:09because of his advanced age.

01:45:11It was clear that no child

01:45:13was left to be abandoned.

01:45:15Ellen Bird,

01:45:17Ida's maid,

01:45:19hesitated to climb

01:45:21aboard the rescue boat,

01:45:23but Ida ordered her to go.

01:45:25She then made the difficult decision

01:45:27not to leave her husband

01:45:29alone on the ship

01:45:31sinking.

01:45:33Ida took off her beautiful

01:45:35visor coat and gave it

01:45:37to her servant,

01:45:39but some first-class passengers

01:45:41will remember later

01:45:43to have seen the couple

01:45:45holding hands peacefully

01:45:47on the deck,

01:45:49just waiting for the inevitable.

01:45:51It was 11.39

01:45:53when the Titanic's watch

01:45:55shouted Iceberg straight ahead.

01:45:57The measures taken quickly

01:45:59on the bridge to reduce speed

01:46:01and modify the ship's hull

01:46:03were useless.

01:46:05And you already know the end of the story.

01:46:07The Titanic sank

01:46:09in 1912.

01:46:11GPS and meteorological

01:46:13satellites did not exist

01:46:15at the time.

01:46:17Ships had to be there

01:46:19to warn each other

01:46:21of the location of the icebergs.

01:46:23What confidence it was necessary to have.

01:46:25It was then that the

01:46:27Titanic disaster occurred.

01:46:29A real disaster

01:46:31that encouraged specialists

01:46:33to create an organization

01:46:35to prevent this kind of accident

01:46:37from happening again.

01:46:39A year later,

01:46:41they created the International Ice Patrol,

01:46:43or IAP in abbreviation.

01:46:47Even today,

01:46:49this group is in charge of warning

01:46:51ships of the dangerous presence of ice

01:46:53on their way.

01:46:55The BP has improved its methods

01:46:57over the years, using both ships

01:46:59as well as aircraft patrols

01:47:01and satellite imaging.

01:47:03A floating device

01:47:05that provides real-time information

01:47:07on ocean conditions

01:47:09up to 50 meters deep

01:47:11to predict the potential drift of icebergs.

01:47:13And the IAP does an excellent job

01:47:15to reduce collisions

01:47:17between ships and icebergs.

01:47:19But you always have to stay on your toes

01:47:21because the most advanced

01:47:23detection equipment cannot prevent

01:47:25all unfortunate situations.

01:47:27Between 1980

01:47:29and 2005, there were

01:47:3157 incidents involving

01:47:33ships and icebergs.

01:47:35And the truth

01:47:37is that today's boats

01:47:39are more likely to hit

01:47:41an iceberg than the Titanic.

01:47:43According to research,

01:47:451,038 icebergs

01:47:47crossed the area where the Titanic

01:47:49sank in 1912.

01:47:51You might think it's a lot,

01:47:53but scientists don't care.

01:47:55It's true,

01:47:57it's a bit high,

01:47:59but it's not a big deal.

01:48:01Today,

01:48:03the number of large icebergs

01:48:05is increasing

01:48:07because of the fast-flowing glaciers

01:48:09in Greenland.

01:48:11And as more and more ships

01:48:13are sailing towards the polar waters,

01:48:15the risk of collision is rising.

01:48:17But the real danger

01:48:19are the invisible enemies,

01:48:21the fragments of glaciers.

01:48:23The pieces of glaciers

01:48:25are small icebergs

01:48:27the size of a house door.

01:48:29The small icebergs, as for them,

01:48:31are comparable in size to a bus.

01:48:33These icebergs seem harmless,

01:48:35but they can cause problems

01:48:37because they are generally totally

01:48:39invisible to radars and satellites.

01:48:41What happens when a large modern

01:48:43cruise ship hits one of these

01:48:45small icebergs?

01:48:47Here is the Norwegian Sun,

01:48:49a luxurious cruise ship

01:48:51similar to the Titanic,

01:48:53with a capacity of 2400 passengers

01:48:55and more than 900 crew members.

01:48:57In June 2022,

01:48:59this cruise ship was sailing

01:49:01towards the Eubard glacier in Alaska

01:49:03when it found itself in the middle

01:49:05of a thick fog.

01:49:07Suddenly, these passengers felt a great shock

01:49:09and terror invaded them

01:49:11while violent shakes

01:49:13shook the ship.

01:49:15Once the fog dissipated,

01:49:17they realized what had happened.

01:49:19The Norwegian Sun had collided

01:49:21with a small iceberg,

01:49:23the tragic loss of its famous ancestor.

01:49:25Fortunately, no one was injured

01:49:27and the passengers and crew

01:49:29were able to land in Alaska without trouble.

01:49:31Divers checked the state of the ship

01:49:33and found that it had suffered

01:49:35some damage after the collision.

01:49:37The rest of the trip

01:49:39was therefore canceled.

01:49:43But don't worry

01:49:45about your next trip to the Atlantic

01:49:47because accidents like that of the

01:49:49Norwegian Sun are really rare.

01:49:51It is common for ships to come into contact

01:49:53with ice.

01:49:55What is less common is that it is a problem.

01:49:57Most modern cruise ships

01:49:59do not suffer any damage

01:50:01during these unexpected encounters

01:50:03and there is a reason for that.

01:50:05The steel used in the construction of the Titanic

01:50:07played an important role

01:50:09in the disaster.

01:50:11The insubmersible ship, after all,

01:50:13was not that resistant.

01:50:15The Titanic's hull was built

01:50:17with about 2000 plates of steel

01:50:19which were said to have been produced

01:50:21in an open-air furnace.

01:50:23As a result, the steel contained

01:50:25a high concentration of phosphorus, oxygen and sulfur.

01:50:27These elements made the steel

01:50:29brittle at low temperatures

01:50:31which made it fragile in terms of impact.

01:50:35Although the steel used on the Titanic

01:50:37was of the best quality available at the time,

01:50:39it did not meet the safety standards

01:50:41of modern ships

01:50:43and it was about ten times less solid

01:50:45than the one used by today's ships.

01:50:49But the most important difference

01:50:51between the Titanic and modern ships

01:50:53lies in the assembly of the hull.

01:50:55Indeed,

01:50:57more than three million rivets

01:50:59were used to assemble the hull

01:51:01and the structure of the Titanic's upper deck.

01:51:03Thus, when the iceberg hit,

01:51:05the rivets triggered a chain reaction

01:51:07causing the simultaneous collapse

01:51:09of an entire section of the hull

01:51:11which led to an uncontrollable

01:51:13flood of water.

01:51:15On the other hand, modern ships

01:51:17use a method called

01:51:19submerged bow welding

01:51:21which merges the edges of the metal parts

01:51:23and thus allows to obtain

01:51:25a continuous and solid surface.

01:51:27This method is safer

01:51:29because if a part of the ship is damaged,

01:51:31the tear will not spread

01:51:33which would aggravate the situation.

01:51:35The damage remains circumscribed

01:51:37to the impact zone.

01:51:39Small icebergs are therefore

01:51:41more and more frequent

01:51:43and ships have been adapted

01:51:45What would happen

01:51:47if a huge cruise ship hit an iceberg

01:51:49the size of a five-story building?

01:51:51Imagine that we have just

01:51:53created the largest cruise ship in the world.

01:51:55Let's call it

01:51:57the Sympathlantic.

01:51:59Our floating station is huge,

01:52:01four times larger than the Statue of Liberty.

01:52:03It exceeds the Titanic

01:52:05by 97 meters

01:52:07and carries three times more passengers

01:52:09and crew members.

01:52:11And, just like the Titanic,

01:52:13this fictitious ship can sail

01:52:15at a maximum speed of about 23 knots.

01:52:17Now, imagine the following scenario.

01:52:19The Sympathlantic

01:52:21sails at full speed in glacial waters.

01:52:23It is the middle of the night

01:52:25and the captain does not realize

01:52:27that the iceberg detection equipment

01:52:29does not work.

01:52:31It has not worked for three days.

01:52:33There is a lot of fog

01:52:35and the watch does not notice

01:52:37the iceberg of seven meters

01:52:39standing in front of them.

01:52:41If this situation occurred

01:52:43and the ship hit the iceberg

01:52:45at full speed, it could lead to a shipwreck.

01:52:47But you can see

01:52:49that it is very unlikely, right?

01:52:51This is why experts

01:52:53are quite convinced that the ice

01:52:55does not risk making modern cruise ships sink.

01:52:57It is also worth mentioning

01:52:59that security measures

01:53:01have improved since the Titanic.

01:53:03A modern ship will take days to sink.

01:53:05Those who leave enough time

01:53:07to evacuate everyone.

01:53:09Crews are better prepared

01:53:11to handle emergency procedures.

01:53:13And passengers should also

01:53:15follow a training before departure.

01:53:17I know, I know, everything.

01:53:19What we want is to rest

01:53:21on the shore of the pool with a lemonade.

01:53:23But as you know,

01:53:25it is all these measures

01:53:27that have prevented the passengers

01:53:29of the MS Explorer from suffering

01:53:31the same fate as those of the Titanic.

01:53:33In 2007,

01:53:35the 154 people on board

01:53:37the cruise ship managed

01:53:39to climb into rescue canoes

01:53:41after the ship hit an iceberg

01:53:43in Antarctica.

01:53:45Imagine their panic.

01:53:47They had to wait for the rescue

01:53:49for four long hours.

01:53:51The crew did an excellent job

01:53:53to ensure safety.

01:53:55There is no doubt about it.

01:53:57But a report published two years later

01:53:59indicates that the accident

01:54:01of the MS Explorer

01:54:03was caused by the inexperience

01:54:05of the people on board.

01:54:07In 2007,

01:54:09the 154 people

01:54:11on board the cruise ship

01:54:13managed to climb into rescue canoes

01:54:15after the ship hit an iceberg

01:54:17in Antarctica.

01:54:19Imagine their panic.

01:54:21They had to wait for the rescue

01:54:23for four long hours.

01:54:25The crew did an excellent job

01:54:27to ensure safety.

01:54:29No doubt about it.

01:54:31But a report published two years later

01:54:33was caused by the inexperience of the captain,

01:54:36who would have pushed the ship at high speed against a real ice wall.

01:54:41In 2017, more than 25 million people boarded cruise ships around the world.

01:54:46It may seem little, but it's more than the population of Belgium.

01:54:51For many, it is the assurance of successful holidays,

01:54:54with an additional bonus, the possibility to test, in one trip,

01:54:57several different destinations for future holidays.

01:55:01If you have already booked your trip on a cruise ship,

01:55:03but you still have no idea what you have to bring,

01:55:05start by doing research on the specific stops of your cruise.

01:55:09Whatever it is, make sure to bring shoes suitable for the bridge and heel.

01:55:14Also add a pair of comfortable shoes to walk over long distances.

01:55:17For the days spent on land.

01:55:20Depending on the season, you can also add a few swimsuits.

01:55:24If you have to bring drugs, whatever they are,

01:55:26make sure to leave them in their original packaging.

01:55:30And if you don't have a lot of spare clothes, don't worry,

01:55:32most cruise ships are equipped with laundry.

01:55:35The service is a bit expensive,

01:55:36especially if you want your clothes to be washed, ironed and folded.

01:55:40But this prevents you from having to carry too many things,

01:55:42or have to wash them yourself.

01:55:47Before boarding a ship, it is important to contact your bank,

01:55:50even more so if your itinerary includes one or more foreign countries.

01:55:55Your bank card could be blocked

01:55:57if there is an unusual activity on your account.

01:56:01Most banks have algorithms that trigger

01:56:03as soon as fees from different countries are transferred quickly.

01:56:07Which is exactly what will happen on a cruise ship.

01:56:11Notifying them in advance prevents you from seeing your card rejected in a fancy restaurant.

01:56:21To ensure you get the best cabin,

01:56:23check the plan of the ship before booking it.

01:56:26It should be available on the company's website.

01:56:28If it is the peace and tranquility you are looking for,

01:56:30do not opt for cabins located directly above or below one of the entertainment points.

01:56:36Likewise, if you are used to having seasickness,

01:56:38try to avoid cabins at the front of the ship.

01:56:43Choose the one in the middle, on a lower deck.

01:56:46You will feel less the movements.

01:56:50If this is the first time you go on a cruise,

01:56:52you may be surprised to learn that some cabins do not have windows.

01:56:56Before booking, make sure to check all the amenities of the cabin you are looking for.

01:57:01Most cruise ships add a lot of photos of the common rooms on their booking page.

01:57:06And it can be a bit confusing to know what you will get exactly for a given price.

01:57:11In addition, some cabins are quite small.

01:57:15If you do not like sleeping in small spaces,

01:57:17you should opt for a larger cabin,

01:57:19even if it is a little more expensive.

01:57:22You can always try to share the price with a friend who would join you for the cruise.

01:57:27Thanks to modern technology, even if a place on the ship is devoid of windows,

01:57:31this does not mean that you cannot enjoy the landscape.

01:57:34How is this possible?

01:57:36Because the most sophisticated cruise packages have a secret bonus.

01:57:39In areas without access to sunlight, virtual balconies have been installed.

01:57:44These high-tech screens work by showing you what is happening outside in real time.

01:57:49They also have an additional advantage.

01:57:51In case of bad weather, passengers can still have a feeling of being outside,

01:57:55without the wind or rain disrupting them or wetting them.

01:58:00It may not be as good as a real window,

01:58:02but it is always better than suffering from claustrophobia.

01:58:08You plan to do a cruise at a low price?

01:58:10It may not be such a bad idea.

01:58:12Especially if you are aware of the last-minute promotions.

01:58:16You may even end up spending your holidays like a millionaire without having to spend a lot.

01:58:21Overrides sometimes include options such as a private balcony in your cabin,

01:58:25or a spa access,

01:58:27or even better prices for high-end meals.

01:58:31If they are not all booked when people board the ship,

01:58:34they can be opened for the rest of the passengers,

01:58:36at much higher prices than initially indicated.

01:58:41There are also free things hidden on board if you pay close attention.

01:58:44Things like free pastries at the end of the morning,

01:58:48or a cup of tea offered at the end of the afternoon.

01:58:52Sometimes you just have to ask.

01:58:55Do not hesitate to observe what the other passengers are doing.

01:58:58Some people with more experience of the cruise can offer you advice and very interesting tips.

01:59:02Do not be afraid to engage the conversation if you see someone getting something for free.

01:59:09Some cruise ships go as far as fantasy.

01:59:12They have exclusive areas designed for passengers staying in the expensive suites.

01:59:18Most of the time, they are located at the top of the ship.

01:59:21On a particular cruise company,

01:59:23its passengers have members of the reserve staff called Royal Genies,

01:59:27who are similar to majordoms.

01:59:30They only take care of a few cabins.

01:59:33As the cruise company wants to prevent other passengers from asking too many questions

01:59:37that would waste their time,

01:59:39these genies do not wear badges in public areas.

01:59:47Most of the common areas of cruise ships require that the passengers follow a dress code.

01:59:51But if you do your research in advance,

01:59:53you may discover that some areas are more relaxed

01:59:56in terms of what people should wear.

01:59:59Most cruise ships ask people to wear a smart outfit,

02:00:03which means pants with a collar shirt for men,

02:00:06and a skirt, a dress or an elegant pants for women.

02:00:11As far as travel destinations are concerned,

02:00:13make sure to do your research in advance on the ports you are going to visit.

02:00:17You will know what to wear, what the climate will be like,

02:00:20and if you want to bring something else, like an umbrella or a beach towel.

02:00:25Cruise stops only last a few hours in most cases,

02:00:28so you will want to make the most of it.

02:00:31If a particular place includes museums or art galleries that you want to add to your list,

02:00:35make sure to book in advance

02:00:37so as not to waste time queuing.

02:00:45Some cruise ships even offer their passengers private visits to the ports where they will stop.

02:00:50Make sure to book them in advance if you are interested,

02:00:53because the list is quickly filled.

02:00:57These private visits allow you to spend more time with the guide

02:01:00and ask him more questions.

02:01:05Never forget to put your phone in airplane mode when you are on board.

02:01:09Most of the unfortunate stories on cruise ships

02:01:11involve beginners who ended up paying thousands of euros in mobile phone fees

02:01:15while they were on their boat,

02:01:17simply because they forgot to turn it off.

02:01:19If you are the kind of person who can't do without his phone,

02:01:22make sure to check with your phone provider before going abroad.

02:01:27Some can offer special plans for limited time,

02:01:30without additional fees.

02:01:32You will be free to chat, call or watch YouTube videos

02:01:35without having to worry about paying a fortune.

02:01:38Most cruise ships also offer free Wi-Fi

02:01:41or Wi-Fi coupons to be purchased in advance,

02:01:44which are much more affordable.

02:01:47You will then be able to at least communicate with your friends and family.

02:01:54People who have heard of the Titanic disaster

02:01:56always wonder what could happen if something went wrong on board.

02:02:01Let's take the lifeboats for example.

02:02:04The Titanic had only 20 lifeboats on board,

02:02:06which tragically were not enough to accommodate all the passengers

02:02:09after the ship hit the iceberg.

02:02:13Nowadays, some luxury cruise ships

02:02:15have an even more limited number of lifeboats,

02:02:18between 15 and 18.

02:02:20Does this seem strange to you?

02:02:21Well, not really,

02:02:22since each lifeboat can actually accommodate up to 370 people.

02:02:27Even the largest ships,

02:02:28which have a capacity estimated at 8,000 people,

02:02:31if they are complete,

02:02:32passengers and staff included,

02:02:34have sufficient capacity in the event of an emergency.

02:02:43John watched the incredible scene

02:02:45as he drifted slowly on a piece of wood

02:02:47in the icy waters of the Arctic.

02:02:50John saw the ship on which he had worked and lived,

02:02:54his huge bow rising to the sky,

02:02:56then breaking in two,

02:02:58causing a noise that only thunder could equal.

02:03:02Disemboweled and stunned,

02:03:04he believed that he, and only him,

02:03:06knew the dark truth behind the disappearance of the unsinkable ship.

02:03:12The Titanic.

02:03:13Five days earlier,

02:03:14while the Titanic was setting sail for its inaugural voyage,

02:03:18John was working hard alongside his colleagues

02:03:20in the coal soup,

02:03:21stocking coal to feed the powerful Titanic stove.

02:03:25They had stocked more coal than John had ever seen

02:03:28on any other ship he had worked on.

02:03:31But it was the Titanic,

02:03:32the largest ship ever sailed on the seas.

02:03:35On the Titanic, there could never be too much coal.

02:03:39As he left Belfast and headed for Southampton,

02:03:42a large detonation occurred under the bridges,

02:03:45which passed almost unnoticed.

02:03:47The stove was roaring,

02:03:48and the turbines were turbining,

02:03:50making the Titanic move at an accelerated pace.

02:03:53The crew was screaming as the ship moved forward,

02:03:56unaware of the deafening noise surrounding its departure.

02:03:59In Southampton,

02:04:01Greg was on board,

02:04:02among hundreds of other passengers.

02:04:05At the age of 13,

02:04:06his vast experience included

02:04:08the role of quartermaster on six previous ships,

02:04:11ready to take on a new challenge

02:04:13aboard the largest ship ever built.

02:04:16He was eager to take on a new challenge in his career.

02:04:20Greg arrived with a great experience

02:04:22including navigation in the Arctic.

02:04:25His role was essential to the crew,

02:04:27including the seas around the North Pole.

02:04:30He would be a key figure

02:04:31as he was about to embark on the perilous journey

02:04:34of the icebergs.

02:04:36Greg had some concerns about the journey.

02:04:39The Earth's orbit was remarkably close to the Sun and the Moon,

02:04:43which caused larger tides.

02:04:45This would make the icebergs more prominent,

02:04:48making them drift closer to the Titanic's route

02:04:51during his trip to New York.

02:04:53While inspecting the geyser tower

02:04:55and the available equipment,

02:04:57Greg did not find any binoculars.

02:04:59This worried him,

02:05:00but the sailors were content to laugh at it.

02:05:02If the bar is ice-cold,

02:05:03we won't miss picking up an iceberg

02:05:05to replenish ourselves,

02:05:07said a smiling sailor.

02:05:08Greg did not share this lightness.

02:05:10Desiring to discover why they had been left

02:05:12in a state of emergency

02:05:14in such a vital role on the ship,

02:05:16Greg investigated more.

02:05:18Unfortunately,

02:05:19the officer who had the keys to the binoculars

02:05:21had been blown away by the crew

02:05:23at the last minute.

02:05:25Greg could not believe

02:05:26that an element of such importance

02:05:28could have been forgotten.

02:05:29For a ship as powerful

02:05:30with so many people on board

02:05:32and embarking on a particularly dangerous itinerary,

02:05:35it made no sense.

02:05:37But for fear of being set up

02:05:38to have violated the ship's ownership,

02:05:41Greg dropped it

02:05:42hoping that he would not need binoculars.

02:05:45In the end,

02:05:46if icebergs were expected,

02:05:47a warning would be given to the captain

02:05:49informing him of any potential danger.

02:05:51Greg was far from suspecting

02:05:53that the warning had indeed been issued,

02:05:56notifying the dangers that awaited them,

02:05:58but that the telegram did not include

02:06:00the required prefix

02:06:01which had to ensure

02:06:02a direct delivery to the captain.

02:06:04The crucial warning was therefore neglected.

02:06:07Under the deck,

02:06:08John and his team were preparing at the start

02:06:10by powering the engines.

02:06:12He noticed a thick exhaust gas residue,

02:06:15much too heavy to come from the furlough.

02:06:17The crew searched everywhere,

02:06:18in the lower decks.

02:06:20After a thorough search,

02:06:22they managed to locate the cause of the gas residue.

02:06:24It was a pile of burning coal

02:06:26in a coal pit,

02:06:28without anyone knowing

02:06:29when it had caught fire.

02:06:30An accumulation of coal

02:06:31had manifestly caved in,

02:06:33slowly increasing in size.

02:06:35The amount of coal that was caving in

02:06:36was worrying.

02:06:38The alarm was triggered,

02:06:39alerting an agent

02:06:40to examine the matter.

02:06:42The officer assessed the damage

02:06:43and confirmed to the captain

02:06:45that they were judged to be unconcerned,

02:06:47as only minor damage

02:06:48had been caused.

02:06:49John was not convinced

02:06:50by this assessment,

02:06:52because he knew

02:06:53that in confined spaces

02:06:54surrounded by iron bars,

02:06:56an environment similar to an oven was being created

02:06:58that intensified the heat over time.

02:07:00The Titanic continued to move forward,

02:07:02which made no sense to John,

02:07:04as he had just left St. Hampton.

02:07:06He was convinced

02:07:07that they were going to turn around.

02:07:09John and his team

02:07:10had already received the order

02:07:11to pellet the coal

02:07:12already burned in the furnace

02:07:14and to continue

02:07:15until the smoking content

02:07:16was consumed.

02:07:18It was a meticulous task

02:07:19that could take the whole trip.

02:07:21The continuous supply of coal

02:07:22would make sure

02:07:23that the turbines

02:07:24turned at a constant and accelerated rate,

02:07:26which was not why

02:07:27the Titanic had been designed.

02:07:29It was intended

02:07:30to be a luxury boat

02:07:32and not to break speed records.

02:07:34However,

02:07:35the world would be excited

02:07:36to see the Titanic

02:07:37not only as insubmersible,

02:07:39but also as the fastest boat pack.

02:07:41John and his team

02:07:42continued to pellet the coal

02:07:43in the furnace

02:07:44for several days.

02:07:46The temperature inside the well

02:07:47increased every day.

02:07:49The heat contained in the cloisonne

02:07:51was so strong

02:07:52that the latter had weakened

02:07:54where the walls joined

02:07:56and the levels drifted into iron.

02:07:58Two more days!

02:07:59Just two more days!

02:08:01John laughed,

02:08:02trying to cheer up

02:08:03his colleagues

02:08:04who worked relentlessly.

02:08:05But as he laughed,

02:08:06he joked

02:08:07and was eager

02:08:08to return to the mainland,

02:08:09they approached

02:08:10without knowing

02:08:11their last rest.

02:08:12The Titanic

02:08:13was sailing

02:08:14at full speed

02:08:15on a calm sea.

02:08:16Greg looked in front of him,

02:08:17at the top

02:08:18of the tower of Gey,

02:08:19keeping an eye

02:08:20because they were now

02:08:21in the territory of Iceberg.

02:08:23Even if the way was free,

02:08:24false horizons

02:08:25could occur,

02:08:26creating confusion

02:08:27about the real distance

02:08:28of the objects in the distance.

02:08:29As they traveled

02:08:30in the waters of the Gulf Stream

02:08:31to the colder current

02:08:32of Labrador,

02:08:33the air columns

02:08:34could cool down

02:08:35from the bottom up,

02:08:36creating a thermal inversion.

02:08:38This incredibly high

02:08:39atmospheric pressure

02:08:40warned of the presence

02:08:41of fog,

02:08:42offering a falsely clear view.

02:08:44But the thermal inversion

02:08:45can also create

02:08:46optical illusions

02:08:47that show the horizon

02:08:48further away,

02:08:49appearing higher

02:08:50in the distance

02:08:51and mask any object

02:08:52that could precede it.

02:08:53These false horizons

02:08:54easily hide icebergs

02:08:55approaching.

02:08:56Greg knew the dangers

02:08:57of a calm sea

02:08:58in the Arctic,

02:08:59preferring agitated waters

02:09:00where it is easier

02:09:01to detect icebergs

02:09:02through the waves.

02:09:03From above his watch,

02:09:04he looked

02:09:05at the dark abyss

02:09:06that was in front of him.

02:09:07Suddenly,

02:09:081.5 kilometers straight

02:09:09in front of him,

02:09:10a gigantic shape

02:09:11suddenly emerged

02:09:12from the surrounding

02:09:13dark waters.

02:09:14« Iceberg right in front ! »

02:09:15shouted Greg

02:09:16to his colleague

02:09:17who quickly called the bar

02:09:18and ordered them

02:09:19to go all the way

02:09:20to Tribor.

02:09:21The steward

02:09:22received the call.

02:09:23In the fire of action,

02:09:24he turned the wheel

02:09:25in the opposite direction

02:09:26of the needles

02:09:27of a watch.

02:09:28These conventions

02:09:29being relatively recent,

02:09:30he realized

02:09:31that he had turned

02:09:32the wheel

02:09:33in the wrong direction

02:09:34and quickly took

02:09:35the opposite direction.

02:09:36The ship

02:09:37headed towards the iceberg,

02:09:38turning on the low side

02:09:39while reducing

02:09:40its speed.

02:09:41Although there was

02:09:42a delay

02:09:43to turn the wheel,

02:09:44it may not have made

02:09:45a difference

02:09:46given the short distance

02:09:47and the speed

02:09:48at which it was sailing.

02:09:49As they approached

02:09:50the iceberg,

02:09:51it seemed

02:09:52that they were going

02:09:53to be able

02:09:54to bypass it

02:09:55but more than 87%

02:09:56of the volume

02:09:57of an iceberg

02:09:58is submerged.

02:09:59And as they arrived

02:10:00on the side,

02:10:01the ice

02:10:02hidden under the surface

02:10:03of the iceberg

02:10:04began to melt.

02:10:05The ship

02:10:06was shaking

02:10:07and everyone

02:10:08on board

02:10:09understood

02:10:10that something

02:10:11was happening.

02:10:12But in the confusion

02:10:13and fear,

02:10:14they were not aware

02:10:15of the damage.

02:10:16As they regained

02:10:17their senses,

02:10:186 of the 16 compartments

02:10:19were quickly filled

02:10:20with water.

02:10:21The ship

02:10:22could only lose

02:10:234 compartments

02:10:24before sinking.

02:10:25Time passed

02:10:26as the Titanic

02:10:27began its descent

02:10:28into the depths.

02:10:29The cloisonne,

02:10:30weakened

02:10:31by the pillars

02:10:32of the iceberg,

02:10:33broke under the pressure

02:10:34and the sudden change

02:10:35of the temperature

02:10:36of the frozen water.

02:10:37The call

02:10:38was made

02:10:39to abandon the ship.

02:10:40The lifeboats

02:10:41were prepared

02:10:42to be put

02:10:43in the water

02:10:44while distress signals

02:10:45were sent

02:10:46to the nearby ship.

02:10:47The radio operator

02:10:48was seated

02:10:49and called

02:10:50without delay

02:10:51a nearby ship

02:10:52that had been

02:10:53in contact

02:10:54with the Titanic

02:10:55shortly before.

02:10:56There had been

02:10:57a constant communication

02:10:58with this ship

02:10:59over the last few days,

02:11:00providing warnings

02:11:01about the iceberg

02:11:02since the Titanic

02:11:03had left

02:11:04Southampton.

02:11:05The last warning

02:11:06received

02:11:07was just an hour.

02:11:08Upon receiving

02:11:09the last warning,

02:11:10the operator

02:11:11had responded

02:11:12with a contemptuous

02:11:13« shut up »,

02:11:14assuming

02:11:15that these warnings

02:11:16were essentially useless.

02:11:17Following this

02:11:18awkward response,

02:11:19the other ship

02:11:20observed a radio silence.

02:11:21The nearest ship

02:11:22to respond

02:11:23to their distress signals

02:11:24was 800 km away.

02:11:25Too far

02:11:26to provide

02:11:27any help.

02:11:28In time and time,

02:11:29the ship

02:11:30had made

02:11:31innumerable mistakes

02:11:32and caused

02:11:33the tragic end

02:11:34of the Titanic

02:11:35either deliberately

02:11:36or out of ignorance.

02:11:37The most terrible

02:11:38of them

02:11:39was the number

02:11:40of people

02:11:41on board

02:11:42the ship

02:11:43of 1,224 people.

02:11:44However,

02:11:45there were only

02:11:46two lifeboats

02:11:47to save,

02:11:481,178,

02:11:49which is

02:11:50barely half.

02:11:5710th April, 1912

02:11:59You are on

02:12:00the Atlantic coast

02:12:01in a small port city.

02:12:03Hundreds of people

02:12:04are about to embark

02:12:05with you

02:12:06aboard the immense

02:12:07and majestic

02:12:08Titanic.

02:12:09It is three times

02:12:10longer than

02:12:11the Statue of Liberty.

02:12:12This ship,

02:12:13known to be

02:12:14unsinkable,

02:12:15is considered

02:12:16the most advanced

02:12:17ship of its time.

02:12:18You can see

02:12:19hundreds of hulls

02:12:20on its deck

02:12:21and the inscription

02:12:22« Titanic »

02:12:23shines on

02:12:24its huge hull.

02:12:25That day,

02:12:26the famous lifeboat

02:12:27began its first

02:12:28and last voyage

02:12:29from Southampton

02:12:30to New York.

02:12:31But now,

02:12:32you are going

02:12:33to see

02:12:34another story.

02:12:35You hear a crew member

02:12:36announcing

02:12:37the beginning

02:12:38of the Titanic's voyage.

02:12:39This time,

02:12:40he will sail

02:12:41from Africa

02:12:42to Bermuda

02:12:43and the cause

02:12:44of his shipwreck

02:12:45will not be

02:12:46an iceberg at all.

02:12:47For four days,

02:12:48the Titanic sails

02:12:49in the waters

02:12:50of the North Atlantic.

02:12:51The sun warms

02:12:52the ship so much

02:12:53that during the day,

02:12:54all passengers

02:12:55stay inside.

02:12:56It is only in the evening

02:12:57when the cool breeze

02:12:58descends on the ocean

02:12:59that all people

02:13:00go out on the deck

02:13:01to watch

02:13:02the magnificent sunset.

02:13:03April 15th,

02:13:04midnight.

02:13:05You are sitting

02:13:06in your cabin

02:13:07reading.

02:13:08Usually,

02:13:09you sleep at this time

02:13:10but here

02:13:11you only

02:13:12browse the pages

02:13:13one after the other.

02:13:14You close your book

02:13:15and look around you.

02:13:16You have the impression

02:13:17that someone is watching you.

02:13:18You get up,

02:13:19you have cold sweats.

02:13:20An inexplicable

02:13:21feeling of anxiety

02:13:22impregnates your body

02:13:23and makes you shiver.

02:13:24You look through

02:13:25the window

02:13:26of the cabin

02:13:27on which the ocean's

02:13:28embankments

02:13:29come to stick together

02:13:30but you see nothing.

02:13:31There is just

02:13:32a thick fog outside.

02:13:33You get out of your cabin.

02:13:34Several passengers

02:13:35have also left their beds

02:13:36due to a strange

02:13:37feeling of danger.

02:13:38They greet you

02:13:39and ask you

02:13:40what is wrong

02:13:41but no one knows.

02:13:42You head towards

02:13:43the stairs

02:13:44to get out

02:13:45on the deck.

02:13:46At this moment,

02:13:47the ground

02:13:48falls under your feet.

02:13:49A strong shock

02:13:50and you

02:13:51fall down

02:13:52on the floor

02:13:53of the ship.

02:13:54A rumbling

02:13:55resonates

02:13:56throughout the ship.

02:13:57You get up

02:13:58and you see

02:13:59everyone

02:14:00get out of their cabins.

02:14:01You run down

02:14:02the stairs

02:14:03and meet

02:14:04a crew member.

02:14:05He says nothing

02:14:06but his eyes

02:14:07are full of fear.

02:14:08You get on the deck

02:14:09and can hardly

02:14:10see anything.

02:14:11A thick fog

02:14:12has settled

02:14:13on the ship.

02:14:14Several passengers

02:14:15hold their heads

02:14:16as if they had a migraine.

02:14:17You see the captain

02:14:18and you ask him

02:14:19what is going on.

02:14:20He admits

02:14:21he has no idea

02:14:22where you are.

02:14:23He holds a compass

02:14:24in his hand

02:14:25and the arrow

02:14:26turns in all directions.

02:14:27It is impossible

02:14:28to determine

02:14:29where exactly

02:14:30the ship is.

02:14:31It is interesting

02:14:32to note

02:14:33that the Bermuda Triangle

02:14:34did not exist

02:14:35before 1964

02:14:36and that the first

02:14:37reports of disappearance

02:14:38in this area

02:14:39date back

02:14:40to the middle

02:14:41of the 19th century.

02:14:42Another shock.

02:14:43This time

02:14:44you stand up.

02:14:45It is as if

02:14:46something huge

02:14:47had hit the ship.

02:14:48You run

02:14:49towards the balustrade

02:14:50and look

02:14:51through the fog.

02:14:52Through the fog

02:14:53you see

02:14:54a huge

02:14:55shark fin.

02:14:56You do not see it

02:14:57entirely

02:14:58but from what you saw

02:14:59it looks

02:15:00to be as long

02:15:01as a train car.

02:15:02The shark

02:15:03moves away

02:15:04but after a few seconds

02:15:05you can see

02:15:06its fin again.

02:15:07It approaches

02:15:08the ship

02:15:09and grabs

02:15:10the iron hull

02:15:11in its huge jaws.

02:15:12The deck shakes.

02:15:13You can hear

02:15:14the metal creaking.

02:15:15It looks like

02:15:16this huge predator

02:15:17has just

02:15:18made a hole

02:15:19in the hull.

02:15:20Only one creature

02:15:21on the planet

02:15:22can do that.

02:15:23The Megalodon.

02:15:24It is an ancient

02:15:25marine predator

02:15:26that measured

02:15:27nearly 18 meters long.

02:15:28The Megalodon

02:15:29had no predator.

02:15:30It was at the top

02:15:31of the food chain.

02:15:32It is thought

02:15:33to have disappeared

02:15:34millions of years ago

02:15:35but the ocean

02:15:36has only been explored

02:15:375%.

02:15:38And it is there

02:15:39alive

02:15:40swimming in the mysterious

02:15:41waters

02:15:42of the Bermuda Triangle.

02:15:43Everyone

02:15:44panics on board.

02:15:45The people

02:15:46from the lower deck

02:15:47go upstairs.

02:15:48The Titanic

02:15:49slowly sinks

02:15:50and lies on the side.

02:15:51Everyone goes

02:15:52to the lifeboats

02:15:53but no one

02:15:54dares to go up

02:15:55until the monster

02:15:56roars.

02:15:57The bow

02:15:58of the ship

02:15:59sinks into the water.

02:16:00You are at the bottom

02:16:01and you see

02:16:02the Megalodon

02:16:03bite the hull

02:16:04again

02:16:05in steel.

02:16:06You shout

02:16:07to the passengers

02:16:08at the back

02:16:09that the Megalodon

02:16:10is busy

02:16:11and that they

02:16:12have time

02:16:13to evacuate.

02:16:14The first lifeboats

02:16:15go down to the water.

02:16:16Some passengers

02:16:17jump on board.

02:16:18Fortunately

02:16:19the water is

02:16:20much warmer

02:16:21than the place

02:16:22where the Titanic

02:16:23really sank.

02:16:24You put on

02:16:25a life jacket

02:16:26and you jump into the water.

02:16:27The Megalodon

02:16:28attacks the ship again

02:16:29and drags it

02:16:30into the depths.

02:16:31The smell of the

02:16:32kitchen of the lifeboat

02:16:33must have attracted it.

02:16:34You find yourself

02:16:35in the middle of debris

02:16:36and lifeboats.

02:16:37The fog

02:16:38finally rises.

02:16:39The starry sky

02:16:40illuminates

02:16:41the surface

02:16:42of the sea.

02:16:43People help you

02:16:44to get on

02:16:45a lifeboat.

02:16:46Everyone wants

02:16:47to get away

02:16:48as fast as possible

02:16:49from the dark boat.

02:16:50You see

02:16:51the huge shark

02:16:52swimming around

02:16:53the wreck.

02:16:54At this moment

02:16:55something distracts

02:16:56the predator

02:16:57that moves away.

02:16:58Half of the ship

02:16:59has sunk

02:17:00and the other part

02:17:01looks like a candle

02:17:02floating on the water.

02:17:03The ocean is calm.

02:17:04The sky is clear.

02:17:05There is no wind.

02:17:06On the side

02:17:07you see

02:17:08a huge wave

02:17:09growing behind

02:17:10the Titanic.

02:17:11It is about

02:17:1215 meters high

02:17:13or a five-story building.

02:17:14It overturns

02:17:15the ship

02:17:16as if it were

02:17:17a paper boat.

02:17:18The wave

02:17:19disappears in the water

02:17:20as quickly

02:17:21as it appeared.

02:17:22You have just

02:17:23witnessed

02:17:24a wave

02:17:25accelerating.

02:17:26This phenomenon

02:17:27occurs everywhere

02:17:28in the world.

02:17:29Gigantic waves

02:17:30appear suddenly,

02:17:31swallow up

02:17:32ships

02:17:33and disappear

02:17:34without leaving a trace.

02:17:35Scientists

02:17:36still have not

02:17:37determined

02:17:38their exact nature.

02:17:39But according to

02:17:40the most popular theory,

02:17:41these waves

02:17:42are formed

02:17:43by kinetic vampirism.

02:17:44According to

02:17:45some natural conditions,

02:17:46waves accumulate

02:17:47and exchange

02:17:48kinetic energy.

02:17:49Among all these waves,

02:17:50a vampire wave

02:17:51is formed

02:17:52that absorbs

02:17:53the energy

02:17:54of the others.

02:17:55When a large amount

02:17:56of energy

02:17:57is accumulated,

02:17:58a murdo

02:17:59is formed

02:18:00and discharges

02:18:01its power.

02:18:02Some people

02:18:03think that

02:18:04many ship

02:18:05disappearances

02:18:06in the Bermuda triangle

02:18:07are due to

02:18:08accelerating waves.

02:18:09The shipwreckers

02:18:10calm down.

02:18:11One of them

02:18:12is thrown into the sky.

02:18:13You scratch the ocean

02:18:14and you see

02:18:15the Megalodon's

02:18:16fins

02:18:17emerge from the water.

02:18:18It is the size

02:18:19of a sailboat

02:18:20and it rushes

02:18:21on you.

02:18:22You row

02:18:23as fast as possible.

02:18:24People call for help.

02:18:25There is

02:18:26no chance

02:18:27to escape.

02:18:28The monster

02:18:29gets closer

02:18:30and closer.

02:18:31The head of the shark

02:18:32emerges

02:18:33from the surface

02:18:34of the water.

02:18:35It opens

02:18:36a huge mouth

02:18:37full of hundreds

02:18:38of teeth.

02:18:39Each of them

02:18:40is the size

02:18:41of your hand.

02:18:42The mouth

02:18:43could hold

02:18:44the shark's mouth.

02:18:45It could

02:18:46swallow you.

02:18:47The shark

02:18:48suddenly stops

02:18:49and closes

02:18:50its mouth

02:18:51less than a meter

02:18:52from the mouth.

02:18:53You see

02:18:54the boiling water

02:18:55around you.

02:18:56Several giant

02:18:57tentacles

02:18:58emerge from the depths

02:18:59and wrap around

02:19:00the Megalodon.

02:19:01It pulls

02:19:02the shark

02:19:03to the bottom.

02:19:04You look

02:19:05above the shore

02:19:06and see

02:19:07a purple glow

02:19:08appear

02:19:09with a black circle

02:19:10One of them

02:19:11starts to scream

02:19:12He's looking at us!

02:19:13In less than a second

02:19:14a shiver

02:19:15travels

02:19:16all over your body.

02:19:17This purple glow

02:19:18is an eye

02:19:19and the black circle

02:19:20is its pupil.

02:19:22The creature

02:19:23looking at you

02:19:24is so big

02:19:25that the canoe

02:19:26seems to be

02:19:27just a grain of rice for it.

02:19:28It is

02:19:29the Kraken.

02:19:31This giant calamar

02:19:32a mythological monster

02:19:33that destroyed

02:19:34hundreds of ships

02:19:35but whose existence

02:19:36has never been proven.

02:19:38Fortunately

02:19:39the canoe

02:19:40in which you are

02:19:41is too small

02:19:42to be interested.

02:19:43You can see

02:19:44its eye move away

02:19:45while these

02:19:46huge tentacles

02:19:47pull the Megalodon

02:19:48into the depths

02:19:49of the ocean.

02:19:51One hour passes

02:19:52and another boat

02:19:53arrives on the site

02:19:54of the shipwreck.

02:19:55All passengers

02:19:56are rescued.

02:19:57You look at the sea

02:19:58calm

02:19:59where the Titanic

02:20:00has just sunk.

02:20:02You board

02:20:03the lifeboat

02:20:04promising yourself

02:20:05to never

02:20:06go on a cruise again.

02:20:09December 4, 1970

02:20:11The pilot

02:20:12Bruce Gernon

02:20:13had two passengers

02:20:14aboard his single-engine

02:20:15Beechcraft Bonanza.

02:20:17His father

02:20:18and his partner.

02:20:19They took off

02:20:20from Andros Island

02:20:21in the Bahamas

02:20:22and headed

02:20:23to the northwest

02:20:24to the Florida coast.

02:20:25Of course

02:20:26they were in the

02:20:27famous

02:20:28Bermuda Triangle

02:20:29airspace.

02:20:30But it was

02:20:31a classic flight

02:20:32that Bruce had done

02:20:33dozens of times before.

02:20:34The trip usually

02:20:35lasted an hour and a half

02:20:36without the slightest hitch.

02:20:40Bruce took off

02:20:41and began

02:20:42to gain altitude.

02:20:43Strange things

02:20:44began to happen

02:20:45from the start.

02:20:46At first

02:20:47he noticed

02:20:48a small cloud in front of him.

02:20:49But it

02:20:50didn't stop growing.

02:20:51Because of the plane

02:20:52approaching

02:20:53the cloud

02:20:54was getting bigger

02:20:55at a glance.

02:20:56Bruce had to cross it

02:20:57and he came out

02:20:58undamaged

02:20:59on the other side.

02:21:00He gained altitude

02:21:01and another

02:21:02mysterious cloud

02:21:03appeared.

02:21:04It was massive

02:21:05and Bruce

02:21:06had no choice

02:21:07but to fly

02:21:09At that moment

02:21:10he made a black ink

02:21:11all around the plane.

02:21:12But it wasn't

02:21:13a storm cloud

02:21:14and it wasn't raining.

02:21:15Bruce began

02:21:16to worry.

02:21:17And then

02:21:18BAM

02:21:19he saw

02:21:20flashes of white light.

02:21:21Bruce continued

02:21:22to fly

02:21:23for about 30 minutes

02:21:24when he realized

02:21:25that it was

02:21:26the same cloud

02:21:27he had crossed earlier

02:21:28when he had

02:21:29started to climb.

02:21:30But now

02:21:31the cloud was cylindrical

02:21:32and the plane

02:21:33crossed its center.

02:21:34It was wide

02:21:35and seemed endless.

02:21:36Bruce thought

02:21:37he could never

02:21:38get out of this trap.

02:21:39But one minute later

02:21:40he saw light

02:21:41at the end of the tunnel.

02:21:42But suddenly

02:21:43the walls

02:21:44of the cloud tunnel

02:21:45began to shrink.

02:21:46They were getting closer

02:21:47to the plane.

02:21:48The navigation instruments

02:21:49began to get out of control.

02:21:50The compass

02:21:51was turning

02:21:52in the opposite direction

02:21:53of the needles

02:21:54of a watch.

02:21:55The walls

02:21:56continued to shrink

02:21:57more and more

02:21:58without rolling

02:21:59like in a vortex.

02:22:00The electronic instruments

02:22:01were still getting lost.

02:22:02Time was running out

02:22:03for Bruce.

02:22:04He had to get out

02:22:05of this place quickly.

02:22:06About twenty seconds

02:22:07later

02:22:08he got out

02:22:09of this foggy trap.

02:22:10As Bruce

02:22:11described it later

02:22:12he felt weightless

02:22:13for five seconds

02:22:14when his plane

02:22:15left the tunnel.

02:22:16The clouds

02:22:17dispersed

02:22:18and the plane

02:22:19was now

02:22:20in a gray mist.

02:22:21The men

02:22:22breathed a deep

02:22:23sigh of relief.

02:22:24He immediately

02:22:25grabbed the radio

02:22:26and contacted

02:22:27the ground control

02:22:28to determine

02:22:29his position.

02:22:30But when the distributor

02:22:31looked at the green screen

02:22:32his face froze

02:22:33in disbelief.

02:22:34Bruce's plane

02:22:35was not on the radar.

02:22:36It was as if

02:22:37it had become invisible.

02:22:38But then

02:22:39the distributor

02:22:40said that

02:22:41the plane

02:22:42was already

02:22:43in the airspace

02:22:44of Miami.

02:22:45Bruce was shocked.

02:22:46It simply

02:22:47couldn't be true.

02:22:48The whole trip

02:22:49usually took

02:22:50about 90 minutes.

02:22:51But this time

02:22:52it only took

02:22:5347 minutes

02:22:54to get to the destination.

02:22:55His plane

02:22:56had not reached

02:22:57a supersonic speed

02:22:58like by magic

02:22:59higher than

02:23:00the maximum

02:23:01limited cruising speed

02:23:02of the model.

02:23:03It was physically impossible.

02:23:04The distributor

02:23:05must have made a mistake.

02:23:06But when the clouds

02:23:07separated

02:23:08Bruce saw

02:23:09that he was really

02:23:10above Miami.

02:23:11The plane landed

02:23:12safely

02:23:13and it was time

02:23:14to try to solve

02:23:15this mystery.

02:23:16Bruce checked

02:23:17the remaining fuel

02:23:18and his watch.

02:23:19After a short calculation

02:23:20he was only

02:23:21more confused.

02:23:22The plane

02:23:23had not consumed

02:23:24the amount of fuel

02:23:25it should have.

02:23:26The archives show

02:23:27that 84 solar torches

02:23:28were recorded

02:23:29that day

02:23:30as well as

02:23:31a huge solar wind.

02:23:32This would have

02:23:33caused disturbances

02:23:34in the Earth's

02:23:35magnetosphere

02:23:36that could have

02:23:37disturbed the instruments

02:23:38and the radar

02:23:39of the plane.

02:23:40But until now

02:23:41no one has been able

02:23:42to explain

02:23:43how the plane

02:23:44arrived in Miami

02:23:45so quickly.

02:23:46Maybe the truth

02:23:47will be revealed

02:23:48in the future.

02:23:49In the meantime

02:23:50this remains

02:23:51another mysterious

02:23:52enigma

02:23:53of the Bermuda Triangle.

02:23:56The Royal Mail Ship

02:23:57or RMS Titanic

02:23:58the most famous

02:23:59steam ship

02:24:00in history

02:24:01without any doubt

02:24:02was once the symbol

02:24:03of luxury

02:24:04and dreams

02:24:05promised to come true.

02:24:06It took 3 years

02:24:07and 3,000 people

02:24:08to build it.

02:24:10On April 10, 1912

02:24:12the brand new ship

02:24:13welcomed its passengers

02:24:14in a smell

02:24:15of fresh varnish

02:24:16paint

02:24:17and freshly

02:24:18sawn wood.

02:24:19At the time

02:24:20lead was still used

02:24:21in the production

02:24:22of paint

02:24:23and linseed oil

02:24:24as a binder.

02:24:25The smell

02:24:26had to be strong.

02:24:27When it was

02:24:28fully operational

02:24:29the huge ship

02:24:30consumed

02:24:31approximately

02:24:32850 tons of coal

02:24:33per day

02:24:34and the passengers

02:24:35could also

02:24:36smell the smoke.

02:24:37Another smell

02:24:38that had to invade

02:24:39the Titanic's deck

02:24:40at least those

02:24:41of first class

02:24:42was the new smell

02:24:43of the famous

02:24:44garland house

02:24:45the blue hour.

02:24:46It had been launched

02:24:47earlier that year

02:24:48and quickly

02:24:49became the

02:24:50lady's shell.

02:24:51This smell

02:24:52that you can still

02:24:53acquire today

02:24:54is a mixture

02:24:55of violets and iris

02:24:56with a

02:24:57nocturnal touch

02:24:58of vanilla.

02:24:59During the fateful

02:25:0014th of April

02:25:01while the Titanic

02:25:02had only a few

02:25:03hours to live

02:25:04the waiters

02:25:05unaware of the

02:25:06imminent drama

02:25:07served oysters

02:25:08lamb

02:25:09accompanied

02:25:10with mint sauce

02:25:11roast duck

02:25:12with apples

02:25:13and other

02:25:14first class

02:25:15delights

02:25:16to their

02:25:17first class

02:25:18customers.

02:25:19The second class

02:25:20was filled

02:25:21with the smell

02:25:22of curry chicken

02:25:23spring lamb

02:25:24and roasted turkey.

02:25:25The third class

02:25:26passengers

02:25:27were content

02:25:28with a simple

02:25:29cocktail.

02:25:30The smell

02:25:31was added

02:25:32to the mix.

02:25:33It was a mineral

02:25:34scent with metallic

02:25:35notes.

02:25:36If you have ice

02:25:37in your refrigerator

02:25:38you have surely

02:25:39noticed that it

02:25:40absorbed the smells

02:25:41of the neighboring

02:25:42food.

02:25:43The same

02:25:44goes for

02:25:45icebergs.

02:25:46They capture

02:25:47the smells

02:25:48of marine animals

02:25:49and preserve

02:25:50the chemical

02:25:51composition

02:25:52of the water

02:25:53they are made of.

02:25:54If more people

02:25:55had known

02:25:56the meaning

02:25:57of this strange

02:25:58smell,

02:25:59it could have

02:26:00been bigger.

02:26:01Speaking of smells,

02:26:02if you have already

02:26:03wondered what

02:26:04the smell of space

02:26:05looks like

02:26:06but you do not

02:26:07plan to become

02:26:08an astronaut

02:26:09right away,

02:26:10listen to this.

02:26:11You can try

02:26:12space water,

02:26:13an aroma

02:26:14that was designed

02:26:15by NASA

02:26:16a few decades ago.

02:26:17The idea

02:26:18of this perfume

02:26:19was to help

02:26:20astronauts

02:26:21prepare for

02:26:22their confrontation

02:26:23with space

02:26:24in all aspects

02:26:25of their training.

02:26:26But wait a second,

02:26:27there is no smell.

02:26:28However,

02:26:29the astronauts

02:26:30who went there

02:26:31remember that they

02:26:32released a pleasant

02:26:33metallic scent,

02:26:34similar to the smell

02:26:35of smoldering smoke

02:26:36or gunpowder.

02:26:37They could smell

02:26:38this smell

02:26:39on their space suit

02:26:40after entering

02:26:41their ship.

02:26:42We can also

02:26:43guess the smell

02:26:44of other planets

02:26:45depending on

02:26:46the composition

02:26:47of their atmosphere.

02:26:48Venus has sulfuric

02:26:49acid clouds

02:26:50in its atmosphere

02:26:51and must therefore

02:26:52smell rotten eggs.

02:26:53Mars and Uranus

02:26:54have the same fragrance,

02:26:55by the way.

02:26:56And each of the layers

02:26:57of Jupiter's atmosphere

02:26:58is composed

02:26:59of different molecules.

02:27:00This is why the smell

02:27:01will be different

02:27:02depending on

02:27:03the place

02:27:04where you are.

02:27:05Some layers

02:27:06will welcome you

02:27:07with a delicious smell

02:27:08of bitter almonds

02:27:09and others,

02:27:10closer to the surface,

02:27:11smell like

02:27:12our household products.

02:27:13The other planets

02:27:14of the solar system

02:27:15are unlikely

02:27:16to have a distinctive

02:27:17fragrance

02:27:18because their atmospheres

02:27:19are mainly composed

02:27:20of inodorous gases.

02:27:21As for our

02:27:22natural satellite,

02:27:23the Moon,

02:27:24the astronauts

02:27:25of the Apollo mission

02:27:26have stated

02:27:27that its dust

02:27:28smelled like gunpowder.

02:27:29The freshly cut grass

02:27:30fragrance

02:27:31almost justifies

02:27:32the fact

02:27:33that it is the only one

02:27:34that regularly

02:27:35sheds its coat.

02:27:36But did you know

02:27:37that the grass

02:27:38does not have

02:27:39a very good time

02:27:40while you decapitate it?

02:27:41It even shouts in pain.

02:27:42And because the grass

02:27:43cannot shout out loud,

02:27:44it expresses its discomfort

02:27:45by releasing

02:27:46a mixture

02:27:47of volatile,

02:27:48odorous molecules.

02:27:49It does this

02:27:50to protect itself

02:27:51from insects.

02:27:52The caterpillars

02:27:53and other similar creatures

02:27:54love to nibble

02:27:55these delicious

02:27:56vegetable snacks.

02:27:57When you cut the grass,

02:27:58it releases

02:27:59jasmine acid,

02:28:00among other things.

02:28:01It is a kind of signal

02:28:02for parasitic geese

02:28:03that there is

02:28:04a caterpillar

02:28:05nearby.

02:28:06The geese

02:28:07take care of them,

02:28:08these attackers,

02:28:09and the grass

02:28:10can continue

02:28:11to grow happily

02:28:12afterwards.

02:28:13From the point of view

02:28:14of the grass,

02:28:15the tent is not

02:28:16so different

02:28:17from an insect attack.

02:28:18So,

02:28:19it protects itself

02:28:20as best it can.

02:28:21The rain

02:28:22has a strong

02:28:23smell,

02:28:24easily recognizable

02:28:25and known

02:28:26under the name

02:28:27of petrichor.

02:28:28But,

02:28:29where does it come from?

02:28:30It turns out

02:28:31that some plants

02:28:32secrete oils

02:28:33during dryness.

02:28:34The rocks

02:28:35and the ground

02:28:36accumulate

02:28:37oil-based CS,

02:28:38and when

02:28:39the raindrops

02:28:40infiltrate,

02:28:41they mix

02:28:42with water

02:28:43and are released

02:28:44into the air.

02:28:45Sometimes,

02:28:46these oils

02:28:47combine

02:28:48with other molecules

02:28:49produced by

02:28:50bacteria living

02:28:51in the ground.

02:28:52The smell

02:28:53of the rain

02:28:54is also

02:28:55associated

02:28:56with ozone,

02:28:57especially

02:28:58after storms.

02:28:59This occurs

02:29:00when the electric discharge

02:29:01of a lightning

02:29:02separates the atoms

02:29:03of oxygen

02:29:04and nitrogen

02:29:05in the atmosphere

02:29:06and then combines

02:29:07with ozone.

02:29:08A theory

02:29:09supports

02:29:10that we would

02:29:11appreciate

02:29:12this smell

02:29:13of rain

02:29:14because

02:29:15it is engraved

02:29:16in our brain.

02:29:17Our different cultures

02:29:18have always associated

02:29:19the rain

02:29:20with a benefit,

02:29:21a sort

02:29:22of

02:29:23community

02:29:24that

02:29:25is

02:29:26magical.

02:29:27So,

02:29:28there's a

02:29:29secret

02:29:30to

02:29:31rain.

02:29:32There's

02:29:33a secret

02:29:34to

02:29:35a

02:29:36natural

02:29:37rain.

02:29:38There's

02:29:39a secret

02:29:40to

02:29:41a

02:29:42natural

02:29:43rain.

02:29:44There's

02:29:45a secret

02:29:46to

02:29:47a

02:29:48natural

02:29:49rain.

02:29:50and petals, the flower releases this delicious scent that we love so much.

02:29:53The leaves and branches of the plant also release the same.

02:29:57If you are interested, you can find this flower in the dry soils of Arizona, Texas,

02:30:03Colorado and other states with similar climates.

02:30:06It blooms all year round, and its aroma is the strongest on the hottest days.

02:30:11The Asian bear cat, also known as Binturong, does not only seem too cute,

02:30:17but it also smells like buttered popcorn.

02:30:19Binturong prefer to stay alone and use this aroma to mark their territory

02:30:24and find possible partners during the season of love.

02:30:27Scientists have tried to uncover the secret of their unusual scent

02:30:31and suggested that it could come from the secretions of glands located under the animal's tail.

02:30:36Further research has shown that this smell of popcorn actually came from its urine.

02:30:41After the animal responded to the call of nature,

02:30:43it left a smelly trail in the trees with its tail, which is often soaked.

02:30:48But if real popcorn only releases its incredible smell when it bursts under the heat,

02:30:53how do Binturong get there without microwaves?

02:30:57The answer could be in their diet or, more likely,

02:31:01in the bacteria that come into contact with the animal's bodily fluids.

02:31:07Durian is a popular fruit in Southeast Asia, of which the scent pleases some,

02:31:11but which, for the most part, resembles a mixture of rotten onions and dirty socks.

02:31:17The smell is such that the fruit is forbidden in public transports and hotels in some countries.

02:31:22The secret of durian lies in its 44 active odorous components.

02:31:27The mixture is so complex that you can never predict what it will smell like.

02:31:32And despite this horrible smell, durian is considered a delicacy

02:31:36and is mainly used to prepare sweet dishes such as cakes and snacks.

02:31:40A bad-smelling incident involving durian

02:31:43happened one day in an Australian library.

02:31:46The smell of rotten fruit, forgotten in a closet,

02:31:48spread throughout the building via the air conditioning system.

02:31:52It was thought to be a gas leak,

02:31:54and about 500 students and their teachers had to be evacuated.

02:31:57Well, we can say that it stinks.

02:31:59And finally, if you have ever visited natural thermal springs or been to see geysers,

02:32:04you will never forget this smell of hydrogen sulfide or, in a less poetic way, of rotten.

02:32:10It is actually not only unpleasant, but also highly flammable.

02:32:14However, it can also be very useful.

02:32:16Most households in Iceland use these geothermal springs to exploit hot water.

02:32:21Although it doesn't smell like rose, it is quite potable.

02:32:25And the smell doesn't stay on you after taking a shower.

02:32:28That's it.

02:32:33It was September 12, 1990.

02:32:36At that time, long before instant messaging and Zoom calls,

02:32:40a little girl was looking for correspondents.

02:32:42Zoe was on board a boat linking England to Belgium,

02:32:46on vacation with her parents.

02:32:47She was only 10 years old at the time, but she was a bright student.

02:32:51She took a sheet of paper and started to put together words.

02:32:55She introduced herself, then shouted that she liked ballet and played the flute and piano.

02:33:01Of course, she could not help but mention her two pets,

02:33:05a little hamster she called Spock and her fish, Specky.

02:33:09She also put the address to which we could join her,

02:33:12in case someone wanted to write to her.

02:33:15But alas, she was at sea.

02:33:17Who could she send this message to?

02:33:19An interesting idea then came to her mind.

02:33:22She carefully placed her letter in a plastic bottle,

02:33:25closed the lid hermetically to protect it from the water,

02:33:28and threw it into the sea.

02:33:30Not receiving an answer, the little girl's excitement faded over the years.

02:33:35Maybe the bottle was stuck somewhere.

02:33:37Maybe it had been swallowed by a big and scary sea creature.

02:33:41Or maybe the water had finally crossed the plastic cap and destroyed her message.

02:33:45Many years later, at Christmas,

02:33:48a letter for Zoe was received from her parents,

02:33:50under the name of young girl.

02:33:52The stamp indicated that the message came from Europe.

02:33:55It came from a couple of Dutchmen, Pete and Jacqueline Latteur,

02:33:59who had found this delicate bottle and were kind enough to answer it.

02:34:03They specified that they had found the letter

02:34:05among the debris thrown ashore by the sea.

02:34:08Zoe's letter landed at sea during a stunning period of 23 years,

02:34:13and had traveled more than 563 kilometers

02:34:16to reach its final destination, near Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

02:34:20A hell of a trip for a little plastic bottle.

02:34:23A similar story to Zoe's is the strange connection that took place between two boys.

02:34:28A little German named Frank Husbeck

02:34:31was on a boat on its way to Denmark when he had the same idea as Zoe.

02:34:36He was five years old when he wrote his message and threw it into the sea.

02:34:40It was 1987.

02:34:43He received his answer years later, at the age of 29.

02:34:47His letter, just like the one Zoe sent a few years later,

02:34:50had been in the water for 24 years.

02:34:53His message was found by a boy named Daniel Korotkik,

02:34:57while he was walking with his parents in the isthmus of Courland, near the Baltic Sea.

02:35:02Daniel was lucky that his father knew German enough to translate the message.

02:35:06The improbable friends ended up meeting by videoconference in 2011.

02:35:11All the stories of messages in a bottle have not been elucidated.

02:35:14In 2013, a Croat surfer fell on a damaged bottle

02:35:18while he was near the Adriatic Sea.

02:35:21The message he was sending was from 1985,

02:35:24and it came from a man named Jonathan.

02:35:27The surfer was looking forward to his letter reaching a woman named Marie,

02:35:31and he also expressed his desire for her to answer.

02:35:35As the letter was supposed to be sent from New Scotland,

02:35:38the bottle had to travel a staggering distance of 6,000 km.

02:35:42The message left the Atlantic Ocean,

02:35:45entered the Mediterranean Sea,

02:35:47and reached the Adriatic coast in Croatia.

02:35:49But the identities of Jean and Marie have never been discovered.

02:35:54There are also wonderful love stories that start with messages in a bottle.

02:35:58This was the case for Ake and Paulina Wiking.

02:36:01When Ake, a lonely Swedish sailor,

02:36:04placed a letter in a bottle and threw it into the Mediterranean Sea,

02:36:08he did not suspect that the piece of paper would eventually reach his future wife.

02:36:13It was at the beginning of the 1950s.

02:36:15The bottle was found by an Italian

02:36:17who was quite inspired to give it to his niece, Paulina.

02:36:21After a year of correspondence,

02:36:24Ake and Paulina ended up meeting and getting married.

02:36:29Having decided to share their story with the world,

02:36:31they became in a way a couple of celebrities for the time.

02:36:35They even shared video sequences of their marriage with the whole world,

02:36:39and their story was broadcast in several newspapers.

02:36:42This happy event launched a movement among young people in search of love,

02:36:46increasing the number of messages thrown into the sea in search of a fairy tale.

02:36:51However, all the stories that started like this did not end well.

02:36:56In 1945, an American named Frank Eyostek

02:37:00placed a message similar to that of Ake in a bottle and threw it into the water.

02:37:05Almost a year later, his letter was found by an Irish woman, Brenda O'Sullivan.

02:37:11Their years of correspondence quickly attracted the attention of the media of the time,

02:37:15but their friendship never flourished because of the media pressure.

02:37:19They ended up meeting in person when Frank went to Ireland,

02:37:24but he didn't stay long and they ended up losing each other's sight.

02:37:28After the Titanic experienced its tragic end,

02:37:31many bottles containing secret messages began to surface.

02:37:35Almost all of them turned out to be counterfeits,

02:37:37except for one.

02:37:39Years after the Titanic sank in the icy waters of the Antarctic,

02:37:43a bottle was found on the Irish coast.

02:37:46It was supposed to come from a man named Jeremiah Burke,

02:37:49and to this day it is considered the only authentic message

02:37:53in a bottle from the Titanic.

02:37:56The piece of paper simply indicated the name of the sender and the place.

02:38:00The Titanic, accompanied by the word GOODBYE.

02:38:04As the date was taken by the waters,

02:38:06it is difficult to estimate whether the note was sent before

02:38:09or after the ship hit the iceberg.

02:38:13However, there is a consensus that since Jeremiah wanted to settle in the United States,

02:38:17he simply sent his last symbolic greetings to his family

02:38:21and his friends who stayed in Ireland.

02:38:24This simple way of meeting people, and sometimes of corresponding with them,

02:38:28became a pastime for a man from a Canadian province called

02:38:32Prince Edward Island,

02:38:33located east of the American state of Maine.

02:38:36This man, Harold Hackett,

02:38:38claims to have thrown more than 4,000 bottles into the Atlantic Ocean

02:38:42since 1996.

02:38:44He also claims to have received many answers from all over the world,

02:38:48including letters from France and Germany,

02:38:50but also from the Bahamas or even from Africa.

02:38:53This improbable hobby makes him receive about 150 Christmas cards

02:38:58from his correspondents each year.

02:39:00Even today, he refuses to add his phone number to his letters.

02:39:05In this way, he ensures that if people ever want to contact him,

02:39:10the only way to do it is by writing a letter.

02:39:13He has also studied the best times to send his messages in the water

02:39:17depending on the direction of the winds and currents.

02:39:20Some bottles spend a lifetime at sea after being thrown by their expeditor.

02:39:26This was the case of a Briton who wrote a message

02:39:29and placed it in a bottle before throwing it into the sea in 1914.

02:39:34His name was Thomas Hughes,

02:39:36and he wanted to send the message to his wife,

02:39:39but he was quite polite enough to write a letter to the person

02:39:41who would put their hand on his bottle first,

02:39:44asking him to write the message,

02:39:46Thank you for transferring A.

02:39:48The bottle did not reach his wife

02:39:50since it was found 85 years later on the coast of Essex.

02:39:54The man who fell on the bottle was kind enough to join the family

02:39:58and gave the message to Thomas' daughter.

02:40:0185 years is not even the longest period

02:40:03during which a small bottle has sailed on the waves.

02:40:06A scientist named Hunter Brown studied the currents in the North Sea

02:40:11when this idea came to his mind.

02:40:13He placed the same message in nearly 2,000 bottles

02:40:17and asked the unlikely recipient to answer him

02:40:19by indicating the place of his discovery.

02:40:23He thought this method would help him better understand

02:40:25the arrangement of the currents of the North Sea.

02:40:28After 97 years,

02:40:29a bottle was found about 18 km from its starting point.

02:40:34To date, more than 300 original bottles

02:40:37linked to Hunter Brown's project have ended up reaching the shore.

02:40:41All the messages found in the bottles

02:40:44have not received an answer via physical letters.

02:40:47Oliver Vandevalet threw a bottle containing a letter on the English coast

02:40:52while he was on vacation with his family.

02:40:54He was 14 years old at the time.

02:40:5633 years later, a woman contacted him on Facebook

02:41:00by stating that she had received his message

02:41:02and had found it thanks to his profile.

02:41:05At first, he barely remembered having placed the letter in the bottle.

02:41:10But he ended up reconstructing the events

02:41:12and even the fact that he had sealed the bottle with candle wax

02:41:16to make sure it was waterproof.

02:41:18And then there's Christina Aguilera and her bottle.

02:41:21No, wait, yours talks about a genius in a bottle.

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