These Natural Phenomena Send Shivers Down Your Spine

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Transcript
00:00:00 Floods, tornadoes, tsunamis, hurricanes, yikes, all these natural disasters can get extremely
00:00:07 dangerous, but we're kind of familiar with them.
00:00:11 But how about a natural disaster that has never happened before, but could occur any
00:00:16 moment now?
00:00:19 It might be a super-eruption.
00:00:21 That's what happens when a super-volcano erupts.
00:00:24 You might know that Yellowstone Park is located on top of a super-volcano.
00:00:29 The last massive eruption there happened about 664,000 years ago, and the one before that
00:00:35 approximately 1.3 million years ago.
00:00:39 If we do the math, we'll understand that the next eruption might be due any time soon.
00:00:44 There's no strong evidence that the super-volcano is waking up or preparing for an eruption,
00:00:50 but what would it be like if it did happen?
00:00:54 Months before the eruption, small-scale earthquakes would become more frequent and more powerful
00:00:59 in the area.
00:01:00 Not long before the eruption, the growing pressure would push up the ground over the
00:01:04 volcano, creating a dome.
00:01:07 Narrow cracks would open along the edges of this dome.
00:01:10 The magma would then start rising toward the surface, and then the eruption would kick
00:01:15 off.
00:01:16 A massive column of lava and ash would shoot up into the air to a height of over 16 miles.
00:01:23 The volcano would keep pumping ash for days on end.
00:01:27 The air in that area would heat up to 570 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:01:31 For all living creatures, ash fallout would be one of the most dangerous consequences
00:01:35 of the eruption.
00:01:37 Buildings and trees would start collapsing under the weight of this dense substance.
00:01:42 It would only take a couple of days for a 10-foot layer of ash to cover the territory
00:01:46 of about 50 miles around the center of the eruption.
00:01:51 After the ash got into the stratosphere, the temperatures all over the world would start
00:01:55 to drop.
00:01:56 The eruption would also be rich in sulfur, and this element is an effective sun-blocker.
00:02:01 That's why it would soon get so cold that there would be no summer in the whole world
00:02:07 for the next several years.
00:02:09 The monsoon seasons would change.
00:02:11 It would be hard for animals to find food and clean water.
00:02:16 Well now, how about a gamma-ray burst?
00:02:18 You don't stumble across this kind of radiation in your everyday life.
00:02:23 A gamma-ray burst occurs when two neutron stars collide.
00:02:27 The collapse of a massive star can produce it too.
00:02:31 Gamma-rays could present a serious danger to Earth.
00:02:34 If a gamma-ray burst happened close to our home planet, it could rip our ozone layer
00:02:39 away.
00:02:40 After that, we would be left unprotected from the sun's ultraviolet radiation.
00:02:44 Plus, gamma-rays could also produce ground ozone.
00:02:48 This kind of ozone could seep into the ocean since it's water-soluble, and that would
00:02:53 lead to a mass extinction of marine life.
00:02:56 Plants wouldn't survive this disaster either.
00:03:00 Now come to think of it, giant sinkholes could swallow entire communities.
00:03:05 One of such sinkholes opened up in the city of New York.
00:03:08 It pulled a parked van into the Earth.
00:03:11 That happened in the summer of 2022.
00:03:14 And it wasn't the only sinkhole to appear in that area.
00:03:18 Local inhabitants reported about 4,000 sinkholes all over the city.
00:03:23 This kind of problem is also very common in Florida, and it's much more serious than
00:03:27 it may sound.
00:03:29 Sinkholes open all of a sudden, pulling down everything and everyone that happens to be
00:03:34 nearby.
00:03:36 Sinkholes appear all over the world, which makes them a global problem.
00:03:39 They're totally unpredictable and form without warning.
00:03:43 Luckily, experts know what causes them.
00:03:46 In some areas, there are vast areas of groundwater.
00:03:50 But during droughts, this water dries up.
00:03:53 This creates large empty caverns.
00:03:56 And after heavy rains, the surface over such a cavern can collapse, creating a sinkhole
00:04:01 within minutes.
00:04:03 Now, what if we came across a wandering black hole?
00:04:08 You might know that a black hole is a region in space where gravity is so powerful that
00:04:13 not even light can escape its clutches.
00:04:16 Luckily, the nearest one to us is 1,500 light-years away.
00:04:21 Nothing to worry about, right?
00:04:23 Until you find out about wandering black holes.
00:04:27 Now things get definitely way creepier.
00:04:30 If such a black hole entered the Solar System, Earth would be doomed.
00:04:35 We wouldn't stand a chance against this space monster.
00:04:37 In 2012, 13 wandering black holes were spotted not so far away from our planet.
00:04:44 But worry not, "not far away" in space terms means around 1 billion light-years away.
00:04:50 So we've got some time left.
00:04:52 Plus, the possibility of such a disaster is very, very low.
00:04:59 Another natural disaster we haven't experienced yet is a mega-flood.
00:05:03 This never happened before, but the changes in climate do make for a risky potential.
00:05:09 It could start, let's say, in California.
00:05:12 This state experienced some really bad flooding in the past.
00:05:15 One of such floods stretched up to 60 miles across and 300 miles long.
00:05:21 If a similar disaster happened these days, it would cause $1 trillion worth of damage.
00:05:27 It would also uproot millions of people.
00:05:31 Now let's talk about a hypercane.
00:05:34 Judging from the name, this natural disaster might get extreme.
00:05:38 A hypercane is a theoretical hurricane of unsurpassed power.
00:05:43 It would occur if the ocean became overheated as a result of climate change, or because
00:05:48 of a massive volcanic eruption.
00:05:51 In any case, these conditions could create a hurricane that would stretch way beyond
00:05:56 the lower stratosphere.
00:05:58 And as you may guess, regular hurricanes don't do that.
00:06:02 The hypercane's speed would reach 500 miles per hour.
00:06:06 The pressure inside would be low enough not to let the hypercane to wear out as quickly
00:06:11 as other hurricanes.
00:06:12 The hypercane could last for weeks on end.
00:06:15 But the worst thing?
00:06:17 It could damage or even destroy part of Earth's ozone layer.
00:06:21 And the hole could be the size of the entire North American continent.
00:06:26 Now this disaster did happen before.
00:06:29 About 66 million years ago, I bet you know what I'm hinting at.
00:06:34 Yep, that very meteor that supposedly wiped out dinosaurs off the face of the Earth.
00:06:40 This 7-mile-wide space visitor was traveling at 67,000 miles per hour.
00:06:46 As a result of the collision, 75% of all life on the planet disappeared, and winter reigned
00:06:52 on Earth for 18 months.
00:06:55 Wanna know a secret?
00:06:57 Meteors strike Earth all the time.
00:06:59 Even more of them barely miss our planet.
00:07:02 But it's also very hard to predict meteor strikes.
00:07:06 Scientists miss a lot of them until they just nearly miss us.
00:07:09 That's why experts are working on an early warning system that could prevent disasters.
00:07:15 It could make meteor impacts less catastrophic, or at least allow people time to evacuate.
00:07:22 It could also be our very own Sun that would be responsible for another natural disaster.
00:07:27 I'm talking about a massive solar flare.
00:07:31 On the scale of damage to society, few catastrophes can compare to this event.
00:07:37 It wouldn't destroy buildings like a tsunami or an earthquake.
00:07:40 Neither would it end lives in the same way a supervolcano or meteor would.
00:07:46 But it would cripple our entire way of life by destroying the whole electronic infrastructure
00:07:51 of Earth.
00:07:52 The cost of this disaster would reach trillions of dollars.
00:07:56 It'd cause other infrastructures to fail.
00:07:59 Communication, medicine, transportation, banking systems… those would tumble like dominoes.
00:08:05 And it would be incredibly hard to recover them.
00:08:09 Earth would be left without electricity for years.
00:08:12 There would be no electric light, no computers, no phones.
00:08:16 Water supply systems would be out of order.
00:08:19 There would be no food in supermarkets.
00:08:21 There would be no electricity, and people wouldn't be able to reboot the already broken
00:08:26 power grids.
00:08:28 In 1859, people all over the world woke up in the middle of the night.
00:08:33 It was as light as during the day.
00:08:35 The skies were illuminated with auroras – red, green, purple.
00:08:40 They appeared even in the regions where no one had seen them before, like the Bahamas,
00:08:45 Jamaica, or Hawaii.
00:08:47 Telegraphs got electrically charged, even though they were disconnected.
00:08:52 In many areas, fire started.
00:08:55 That was when technology barely existed.
00:08:57 But imagine the avalanche of problems a solar flare could cause today.
00:09:06 Are you a pro swimmer?
00:09:07 Brave enough to take a dip in any ocean or sea?
00:09:10 Bad news.
00:09:11 There are some places you should avoid no matter how well you swim or dive.
00:09:15 Some of these places have dangerous underwater rocks, strong currents and tides.
00:09:20 Others are famous for legends about monsters and mysterious creatures.
00:09:24 So let's dive into this aquatic horror show.
00:09:27 Have you ever heard the word "The Strid"?
00:09:29 It's a variation of the word "The Stride" that is used in Yorkshire, and it refers to
00:09:35 a narrow section of the River Wharf that's so small you could jump over it.
00:09:40 But don't be fooled by its size, it's one of the most dangerous spots around.
00:09:44 Even taking a step into the water can have dire consequences.
00:09:47 The River Wharf has a forceful current, and since the strid is so narrow, it's even stronger
00:09:52 in that area.
00:09:54 The intense water flow has eroded the limestone around the strid, which created hollow spaces
00:10:00 much deeper than the rest of the riverbed.
00:10:04 Here's the secret.
00:10:05 The current has also weakened the banks of the strid from below.
00:10:09 So the ground you're standing on, admiring the rapid flow, is probably just a fragile
00:10:13 ledge hanging over treacherous waters.
00:10:17 There's no record of anyone who found themselves in the water of the strid and found their
00:10:21 way out of it.
00:10:22 And the worst part?
00:10:24 You wouldn't even guess that this innocent looking stream could be such a danger.
00:10:28 So my advice to you, my friend, is to stick to a safer body of water for your aquatic
00:10:33 adventures.
00:10:36 If you're looking for a weekend getaway in California, Horseshoe Lake is the spot for
00:10:40 you.
00:10:41 It's got everything, sandy beaches, hiking trails, and picnic areas, but wait, there's
00:10:46 more to it than meets the eye.
00:10:48 This lake has a dark side, namely around 100 acres of dead trees that surround it.
00:10:53 And it's not just the trees that have been claimed by this lake.
00:10:56 The earthquakes that hit in 1989 and 1990 unleashed carbon dioxide from under the hot
00:11:01 magma.
00:11:02 The gas seeped out into the air, damaging all the life around the lake.
00:11:08 Even now, Horseshoe Lake is just as dangerous as it was 30 years ago.
00:11:13 What makes it so scary is that the levels of this toxic gas change randomly.
00:11:19 Warning signs that are posted everywhere certainly could give a horror film touch to a fun hike
00:11:24 in the woods.
00:11:27 In Kauai, Hawaii, there's a group of stunning waterfalls that used to be a popular destination
00:11:32 for tourists.
00:11:34 Kipu Falls, as they're called, were once the go-to spot for swimming and diving.
00:11:39 To get to them, you had to take a long walk along a dirt path until you finally arrived
00:11:44 at a breathtaking view of a 20-foot waterfall pouring into a crystal clear pool below.
00:11:50 But since 2011, this area has been off-limits to the public.
00:11:54 "Why?" you ask?
00:11:56 Well, there have been a lot of accidents at Kipu Falls.
00:12:00 Obviously, jumping off the top of the waterfall would be an obvious reason for that, but in
00:12:05 addition, there were much more mysterious cases.
00:12:09 Witnesses tell tales of swimmers peacefully enjoying the pool at the bottom of the falls,
00:12:14 only to be suddenly dragged under the surface.
00:12:17 No definite explanation was found to these accidents.
00:12:22 The locals believe that the water spirit Mo'o is to blame because it doesn't appreciate
00:12:26 being disturbed by loud tourists.
00:12:29 There's also a theory of a powerful whirlpool at the bottom of the pool.
00:12:33 In any case, guide publishers do not mention Kipu Falls anymore, and trespassing is severely
00:12:38 punished.
00:12:42 The Samisen Hole, located in the Gulf of Thailand, is the ultimate spot for thrill-seeking divers,
00:12:48 but it's also the most dangerous one.
00:12:50 With a drop of 280 feet, it's the deepest diving site in the region.
00:12:55 But its depth is not the only reason it is considered a place to avoid.
00:13:00 The area is a major shipping zone for giant oil tankers.
00:13:04 The strong currents around the hole make diving even more treacherous.
00:13:08 And if that's not enough, the Samisen Hole is also home to deadly barracudas that could
00:13:13 easily attack unsuspecting divers.
00:13:16 The water is so murky that visibility is nearly zero, making it challenging to spot these
00:13:21 aggressive sea creatures.
00:13:24 All in all, the Samisen Hole is a breathtaking but extremely hazardous spot that should only
00:13:29 be explored by experienced divers with nerves of steel.
00:13:35 Let me tell you about New Smyrna Beach, the shark attack capital of the world.
00:13:40 If you're looking for a relaxing vacation spot in Volusia County, Florida, you may want
00:13:44 to reconsider this beach.
00:13:47 The waters around New Smyrna Beach are teeming with fish, which attracts a lot of sharks.
00:13:53 In fact, there have been so many shark attacks reported in this area that it's earned the
00:13:58 title of the "Shark Attack Capital of the World."
00:14:02 Even scientists have warned that if you go for a swim there, you're bound to get up close
00:14:06 and personal with at least one of these creatures.
00:14:10 We are talking about a distance of 10 feet, and in many cases you wouldn't even notice
00:14:14 it.
00:14:15 To make matters worse, the bull shark, one of the most dangerous and aggressive types
00:14:20 of sharks, has been spotted in these waters.
00:14:25 Once again, Kauai is on our list.
00:14:28 The beach on Nepali coast called Hanakapiai Beach might look like heaven on earth, but
00:14:33 don't be fooled.
00:14:35 To get there, you have to trek through a super steep, rocky two-mile trail.
00:14:41 There are no lifeguards on this remote beach, so even if you decide to take a dip in the
00:14:45 water, you're on your own.
00:14:49 The biggest threat to your safety is the incredibly strong rip currents.
00:14:53 They are almost always present because there are no reefs to shield the shore, and if someone
00:14:58 gets caught in one, there's no safe place to swim to for miles.
00:15:02 The nearest safe beach is 6 miles away.
00:15:06 Trust me, this beach doesn't have the best track record in terms of safety, so it's highly
00:15:10 advised that you stay out of the water if you end up at this beach.
00:15:17 Let me tell you about a place that looks like it's straight out of a horror movie.
00:15:21 We're talking about Berkeley Pit, which is an artificial lake situated in Butte, Montana.
00:15:28 The first thing you'll notice about this place is that it has an eerie blood red color that
00:15:32 can only be described as unsettling.
00:15:35 You might be tempted to take a dip, but that would be a grave mistake.
00:15:39 Don't even touch it.
00:15:42 The water is extremely dangerous due to the heavy metals present in it, such as cadmium,
00:15:47 arsenic, zinc, lead, and copper.
00:15:50 They come from the rocks that surround the lake and make the water super acidic.
00:15:56 In fact, this place used to be an open pit copper mine, hence its color.
00:16:01 So if you want my advice, avoid this place like the plague.
00:16:07 There are three lakes in Africa that maybe are the most dangerous places of all that
00:16:11 I have mentioned so far.
00:16:13 They're all located in Africa.
00:16:14 Lake Monoun and Lake Nyos in Cameroon and Lake Kivu in Rwanda are all like ticking timers
00:16:20 ready to go off.
00:16:23 They were formed over underground pools of molten rock, and sometimes this molten rock
00:16:27 releases toxic gases like methane and carbon dioxide right into the water.
00:16:33 When this happens, the gases can build up until they suddenly burst out of the water,
00:16:38 creating massive waves that can wipe out everything in their path.
00:16:42 This type of outburst is called a limnic eruption, and it can release a cloud of poisonous gas
00:16:48 that can be harmful to everything in the vicinity.
00:16:52 The most terrifying part?
00:16:54 These explosions can happen at any moment with no warning.
00:16:57 So if you ever find yourself near one of these lakes, you'd better be on high alert, because
00:17:02 you never know when the next accident might happen.
00:17:06 Do you know other places you wouldn't recommend for a fun swim?
00:17:10 Share your anti-recommendations in the comments below!
00:17:13 So, are you tired of boring old Earth?
00:17:18 Want to know what lies beyond the starry night sky?
00:17:20 You're not the only one.
00:17:22 People have been asking the same question for centuries.
00:17:25 Luckily, scientists have got you covered.
00:17:28 They've discovered a lot of amazing places light-years away from our blue planet.
00:17:34 Just one light-year is about 6 trillion miles.
00:17:37 Mind-blowing, huh?
00:17:38 So hop on, the spaceship of knowledge is lifting off!
00:17:42 Your first stop is 2.5 billion light-years away from Earth.
00:17:46 It's a quasar, one of the brightest objects in the Universe and the first one to be discovered.
00:17:52 A quasar isn't a star, but a distant galaxy.
00:17:56 This extremely bright object gets its power from a supermassive black hole.
00:18:00 A disk of matter swirls around the black hole and creates friction.
00:18:04 It's kinda like when you're cold and rub your hands together to stay warm.
00:18:09 The friction between the palms creates heat, making you feel nice and cozy.
00:18:14 The same happens in the quasar, just the amount of heat is bigger.
00:18:17 Way bigger.
00:18:18 I hope you remember to pack sunscreen lotion.
00:18:21 The temperature at the heart of this quasar can reach 18 trillion degrees Fahrenheit.
00:18:26 Also, there is light, a lot of it.
00:18:29 This celestial object shines a hundred times brighter than all the stars in its galaxy
00:18:35 put together.
00:18:36 Well, it's time to cool down a bit.
00:18:39 Minus 457 degrees Fahrenheit, to be precise.
00:18:43 This is the temperature of a young planetary nebula called the Boomerang Nebula.
00:18:48 It sits 5,000 light-years away from Earth.
00:18:51 NASA's Hubble telescope caught images of the formation in 1998.
00:18:56 It's composed of gas coming from a star near the end of its life cycle.
00:19:01 Inside the nebula, it's windier than in the Windy City.
00:19:05 Winds reach speeds up to 310,000 mph.
00:19:09 And you gotta thank them for the nebula's chilling temperatures.
00:19:13 Researchers were just impressed to find out that the temperature of the Boomerang Nebula
00:19:17 is just 1 degree above absolute zero.
00:19:20 Zero Kelvin should be the coldest temperature possible.
00:19:24 This is the point where all molecular and atomic activity stops.
00:19:29 Makes you want to crank up the thermostat in your spaceship.
00:19:32 Next, you're going to a place you might not want to visit.
00:19:35 Sorry.
00:19:36 So, it's the most massive black hole.
00:19:39 This giant is located at the heart of a large galaxy some 10.4 billion light-years from
00:19:45 our planet.
00:19:46 Its mass is 66 billion times greater than that of the Sun.
00:19:51 Enough to make our galaxy's supermassive black hole feel ashamed.
00:19:55 It has a mass of merely 4.5 million times that of the Sun.
00:19:59 But you better not get near any of them, as a black hole's diet consists of matter.
00:20:05 By calculating how much matter they consume, scientists can determine their rate of expansion.
00:20:11 And those black holes have quite an appetite.
00:20:14 Astronomers believe there are stupendously large black holes, or slabs, hiding somewhere
00:20:20 in the Universe.
00:20:21 If they're real, their mass is estimated to be greater than 100 billion times that
00:20:26 of the Sun.
00:20:27 Now, it's time to snack on something lighter.
00:20:31 The spaceship enters the Kepler-51 system.
00:20:33 It's home to the lightest planets in the known Universe.
00:20:37 Called superpuffs.
00:20:39 Sounds fluffy enough, and it is.
00:20:41 These planets' mass is either the same or slightly greater than that of Earth.
00:20:46 But this doesn't mean they're small.
00:20:49 Think of them as giant cotton candies the size of Jupiter.
00:20:52 They are newly born planets whose atmosphere is still cooling down.
00:20:57 You might want to wait for this process to be over, though, as 500°F is too hot to handle.
00:21:04 But for experts, superpuffs are special.
00:21:07 These planets are incredibly rare, as they've managed to discover less than 20 so far.
00:21:13 Now are you up for a race?
00:21:15 Let's say the ship you're on is traveling at a speed of 25,000 mph.
00:21:20 This is the current human speed record.
00:21:22 It was set by NASA's astronaut trio from the Apollo 10 mission in 1969.
00:21:28 And no, I am not talking about Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin.
00:21:32 That was the Apollo 11 mission later that year.
00:21:36 Right now, you're going to race against a star 18,000 light-years from Earth.
00:21:41 Your biggest advantage is that this is a neutron star.
00:21:44 It was formed when another massive star ran out of nuclear fuel and couldn't support
00:21:49 itself anymore.
00:21:50 Think of a car running on an empty tank.
00:21:53 Victory couldn't be any closer, right?
00:21:55 Well, not quite.
00:21:57 When a massive star feels like its time is up, it shrinks and starts spinning.
00:22:02 Figure skaters do the same during a spin.
00:22:05 They fold in their arms to increase rotation to the maximum.
00:22:08 This neutron star is the champion of the Universe.
00:22:11 It spins at a speed of 157 million mph.
00:22:16 That's roughly 27% of the speed of light.
00:22:20 Are you running low on energy at this point?
00:22:23 Time to charge up from a gamma-ray burst.
00:22:26 Gamma-rays are electromagnetic waves generated by various forms of radiation.
00:22:31 These bursts were fairly unknown to science until the late 1960s.
00:22:36 Scientists equipped with gamma-ray detectors accidentally recorded huge outbursts of radiation
00:22:42 outside of our Solar System.
00:22:44 What were they?
00:22:45 Nothing dark, definitely, as these are the most energetic forms of light.
00:22:50 Scientists believe that gamma-ray bursts happen when two neutron stars collide and form a
00:22:55 black hole.
00:22:56 The other explanation is that they are in the final stage in the life of a supernova.
00:23:02 This event happens when a star decides to go out with a bang.
00:23:07 Gamma-ray bursts shine brighter than a diamond.
00:23:09 They are a million trillion times brighter than the Sun.
00:23:13 Talk about an energy boost!
00:23:15 Ah, your mood is lightened up by now.
00:23:18 You want to visit a place that has a draw to it.
00:23:20 No, it's not a beach resort, but a magnetar.
00:23:24 It's a neutron star with a twist.
00:23:27 Magnetars have a magnetic field that is a trillion times stronger than that on our planet.
00:23:32 But don't fall for their strong appeal.
00:23:34 Let's just say you won't live to tell a tale if you get too close to one.
00:23:39 In 2004, a flare that came off the surface of a magnetar managed to compress Earth's
00:23:45 magnetic field from a distance of 50,000 light-years.
00:23:49 Quite impressive for a star the size of a city.
00:23:52 Makes you wish to team up with this oversized magnet to commit the greatest heist ever.
00:23:57 A magnetar has the ability to swipe all the credit cards on planet Earth from a distance
00:24:02 halfway to the Moon.
00:24:04 Luckily for humans, NASA has discovered only 31 of these stars so far.
00:24:10 You have barely escaped the pull of a magnetar.
00:24:13 Suddenly, you start to sense a strange force drawing you away from your home base.
00:24:18 It is the Great Attractor, one of the biggest mysteries of the Universe.
00:24:23 This massive gravitational irregularity has been pulling us closer and closer to it for
00:24:29 billions of years.
00:24:31 Scientists estimate that the Great Attractor is located at the center of the Linnaeus-Caean
00:24:36 Supercluster.
00:24:37 The name means "immeasurable heaven" in Hawaiian.
00:24:40 It represents a gigantic collection of planets, stars, and asteroids.
00:24:45 Our home galaxy, the Milky Way, is just a speck in this enormous supercluster.
00:24:51 According to the Big Bang Theory, not the TV show, the real theory, the Universe has
00:24:56 been expanding in all directions.
00:24:58 But the mysterious Great Attractor is slowing things down.
00:25:02 How exactly?
00:25:04 Researchers still need to figure this one out.
00:25:06 On the bright side, they are good at naming things.
00:25:10 The end of the Universe would be called the Big Crunch.
00:25:13 If there's anyone left to call it that.
00:25:16 Your journey, too, ends at the edge of the Universe.
00:25:19 The most distant galaxy from Earth is the oldest one as well.
00:25:24 The galaxies that form first after the Big Bang have drifted the furthest.
00:25:29 So every time advanced telescopes detect a far, far away dot, they give scientists an
00:25:35 image of the origins of the Universe.
00:25:38 You're going to Illa de Quiamada Grande, one of the most dangerous islands in the world.
00:25:45 There, you find yourself among rainforests, huge rocks, and grasslands.
00:25:50 The place is home to birds, locusts, and giant cockroaches.
00:25:54 But there's one more animal, and because of it, the island got its notorious reputation.
00:26:00 Snakes live there, and a lot of them.
00:26:03 So many that the place is also known as Snake Island.
00:26:07 Will you survive there?
00:26:10 Located just 20 miles away from the coast of Brazil, the island has an area of 43 hectares,
00:26:15 or over 100 acres.
00:26:17 It probably got cut off from the mainland after the last ice age.
00:26:21 The snakes were also separated from most other animal species.
00:26:24 They didn't have competitors and had an unlimited source of food.
00:26:29 In such a small area, there are up to 4,000 snakes.
00:26:33 That's one snake for every 10 square feet.
00:26:36 It would be a difficult feat not to come across a snake on this island.
00:26:41 Not only is this snake, the golden lancehead, one of the most numerous on the island, but
00:26:46 it's also a highly venomous pit viper species.
00:26:50 And it's also one of the most venomous in all of Latin America.
00:26:54 Its venom is so potent due to the isolation of the species, with only birds sharing the
00:26:59 land with them.
00:27:00 To catch these birds, the snake's venom needed to become extra strong.
00:27:05 And indeed, since they got separated from their distant relatives, their venom has become
00:27:09 up to five times more powerful.
00:27:12 Most of the time, these snakes hide in the trees or amongst leaves on the ground.
00:27:17 If you find yourself stranded here, you'll want to keep yourself a safe distance away.
00:27:22 Snakes mainly use their sense of smell and rely on vibrations.
00:27:26 If you get too close to one, either stand still or slowly walk away.
00:27:31 If you make too many vibrations, this will make them feel threatened, causing them to
00:27:35 strike.
00:27:36 If you spot them a safe distance away, or if you're walking toward tall grass, stamp
00:27:41 your feet a couple of times.
00:27:43 This will notify snakes of your presence.
00:27:45 They won't risk taking down prey larger than they are and will likely slither away.
00:27:51 Carrying a stick is always a good idea, just in case you happen to come across a snake
00:27:56 accidentally.
00:27:57 This way, you'll have an extension of your arm that cannot be bitten.
00:28:02 This simple thing might save your life.
00:28:04 A stick with a V-shape on the end will give you even more advantage.
00:28:09 Even if a snake starts acting aggressively, holding it down will stop it in its tracks.
00:28:14 But whatever happens, don't try to pick it up.
00:28:17 Okay, but what if you get bitten?
00:28:20 The chances are pretty high on this island, of course.
00:28:23 First of all, don't try to get the venom out on your own.
00:28:27 Make sure you call emergency services immediately.
00:28:29 And once help is on the way, apply a wide bandage.
00:28:33 A piece of clothing will do if you don't have anything else.
00:28:37 Don't try to chase the snake trying to identify the species.
00:28:40 Emergency services know how to figure out what venom it is.
00:28:43 Now just keep calm and wait for help.
00:28:47 You might be wondering who you can call on this abandoned island.
00:28:50 Well, since it's strictly prohibited to visit this place, there are signs advising to stay
00:28:55 away all over the island, along with a number you can call if you run into trouble.
00:29:01 Let's say you've successfully avoided getting bitten.
00:29:04 The next thing to consider is what you can eat there.
00:29:07 Snake Island was previously known as Ilha de Queimada Grande, where "Queimada" is Portuguese
00:29:13 for "forest being lit up" or "forest fire."
00:29:17 The reason for that was the fact that the entire island was deliberately set on fire
00:29:22 to make room for a banana plantation.
00:29:24 Unfortunately, the banana business didn't turn out to be a success, probably because
00:29:29 farmers got sick and tired of snakes.
00:29:32 But some banana trees still thrive today, and they can provide you with some much-needed
00:29:36 nutrients.
00:29:37 You'll also want some protein in your diet throughout your stay.
00:29:41 Luckily, along with the snakes trapped on the island, there are also cockroaches.
00:29:46 These giant prehistoric-looking roaches come out at night to feed on plants.
00:29:51 Get that barbecue started and enjoy the rare delicacy this island provides.
00:29:56 A great way to survive on the island is to avoid it altogether.
00:30:00 If by chance you happen to be sailing past, keep in mind that this place was once connected
00:30:05 to the mainland.
00:30:06 Rocks beneath the waves are very likely to damage the bottom of your boat if you get
00:30:10 too close.
00:30:12 Make sure you keep an appropriate distance when traveling past.
00:30:16 Sure, this island is intriguing, but please remember that no matter how close you get
00:30:21 to it, you won't be able to see snakes from the boat.
00:30:24 You can only see these creatures if you get close enough, which you really shouldn't
00:30:28 do.
00:30:29 And it's not only reptiles that make this location dangerous.
00:30:33 Pirates visit the island quite often.
00:30:35 Not the sea-shanty-singin' peg-legged auror pirates, but bio-pirates who come there to
00:30:42 capture the very thing that makes it so dangerous.
00:30:45 They come there for snakes, to catch them and sell them illegally.
00:30:50 Since the island got cut off around 11,000 years ago, the golden lancehead has evolved
00:30:55 within its own unique habitat.
00:30:57 So, although there are many reptiles on this island, they're still an endangered species.
00:31:03 Due to their limited numbers, their value is very high, reaching up to $30,000 on illegal
00:31:09 markets, which gives bio-pirates the motivation to catch them.
00:31:13 I can think of better ways to make a living.
00:31:17 Anyway, let's say you've got all the resources necessary to survive in one of the most dangerous
00:31:22 places on Earth.
00:31:23 Do you think you would manage this feat?
00:31:25 Perhaps you think it's impossible.
00:31:27 You'd be surprised at how possible it can be, if you know what you're doing.
00:31:31 It turns out many have visited this scary place before.
00:31:36 Research teams often come there.
00:31:38 They study the golden lancehead snake, its environment, and its food sources for conservation
00:31:43 purposes.
00:31:44 But scientists always make sure there's a doctor on the team.
00:31:49 There's also a lighthouse on Snake Island.
00:31:51 It had been operated by people until the 1920s.
00:31:55 Then it became automated.
00:31:56 One guess why.
00:31:58 Brazilian authorities visit the lighthouse once a year to make sure it's still functional.
00:32:04 Locals on the mainland know the reputation of the island, so the stories of people going
00:32:08 missing are minimal.
00:32:10 But one group of fishers once got too close to the island.
00:32:14 As they were sailing along their normal route, they accidentally neared the shore.
00:32:19 Their boat hit a rock under the waves and began filling with water.
00:32:23 As the boat was quickly sinking, the men had only two options - to try to survive in the
00:32:28 rough sea or swim to the shores of Snake Island.
00:32:32 It was a hard choice to make.
00:32:34 After all, they had heard the stories, and it wasn't just about snakes.
00:32:38 Rumor had it that the island was cursed.
00:32:42 Regardless of the stories, the fishers chose to take their chances with Snake Island.
00:32:47 After making it to the shore, they tried to be careful.
00:32:50 Their knowledge of the island could help them survive.
00:32:53 Most importantly, they knew to avoid the rainforest at all costs.
00:32:58 As the men got hungry, they carefully walked along the edge of the forest, warily collecting
00:33:03 bananas.
00:33:04 They were mostly sitting, waiting, and conserving their energy.
00:33:08 They could only drink water when it rained.
00:33:10 It was just enough to sustain them.
00:33:13 They slept on the beach, unprotected from the elements and weather.
00:33:17 And all the time, they were so close to the comfort of the lighthouse or caves.
00:33:22 They were probably overly cautious, but it was either enduring some discomfort or risking
00:33:27 their lives for a dry bed.
00:33:29 They didn't yield to the temptation.
00:33:33 They managed to survive for three days without being bitten by a snake.
00:33:37 After that, a passing boat finally rescued them.
00:33:41 So now you know, anything is possible.
00:33:46 Imagine you're surfing a perfect wave, and then it suddenly freezes.
00:33:50 Well, it sure sounds creepy, but couldn't possibly happen in real life, right?
00:33:56 Wrong.
00:33:57 You can see mind-blowing frozen waves in Antarctica.
00:34:03 These waves occur when the ice gets compressed, and the ever-increasing pressure squeezes
00:34:07 the air bubbles out.
00:34:09 As for the beautiful blue color, it's the result of ice melting and refreezing.
00:34:17 When the summer begins, an ordinary-looking river in Colombia transforms into a liquid
00:34:22 rainbow.
00:34:23 Caño Cristales, also known as the most beautiful river in the world, sparkles in five colors
00:34:29 -- red, black, green, blue, and yellow.
00:34:35 It only looks like this for six months of the year because the aquatic plant that gives
00:34:39 it the bright hues needs the right water level and amount of sunshine to use its magic.
00:34:48 Australia is home to a unique horizontal waterfall on the coast of the Kimberley region.
00:34:53 It's really just a fast tidal flow moving through two narrow aligned rocks.
00:34:58 The tides can rise 30 feet.
00:35:00 The falls reverse whenever the tide changes.
00:35:06 Also down under is the biggest single rock in the world.
00:35:09 It's so big that it even looks like a large hill.
00:35:12 It has a circumference of 6 miles and is 1,150 feet high.
00:35:18 The edges are eroded since the rock has been around forever.
00:35:24 Most mud brick buildings are seven stories high and were built out of fertile soil, hay,
00:35:30 and water that were made into bricks and left to bake under the sun for days.
00:35:34 The ground floors were used for keeping livestock and grains, and the upper levels were places
00:35:39 for socializing and catching good views.
00:35:45 Antelope Canyon in Arizona, also known as the place where water runs through rock, has
00:35:51 two sections of slotted canyons.
00:35:54 Throughout the years, the water running through sandstone has created a picturesque formation
00:35:59 like no other.
00:36:03 If you ever set foot on the arid soil of the Namib Desert in Namibia, prepare yourself
00:36:08 for an eerie picture.
00:36:10 You'll see countless circular patches between 6 feet to 50 feet in diameter.
00:36:16 Organized in a honeycomb-like pattern, they stretch across 1,500 miles toward the horizon.
00:36:24 These patches are also known as fairy circles, and you might be disappointed by the explanation
00:36:29 of this mystery.
00:36:31 No one knows for sure the origin of these circles, even though there are numerous theories,
00:36:36 from the radioactivity of the soil to the activity of sand termites.
00:36:43 Mount Haleakala in Hawaii is one of the quietest places in the world.
00:36:48 National Park managers nearly failed to find any sounds to measure here.
00:36:53 The place translates from Hawaiian as "house of the sun."
00:36:59 It formed thanks to a volcano that got active one million years ago.
00:37:03 The lava flows built up over the years and grew into a mountain.
00:37:08 It has its own climate and weather that's impossible to predict.
00:37:14 It takes almost a week by ship from South Africa to travel to the world's most isolated
00:37:19 settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas.
00:37:22 You'd need special permission from the local government to visit as a tourist.
00:37:27 About 300 locals all treat each other as family, grow their own food, and keep their island
00:37:32 impeccably clean.
00:37:37 Daintree Forest in Australia is the oldest rainforest in the world.
00:37:41 It has been around for over 100 million years.
00:37:44 Daintree is home to some unique animal species, 12,000 different types of insects, and about
00:37:50 half of Australia's frog, butterfly, and bat population.
00:37:55 The rainforest also has around 3,000 types of plant species.
00:38:02 Rocks that travel are called sailing stones because they seem to move across the dry lake
00:38:06 bed of Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park, California.
00:38:11 As the rocks move, they leave behind a creepy trail that used to have scientists baffled.
00:38:19 After all, some of the boulders weigh more than 660 pounds.
00:38:24 On top of that, some of the trails are curved, while others are mostly straight, with unexpected
00:38:29 turns to the right or the left.
00:38:34 But eventually, NASA experts cracked the mystery in 2006.
00:38:39 It turns out that in winter, the lake fills with water, covering the boulders at the bottom
00:38:44 in ice.
00:38:45 And since ice is pretty buoyant, underwater movements and winds make the stones move across
00:38:51 the lake bed.
00:38:52 In their wake, they leave bizarre tracks, only seen when the water evaporates in the
00:38:57 summer.
00:39:01 Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela is often called the lightning capital of the world.
00:39:06 Thunderstorms arise here 300 days of the year, with a peak in September.
00:39:11 Sometimes there are up to 200 flashes in a minute.
00:39:14 It happens because cool air coming from the surrounding Andes meets with warm air from
00:39:19 the Caribbean Sea and generates electricity.
00:39:25 Some places on Earth have less gravity than others.
00:39:28 Canada's Hudson Bay, for example, used to be covered by a super thick and heavy glacier
00:39:33 during the last ice age.
00:39:35 The ice had pushed tons of rock mass outward when it started to melt.
00:39:42 The smaller the mass of an object, the less gravity it has.
00:39:46 It'll take another 5,000 years for the Earth to get into its original shape in this spot.
00:39:51 Until then, you'll always weigh less here than anywhere else in the world.
00:39:59 Five Flower Lake in China's Zhoujiaogou Valley changes its color from amber-yellow to emerald-green,
00:40:05 dark jade to light turquoise, and sometimes coral.
00:40:11 It never freezes, thanks to underwater hot springs, and never melts or dries up, unlike
00:40:16 other neighboring lakes.
00:40:18 The locals believe it's made up of pieces of a mirror that fell down from the sky.
00:40:26 The surrounding valley has some narrow conic karst landforms, spectacular waterfalls, around
00:40:31 140 bird species, and giant panda along with other endangered plant and animal species.
00:40:40 Cape Denison in the Commonwealth Bay in Antarctica is the windiest place on the planet.
00:40:46 It has unusual downslope winds.
00:40:48 They are formed because of the continent's dome shape and the always-cold climate.
00:40:53 These winds are so fast and strong, they ruin the measuring instruments and the masts they
00:40:58 are attached to.
00:41:00 The record speed so far was 200 miles per hour.
00:41:06 The Sahara Desert, which takes up 10% of the African continent, is extremely hot and dry.
00:41:12 That's why it's one of the top places with the clearest skies.
00:41:16 There's hardly ever a cloud above it.
00:41:18 This, plus the remoteness from any civilization, makes it one of the best spots for stargazing.
00:41:27 In Denmark, people experience blackout-type effects on a pretty regular basis.
00:41:32 Just look how weird it is!
00:41:33 But it gets even more bizarre when you find out that birds are the cause of this unusual
00:41:38 phenomenon.
00:41:41 Every spring and fall, millions of starlings begin their annual migration from Sweden,
00:41:47 Finland, and Norway toward Britain, Belgium, and France.
00:41:51 Denmark is the lucky place where you can observe Sort Sol, the Danish name for "black sun."
00:41:59 The birds travel in large flocks, which makes it easier to exchange information and stay
00:42:04 warm.
00:42:05 Before the birds land, they perform movements that look like dancing.
00:42:09 But in fact, they are making different formations in an attempt to shoo predators away.
00:42:14 And although the birds fly in highly synchronized patterns, people think that the huge flock
00:42:19 changes its shape chaotically.
00:42:24 The "dark sun" lasts only 20 minutes during sunset, and you have to be either fast or
00:42:30 lucky to see this phenomenon.
00:42:35 The secret of the cotton candy color of Pink Sand Beach in Barbuda is the crushed corals
00:42:40 on it and tiny single-celled red organisms living beneath them.
00:42:47 You can see that famous shade when the waves are strong enough to wash that mix ashore.
00:42:52 The secret of impeccable cleanliness of this place is that it has no public facilities
00:42:57 and is less crowded than other Caribbean islands.
00:43:02 It took thousands of years to form Picaninny Ponds in Australia.
00:43:07 This whole time, underground freshwater was slowly moving to the surface through limestone.
00:43:12 It formed a large underwater cavern with white limestone walls.
00:43:16 You'd need a special permit to dive here, and it's definitely worth it.
00:43:23 Batara Gorge Waterfall has three natural bridges for anyone to walk across, take awesome pictures,
00:43:29 and even have picnics.
00:43:30 The waterfall is a result of limestone erosion that's been going on for millions of years,
00:43:35 even though it looks like someone punched a hole right in the middle.
00:43:39 It's located in the village of Tannarine, which is just two hours away from the capital
00:43:43 Beirut.
00:43:47 A village in the Meghalaya state in India is known as the wettest on the planet, according
00:43:52 to the Guinness World Records.
00:43:54 The average annual rainfall here is about 470 inches.
00:44:00 It's a result of warm, moist monsoon winds coming from the Bay of Bengal, bringing clouds
00:44:05 full of rain.
00:44:06 It flows into rivers and waterfalls and never stops.
00:44:10 The locals that work in the fields always wear basket-like covers to protect themselves
00:44:15 somehow.
00:44:18 The village of Leknes, with a population of about 3,500, is located in Norway, above the
00:44:24 Arctic Circle.
00:44:26 It has an unusually warm climate compared to other places in the same latitude.
00:44:30 In January, the average minimum is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and rarely drops below 30 degrees
00:44:36 Fahrenheit.
00:44:37 July average temperature is 53 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:44:40 That's pretty regular for many places in Europe.
00:44:44 Puna Grasslands, Peru A bare desert, rocky land, and one big nothing.
00:44:51 Oh no, wait, there's urethra!
00:44:54 Urethra is a flowering plant that looks so unique, you might actually think it's photoshopped.
00:45:00 Notice how different it is from the rest of the desert.
00:45:03 At first sight, it looks like some rocks covered in moss.
00:45:06 But we're talking about a 3,000-year-old plant found in the freezing Puna Grasslands of the
00:45:13 Andes.
00:45:14 This plant grows in packs, and they're so dense you could stand on top of a urethra
00:45:19 shrub and it'd take your weight without problems.
00:45:24 Spotted Lake, Canada They call it the most magical spot in Canada.
00:45:29 In winter and spring, this is just a regular lake that looks like any other.
00:45:34 But try going there in the summer when the water starts to evaporate.
00:45:38 It'll feel as if you've entered a different world.
00:45:41 A polka-dotted landscape with blue, green, and yellow spots.
00:45:46 Over the summer, there are over 300 pools there, and they look magical.
00:45:52 Over the centuries, people believed each of them had different healing properties.
00:45:57 Oh, and the explanation for the vibrant colors is pure science.
00:46:02 Each of them has a high concentration of different minerals.
00:46:07 Rio Tinto, Spain For more than 5,000 years, the Red River has
00:46:12 been surrounded by mines full of copper, silver, gold, and other minerals.
00:46:18 They give the river its unique reddish color.
00:46:21 People were mining that area for centuries until the whole industry started to fade out.
00:46:26 The mines remained abandoned until they were rediscovered in the 18th century.
00:46:32 The river is quite impressive, but it's also very dangerous for people because of its high
00:46:38 acidity.
00:46:39 The bacteria in the water create similar conditions that can be found in some other places in
00:46:44 our solar system.
00:46:46 For example, scientists believe there's something similar on one of Jupiter's moons, Europa.
00:46:52 An acidic ocean is hidden underneath the moon's surface.
00:46:58 Toyama Bay If you're walking along the shore of Toyama
00:47:02 Bay in Japan, you might be lucky to see mystical neon blue light.
00:47:08 It's coming from underneath the water and lighting up the night sea.
00:47:12 There aren't many places where you can see a phenomenon like this.
00:47:16 It's the firefly squid that's responsible for the breathtaking show.
00:47:20 The creature lives at a depth of more than 650 feet under the surface.
00:47:25 But in spring, they gather near the coast.
00:47:28 Sometimes, waves even wash them ashore.
00:47:31 The light these animals emit is actually camouflage, which helps them to hide and protect themselves.
00:47:38 During the day, the squids go back to the deep, but they come back to party near the
00:47:43 shore at night.
00:47:45 The light they produce isn't so bright you could read a book in the dark, but it's still
00:47:49 quite impressive.
00:47:52 Fly Geyser, Nevada, USA Imagine you're in a space rocket.
00:47:57 At one point, you realize you've entered the atmosphere of some unknown planet.
00:48:02 You haven't even realized it's there.
00:48:04 The planet's gravity starts to pull your rocket down.
00:48:08 Soon, it crash-lands on the surface.
00:48:11 Luckily, your spacecraft is sturdy enough to stay intact.
00:48:15 So you pull on your spacesuit and crawl outside.
00:48:19 Right in front of you, there's something you've never seen before.
00:48:23 Incredible nature, unbelievable colors, and a bizarre mountain-like thing.
00:48:28 And suddenly, it spews out a column of boiling water.
00:48:32 You shake your head.
00:48:33 Ah, this vivid imagination of yours.
00:48:36 You're actually in Nevada, looking at Fly Ranch Geyser.
00:48:40 Don't get disappointed, it's still marvelous.
00:48:43 The geyser appeared in the 1960s when a geothermal power company drilled a hole.
00:48:49 This allowed the groundwater to escape.
00:48:52 And the colors similar to those you can see in Yellowstone National Park?
00:48:56 All because of algae.
00:48:58 Speaking of Yellowstone, that's another place that looks as if it's been imported from another
00:49:03 galaxy.
00:49:04 On an area bigger than the states of Delaware and Rhode Island combined, there are more
00:49:09 than 10,000 hydrothermal features, 500 geysers, and incredible waterfalls.
00:49:16 Singi de Bemaraha, Madagascar.
00:49:20 Now here's the place where you can easily imagine meeting some ancient animals.
00:49:24 You can almost see them hiding somewhere among the pointy rocks going up to 330 feet.
00:49:31 Half of this national park is covered in forest.
00:49:34 And the other half is rocky, formed by the erosion of water.
00:49:38 The place is home to many animals, like chameleons, iguanas, frogs, and lots of different lemur
00:49:45 species.
00:49:47 Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland.
00:49:50 On your quest for the extraterrestrial wonders of our planet, don't forget to drop by Iceland.
00:49:55 There, you'll find the biggest glacier in all of Europe.
00:49:59 In some places, the ice can be more than 3,000 feet thick.
00:50:04 Vatnajökull has 30 outlet glaciers ready to be explored.
00:50:08 Those are channels of ice that once flew out of an ice cap but remain stuck within the
00:50:13 borders of the valley.
00:50:15 As for famous Icelandic ice caves, they're formed when meltwater runs through a glacier
00:50:20 trying to get to the surface.
00:50:22 This usually happens in the summer when temperatures are higher and the water flow is more turbulent.
00:50:28 When the temperatures go down, the water freezes.
00:50:31 That's how the caves are shaped.
00:50:34 Staffa, Scotland, UK.
00:50:38 Staffa is an uninhabited island that looks like a place from a different planet.
00:50:43 Once you see it, you can't shake off the feeling it hides plenty of secrets.
00:50:47 In reality, though, it's a calm spot almost completely taken over by seabirds and seals.
00:50:54 Even so, no one can argue that the incredible rock columns give this place a unique and
00:50:59 mysterious look.
00:51:00 It's always encouraged local people to spread legends about the unusual cave.
00:51:06 The columns themselves formed millions of years ago, mostly because of volcanic eruptions.
00:51:13 Glowworm Caves in New Zealand.
00:51:16 Imagine finding an entrance to a magical cave.
00:51:19 You row your boat, eager to sneak a peek inside, and get rewarded with one of the most beautiful
00:51:25 views ever.
00:51:26 You see a closed cave that looks as if it's under a magnificent starry sky.
00:51:32 You don't need to travel all the way around the Milky Way to find something like that.
00:51:37 Glowworm Caves in New Zealand are there for you.
00:51:40 The caves started forming millions of years ago, and now they have an impressive collection
00:51:45 of stalagmites and stalactites.
00:51:47 But what makes them really special is glowworms.
00:51:51 The caves are home to thousands and thousands of luminescent larvae.
00:51:56 Worms need to attract insects and potential partners.
00:51:59 To do that, they use their tails that glow in the dark.
00:52:03 There are lots of caves like this in the area, and people have been exploring them for over
00:52:08 100 years.
00:52:11 Wuling Yang Scenic Area, Zhangjiajie, China.
00:52:16 This amazing place has breathtaking sceneries and more than 3,000 sandstone pillars.
00:52:22 They look as if nature decided to make its own version of skyscrapers.
00:52:27 Some of them are half as tall as the Empire State Building.
00:52:30 Usually, you can't even figure out where the pillars start.
00:52:34 All you see when you try to make out what's there at the bottom is endless mist.
00:52:39 Two natural stone bridges seem to be floating among the pillars, lost in the clouds.
00:52:46 The Eye of the Sahara.
00:52:48 That's a mystery that's remained hidden for millennia.
00:52:51 This geologic formation is difficult to spot when you're standing on the ground.
00:52:56 That's why it wasn't discovered until people started to explore space.
00:53:01 For some time, scientists thought it was an impact crater created by some space object
00:53:06 hitting Earth's surface.
00:53:08 But after doing the research, they found out the origin of the eye was entirely Earth-based.
00:53:15 These days, geologists believe the eye's formation started over 100 million years ago, when plate
00:53:21 tectonics were pulling apart the supercontinent Pangea.
00:53:25 Molten rock, which was rising toward the surface, created a massive dome made up of different
00:53:31 layers.
00:53:32 Later on, volcanic activity and erosion finished the eye's look.
00:53:39 Baikal Lake, Russia.
00:53:41 The deepest, the oldest, and one of the biggest freshwater lakes in the world is bound to
00:53:46 have some secrets of its own.
00:53:49 The lake is frozen from early January to May.
00:53:52 In the summer, the water is so clear you can see up to 130 feet down.
00:53:57 That's because melted ice from the Siberian mountains is incredibly pure.
00:54:03 There are also no mineral salts in Baikal.
00:54:07 Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia.
00:54:10 It's one of the most extreme places in South America.
00:54:14 The world's biggest salt flat stretches for over 4,000 square miles.
00:54:19 It appeared when prehistoric lakes evaporated thousands of years ago.
00:54:24 A thick, salty crust extends beyond the horizon.
00:54:28 At one point, you're not even sure where the land ends and the sky begins.
00:54:34 The Atacama Desert, Chile.
00:54:37 The world's driest desert is all about rocky landscapes, salt lakes, dunes, and extreme
00:54:43 temperatures.
00:54:44 In some parts of the desert, there's been no rain for almost 500 years.
00:54:49 With no water or nutrients from the ground, there are no plants.
00:54:54 That's one of the reasons why you might feel as if you're on another planet, like Mars.
00:54:59 But wait for the night to fall.
00:55:01 An infinite sky full of stars looks like a window to the universe and its mysteries.
00:55:10 Planet Earth is full of wondrous phenomena.
00:55:12 I mean, can you imagine going for a midnight swim and suddenly finding yourself surrounded
00:55:18 by a glowing blue haze?
00:55:20 As if there were huge pillars of light coming out of the seabed directly toward the surface.
00:55:25 This experience is rare, but it sure is magical.
00:55:29 This chemical reaction is known as bioluminescence, and it can happen in different situations.
00:55:34 One example is when tiny algae organisms migrate closer to the seashore.
00:55:39 When these algae are disturbed, they try to defend themselves by glowing, and it just
00:55:45 happens to create the most beautiful spectacle.
00:55:47 There's another place in the world where you can see a similar thing, but it's caused
00:55:51 by a different creature.
00:55:53 This place is in New Zealand.
00:55:55 Hidden deep within the country's caves live glowworms.
00:55:59 They're the larvae of medium-sized narrow beetles that happen to be luminescent.
00:56:04 If you're lucky enough to tour these caves, you'll feel like floating inside an underground
00:56:09 galaxy.
00:56:11 Recently a video of a super-rare phenomenon started circulating on the web.
00:56:16 Take a quick look at it and see if you can make out what it is.
00:56:19 Ok, it looks like a river, right?
00:56:21 But it doesn't look as if any water is flowing there.
00:56:25 When the Iraqis first saw this happening, they didn't know what it was, so they just
00:56:29 called it the Sand River.
00:56:31 It sure was a good guess, but a flowing river of sand would be something too out of this
00:56:36 world to be true.
00:56:37 It turns out that what these people saw was more or less an optical illusion.
00:56:42 It's not sand, but it's not exactly water either.
00:56:45 Here's what happened.
00:56:47 In arid environments, it's not so uncommon for hail to fall.
00:56:52 And in the case of Sand River, what we actually see is thousands and thousands of floating
00:56:57 hailstones.
00:56:58 Oh, and if you don't know what hail is, it's frozen rain that pours down in the
00:57:02 form of small pebbles of ice.
00:57:04 That would be something to see.
00:57:07 Say you're driving through the countryside and suddenly spot a mushroom-shaped cloud.
00:57:12 Or maybe it's a spaceship of another civilization.
00:57:15 You don't quite know what it is, but you do realize that it's huge.
00:57:19 Should you continue driving toward it, or should you turn around and drive in the other
00:57:24 direction?
00:57:25 Well, you should know that a cloud like this indicates a huge thunderstorm is happening
00:57:29 inside.
00:57:31 And not just a storm, but a mesocyclone.
00:57:34 A mesocyclone is a rotating updraft that can span several miles.
00:57:38 It's usually accompanied by torrential rains and strong winds.
00:57:41 So if I were you, I'd turn that car around and head in the opposite direction.
00:57:48 You know, Thor, I guess he might live inside this next natural phenomenon.
00:57:53 Sometimes, when a volcano erupts, this process can be accompanied by huge thunderbolts.
00:57:59 Scientists often refer to it as volcanic lightning.
00:58:02 We're still debating why this thing occurs.
00:58:04 One of their guesses is that when a volcano erupts, it projects positively charged debris
00:58:09 into the atmosphere.
00:58:11 These charges then react with the already present negative charges, which can produce
00:58:15 a bolt of lightning.
00:58:16 Cool, huh?
00:58:18 The first time anyone witnessed something like this was during the eruption of Mount
00:58:21 Vesuvius in 79 CE.
00:58:23 Nah, it wasn't me.
00:58:26 But here I am wondering, were there or were there not any sightings of Thor?
00:58:31 Hey, sometimes when I work out too much, I get Thor!
00:58:35 Now, all the way down in Senegal, Africa, we'll witness another unbelievable sight.
00:58:41 Some 18 miles north of Dakar, the country's capital, there is a unique lake.
00:58:47 Arriving there, you might imagine you're walking out of a spaceship and stepping on
00:58:50 an unknown planet.
00:58:52 After all, have you ever seen real-life pink water before?
00:58:57 Lake Retba, or Lac Rose as the locals call it, has become internationally famous for
00:59:02 being vivid pink.
00:59:04 And yes, you can swim there if you'd like to.
00:59:06 But you should know that the water there is extremely salty.
00:59:09 Lake Retba is known to be one of the world's saltiest lakes, with a saline level of over
00:59:14 40%.
00:59:15 And in case you're wondering why the water is pink, I assure you this has nothing to
00:59:20 do with otherworldly factors.
00:59:23 It's actually due to high levels of salt.
00:59:26 The algae, Dunaliella salina, is responsible for the pink hue.
00:59:30 These algae produce the red pigment that absorbs sunlight, giving the lake its striking pink
00:59:35 color.
00:59:36 But if you'd like to see the lake at its brightest, you should go there during the
00:59:40 dry season, between November and June.
00:59:43 During other months, rainwater dilutes the pigment, and the color of the lake becomes
00:59:47 less distinct.
00:59:49 Lake Retba has turned into a famous international attraction recently because who wouldn't
00:59:53 love a picture of them swimming in the pink water?
00:59:57 You might've heard of the Aurora Borealis, aka the Northern Lights.
01:00:02 This phenomenon has continued to mesmerize scientists and tourists alike ever since it
01:00:06 was witnessed for the first time.
01:00:08 Now to see it, you have to be pretty lucky.
01:00:10 You'll need to travel to the extreme north or south points of our planet.
01:00:15 And even then, you'll have to hunt this phenomenon down and hope the sky will put
01:00:19 on a show for you.
01:00:21 The Aurora Borealis is an extremely rare phenomenon, and although these greenish lights
01:00:26 look delicate, they're actually the fruit of a rather rough event.
01:00:30 This spectacular light show occurs when energized particles from the Sun slam into Earth's
01:00:35 upper atmosphere.
01:00:37 But it sure is a sight to behold, isn't it?
01:00:40 Can you imagine a hill that never stops burning?
01:00:44 Located in the Arctic region of Canada, the so-called "smoking hills" are an unmatched
01:00:49 sight on our planet.
01:00:51 And here, things get a little science-fiction-y, since some of the minerals found in these
01:00:55 hills have only been discovered outside Earth, on the surface of Mars.
01:01:01 The ground of the smoking hills has been releasing smoke for at least a couple hundred years,
01:01:06 non-stop.
01:01:07 Explorers thought the area was home to an active volcano, but that wasn't the case.
01:01:12 As science explains, the soil in the area is formed by sulfur and coal, and when these
01:01:18 elements get in contact with oxygen, they spontaneously ignite, releasing constant smoke.
01:01:24 I just want to warn you, don't get any touristy ideas.
01:01:27 The environment is extremely hostile to people, the smoke is toxic, and its temperatures are
01:01:32 dangerously high.
01:01:33 So let's move on before smoke gets in our eyes.
01:01:36 Hey, there's a song there!
01:01:39 Have you ever heard of something called a natural snowball?
01:01:43 This can be proof that nature is really perfect.
01:01:46 In 2016, the beaches of the Gulf of Aab, a bay in the Arctic Ocean, filled up with rows
01:01:51 and rows of giant snowballs, think balls measuring up to 3 feet across.
01:01:57 This is a rare yet beautiful phenomenon that happens when smaller pieces of ice end up
01:02:02 getting rolled by strong winds and water.
01:02:04 The further they roll, the more ice they gather, and the more polished this ice becomes.
01:02:09 Such snowballs end up as giant, perfectly shaped spheres.
01:02:13 They look pretty amazing on their own, but hundreds of them together?
01:02:16 Wow, think of it, you could have a snowball fight between giants!
01:02:20 There are also some snowballs that turn into huge rolling donuts.
01:02:24 This shape occurs only in perfect temperature conditions, when the snow is both hard and
01:02:29 fluffy.
01:02:30 A snowball begins rolling down, gathering more and more snow until, suddenly, its middle
01:02:35 part collapses.
01:02:37 This way the snowball acquires its donut shape.
01:02:40 Does it also taste as good as a donut?
01:02:42 No.
01:02:43 Now, let's say you go for a hike, but instead of blue skies, you see a huge cloud of fog.
01:02:51 This may ruin your photo ops, but there's one thing you can hope for.
01:02:55 Foggy days are perfect for a phenomenon known as the fogbow.
01:02:59 Its other name is the white rainbow.
01:03:02 It occurs because of the tiny size of water droplets that form the fog.
01:03:06 They're even smaller than 2 thousandths of an inch.
01:03:09 You know, teeny tiny.
01:03:10 So instead of a multicolored rainbow, you get a transparent one with red outer edges
01:03:15 and a bluish inner border.
01:03:18 Cool!
01:03:19 Hey, ever heard of a fire rainbow?
01:03:22 Yeah, me neither.
01:03:24 How about a circumhorizontal arc?
01:03:26 Didn't think so, but just so you know, they're one and the same thing.
01:03:31 At first glance, it looks like a painting, or like a rainbow-colored splash in the sky.
01:03:36 Despite the name, they have nothing in common with either fire or rain.
01:03:41 This phenomenon happens on rare occasions when the sun shines through a particular type
01:03:46 of ice cloud formation.
01:03:49 The rainbow halos are just as unique.
01:03:51 Again, a specific type of ice crystals and clouds needs to be present for the surface
01:03:56 of the Earth to bend light from the sun into a perfect ring.
01:04:01 The same thing can happen with moonlight.
01:04:03 The only difference will be that moon halos are usually white, and sun halos can be rainbow-colored.
01:04:10 When visiting regions with high altitudes, you may be one of the lucky people to stumble
01:04:15 upon penitentes.
01:04:17 They're basically naturally formed ice spikes.
01:04:20 For them to be formed, they need a really cold and elevated environment where the air
01:04:24 is dry.
01:04:25 The sunlight turns ice directly into vapor, rather than melting it into water.
01:04:30 And that's why these blades of snow and ice start to pop up on the surface of the
01:04:35 Earth.
01:04:36 As cute as they may be, they can end up as tall as 15 feet!
01:04:41 What happens when small, individual droplets of lava meet the wind?
01:04:46 Pele's hair, basically.
01:04:48 Let me explain.
01:04:49 The word "pele" comes from an ancient Hawaiian symbol for volcanoes.
01:04:54 Whenever the wind picks up little drops of lava, it stretches them into hair-like strands,
01:04:59 similar to the process of glass wire creation.
01:05:03 These delicate strands can stretch as far as 6 feet!
01:05:07 On rare occasions, it can rain without any clouds.
01:05:11 But does it really?
01:05:12 Let's look at the science behind this rare phenomenon.
01:05:16 It's sometimes called a "sun shower" just because it looks like the rain is falling
01:05:20 straight from the sun.
01:05:22 Let's be clear, though.
01:05:23 There is no way rain can ever come down directly from a star.
01:05:28 Rain clouds are at a bit of a distance from that specific location.
01:05:32 With sun rays being angled, the clouds become out of sight.
01:05:36 Add a little wind to blow the rain in your direction, and ta-da!
01:05:40 You get sun showers!
01:05:43 Located in Bolivia is a place called Salar de Uyuni.
01:05:46 It's the largest salt flat in the world.
01:05:49 It's also the home of half of the world's lithium, which is a crucial component for
01:05:54 making batteries.
01:05:55 What else is so special about this place?
01:05:59 Whenever the rain season comes, it turns this piece of flat land into a perfectly reflective
01:06:04 mirror lake.
01:06:06 What comes to your mind when you hear about the "Blood Falls"?
01:06:09 A horror movie?
01:06:10 Mwah!
01:06:11 Well, they are merely a series of waterfalls located in one of the driest regions of Antarctica.
01:06:17 They emerge from an underground lake filled with a special kind of bacteria.
01:06:22 These little organisms use sulfates as fuel instead of sugars, which makes them very intriguing
01:06:27 for scientists.
01:06:29 The water contained in this lake is so full of iron that it basically just rusts when
01:06:34 it meets the air.
01:06:35 Hence, the reddish color of the waterfall, which also gives it its trademark name.
01:06:40 Okay, we all know the song, but it's not really made up.
01:06:44 There is actually such a thing called a desert rose.
01:06:47 It's not a plant, though, but a unique form of the mineral gypsum.
01:06:52 It develops in dry sandy places that can occasionally flood.
01:06:56 This constant switching between a wet and dry environment lets the gypsum crystals
01:07:01 emerge between grains of sand, trapping them and forming a rose-like shape.
01:07:07 Ever heard of the Eye of Sahara?
01:07:09 Scientists are still trying to figure out how it was formed.
01:07:13 You can only see it if you fly above it, but it's basically a naturally formed dome that
01:07:18 dates back to approximately 100 million years ago.
01:07:22 And no, I wasn't around then.
01:07:24 It has a rough diameter of 25 miles and consists of a bunch of concentric rings.
01:07:30 The biggest one, or the central area, measures about 19 miles in diameter.
01:07:36 Astronauts were some of the first people to notice it, and it's been studied ever since.
01:07:40 In fact, even to this day, when landing in Florida, they know they're almost home when
01:07:45 they see the Eye of Sahara.
01:07:49 One of the most beautifully colored trees in the world is located in the Philippines
01:07:53 and Indonesia.
01:07:54 It's called the Rainbow Eucalyptus.
01:07:57 It got its name because of its bark that switches colors and peels away as the tree ages.
01:08:03 The bright green bark is the youngest, as it contains a substance called chlorophyll,
01:08:08 usually found in leaves.
01:08:09 It then switches to purple and then to the color red.
01:08:13 And finally, it turns brown as it grows and loses the chlorophyll.
01:08:17 Now, don't be tricked into thinking that's a whole forest.
01:08:21 It's one single tree.
01:08:23 And no, it's not some sort of optical illusion either.
01:08:27 Let me explain.
01:08:29 Underneath that soil, there is a complex network of roots that connects around 47,000 tree-like
01:08:35 shapes you see above the ground.
01:08:38 It's called the quaking aspen.
01:08:40 Some of these trees are among the oldest and largest organisms in the world.
01:08:44 Now, here's a good destination for all travelers.
01:08:48 Or maybe not so good, after all.
01:08:50 The most lightning-stricken area in the world, according to recent data released by NASA,
01:08:56 is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.
01:08:59 Out of all the days in a year, 300 of them feature thunderstorms in this location.
01:09:04 What makes this area so unique, though, that storms happen so often?
01:09:08 Well, it's because where cool mountain air meets the warm moist breeze and generates
01:09:14 electricity over the lake.
01:09:17 The Eternal Flame Falls are located in upstate New York, near the Canadian border.
01:09:22 In this region, there is a tiny waterfall with a big secret – a spark about 8 inches
01:09:28 tall.
01:09:29 Turns out there's a natural gas seep that provides fuel to the flame behind the waterfall.
01:09:34 The waterfall provides enough coverage so that it stays lit pretty much every time.
01:09:40 Hikers do enjoy to relight it if they see that it's been blown out.
01:09:44 This phenomenon is actually quite common, but this one gained more popularity because
01:09:49 it is younger than most.
01:09:51 And it looks very good in pictures, let's be honest.
01:09:54 I've heard of yellow sand, white sand, and even black sand here and there.
01:09:59 But I've never heard of green beaches until now.
01:10:02 Papakolea, also known as Green Sand Beach, is located in Hawaii and is one of the few
01:10:08 beaches in the world that features green sand.
01:10:11 The unique coloring comes from olivine rock that was formed when a nearby volcano erupted.
01:10:18 Actually in Hawaii, all the volcanoes are nearby.
01:10:22 Move over, green sands, because some of the other beaches around the world can even glow
01:10:26 at night, and it's completely natural.
01:10:29 The culprit?
01:10:30 A little thing called photoplankton, or microalgae as they're sometimes called.
01:10:36 They're basically little plants that contain chlorophyll and need sunlight in order to
01:10:40 live and grow.
01:10:43 Most photoplankton kinds are able to float in the upper part of the ocean, where the
01:10:47 sunlight can still reach them beneath the water.
01:10:49 When the photoplankton gets agitated by the movement of waves and currents, they emit
01:10:54 light which looks like some glow during the night.
01:10:58 These special microorganisms are found on beaches in a lot of places around the world,
01:11:03 such as the Maldives, Puerto Rico, and the Everglades.
01:11:08 At the base of a mountain located just outside of Afton, Wyoming, is a little river called
01:11:13 the Intermittent Spring.
01:11:15 There are only 3 of this kind in the whole world, but what makes this little string of
01:11:20 water so mysterious?
01:11:21 Well, the fact that it starts and stops every few minutes.
01:11:25 Scientists have yet to pinpoint precisely why this happens.
01:11:29 They speculate that it's basically just a siphon effect that happens deep within the
01:11:33 ground that causes the river to just start and stop so often.
01:11:37 Should you ever be interested in checking it out, be sure to do so in the late summer,
01:11:42 as that's when the intermittent spring is most active.
01:11:46 Do you see the irony here?
01:11:48 You can only see the spring in the summer?
01:11:50 Okay, I'm done.
01:11:53 You're hiking in the wilderness, looking for a safe spot to set up camp.
01:11:57 All you can hear are leaves and branches crackling under your footsteps.
01:12:01 Some squirrels are running up a tree over there.
01:12:04 But suddenly, something unexpected happens.
01:12:07 You notice something weird in the distance in between the trees.
01:12:11 It kinda looks like a concrete structure of some kind.
01:12:14 Weird.
01:12:15 At this point, you're at least 20 miles deep into the woods, and there are no nearby towns
01:12:20 or villages, as far as you know.
01:12:23 So you decide to go off the trail with your friends to get a closer look.
01:12:28 But as you get nearer, you realize that it's leading to… nowhere.
01:12:32 Hmm, what's it doing here, in the middle of literally nowhere?
01:12:37 And it doesn't even lead to anything!
01:12:39 You put on your Sherlock Holmes cap and investigate.
01:12:43 So, maybe there used to be an old house or mansion here that collapsed over the years,
01:12:48 and the only thing left is a staircase?
01:12:51 But weirdly enough, after circling the bizarre structure, you realize there's no trace
01:12:57 of any ruins or even foundations.
01:12:59 It's like someone just sliced a staircase off their house, cake-style, and plopped it
01:13:05 here for no reason!
01:13:07 Okay?
01:13:08 You and your friends aren't really into getting a whole lot closer.
01:13:12 Something feels wrong.
01:13:14 The longer you look at this weird structure, the more you feel a super creepy presence.
01:13:20 Something tells you you should probably leave the area as fast as possible.
01:13:25 As weird as this sounds, discoveries of random staircases, illogically found in the woods,
01:13:31 are surprisingly common.
01:13:33 Some are made of wood, others of brick or stone.
01:13:36 Some look ancient, while others look like they were finished yesterday.
01:13:40 The one thing they all have in common – they all lead to absolutely nowhere, and they're
01:13:45 all found in super mysterious locations.
01:13:49 One of the most famous ones is in Chesterfield, New Hampshire.
01:13:53 A long medieval-looking staircase, made of stones with Roman arches in the middle of
01:13:58 the woods.
01:13:59 It's believed to have been part of Madame Antoinette Chéry's castle.
01:14:03 She was a big singer back in Paris.
01:14:05 The castle dates back about 100 years, and it was later discovered again in 1962.
01:14:11 This time, there was nothing but a staircase.
01:14:16 Another mysterious ancient staircase dates back to 9,000 years ago.
01:14:20 It's in a forest in Italy.
01:14:22 It looks like a series of stairs that lead to a tiny platform at the top.
01:14:27 Now why go through all the trouble of building the thing if it leads to… nowhere?
01:14:32 Well, some scientists think it could've been some sort of ritual tower, but your guess
01:14:37 is as good as theirs.
01:14:39 There's an anomaly in the Indian Ocean, known as the Indian Ocean Geoid Low, or IOGL.
01:14:47 It produces the largest distorting natural gravitational force in the world.
01:14:52 Heavy mineral deposits, many deep-sea trenches, and magma reservoirs disturb the magnetic
01:14:58 field in this area.
01:15:00 This gravity changes in different places around the planet.
01:15:03 It allows researchers to look for patterns and figure out what's happening beneath
01:15:07 the surface.
01:15:09 Higher gravity fields usually mean denser materials below, and vice versa.
01:15:14 Some scientists believe that the anomaly might be a dent in the planet's mantle that is
01:15:19 working its way up to the crust.
01:15:23 The Niihau Island actually rejects the fruits of today's advancements.
01:15:28 There are no cars in sight since the locals get around on foot or by bicycles.
01:15:33 No wonder their legs have great definition.
01:15:36 They thrive without running water, internet, or shops.
01:15:40 The only school on the entire island is powered by solar energy with a backup generator.
01:15:46 And what's awesome is that it's the only school in the state that's powered by the
01:15:50 sun.
01:15:51 Being a resident of the island, the local explains some ground rules the permanent residents
01:15:56 must abide by.
01:15:57 If they do break these rules, they can be evicted.
01:16:02 Not far from Bangkok, in northeastern Thailand, there's a 75-million-year-old rock formation.
01:16:09 These rocks look like three whales swimming together.
01:16:12 The beautiful design created by nature became known as "Three Whales Rock."
01:16:19 Millions of years ago, this area was just a desert, but the land was changing.
01:16:23 Gradually, sandstone got pulled apart by the movements of tectonic plates and erosion.
01:16:28 That's how these spectacular formations were created.
01:16:33 If you decide to explore this system of trails around Three Whales Rock, you'll find waterfalls
01:16:38 and an abundance of fauna and flora there.
01:16:42 Located on Gamal and Gaiden peninsulas, these expansive pit holes were discovered in 2014.
01:16:49 They seem to be still changing and evolving.
01:16:51 The pits grow wider, and people find them more often.
01:16:55 Of course, there's no shortage of theories about how they appeared.
01:16:59 Suggestions range from meteorite impacts to the activity of other civilizations.
01:17:04 But the most common explanation is that methane gas reacted to water molecules after the planet's
01:17:10 permafrost started to melt.
01:17:12 This resulted in bubbles of methane bursting through the ice.
01:17:16 The craters could be thousands of years old, but nobody knows for sure.
01:17:22 You're driving to the state of New Mexico, to the small town of Taos.
01:17:27 Two percent of the locals hear a strange buzzing in the air every day.
01:17:32 Some residents believe the sound is somehow connected with technologies used by guests
01:17:37 from other galaxies.
01:17:39 Also, there is a theory that something sinister lives in the town.
01:17:44 They say Taos is cursed.
01:17:46 An evil spirit or a phantom punishes people for something their ancestors did in the past.
01:17:52 Scientists still can't explain the nature of this sound.
01:17:55 Another theory says it's caused by unusual acoustics of the location, while others think
01:18:00 the buzzing is a hallucination.
01:18:03 Some can hear it because everybody talks about something, and our minds create an illusion
01:18:08 of the sound that doesn't really exist.
01:18:10 The sound isn't the same for everyone, either.
01:18:13 For some, it's a low hum.
01:18:15 For others, it's more of a buzzing sound.
01:18:18 But this is not the only place where you can hear the strange noises.
01:18:22 It's called the hum, and people worldwide claim to have heard it.
01:18:27 Some dwellers of a small village in Scotland describe it as a low, thick hum.
01:18:32 Well, some residents of Florida heard a similar sound too.
01:18:36 It's not exactly known where this phenomenon appeared, but the first time the media started
01:18:41 talking about it was in the 1970s in England.
01:18:45 Also, there are written records of a mysterious buzzing dating back almost 200 years.
01:18:51 According to some estimates, only about 2% of people on the planet can hear the hum.
01:18:57 Perhaps their ears pick up some low frequency waves, or the reason is something else entirely.
01:19:03 Maybe, just maybe, they hear humming because the person doing it doesn't know the words
01:19:08 to the song.
01:19:09 Yeah, that joke is also 200 years old.
01:19:14 A volcano in Indonesia spews bright blue lava and produces electric blue and purple flames.
01:19:21 This phenomenon occurs because the volcano has some of the highest levels of sulfur in
01:19:26 the world.
01:19:27 You can also know you're near it by its foul stench.
01:19:31 But I digress.
01:19:33 And when sulfuric gases interact with scorching hot air and get lit by the molten lava, they
01:19:39 turn blue.
01:19:40 You can also find the world's largest acid lake inside this crater.
01:19:44 Yep, it's a real stinker.
01:19:48 Underwater rivers and lakes are called brine pools for a reason.
01:19:52 High salinity makes the water in them denser than the seawater around.
01:19:57 That's why it sinks to the bottom, forming rivers and lakes.
01:20:01 Those have waves of their own, and these waves can sometimes lap up against the shorelines.
01:20:06 If you went down there in a submarine, it would easily float on the surface of a brine
01:20:10 pool.
01:20:11 But without a submarine, swimming in such a lake would be too risky.
01:20:15 They contain too much toxic methane and hydrogen sulfide.
01:20:19 Yeah, I'd pass on that too.
01:20:21 But hey, be my guest!
01:20:23 Cave of Crystals in Mexico is home to the world's most unique crystal formations.
01:20:29 Thanks to super-rare conditions in the cave, crystals there grow to unbelievable sizes.
01:20:35 The air inside is incredibly humid.
01:20:37 The water contains tons of minerals that boost the growth of the Milky Way giants.
01:20:42 Some of them are longer than telephone poles.
01:20:46 Cylindrical snow doughnuts occur when a wind gust starts to roll some snow across a snowy
01:20:52 area – as if making a snowball.
01:20:54 If it was a real thing, it would eventually become too heavy for the wind to move.
01:20:59 But a snow doughnut's center is hollowed out.
01:21:02 This happens because its inner layer is too thin and is blown away when the doughnut is
01:21:07 formed.
01:21:08 This makes the thing lighter than a snowball.
01:21:10 That's also why it rolls further.
01:21:13 Unfortunately, snow doughnuts are rare because they need very precise conditions to appear.
01:21:19 The Danikil Depression in Ethiopia is probably one of the most bizarre-looking places you'll
01:21:25 ever see.
01:21:26 It started with neon-colored hot springs, lava pools, and vast salt flats.
01:21:31 You've gotta be especially careful there.
01:21:34 Toxic gases are swirling over hydrothermal fields, and many pools are super acidic.
01:21:40 So don't go swimming.
01:21:42 Until at least 30 minutes after lunch.
01:21:44 Just kidding.
01:21:46 And finally, there's nothing mysterious about 28,000 rubber ducks found in the sea
01:21:51 in 1992.
01:21:52 That's when a ship transporting bath toys got lost in the ocean while traveling from
01:21:58 Hong Kong to the US.
01:22:00 Some of these ducks are still floating in the ocean several decades later.
01:22:04 They've been spotted in South America, Alaska, Hawaii, and even Australia.
01:22:10 And they make bath time lots of fun.
01:22:14 Ooh, rubber ducky!
01:22:22 In Russia, on the shores of the Baltic Sea, there's an enigmatic national park.
01:22:27 The Dancing Forest is a place that no scientist has managed to explain so far.
01:22:32 The pine trees of the forest are all crooked and twisted into loops and spirals.
01:22:37 The forest didn't appear until the early 60s, when the pines were planted in order
01:22:41 to make the sand dune in that area more stable.
01:22:44 One theory is that it's the unstable sand that made the trees twist in such a way.
01:22:50 Other theories for the crooked trees are strong winds, or even supernatural powers.
01:22:55 Some people say the forest is a place where positive and negative energies meet, twisting
01:22:59 the trees.
01:23:01 Local legend says that if a person climbs through one of the rings of a tree, it'll
01:23:06 add an extra year to this person's life, or they'll be granted a wish.
01:23:10 I like that one.
01:23:11 Speaking of bizarre trees, and I was, one grows in the region of Piedmont, Italy.
01:23:17 There, a cherry tree grows on the top of a mulberry tree.
01:23:21 The strange thing is that both trees are perfectly healthy.
01:23:27 A continuous storm at Saturn's north pole has an odd shape – a hexagon.
01:23:32 This is probably because of the gradient of the winds.
01:23:35 The total length of this cloud pattern is 9,000 miles, which is about 1,200 miles longer
01:23:41 than the Earth's diameter.
01:23:43 The hexagon has been observed for many years, but it gets even more mysterious because it
01:23:48 changes color too.
01:23:50 It used to be turquoise, but it has recently shifted to a golden color.
01:23:55 The reason for the color change is that the pole gets exposed to sunlight as the seasons
01:24:00 change.
01:24:03 Rain isn't unusual for Oakville, Washington.
01:24:05 However, this one still doesn't have any solid scientific explanation.
01:24:10 Instead of common raindrops, people watch translucent jelly-like blobs fall from the
01:24:15 skies.
01:24:17 These blobs covered about 20 square miles.
01:24:20 Those who got really close to the rain experienced flu-like symptoms.
01:24:24 What were the blobs?
01:24:26 Researchers claim that the blobs contain human white blood cells.
01:24:30 Later tests showed no presence of nuclei.
01:24:33 Some people claim the blobs might've been evaporated jellyfish resulting in rain.
01:24:38 Or maybe even waste from a commercial plane.
01:24:43 Walking rocks, also known as sailing rocks, move across the Death Valley National Park
01:24:48 in California without any external intervention, leaving long trails in the dirt and sand along
01:24:54 their way.
01:24:56 Various time-lapse footages of the moving rocks have been taken.
01:25:00 Scientists even installed GPS navigators on some of the rocks, and it showed that the
01:25:04 rocks move at a considerable speed.
01:25:07 Some researchers believe that the movement is due to thin sheets of ice that form overnight
01:25:12 at freezing temperatures in the valley, letting the rocks move until it melts during the day.
01:25:18 Or there was a Rolling Stones concert.
01:25:21 Nah.
01:25:23 The Batageka Crater in Siberia looks like a doorway to the underworld.
01:25:29 It's about a half-mile long and over 280 feet deep, but it never stops growing.
01:25:34 As it gets deeper, it exposes more underground layers.
01:25:38 The layers show what our planet looked like thousands of years ago, as the slumps reveal
01:25:43 the used-to-be climates.
01:25:45 The crater appeared back in the '60s, and it all started with rapid deforestation.
01:25:50 Trees no longer cast shade on the ground, and it got hotter.
01:25:53 The permafrost melted, resulting in the crater formation.
01:25:59 The throbbing hum in Taos, New Mexico, has driven locals wild since the 1990s.
01:26:10 The low-frequency hum deprives people of sleep and depletes their energy.
01:26:15 Even though scientists have tried to find the source of the hum, they still haven't
01:26:19 pinpointed its origin.
01:26:21 Different variations of the hum have also been heard in the UK, Australia, Canada, and
01:26:26 other areas of the US.
01:26:28 Luckily, only about 2% of the world's population can hear it.
01:26:32 The hums have been blamed on mechanical devices, multiple disturbances of auditory systems,
01:26:37 and even animals.
01:26:39 The West Seattle hum, for example, was blamed on toadfish.
01:26:45 Fairy rings, also known as elf rings or pixie rings, are mysterious rings of mushrooms that
01:26:51 appear in grasslands and forested areas.
01:26:53 There's a lot of debate about why these fungi form a nearly perfect circle.
01:26:59 Some superstitions claim that fairy dances would burn the ground, causing mushrooms to
01:27:03 rapidly grow.
01:27:06 In Costa Rica, there's an assortment of about 300 spherical stone balls.
01:27:12 Locals call them "las bolas," which is simply "the balls" in English.
01:27:16 These stones have an almost perfect round shape.
01:27:19 Some of them are huge, weighing up to 16 tons each.
01:27:23 They're also made of different materials – gabbro, limestone, and sandstone.
01:27:27 They're considered to have been put in straight lines in front of the chief's houses, but
01:27:32 there's no precise information of their origin.
01:27:35 Some myths claim that these stones originated in Atlantis.
01:27:41 If you ever travel to the Mekong River in late October, you have a chance of seeing
01:27:46 glowing balls rising from the water and beelining up into the air.
01:27:51 Locals call these glowing balls the "Naga Fireballs."
01:27:54 The size of the lights vary.
01:27:56 The reddish balls can be as tiny as a spark and as large as a basketball.
01:28:01 There can be dozens to thousands of balls a night.
01:28:04 Myths don't have any solid explanation for why it happens, but it could be due to flammable
01:28:09 gases released by the marshy environment.
01:28:12 Some superstitious locals are sure it's all because of a giant serpent living in the
01:28:17 Mekong.
01:28:18 Great balls of fire!
01:28:22 In Minnesota, on the north shore of Lake Superior, there's a park known for the Devil's Kettle.
01:28:28 This is a waterfall that splits in two.
01:28:31 One part of the river continues, while the other part disappears into a hole in the ground.
01:28:36 Whatever object you throw into the Devil's Kettle won't reappear.
01:28:41 Scientists still haven't fully explained where the water that drops into the hole goes.
01:28:45 Devil's Kettle is considered to be unsafe for people because it's nearly impossible
01:28:50 to trace the flow.
01:28:51 Yeah, not a place to go tubing.
01:28:55 Grunions are fish known for their bizarre mating ritual.
01:28:59 The females climb out of the water and onto the shore.
01:29:02 They dig their tails into the sand in order to lay eggs.
01:29:05 The legs stay hidden in the sand, waiting.
01:29:08 Ten days later, the high tide comes, washing the newly hatched young to the sea.
01:29:14 Scientists still can't give any solid explanation for this way of breeding.
01:29:20 People who live in rural central Norway, over the Hestalen Valley, can often witness floating
01:29:25 lights of white, yellow, and red cross the sky.
01:29:29 The lights appear both at day and night, and once back in the 80s, they were spotted 15-20
01:29:35 times in a single week.
01:29:37 The Hestalen lights can last just a few seconds, but sometimes they can last more than an hour.
01:29:43 The lights move, seeming to float or even sway around.
01:29:47 Some scientists believe that the reason for these lights is due to ionized iron dust.
01:29:52 Others say it's combustion that includes sodium, oxygen, and hydrogen.
01:29:57 Many people claim they're just misidentified aircrafts.
01:30:02 Yellowstone Park has a famous boiling lake, but it's not the world's only place of
01:30:07 boiling water.
01:30:08 Deep in the Amazon, there's the 4-mile Chania-Timpishka River that's always hot.
01:30:14 The name means "boiled by the sun."
01:30:16 Well, it's not exactly boiling, but it can reach 196°F – enough to cook pasta!
01:30:23 Ooh, let's try that!
01:30:25 The lowest temperature in these waters is about 113°F.
01:30:29 This river still can't be scientifically explained because it would require close proximity
01:30:34 to a volcano for the water to reach such temperatures.
01:30:38 However, the closest volcano is 400 miles away.
01:30:42 But there could be a fault between the Earth that could explain this phenomenon.
01:30:48 In western Venezuela, locals living close to the Catatumbo River aren't afraid of
01:30:53 lightning because they see it almost every single night.
01:30:57 It starts at around 7 o'clock and doesn't stop until dawn.
01:31:01 The everlasting Catatumbo lightning did once stop for a few months, from January to March
01:31:06 2010.
01:31:08 It was probably due to drought.
01:31:09 Or maybe the charge ran out.
01:31:12 In 1991, a scientist suggested that the phenomenon happens because of cold and warm air currents
01:31:18 meeting in the area.
01:31:20 Another theory is that the lightning could be due to the presence of uranium in the bedrock.
01:31:25 Speaking of lightning, I gotta bolt!
01:31:29 Bye!
01:31:33 The Boxing Day Tsunami, Indonesia An undersea earthquake starts in the morning.
01:31:39 Its tremors cause a series of tsunami waves.
01:31:42 The largest reaches the height of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
01:31:46 Unzen Volcano Mega Tsunami A powerful volcanic eruption triggers a landslide
01:31:52 from a 4,000-year-old lava dome.
01:31:55 It sweeps through the city of Shimabara and reaches the sea, setting off a mega tsunami.
01:32:01 The Vagent Dam Mega Tsunami, Italy A landslide drags 9 billion cubic feet of
01:32:07 forest soil and rock into the lake.
01:32:10 A dark wall of water covers the sky over a tiny village at the bottom of the Vagent Dam.
01:32:16 Then with a deafening roar, the wave overtops the edge of the dam, taking out everything
01:32:22 in its path.
01:32:24 Mount St. Helens Mega Tsunami, USA As the volcano erupts, the upper 1,500 feet
01:32:31 of Mount St. Helens collapses into a massive landslide.
01:32:35 Part of this avalanche plunges down into nearby Spirit Lake, which splashes the lake waters
01:32:40 into a series of waves almost as tall as the Eiffel Tower.
01:32:45 Alaska's Lituya Bay Tsunami A landslide caused by an earthquake creates
01:32:50 a mega wave.
01:32:51 It surges over the headland and washes away trees, plants, and soil down to bedrock.
01:32:57 Molokai, Hawaii A third of the East Molokai volcano caves
01:33:01 in and collapses into the Pacific Ocean.
01:33:04 This causes a tsunami the size of the second tallest building in the world, Shanghai Tower.
01:33:10 The waves reach Mexico and California.
01:33:13 The Yucatan Asteroid Tsunami The asteroid, which is rumored to have wiped
01:33:18 out dinosaurs, strikes the Yucatan Peninsula.
01:33:21 It creates a mega tsunami, the largest in Earth's history.
01:33:25 The first wave's almost twice bigger than the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa.
01:33:34 Hurricane Mitch Mitch forms in the Western Caribbean Sea.
01:33:38 Soon it strengthens to become the 8th most powerful Atlantic hurricane ever.
01:33:42 The storm pours 4 inches of rain per hour for 2 days in Honduras.
01:33:47 It causes terrible mudslides and floods.
01:33:51 Hurricane Alan Rare and extremely powerful, the storm is
01:33:54 one of the few to reach Category 5, the highest possible.
01:33:58 It causes more than $2 billion in damage.
01:34:02 The Great Hurricane After tearing down Barbados, the storm moves
01:34:06 on.
01:34:07 It strips the bark off the trees growing on Martinique and St. Lucia and travels further.
01:34:13 This horrific natural disaster lasts for 6 days.
01:34:17 Hurricane Dorian It's the most powerful tropical cyclone
01:34:20 to hit the Bahamas.
01:34:22 The hurricane flattens most of the structures on the islands and sweeps them into the sea.
01:34:28 Hurricane Wilma The storm occurs in the Caribbean Sea near
01:34:31 Jamaica and heads to the west.
01:34:34 Two days later, it gathers enough power to turn into the most intense hurricane ever
01:34:38 recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.
01:34:41 Hurricane Patricia A regular storm develops a well-defined eye
01:34:46 and turns into a Category 5 hurricane within a mere 24 hours.
01:34:50 At one point, it travels faster than a Ferrari moving at its top speed.
01:34:55 It makes Patricia the world's most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
01:35:02 Kamchatka Earthquake It happens in the early morning 80 miles
01:35:06 away from the shores of Kamchatka.
01:35:09 The earth tremors produce a tsunami.
01:35:11 The first two waves are catastrophic, up to 60 feet high.
01:35:16 The third one's much weaker.
01:35:18 Valparaiso Earthquake, Chile It happens at about 5 am along the boundary
01:35:23 of two tectonic plates.
01:35:25 The tsunami, triggered by the earthquake, wipes out 620 miles of Chile's coastline.
01:35:31 Tohoku Earthquake, Japan The first earth tremors start at a great underwater
01:35:36 depth.
01:35:37 The earthquake is so strong, it moves Japan's main island.
01:35:41 It shifts the planet on its axis by up to 10 inches and increases its rotation speed.
01:35:47 The disaster also triggers a tsunami with 133-foot-high waves that travel 6 miles inland.
01:35:55 Indian Ocean Earthquake, Sumatra A rupture along two tectonic plates sets off
01:36:00 an undersea earthquake.
01:36:02 It begins at about 8 am near northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
01:36:06 It makes the planet vibrate nearly a half inch and sets off earthquakes all over the
01:36:11 world up to Alaska.
01:36:13 Good Friday Earthquake, Alaska The most powerful earthquake recorded in
01:36:18 North America lasts for 4 minutes and 38 seconds.
01:36:22 A 600-mile-long crack causes terrible landslides and a 27-foot tsunami.
01:36:28 Areas 200 miles away get raised by 30 feet.
01:36:32 Other places permanently drop 8 feet.
01:36:36 Valdiva, Chile The Great Chilean Earthquake starts in the
01:36:39 afternoon and lasts for no less than 10 minutes.
01:36:43 The disaster affects an area the size of California.
01:36:47 It triggers tsunamis that reach the shore of Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, Australia,
01:36:52 and New Zealand.
01:36:56 The average tornado usually lasts less than 10 minutes, but there are exceptions.
01:37:02 El Reno Tornado It's considered the world's largest tornado
01:37:06 based on width.
01:37:07 At its peak, the twister reaches 2.5 miles across.
01:37:11 The Perryville Tornado, US It occurs at about 2 AM and starts with snapping
01:37:17 hardwood trees and breaking down stone constructions.
01:37:21 Then the whirlwind becomes stronger.
01:37:23 It levels two-story buildings, flips and tosses cars as if they were toys.
01:37:29 Bridge Creek Moore Tornado When the twister gets into the town of Bridge
01:37:33 Creek, its width is at its peak, 1 to 1.5 miles.
01:37:38 The wind speed of the tornado reaches more than 300 mph.
01:37:42 This natural disaster causes $1 billion in damage.
01:37:46 Manitoba, Canada An outstanding tornado rages for nearly 3
01:37:51 hours.
01:37:52 It breaks tons of trees and utility poles, damages roads and farmhouses, but miraculously
01:37:58 misses every town on its path.
01:38:01 Tri-State Tornado, US The world's longest-lasting single tornado
01:38:07 travels 220 miles through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.
01:38:12 The average tornado's path is usually no longer than 5 miles.
01:38:17 Tupelo-Gainesville, US An outbreak that consists of at least 12 single
01:38:22 tornadoes wipes out everything on its way.
01:38:25 The accompanying rainstorms also trigger severe flash floods that make matters even worse.
01:38:34 Valjeant Landslide, Italy At 10 p.m., a landslide with a volume of
01:38:40 100 Great Pyramids of Giza breaks off from the top of Monte Tocque.
01:38:45 It falls into the Valjeant Dam reservoir, producing a tsunami wave taller than the Golden
01:38:50 Gate Bridge.
01:38:51 Yunnan, China An avalanche of rock, stones, and mud so big
01:38:57 it could fill up Sydney Harbor forms a dam on the Jinche River.
01:39:01 The Hida River, Japan Triggered by a rainstorm, 300,000 Olympic
01:39:07 swimming pools of debris flows down before getting stopped by another, earlier landslide.
01:39:13 Along the way, the landslide sweeps two buses off the road.
01:39:17 Peru A rock slide dams the Rio Montenegro, a long
01:39:22 river running through the center of Peru.
01:39:24 The whole process takes no more than 3 minutes, which means the landslide moves at a speed
01:39:29 of up to 87 mph.
01:39:32 It also leaves a trail of debris 5 miles long.
01:39:36 The Usoy Dam, Tajikistan Set off by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, the
01:39:42 rock slide falls into the Mergab River and blocks its flow.
01:39:46 That's how the Usoy Dam, one of the tallest in the world, appears.
01:39:51 Mount St. Helens, USA At 8.30 am, after much build-up, a volcanic
01:39:58 vent finally gives way and sets off a catastrophic eruption, which makes the entire north side
01:40:04 of Mount St. Helens fall away.
01:40:06 It's the world's largest recorded landslide.
01:40:10 North Bonneville, US In the middle of the 15th century, a great
01:40:14 earthquake occurs.
01:40:16 An incredible amount of debris rushes down from Table Mountain.
01:40:20 It covers more than 5 square miles and blocks the Columbia River with a dam 200 feet high
01:40:26 and 3.5 miles long.
01:40:30 If there were cataclysms on Earth every 5 minutes, living conditions on our planet would
01:40:35 be almost the same as 4.5 billion years ago.
01:40:40 Back then, seas and oceans boiled, lightning struck everywhere, tectonic plates changed
01:40:46 their shape, lava flowed from volcanoes, and worse, no Internet.
01:40:52 The Earth resembled a vast boiling cauldron where life was gradually being created.
01:40:57 If it starts to boil again, this cauldron could destroy almost all life on the planet.
01:41:03 Consecutive cataclysms.
01:41:04 Won't hurt to pretend.
01:41:06 Let's imagine, shall we?
01:41:08 Good morning!
01:41:10 You wake up in a small underground bunker.
01:41:12 The seismic sensor indicates that a 7-point earthquake will start in a few minutes.
01:41:17 You pack a huge waterproof backpack and go upstairs.
01:41:21 The underground bunker is protected from seismic activity.
01:41:24 It moves with the ground, so you're safe here.
01:41:28 But you need to leave the shelter because supplies are low.
01:41:31 Also, yesterday, you picked up a radio signal telling all survivors to go south immediately.
01:41:37 The coordinates they gave aren't far from your location.
01:41:40 You have to hurry, though, before the landscape changes again.
01:41:44 You open the hatch and find yourself in the middle of the desert.
01:41:48 The sun is almost invisible beyond the gray sky.
01:41:51 The ground is shaking, but you're not afraid.
01:41:54 There are no houses or buildings, nothing to fall on you.
01:41:57 You keep your balance perfectly, and the earthquake doesn't knock you off your feet.
01:42:02 It's like jumping on a trampoline.
01:42:04 The only danger is the deep chasms in the ground, but you can easily jump over them.
01:42:09 After such an extreme morning warm-up, you decide to have breakfast.
01:42:13 You take a tin can out of your backpack.
01:42:16 You have a few minutes before the next disaster, so you eat and remember how your great-grandfather
01:42:21 told you how all this started.
01:42:24 Before all of this, the planet was divided into territories called countries.
01:42:28 Millions of people lived in them, and then something terrible happened.
01:42:32 The tectonic plates started to move, and the air temperature and atmospheric pressure began
01:42:37 to rapidly change.
01:42:39 In one day, earthquakes destroyed entire cities.
01:42:43 Tsunamis and floods washed away the remaining ruins.
01:42:46 Volcanic ash blocked the passage of sunlight.
01:42:50 Forest fires destroyed almost all vegetation, and eruptions poisoned the air.
01:42:55 Only a few people managed to adapt to such harsh conditions, and you are a lucky duck
01:43:00 to be one of them.
01:43:02 As you finish your breakfast, you're distracted by another ground tremor.
01:43:06 Time to move on!
01:43:07 Many people travel around the world alone, as they consider it a safer way of life.
01:43:12 Some people form small communes, but no one ever stays in one place for too long.
01:43:18 Your whole life is in motion, but you don't panic.
01:43:21 One of the main rules during natural disasters is to remain calm, so all survivors have steel
01:43:27 nerves and excellent physical training.
01:43:30 You run a few miles south and suddenly smell something strange.
01:43:34 You put on a gas mask.
01:43:36 The earthquake has created a limnic eruption.
01:43:39 Natural carbon dioxide is released from the ground to the surface.
01:43:43 You feel comfortable in a gas mask, but can't run fast while wearing it.
01:43:48 Far up ahead, you see a green forest, a rare place that was not affected by fires.
01:43:53 You take off the gas mask and go to the tree to take shelter in the shade from the scorching
01:43:58 sun.
01:43:59 The greenery is rich in vegetation.
01:44:02 Colorful flowers, strawberries, and many other berries grow here.
01:44:06 But you're concerned.
01:44:08 Such fertile land comes from being near volcanoes.
01:44:11 It spews underground magma rich in vitamins and minerals, so vegetation grows.
01:44:17 You can see a high mountain in the distance.
01:44:20 This is the volcano.
01:44:21 An underground push occurs again and provokes an eruption.
01:44:25 You gather strawberries and run away from this place as far as possible.
01:44:30 Lava pours from the volcano's mouth and makes a fire in the forest.
01:44:34 You unhook a folding scooter with a motor from your backpack and drive away from the
01:44:39 fiery mountain as fast as you can.
01:44:42 The sky is covered with volcanic ash, but this is not for long.
01:44:46 A strong wind flows, grows with each passing second.
01:44:50 You realize a hurricane is moving in your direction.
01:44:53 You take out a small shovel and dig a hole in the ground.
01:44:56 The soil is dry, but you have enough strength to dig a small ravine in a couple of minutes.
01:45:02 You dive into the shelter and cover yourself with a protective tent.
01:45:06 The hurricane blows the volcanic ash in different directions, and the air becomes clear again.
01:45:11 But the fire doesn't stop.
01:45:14 The wind spreads through the forest, you get out of the ravine and put on the gas mask
01:45:18 again.
01:45:19 There's a lot of smoke around, and it's unbearably hot.
01:45:22 You know the hurricane couldn't just appear without any reason.
01:45:26 Hurricanes are formed when warm, moist air collides with the sea surface and rises to
01:45:30 the sky, so there's water nearby.
01:45:33 Great, because you're thirsty and want to cool down.
01:45:37 A loud sound erupts behind you.
01:45:39 You turn around.
01:45:40 A massive wave of water approaches the fire.
01:45:44 Without panic, you take your life jacket out of your backpack, remove your gas mask, and
01:45:49 put on a diving mask and fins.
01:45:51 The wave blows you off your feet, but you don't drown.
01:45:55 Over the years of survival, you have learned to swim very well.
01:45:59 You grab a passing tree and wait patiently for the flood to be replaced by another natural
01:46:04 disaster.
01:46:06 For 5 minutes, you sail under a black stormy sky that sparkles with lightning.
01:46:11 Despite the waves, you try to row south.
01:46:14 It's getting pretty cold.
01:46:16 You finally see the shore.
01:46:17 But this is not land, but ice.
01:46:21 A strong wind brought a cold cyclone, which caused a fast temperature change.
01:46:26 It's like you're in Antarctica.
01:46:28 Snow and blizzards are all around.
01:46:30 It's freezing, but you take out a thin space blanket made from foil and walk slowly south.
01:46:36 Under your clothes, you put crumpled paper, bubble wrap, pieces of cotton.
01:46:41 All this also helps to warm your body.
01:46:43 Along the way, you collect several bottles of snow to melt later.
01:46:48 Icicles form on your face, and you can't see because of the snowstorm.
01:46:52 Suddenly, the snow begins to squish under your feet.
01:46:56 The ice melts and turns into water.
01:46:58 A hot stream of air blows into your face.
01:47:01 You find yourself on hard, dry ground, looking up at the sky.
01:47:06 Then at your watch.
01:47:08 Five minutes pass, and the sky is again covered with black clouds.
01:47:12 You take a metal plate out of your backpack and cover your head with it.
01:47:16 A few seconds later, you are hit by heavy rain and hail.
01:47:20 Giant balls of ice knock on the metal shield, but you go calmly and even with a smile on
01:47:26 your face.
01:47:27 The ground becomes wet and loose from icy rocks.
01:47:30 When the hail ends, you pull out all the heat-insulating materials from under your clothes and hide
01:47:36 them in your backpack.
01:47:37 Then you lay out a few long spokes of steel.
01:47:41 The spokes are wrapped with copper wire.
01:47:43 You connect the spokes to each other, making one long antenna.
01:47:47 You stick it in the ground and run away.
01:47:50 After the hail from the rain clouds, lightning strikes the ground.
01:47:54 More precisely, it hits the lightning rod you've just built.
01:47:58 You wait for the storm to end, then take the lightning rod apart and return it to your
01:48:02 backpack.
01:48:03 An intense heat begins.
01:48:06 You drink some melted snow and break your way through the desert.
01:48:09 The Earth trembles, and your adventure begins again.
01:48:13 Earthquakes, carbon dioxide, fires, floods, snowfall, tsunamis, lightning, and again and
01:48:19 again and again.
01:48:21 With the help of a compass, you continue your journey and reach your goal a few months later.
01:48:26 You see a long antenna sticking out of the ground.
01:48:30 This is a placemark for entering an underground city.
01:48:33 The city is built from dozens of massive bunkers connected to each other by tunnels.
01:48:38 The city walls don't allow radiation to pass through, and they don't bend from daily earthquakes.
01:48:45 People learn to extract energy from the ground.
01:48:48 The Earth's core gives heat.
01:48:49 This heat boils water, then steam is formed, and electricity is created at special stations.
01:48:56 People get water from underground lakes and rivers.
01:48:59 Instead of the sun, ultraviolet lamps are installed everywhere, which provide people
01:49:03 and plants with necessary light.
01:49:06 Natural disasters happen on Earth every five minutes.
01:49:10 But humanity still has a lot of space underground.
01:49:15 You're dozing off in your window seat on a plane.
01:49:20 It's getting dark since it's almost 11 p.m.
01:49:23 Suddenly, something wakes you up.
01:49:25 You glance out of the window and see a really strange phenomenon.
01:49:29 Something that creeps you out.
01:49:32 There are bright red huge flashes illuminating the sky at a distance.
01:49:36 They resemble some nightmarish jellyfish.
01:49:39 Those are sprites, also called red sprites due to their color.
01:49:43 They're also known as cloud-to-space lightning.
01:49:47 These varied visual shapes flickering in the night sky are large-scale electric discharges,
01:49:52 which is a clever word for a lightning strike.
01:49:55 They occur high above thunderstorm clouds at altitudes of 30 to 56 miles.
01:50:00 That's why you can see them so well from your plane window.
01:50:04 The coolest thing about sprites is that they're positively charged lightning.
01:50:08 This is a very rare type that makes up a mere 5% of all lightning strikes.
01:50:14 People first spotted this phenomenon in 1886, and it was first photographed in 1989.
01:50:21 In 2018, the legendary Niagara Falls located at the border between New York State and Ontario,
01:50:27 Canada, managed to surprise everyone.
01:50:30 Visitors who came to admire the roaring waters found the falls frozen.
01:50:34 Well, the waterfalls weren't frozen per se.
01:50:38 This is impossible for a mass of flowing water that huge.
01:50:41 But microscopic water droplets, as well as the mist, formed a crust of ice over the rushing
01:50:46 water.
01:50:47 It created an illusion that Niagara Falls was frozen all over.
01:50:52 In reality, the water kept flowing beneath the ice.
01:50:56 Imagine ponds filled with ice-cold water and covered with ice.
01:51:00 Easy, huh?
01:51:02 And now picture dozens of alligator snouts that are poking out of the ponds, still and
01:51:06 frozen in ice.
01:51:08 That's what you'd seen if you had visited the swamps of North Carolina at the beginning
01:51:12 of 2018.
01:51:14 Despite this terrifying picture, the animals were very much alive.
01:51:19 That was a very special crocodile way to survive abnormally cold weather.
01:51:23 Since their nostrils were above water, the animals could breathe.
01:51:27 Meanwhile, their bodies were in a hibernation-like state.
01:51:30 It allowed the animals to conserve energy and stay warm.
01:51:36 In the winter of 2018, the inhabitants of the Sahara Desert, one of the driest and hottest
01:51:41 places on the planet, woke up to discover a thick layer of snow covering the sand.
01:51:46 In some places, its depth reached a staggering 15 inches.
01:51:52 Scientists had an explanation for this exciting phenomenon.
01:51:54 They said that cold pools of air combined with the precipitation of the most recent
01:51:58 storm resulted in snowfall instead of rain.
01:52:03 It happened in June 2009.
01:52:05 People in some areas in Japan left their homes after a heavy downpour, only to find fish,
01:52:11 frogs, and tadpoles everywhere.
01:52:13 Fields, roads, lawns, and house roofs were littered with these creatures.
01:52:19 One man even found 13 carp on and around his truck!
01:52:23 No one knows for sure where this bizarre rain came from, but the most popular theory is
01:52:28 that a powerful water spout picked up the animals.
01:52:32 Then it carried them through the upper atmosphere and dropped them on the unsuspecting people
01:52:36 below.
01:52:39 In Australia, it sometimes rains spiders.
01:52:41 That's because these creatures can balloon.
01:52:44 It's a highly unusual way of traveling.
01:52:47 A spider climbs to the very top of a tall tree or shrub, and then it spins several strands
01:52:53 of silk which then help the spider to be carried away by the wind.
01:52:58 It's not easy to spot ballooning spiders, but sometimes when the weather is especially
01:53:03 damp and unpleasant, mass ballooning occurs.
01:53:07 Millions of spiders set off on a journey to find another place with better conditions.
01:53:12 It may look as if it's snowing outside, but no.
01:53:15 Those are spiders drifting down to the ground.
01:53:20 The world's longest lightning storms happen in Venezuela and can last for 9 hours per
01:53:25 day.
01:53:26 The heart of the storm is over Lake Maracaibo, and the clouds tower way higher than your
01:53:30 regular thunderstorm clouds.
01:53:33 This natural phenomenon, also known as Catatumbo lightning, occurs during 140 to 160 nights
01:53:40 a year and can produce up to 28 lightning strikes per minute.
01:53:45 You've probably heard how they say that lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place.
01:53:49 Well, Catatumbo lightning seems not to know about this rule.
01:53:53 At least it doesn't prevent storm clouds from gathering in the very same place year after
01:53:58 year.
01:54:00 Volcanic tornadoes are possibly one of the most terrifying natural phenomenon.
01:54:05 When a volcano erupts, it spews red hot rock and ash high into the atmosphere.
01:54:10 And solid lava pieces and hot gases travel down the volcano's slope.
01:54:16 When this flow is moving down, some of the trapped gases begin to rise and spin at the
01:54:21 same time.
01:54:23 They get squeezed by the surrounding air which makes them spin faster and faster.
01:54:28 That's how a volcanic tornado gets born.
01:54:31 Luckily, this phenomenon has a very short lifespan.
01:54:36 Even though the island of Newfoundland in Canada can't be called the warmest place on
01:54:40 earth, it's still not that cold.
01:54:43 But imagine having to shovel snow in front of your house just several days before your
01:54:47 summer vacation.
01:54:48 Well, that's exactly what happened on the island in June 2018.
01:54:52 A cold storm that came from the coast of Newfoundland covered several regions of the islands with
01:54:57 a two-inch layer of snow.
01:54:59 On top of that, the temperature broke all the records as well.
01:55:04 During a Newfoundland summer, it's about 66 degrees on average and 90 degrees on a
01:55:09 very hot day.
01:55:10 But that infamous June impressed people with only 37 degrees Fahrenheit in the morning.
01:55:19 Morning glory clouds are extremely rare.
01:55:21 They look like massive tubes stretching across the sky.
01:55:25 They can snake for more than 600 miles, sitting relatively low.
01:55:30 Most researchers agree that these clouds appear when an updraft squeezes through the cloud.
01:55:36 This creates the signature rolling appearance.
01:55:38 The cool air at the back of the cloud makes it sink downward.
01:55:43 The best, but not the only place to see the morning glory is Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria.
01:55:49 If you decide to travel there to see these clouds, choose a period from late September
01:55:54 to early November.
01:55:57 On March 19, 2018, the inhabitants of Alabama saw huge chunks of ice falling from the sky.
01:56:04 It was the infamous hailstorm of Alabama which caused millions of dollars worth of damage.
01:56:10 After the hailstorm, the place looked ruined.
01:56:13 Broken shop windows, smashed car windshields, broken billboards, and holes in the roofs.
01:56:19 But what made researchers really excited was a hailstone found near the town of Cullman,
01:56:25 Alabama.
01:56:26 This softball-sized monster was more than 5 inches across, setting a new state record.
01:56:33 In 2012, the sky over Dorset, England turned first ominously dark, then yellow.
01:56:39 After that, blue gelatinous balls started to fall to the ground.
01:56:43 A local man was walking to his garage when he spotted something unusually bright among
01:56:48 whitish hailstones.
01:56:50 When researchers examined this jelly rain, they found out that the balls were made of
01:56:54 the substance used in diapers or potting soil.
01:56:57 It's used to absorb liquid.
01:56:59 It's still unclear whether the balls fell from the sky or maybe the melting ice made
01:57:04 a few already existing crystals expand in the blink of an eye.
01:57:09 In March 2018, people in northern Nevada could see the rarest and most bizarre cloud ever,
01:57:15 a horseshoe cloud.
01:57:17 It sure looks bizarre and kinda scary, but meteorologists know that this interestingly
01:57:23 shaped vortex happens when a flat cloud travels over a column of warm, rising air.
01:57:29 This air creates the shape and adds some spin to the cloud's movements.
01:57:34 Such clouds are very fleeting and usually last for only several minutes.
01:57:39 Cylindrical snow donuts occur when a wind gust decides to play snowballs.
01:57:44 It starts to roll some snow across a snowy area.
01:57:48 If it was a real snowball, it would eventually become too heavy for the wind to move.
01:57:53 But the center of a snow donut is hollowed out.
01:57:56 This happens because its inner layer is too thin and gets blown away when the donut is
01:58:01 formed.
01:58:02 This makes it lighter than a regular snowball.
01:58:05 That's why it also rolls further.
01:58:07 Unfortunately, you can't just go and find snow donuts.
01:58:11 They're rare because they appear in very precise conditions.
01:58:17 Sala de Uyuni feels like you're standing on top of a large mirror, but it's actually
01:58:21 a salt flat of more than 4,000 square miles.
01:58:24 It's located in Bolivia, South America's highest elevated country.
01:58:29 This natural mirror is a remnant of prehistoric lakes that had evaporated a long time ago.
01:58:34 Even though it may look flat, GPS technology proved that some of the landscape has some
01:58:39 little defaults that are all less than an inch small.
01:58:43 The place is so bogged that it has around 10 billion tons of salt.
01:58:47 If you get there at the right time, some of the nearby lakes overflow with a small layer
01:58:51 of water, which acts as the mirror of the sky.
01:58:54 Many locals extract salt and lithium from here.
01:58:57 Don't forget to pass by the world's first salt hotel when you visit!
01:59:03 You can find a real rainbow mountain in Peru.
01:59:06 Scientists still can't explain it.
01:59:08 The colorful peak is hard to reach, but seeing the blue, red, green, yellow, and pink colors
01:59:13 in nature is something to remember.
01:59:17 Baratara Gorge Waterfall has three natural bridges for anyone to walk across, take awesome
01:59:23 pictures, and even have picnics!
01:59:25 The waterfall is a result of limestone erosion that's been going on for millions of years,
01:59:30 even though it looks like someone punched a hole right in the middle.
01:59:33 It's located in the village of Tanurin, which is just 2 hours away from the capital, Beirut.
01:59:41 The Dead Sea has a high concentration of salt and minerals compared to other seas, even
01:59:46 though it's technically a lake.
01:59:48 Swimming is almost impossible, but people go there for the natural chemicals for the
01:59:52 body.
01:59:53 Floating on the surface is a great way to relax.
01:59:56 This ancient body of water got its name because no macroscopic organisms can live there since
02:00:02 it's 9.6 times saltier than oceans.
02:00:05 Only a few bacteria and fungi can be found enjoying the salt.
02:00:08 It's also Earth's lowest elevation on land at 1,400 feet below sea level.
02:00:16 All the way in Saudi Arabia is a rock sliced perfectly in the middle with two pieces sitting
02:00:21 parallel.
02:00:22 What makes Al-Nasla so unique is that it wasn't artificially done, but is a result of nature's
02:00:28 work over the years.
02:00:31 This glacier may look like someone dropped tons of red paint in the middle of Antarctica,
02:00:36 but it's actually the natural color.
02:00:38 Blood Falls is a result of extreme salted water mixed with iron oxide, giving out this
02:00:43 eerie vibe in the middle of nowhere.
02:00:48 In Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, you can enjoy your coffee just a few feet away
02:00:52 from an actual moving train.
02:00:55 The locals who live in this neighborhood have to make sure no one is on the tracks when
02:00:59 the train drives by twice a day.
02:01:01 On a crowded day, you would have to stick yourself on a wall behind you or head inside
02:01:06 the many coffee shops nearby.
02:01:09 Frozen bubbles are a common thing in Abraham Lake, Canada.
02:01:12 They look like some jelly-like substance, but they're just methane gas produced by
02:01:16 bacteria when they eat the organisms that sink to the bottom.
02:01:20 During the process, methane bubbles are released, but since it's below freezing temperatures,
02:01:25 these bubbles become frozen in place.
02:01:30 Australia is home to a unique horizontal waterfall on the coast of the Kimberley region.
02:01:35 It's really just a fast tidal flow moving through two narrow allied rocks.
02:01:39 The tides can rise 30 feet.
02:01:41 The falls reverse whenever the tide changes.
02:01:44 Also down under is the biggest single rock in the world.
02:01:47 It's so big that it even looks like a large hill.
02:01:50 It has a circumference of 6 miles and is 1,100 feet high.
02:01:55 The edges are eroded since the rock has been around forever.
02:02:01 Antelope Canyon in Arizona, also known as "the place where water runs through rock,"
02:02:06 has two sections of slotted canyons.
02:02:08 Throughout the years, the water running through sandstone has created picturesque formations
02:02:13 like no other.
02:02:16 In the Philippines, you can swim in some of the most crystal-clear waters and discover
02:02:21 an underwater world below you, in the province of Palawan.
02:02:25 The municipality of Coron has white sandy beaches with many small boats riding through
02:02:30 the many amazing sceneries.
02:02:34 Tristan de Cunha is a small volcanic archipelago in the Atlantic with the only neighboring cities
02:02:40 of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Cape Town, South Africa.
02:02:44 It takes 7 days by ship to get to this unique place.
02:02:47 If you want to escape from the rest of the world, staying with the 280 locals will make
02:02:51 you feel like you're away from everything.
02:02:56 An island even more isolated than Tristan de Cunha is Pitcairn Island.
02:03:00 1,350 miles off of Tahiti, this place is a mixture of British, Polynesian, and other
02:03:06 Pacific Islanders living remotely with the volcanic soil used for crops.
02:03:11 The population is around 50 people.
02:03:13 The little island is considered to be the second largest marine protected area.
02:03:18 If you plan on visiting, be ready for a long sea voyage on a supply ship that hosts 12
02:03:24 passengers.
02:03:25 This abandoned fantasy-like railway tunnel in Ukraine is one of the most romantic places
02:03:30 you could visit.
02:03:32 Walking through leaves and lush green plants feels like you're in a fairy tale.
02:03:38 Croatia's Plitvice Lakes National Park is a major tourist attraction and a World Heritage
02:03:43 site with many unique animals and plants teeming around.
02:03:46 It looks like an epic movie set, with infinite waterfalls flowing from every direction and
02:03:51 the clear lakes all around.
02:03:55 Lake Baikal, Siberia is the oldest lake in the world and contains 20% of unfrozen fresh
02:04:01 water on Earth.
02:04:02 It's also the deepest lake in the world, with a maximum depth of 5,400 feet.
02:04:07 It's one of the most diverse places for organisms due to its age and isolation.
02:04:12 More than 1,300 species of animals and 570 plants live here.
02:04:19 An underground crystal cave exists in Mexico, and it looks like some interstellar world.
02:04:25 It's roughly 1,000 feet beneath the surface, with each spike measuring up to 35 feet in
02:04:30 length and weighing up to 55 tons.
02:04:33 These are some of the largest crystals in the world.
02:04:38 Red sand is what makes this beach unique and why tourists flock to Tianjin, China.
02:04:43 A red-colored plant called the Suida Salsa dwells in the saltwater.
02:04:47 The whole beach is covered in red, with only the top layer of the sea visible.
02:04:54 Also in China are the Tianzi Mountains, which inspired a famous Hollywood movie.
02:04:59 These unique mountains spread across 20 square miles located in the Wuling-Yuan area.
02:05:04 Millions of years of rock erosion created this amazing beauty.
02:05:11 All the way over in sunny California is Sequoia National Park, home to the Giant Forest.
02:05:16 It's been around for thousands of years.
02:05:19 More than 8,000 of these colossal trees rule the land, including 10 of the largest living
02:05:24 plants in the world.
02:05:25 The General Sherman Sequoia is estimated to be up to 2,700 years old and is recognized
02:05:31 as the world's largest known living tree by volume.
02:05:36 Japan's Cat Island has a population of less than 10 people and over 120 cats.
02:05:43 The island is located in a remote region, and the locals love it.
02:05:47 If you're visiting this place, make sure to bring someone who loves cats.
02:05:52 Yemen is home to the oldest skyscrapers in the world and the oldest metropolis.
02:05:57 The ancient city of Shebam is considered to be the Manhattan of the desert due to the
02:06:02 collection of mud buildings popping out of the desert floor.
02:06:06 It was used as a caravan stop during ancient times.
02:06:10 These mud brick buildings are 7 stories high and were built out of fertile soil, hay, and
02:06:14 water that were made into bricks and left to bake under the sun for days.
02:06:19 The ground floors were used for keeping livestock and grains, and the upper levels were places
02:06:23 for socializing and catching good views.
02:06:29 The chemical composition of the ancient hot springs in Pamukkale, Turkey, makes the water
02:06:34 pouring over the edge look magical.
02:06:36 They're not only good for cleansing your body, but the mind too!
02:06:40 The shape and formation of these rocks aren't a result of some human's work.
02:06:44 They were created by intense volcanic eruptions.
02:06:48 Scientists are still confused why the Giant's Causeway in Ireland is shaped in such a weird
02:06:52 way.
02:06:54 Sukhutra is an alien-like island off the coast of Yemen in the Indian Ocean, with one of
02:07:00 the most unique trees ever seen.
02:07:02 It's called the Dragon Tree, and it can only be found on this amazing island.
02:07:07 In 2008, it was labeled as a World Heritage Site.
02:07:12 Black Falls in Iceland gets its name from the dark lava columns surrounding it.
02:07:16 The base of the waterfall has sharp rocks.
02:07:19 The entire structure was the inspiration for Icelandic architecture seen in some of their
02:07:23 famous buildings.
02:07:27 That's it for today!
02:07:28 So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your
02:07:32 friends!
02:07:33 Or, if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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