Si les catastrophes naturelles frappaient toutes les cinq minutes, la vie serait comme un montagnes russes de chaos. Juste au moment où vous reprenez votre souffle d'une catastrophe, bam, une autre frappe. Les services d'urgence seraient en heures supplémentaires perpétuelles, et la préparation aux catastrophes pourrait devenir une routine quotidienne. Ce serait comme vivre dans un film de catastrophe sans fin, sans temps pour une suite. Et si notre planète se déplaçait loin du Soleil? Combien de temps nous faudrait-il pour geler complètement?
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00:00 If there were cataclysms every 5 minutes on Earth, the living conditions on our planet would be almost the same as 4.5 billion years ago.
00:10 At the time, the seas and oceans were boiling, lightning struck everywhere, tectonic plates were changing shape, lava was fusing volcanoes, and worse still, no internet.
00:22 The Earth looked like a boiling cauldron, where life was gradually taking shape. If it starts boiling again, this cauldron could destroy almost all life on the planet.
00:33 So, consecutive cataclysms, it wouldn't hurt to imagine.
00:38 What if we imagined all this?
00:40 Hello, you wake up in a small underground bunker. The seismic sensor indicates that an earthquake of 7 on the Richter scale will break out in a few minutes.
00:51 You take a huge waterproof backpack and go underground.
00:55 The bunker is protected from seismic activity. It moves at the level of the ground, so you are safe.
01:01 But you have to leave this shelter because you have little resources.
01:04 In addition, you picked up a radio signal yesterday, telling you that all the survivors had left immediately to the south.
01:09 The coordinates they provided are not very far from yours. You have to hurry before the landscape changes again.
01:16 You open the hatch and you find yourself in the middle of the desert. The sun is almost invisible behind this thick gray sky.
01:22 The ground is shaking, but you are not afraid. There are no more houses or buildings. Nothing falls on you.
01:28 You keep your balance perfectly, and the shaking of the earth does not frighten you to the extent.
01:33 It's like jumping on a trampoline. The only danger is the gulfs flowing in the ground, but you can easily jump over them.
01:40 After this extremely morning awakening, you decide to have your breakfast. You take a can of canned food out of your backpack.
01:47 You have a few minutes before the next disaster. So you eat and you remember your grandfather who told you how it all started.
01:54 Before all this, the planet was divided into territories called "countries".
01:59 Millions of people lived there, then something terrible happened.
02:03 The tectonic plates began to move, and the temperature of the air and atmospheric pressure began to change rapidly.
02:10 In one day, earthquakes destroyed entire cities. Tsunamis and floods took away all the ruins.
02:17 Volcanic ashes blocked the passage of sun rays. Forest fires destroyed almost all the vegetation.
02:23 And eruptions poisoned the air. Only a few people managed to adapt to such conditions, and you are one of the few survivors.
02:32 After your breakfast, you are distracted by another tremor coming from the ground. It's time to move.
02:39 Many people travel the world alone, because they consider it safer.
02:43 Others form small communities, but no one stays in the same place for a long time.
02:48 All your life is in motion, but you don't panic.
02:51 One of the main rules in a natural disaster is to stay calm.
02:56 So all survivors still have steel nerves and excellent physical condition.
03:00 You travel a few kilometers south and suddenly you feel something strange.
03:05 You put on a gas mask. The earthquake created a characteristic eruption.
03:10 The natural carbon dioxide is released from the ground to the surface.
03:14 You feel more comfortable with your mask, but you can't run fast when you wear it.
03:18 Further away, you see a green forest. One of the few places not to have been affected by fires.
03:24 You take off your mask and you run away to shelter from the burning sun.
03:27 This green area is rich in vegetation. Colored flowers, strawberries and many other berries grow here.
03:33 But you are worried. Such fertile land is often near volcanoes.
03:39 It spits rich magma with vitamins and minerals. So the vegetation grows.
03:45 You can see a high mountain in the distance. It's the volcano.
03:49 An underground push is felt again and causes an eruption.
03:53 You pick up strawberries and you run away as fast as you can.
03:57 The lava comes out of the mouth of the volcano and causes a forest fire.
04:01 You take out a folding scooter from your backpack with its engine and you go as fast as you can to burn yourself.
04:08 The sky is filled with volcanic ash, but it won't last long.
04:13 The wind gets stronger and stronger every second.
04:17 You realize that a hurricane is coming straight at you.
04:20 You take a small shovel and you dig a hole in the ground.
04:24 The hole is dry, but you have enough strength to dig a small trench in a few minutes.
04:30 You dive into the shelter of Fortune and you protect yourself with a tent.
04:35 The hurricane blows volcanic ashes in different directions and the air becomes clearer.
04:40 But the fire does not stop. The wind spreads it through the forest.
04:44 You get out of the ravine and you put your gas mask on.
04:47 There is a lot of smoke around and it is incredibly hot.
04:51 You know the hurricane couldn't have happened for no reason.
04:54 It forms when hot and humid air hits the surface of the sea and rises in the air.
05:00 So there is water over there.
05:02 Great, because you're thirsty and you want to refresh yourself.
05:05 A roaring centaurus starts roaring behind you.
05:08 You turn around. A gigantic wave of water approaches the fire.
05:13 Without panicking, you take your life jacket off your backpack,
05:17 you take off your gas mask and you put on a diving mask and fins.
05:21 The wave takes you away, but you don't drown.
05:24 Over time, you have learned to swim very well.
05:28 You hang on to a tree that passes by and you wait patiently for the flood to be replaced by another natural disaster.
05:36 For five minutes, you sail under a stormy and dark sky, where the lightnings flash several times.
05:41 Despite the waves, you try to head south.
05:44 It's pretty cold.
05:46 You finally see the shore, but it's not land, it's ice.
05:51 It's getting colder.
05:53 The temperature drops very quickly below zero.
05:56 And although there is no snow, the cold becomes unbearable.
06:01 Fungus appears on the ground, grass and trees,
06:05 and ice forms on the waterfront at an incredible speed.
06:10 The people of the world look up at the sky.
06:15 And their jaws drop in disbelief.
06:18 The sun has become twice as small as before.
06:22 It now looks like a distant stain, and it will soon be unable to warm the Earth.
06:28 But the worst is that a huge flaming rock is heading straight for the horrified spectators.
06:34 And the impact with our planet will undoubtedly do a lot of damage.
06:39 But let's go back to our reality.
06:43 The Earth is exactly in the right place in our solar system.
06:48 It is neither too close nor too far from the sun.
06:51 This makes the temperature on our planet not only tolerable, but rather pleasant.
06:56 Scientists often call Venus, the second planet from the sun,
07:01 "the evil twin of our Earth".
07:04 Because it is so hot and inhospitable that no life is possible.
07:08 Of course, there is also a thick cloud atmosphere that makes acid rain,
07:13 while greenhouse gases raise the surface temperature to unbearable values.
07:18 But even if Venus did not have all that,
07:21 nothing could live there because of its proximity to the sun.
07:26 If there was liquid water, it evaporated too quickly,
07:30 leaving no chance for life to develop.
07:34 On the other hand, Mars, which comes after Earth,
07:38 is a little too far from the sun, which makes it cold and lonely.
07:43 Its surface temperature is below zero.
07:46 It never heats up enough for the water to remain liquid for a long time.
07:50 Not to mention the lack of atmosphere on the red planet,
07:53 the element that provides the Earth with breathable air.
07:58 So if our planet was getting closer or farther from the sun,
08:03 its temperature would increase or decrease, respectively.
08:08 A few hundred kilometers would not make a big difference.
08:12 The orbit of the Earth around the sun is anyway irregular,
08:16 and we are getting closer or farther away from our star.
08:21 A distance that would make the difference would be measured in millions of kilometers.
08:26 And as we saw at the beginning of this video,
08:29 the distance would be much smaller than now if we were getting so far away.
08:33 Temperatures could not drop at the exact moment of change,
08:37 because we would still have a little thermal inertia.
08:40 But the following winter, our planet would probably become cold forever.
08:45 The oceans would be covered with ice, and the general sea level would drop.
08:50 And finally, the ice would reflect more of the sun's heat in the atmosphere and in space,
08:56 not allowing the surface of our planet to receive the heat it needs.
09:02 In addition, more ice also means less water vapor in the atmosphere.
09:07 But water vapor also captures heat, creating clouds.
09:10 So the colder it gets, the less it rains.
09:13 The cold and lack of rain would not allow plants to survive for long,
09:18 so that frozen and sterile areas would develop quickly,
09:22 leaving only the areas located along the river bank intact, at least for a while.
09:28 After a while, the streams would also stop flowing,
09:32 being either frozen or dried up due to the loss of their source,
09:36 namely lakes and seas, which of course would freeze too.
09:40 All life would also disappear around them.
09:43 Plants first, and with them everything else,
09:46 since plants produce both food and breathable air.
09:50 And in the end, the Earth would become a huge frozen no-man's land.
09:55 As for the flaming giant rock we mentioned,
09:58 it is an asteroid from space due to the displacement of the orbit of our planet.
10:03 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system,
10:06 acts as a natural shield for us against space rocks.
10:10 It has a colossal mass, and most asteroids launched from space
10:14 are trapped by its gravity and fall to its surface.
10:18 There is no life on Jupiter, and its surface is gas-filled,
10:22 so asteroids tend to disappear without leaving a trace.
10:27 Despite everything, some manage to surpass Jupiter,
10:30 and that is when Mars comes into play.
10:33 It also contributes to our defense by keeping the asteroid belt between it and Jupiter in place.
10:40 The combined mass of the two planets creates a gravitational field
10:43 that prevents the asteroids from flying in random directions,
10:48 hitting everything in their path.
10:50 If there was no Mars between us and the belt,
10:53 we would be more used to the weather than to the rain we know.
10:59 Let's say that the Earth is replaced by Mars in its orbit,
11:02 and that we are now a few hundred million kilometers away from the Sun.
11:07 The mass of the Earth is more or less similar to that of Mars,
11:11 so the asteroid belt is still in place.
11:15 But the temperatures will still drop, and life will soon die out.
11:20 But if Mars remained where it is, and the Earth simply moved, it would be a disaster.
11:26 There is no chance that the planets would rotate around the Sun at the same speed,
11:31 because their masses are not equal.
11:33 At some point, they would collide with each other.
11:36 If they were to keep up their speed, they would crack and break,
11:40 creating another asteroid belt in our solar system.
11:45 We would have no hope if the Earth was getting closer to the Sun.
11:50 In addition to the fact that the star would look more like a giant fireball and pitiful in the sky,
11:55 its heat would melt the glaciers of our planet,
11:58 suddenly raising the sea level.
12:02 Water would flood large parts of the continents,
12:05 and a growing surface of the planet would be covered with water,
12:08 which would mean a greater absorption of heat.
12:11 This would lead to a new rise in temperature.
12:14 In addition, these large masses of water would evaporate quickly,
12:18 releasing tons of water vapor and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
12:24 Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that absorbs heat, just like water vapor.
12:30 Together, they would hold back the heat of the Sun,
12:34 creating thick and turbulent clouds in the sky,
12:37 almost like on Venus, but without the acid.
12:40 And this thick layer of clouds would also help heat the surface of our planet.
12:47 In the end, the entire Earth would warm up so much
12:50 that life on its surface would become unbearable.
12:53 You wake up in the morning and you watch the news while having your little coffee.
12:58 "They've done it again! Bloody scientists!"
13:01 shouts the TV news presenter.
13:03 A report was published a few days ago.
13:06 The Moon is moving away from the Earth's orbit.
13:09 Its distance is increasing by 5 cm per year.
13:12 In the last 2000 years, it has moved away by a total of 660 cm.
13:17 It's not a very long distance,
13:19 but the news still shocked people and worried them.
13:22 They gathered around the planet
13:25 to try to stop the Moon from leaving the Earth's orbit,
13:29 even if it won't leave its orbit for a billion years.
13:32 But everyone was focused on the advantages of the Moon.
13:36 It's obvious that life on Earth, as we know it,
13:39 wouldn't have evolved the same way without its existence.
13:42 The Moon controls the tides and the molecules of the atmosphere.
13:46 Without it, humans in particular wouldn't have evolved.
13:50 That's why, because of the recognition of the Moon,
13:53 the top-ranked scientists ordered the best scientists
13:56 to find a solution to bring it closer to the Earth.
13:59 A giant propulsion engine was built on the Moon's hidden side.
14:03 It was turned on and the propellers tried to push it forward.
14:07 But the starting force wasn't strong enough to push the Moon.
14:11 Instead, it tilted the Moon's axis, making it rotate slowly.
14:15 As the Moon was rotating,
14:17 scientists hurried to turn it off
14:19 before the engine reached full power,
14:21 because it was going off course.
14:24 The top-ranked government didn't agree
14:26 and ordered them to pursue the goal.
14:28 Scientists insisted that the calculations weren't correct
14:32 and that they didn't know exactly what could happen.
14:35 Their concerns were ignored
14:37 and they simply had to look at how the engines increased power.
14:41 The engines slowly pushed the Moon and the distance decreased.
14:45 But as it was given at the wrong time,
14:48 the target angle would create complications.
14:51 The Moon's thrust and gravity ensured
14:54 that the Moon followed the orbit at a reduced distance.
14:58 But with the combination of the initial thrust at an indirect angle,
15:02 the Moon was directed far from the Earth
15:05 and quickly moved away from its trajectory,
15:08 to the point of leaving the orbit completely.
15:11 When you finish your breakfast and turn off the TV,
15:15 you go out to look at the Moon.
15:17 It's well above you and apparently in good shape.
15:20 The TV news presenter must have exaggerated.
15:24 You get back to work.
15:26 The Moon's problems are just an accessory issue.
15:29 Even if it's true, how could it affect your day?
15:33 The morning seems normal,
15:35 one day like the others at the office.
15:38 During your breakfast, you go to town
15:40 and you notice that the wind is getting stronger and colder.
15:44 It must be a storm coming.
15:47 You check the Moon's condition.
15:50 It seems smaller,
15:52 about half the size it was this morning.
15:56 But it's the middle of the day,
15:58 so it's supposed to be this size, isn't it?
16:01 After finishing your meal at the restaurant,
16:04 you go and notice that it's darker.
16:07 The wind is much stronger than before,
16:09 but there are no thunderstorms in the sky.
16:12 People in the streets are watching the sky,
16:14 marked by something, probably an eclipse.
16:17 As people start running frantically in the streets,
16:20 you look above you and you don't see the Moon.
16:24 Confused, you decide to go home for the day.
16:28 When you get home, you turn on the TV.
16:31 The TV news presenter, more serious than before,
16:35 explains that the Moon has left the Earth's orbit
16:38 and is heading towards space.
16:41 The loss of the Moon means that the daily cycle has changed.
16:45 There are only 6 to 12 hours of sun per day,
16:48 and more than 1,000 days per year.
16:51 "I'm going to have to work twice as much,"
16:53 you say with enthusiasm, raising your arms in the air.
16:57 The absence of the Moon creates a completely different world.
17:00 It's the gravity of the Moon that keeps the Earth in place
17:03 at an angle of 23.5 degrees,
17:05 which guarantees the weather conditions
17:07 and the normal days we are used to.
17:11 Disconcerted by all this scientific information,
17:14 you go out to check that you are not the victim of a joke.
17:17 The shorter working week seems too beautiful to be true.
17:21 Looking at the sky, you notice that the stars are brighter than ever.
17:27 You can clearly see the outlines of the Milky Way.
17:30 The stars are much more numerous than in your memory,
17:33 and Venus shines much more than all the others.
17:36 It's a magnificent sight,
17:38 but you don't know if the brightness of the night sky
17:41 was worth making the Moon disappear.
17:43 You have never been interested in astronomy.
17:46 You decide to go to bed.
17:48 It's a good idea to adapt to the new cycles of day and night.
17:52 You set your alarm clock to 2 o'clock.
17:54 "It should be long enough," you say happily.
17:57 "Tomorrow is Saturday, after all."
18:00 You have to get up early to go surfing.
18:02 You have to enjoy the waves of the high tide.
18:05 You wake up, pack your things, and go to the beach.
18:09 The news on the radio explains how the Earth
18:11 is now more vulnerable to asteroids than the Moon.
18:15 Then, they talk about some problems with the tides,
18:19 something like the fact that the tide is now
18:21 a third of the size it was before.
18:24 You don't know how this can affect the waves.
18:27 Maybe that means they will be bigger.
18:30 You park on the beach, you take your board,
18:32 and you look at where the waves are supposed to be.
18:35 It should be the high tide, but the sea is,
18:37 strangely, much further than usual.
18:41 You easily get over the constraint of having to walk towards the water.
18:44 After a long walk full of enthusiasm towards the waves,
18:48 your mood changes as you get closer,
18:50 and you look stupidly at the little waves.
18:54 Confused, you go home.
18:57 While driving, you listen to the news
18:59 and pay more attention to the information provided.
19:02 Instead of structured seasons,
19:04 there are only unpredictable weather patterns.
19:07 The winds are faster and stronger,
19:09 which creates stronger storms,
19:12 but in some places, nothing changes.
19:15 The equator is no longer always hot.
19:18 The poles are not always cold.
19:21 The depths of the water decrease.
19:23 Tides are adjusted only to the gravity of the Sun,
19:26 reduced to one third of the depth of the Moon.
19:29 All over the world, seas change their altitudes,
19:32 shrink at the level of the poles,
19:34 and the volume of water around the equator moves.