Chandrayaan-4- India's ISRO and Japan's JAXA to Explore Moon's South Pole - UPSC
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00:00 Hello friends, what's next after Chandrayaan 3?
00:05 Will we see Chandrayaan 4 or Chandrayaan 5 after Chandrayaan 3?
00:10 Before that, I want to tell you that there is a lot of discussion
00:14 about India's ISRO and Japan's JAXA
00:17 and a big plan is being launched for the moon.
00:21 You can see Chandrayaan 3 on moon, India to shift focus on Chandrayaan 4 with Japan.
00:28 So what is this exactly?
00:30 What is the LUPEX mission?
00:32 What are the most important things in this mission?
00:35 What will India contribute?
00:37 What will Japan contribute?
00:39 How long will this happen?
00:40 There is a lot to know in this video.
00:42 Let's move ahead.
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01:18 So let's start.
01:19 And first of all, let's see what exactly happened.
01:22 The success we got from Chandrayaan 3.
01:25 You already know that the lander, Vikram Lander.
01:28 It landed in the exact location as we had planned.
01:34 And I had made a video yesterday that the Pragyan rover has also exited from it.
01:39 The first picture of it has been released by the lander.
01:43 I had uploaded that video yesterday.
01:45 So after this success, the next lunar exploration program.
01:51 You can say that it is ISRO, India's ISRO.
01:55 And also, the JAXA of Japan.
01:58 Both of them will be finalized together.
02:01 Because it was depending on the success of Chandrayaan 3.
02:06 Now, because it has been successful.
02:08 You can say that this mission between India and Japan.
02:13 Which is named as LUPEX.
02:15 It will be announced very soon.
02:17 And what does LUPEX mean?
02:19 Lunar Polar Exploration.
02:21 You can understand it by its name.
02:23 Lunar Polar Exploration.
02:25 The polar region of the moon.
02:27 The upper part of the North Pole.
02:29 Or the lower part of the South Pole.
02:31 We are talking about that.
02:32 India's Chandrayaan 3 lander has landed near the South Pole.
02:37 It is not like the 90 degrees of the South Pole.
02:41 But this program, this mission, LUPEX mission.
02:45 This is the polar region, the shaded region.
02:50 Where it is permanently dark.
02:52 The sunlight does not reach.
02:54 This mission will be launched there.
02:56 I hope you can understand how big this mission is going to be.
02:59 In fact, you can see the mission director of Chandrayaan 1, Anudurai.
03:04 He has said that,
03:06 Obviously, after the completion of Chandrayaan 3 mission.
03:10 It is not like we are going to stop.
03:11 After Chandrayaan 3, there are many plans to be made.
03:14 Chandrayaan 4 will come, Chandrayaan 5 will come.
03:16 Each mission will have a different purpose.
03:18 Like it was told by him.
03:20 Suppose Chandrayaan 2 would have been completely successful.
03:24 Suppose in 2019, if we had been successful in landing our lander.
03:30 We could have taken out our rover from it.
03:32 If this thing would have happened.
03:33 So Chandrayaan 3 would have been basically a sample return mission.
03:37 Because our Chandrayaan 2 was not completely successful.
03:40 Because of this, we were again landed in Chandrayaan 3.
03:44 And the rover was taken out of it.
03:46 But Chandrayaan 4 is going to be a sample return mission.
03:52 This means that next time Chandrayaan 4 mission will be.
03:56 You saw Chandrayaan 3 has landed here.
03:58 Now in Chandrayaan 4, we will go to the moon.
04:01 And bring our lander back to earth.
04:06 Yes, something like this will be done.
04:08 Now see what happens, sample return mission means.
04:11 That landed on the moon.
04:13 And the sample of the rock from there.
04:15 It should be taken back to earth.
04:18 That may be seen in Chandrayaan 4.
04:21 And let me tell you, recently in 2020.
04:23 China successfully conducted the sample return mission through Changi 5.
04:29 China has already done this.
04:31 So somewhere India also needs to move forward faster towards it.
04:35 And you will get the announcement soon.
04:37 But before Chandrayaan 4 or Chandrayaan 5.
04:40 Just before that, this mission with Japan.
04:44 India will also conduct.
04:46 And the name of this mission is LUPEX.
04:48 Now what is this LUPEX?
04:49 See here India's ISRO and Japan's space agency JAXA.
04:52 Together through both of them.
04:54 Will be explored in the polar region.
04:56 See if you look at the moon.
04:58 The side that we always see.
05:01 We call it near side.
05:02 This one you are seeing is your near side.
05:05 The side that we do not see.
05:06 You know how the earth is placed.
05:10 The face of the moon we see.
05:12 So it revolves in this way that we see only one side of the moon.
05:15 I am sure you know this thing.
05:17 So the face side we see is called near side.
05:20 And the side that we do not see is called far side.
05:23 You can see that there are more craters here.
05:25 Small, big, you will see so many craters.
05:28 And this is basically the stain type you are seeing.
05:31 That's why it is said that there is a stain in the moon.
05:33 So basically here you can see the near side.
05:36 Anyway I am talking that our mission with JAXA.
05:40 That will be for the polar region.
05:42 Means the polar region you are seeing above.
05:44 Will be there or it can be down.
05:46 Now it depends on this announcement.
05:48 Most probably I think it will be on the south pole side.
05:52 Now let's see exactly what the announcement is.
05:54 But what is the purpose of this?
05:55 See there are three main purposes in this.
05:57 You should know.
05:58 First is that can we make a base for our long term there or not?
06:03 Means to find out.
06:05 Suppose if we want to make a permanent base on the moon.
06:09 Okay, if we want to build a structure like a building.
06:12 If we can do something by putting a tent.
06:14 Is it possible or not?
06:16 What will have to be done for that?
06:18 So one thing will be seen for its hope.
06:20 Then the second thing is the knowledge regarding lunar water ice resources.
06:25 Again this is the most important.
06:26 Suppose if we want to send a mission on Mars.
06:28 If we want to send a mission somewhere else.
06:30 Then first we will send it on the moon.
06:32 And by refueling there.
06:34 We can easily go to other planets.
06:36 So is there any water capability there?
06:38 How much is it?
06:39 What kind is it?
06:40 That will be seen.
06:41 And along with this, it will also be explored.
06:44 The planetary surface exploration technologies.
06:48 Like vehicular transport has happened.
06:50 Means the transportation we are sending here.
06:53 The rocket that is being sent there.
06:54 Then taking it to another place from there.
06:56 Staying overnight.
06:58 All those possibilities will also be tried to find.
07:03 Now the main purpose of this LUPEX mission.
07:06 The important thing in it is.
07:09 The quality and quantity of water resources.
07:12 This is the most important.
07:14 What kind of quality is the water resources?
07:16 And how much quantity is there?
07:18 This will be seen here.
07:19 And what is the biggest challenge in this?
07:21 Look, I told you here that it will be sent in the polar region.
07:24 And what happens here?
07:25 Up or down.
07:26 These are some areas of yours.
07:28 Which are completely permanently shaded.
07:30 Means the sunlight does not reach there.
07:33 Now the sunlight does not reach.
07:35 Now assume that the mission we just sent.
07:38 We have installed a solar panel here.
07:40 So the sunlight comes.
07:41 So it works like this.
07:43 Assume that we are sending in such a region.
07:45 Where the sunlight does not come.
07:47 So we have to see some other alternative power supply option.
07:53 So it may be that there is a battery on board.
07:56 Means it will be seen of some different kind.
07:59 There will be a battery already present in it.
08:01 And it will be run through that battery.
08:04 Okay, it depends.
08:05 So we can see a lot of different things like lander and such.
08:09 Which we will launch the mission with Japan.
08:11 And what is the contribution of India in this?
08:13 Look, Japan's contribution may be that.
08:16 They will send their rover and launch vehicle here.
08:21 And this lander will be contributed by India.
08:25 Because you have seen that India's lander has successfully landed.
08:29 So somewhere that expertise has come to India.
08:32 And we did a very good soft landing here.
08:34 And along with this, Japan is also going to test it next week.
08:38 You must know that at the end of this month.
08:40 Japan is sending its own moon mission here.
08:45 And that will also be seen very closely.
08:47 How successful it can be or not.
08:49 Anyway, apart from this, the Ahmedabad based physical research laboratory.
08:52 Which is an autonomous unit of the Department of Space.
08:55 They have proposed multiple instruments.
08:57 Which we want to put many instruments in the Lupex mission.
09:01 So that they can do testing of many things here.
09:04 So this is done.
09:05 Now what is the immediate basis for ISRO here?
09:08 Look, what is immediately for ISRO now?
09:11 That is Aditya L1.
09:12 Aditya L1 will be this sun mission.
09:14 You all know that PM Modi.
09:16 After the success of Chandrayaan 3, the announcement he made.
09:19 He also took the name of Aditya L1 in it.
09:21 And what will happen is that the L1 position.
09:24 Which you can see here.
09:26 You can see it between the earth and the sun.
09:29 There are some such positions.
09:31 L1, L4, L5.
09:33 From there you can directly observe 24x7 sun.
09:37 So its main purpose is that.
09:39 The different phenomena of the sun.
09:41 Like solar corona.
09:43 Solar emission, solar wind.
09:45 Flares, coronal mass ejections.
09:48 Will try to observe all of them continuously.
09:51 Which is our Aditya L1 mission.
09:53 Then apart from this, another mission is being said here.
09:55 That a mission will be sent to Venus through India.
09:58 Gaganyaan mission.
09:59 But let me tell you.
10:00 The next biggest mission is going to happen.
10:02 Which will be watched very closely.
10:04 Like we saw the whole country here in Chandrayaan 3.
10:07 In the same way, let me tell you.
10:09 Now India along with NASA.
10:12 India is collaborating with NASA.
10:14 And a human space flight mission will be sent.
10:17 Now what is in this, you have to understand.
10:19 40 years ago, Rakesh Sharma.
10:21 He had gone.
10:23 India had become the first Indian.
10:25 Who had gone to space.
10:26 Now after that you can see here.
10:28 We did that together with Russia.
10:30 Okay, Rakesh Sharma was sent.
10:32 Now the human space flight mission is being sent here.
10:36 ISRO and NASA will send together.
10:38 And this is going to be very important.
10:40 In the future, all the things that will happen in Gaganyaan mission.
10:43 It will help a lot in that.
10:46 It will help a lot.
10:47 So finally the conclusion comes out.
10:49 India-Japan mission.
10:50 That somewhere or the other.
10:51 The collaboration of both countries.
10:53 It is going to strengthen it.
10:54 More of our expertise.
10:56 What we have learned about the moon.
10:58 We will share that.
10:59 So let's see how things happen.
11:01 A lot is going to happen in space.
11:03 A lot of missions are going to come now.
11:05 And I am sure that you all will be excited about this too.
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11:42 [music fades]