Saviez-vous qu'il existe une théorie selon laquelle des tunnels souterrains anciens connecteraient secrètement l'Europe ? Des archéologues ont découvert des passages mystérieux sous des endroits tels que l'Écosse, l'Allemagne et la Turquie, certains datant de plus de 12 000 ans ! Ces tunnels ne sont pas immenses—juste assez larges pour qu'une personne puisse s'y faufiler—ce qui a suscité des hypothèses audacieuses quant à leur utilité. Certains pensent qu'il s'agissait de routes d'évasion secrètes, tandis que d'autres croient qu'ils étaient utilisés pour le commerce, la protection, ou même pour des rituels religieux. Personne ne le sait avec certitude, mais il est fascinant de penser que les anciens ont creusé ces tunnels avec des outils primitifs. Animation créée par Sympa.
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00Tunnels, subways, underground networks, and even secret passages allowing rich and famous people to access houses.
00:07Why do we need tunnels, you may ask, to hide?
00:11Many cities have underground tunnels and even double underground tunnels.
00:15Now, let's be clear, these passages are normally not linked to each other,
00:20contrary to the popular rumor that it would be possible to go from Scotland to Turkey by borrowing secret passages built about 5,000 years ago.
00:29Yes, if building this would seem crazy even today, imagine at the time.
00:33These tunnels are officially called underground shelters, and they were probably built in the Middle Ages.
00:40But we do not know the exact date of their creation.
00:43It is in Bavaria that they are the most numerous, but there are also many in Great Britain and France.
00:49Underground shelters, which are absolutely unique in the whole world,
00:53are characterized by narrow, oval-shaped corridors, and strangling gullets called, in German, schlupf, or slip-outs, in English.
01:02Despite speculation, their function remains a mystery.
01:06However, some of these tunnels are equipped with chimneys and even vents, which could mean that they were mainly used as shelters.
01:14Dating from the Middle Ages, perhaps even from the 12th century,
01:17Underground shelters lack archaeological markers, and we have no historical documents on them.
01:23It is therefore not surprising that many rumors circulate about their function.
01:28Some scientists are convinced that it was a storage space, although their narrowness makes this hypothesis unlikely.
01:35Others think that they were used as hideouts for farmers during tribal invasions.
01:40However, the fact that they have only one entrance questions their effectiveness in escaping threats.
01:46If you feel like Indiana Jones and you want to venture into these tunnels, you are lucky.
01:53Some structures, such as the Erdstahlrattegebüchen in Austria, welcome visitors who want to know more.
02:00However, most underground shelters are closed to the public.
02:04The origins of these underground tunnels remain largely unknown, just like their real function.
02:10And if you say to yourself, we are in the 21st century, we can study almost everything, well, you are wrong.
02:17What makes these tunnels difficult to understand, is their reduced size.
02:21Traditional digging methods often turn out to be unsuitable in such spaces.
02:27To solve this problem, scientists use a portable device equipped with an RVB camera, a gyroscope and a high-resolution depth sensor.
02:36This allows them to record the smallest details inside the tunnels.
02:40They also use modern techniques such as 3D topography, in the hope of discovering the true origins and functions of these tunnels.
02:48A hypothesis even suggests that they were perhaps poorly designed housing, abandoned when their insufficiencies became evident.
02:56However, not everyone agrees with this idea.
02:59Other theories suggest that they were used for spiritual purposes.
03:03While according to the most crazy idea, these tunnels would be the remains of extraterrestrial civilizations.
03:09Experts however think that they were simply used for practical purposes.
03:14For storing goods, or as a hideout against thieves.
03:17As we do not have precise information on their origin.
03:21It is possible that anyone, even a lazy person, could have built them.
03:25No, I'm not crazy.
03:26Lazy people can actually build giant tunnels.
03:29Look back.
03:30In 2009, a farmer from the south of Brazil was driving his tractor in a corn field, when he suddenly plunged into the ground.
03:38He quickly realized that he had crossed the top of an underground tunnel.
03:43When the researchers came to investigate, they found a passage about 2 meters high by 2 meters wide, extending about 15 meters, and just below the farmer's house.
03:54Looking closer, they noticed deep marks of claws on the walls.
03:59It was proof that the tunnel had not been dug by men.
04:02What this farmer had discovered was a mega-fauna ditch, a prehistoric tunnel dug by ancient creatures, such as lazy people or giant tattoos, more than 10,000 years ago.
04:13I know it's hard to imagine these animals, but let me help you.
04:17Take a hamster.
04:19Now imagine it as big as an elephant.
04:22And do not forget, this hamster 4 meters high can also walk on two legs.
04:27At the time, about 15 million years ago, and until 10,000 years ago, many species of lazy people and giant tattoos roamed the Americas, and some dug this kind of tunnel.
04:39Today, many of these tunnels are filled with sediment, even if some remain clear, like the one our farmer discovered.
04:48This discovery in 2009 aroused great interest, leading to the discovery of more than 1,500 ditches in the south of Brazil, making it the region in the world where the concentration of such sites is the highest.
05:01But no one knows exactly why there are so many in the south of Brazil.
05:06Although some ditches exist throughout South America, there are none in North America, which is strange, because these huge lazy people traveled all over the continent.
05:17The exact function of these large tunnels remains a mystery, but scientists believe that they served as a post-natal space for temperature regulation or hibernation.
05:28The tunnels probably developed over the centuries, as successive generations of lazy people and tattoos enlarged them.
05:35Now, let's take a look at the Fugu.
05:38No, this is not a very dangerous Japanese sleep, nor a city in New Guinea.
05:44To see them, we must go to the United Kingdom.
05:47Fugu are also underground structures, but they do not look exactly like tunnels.
05:53These are dry stone structures.
05:56They look like caves decorated with stone.
05:59We have only found about fifteen so far, and most are still drowning.
06:04According to estimates, these tunnels would have been built about 2,400 years ago, and they are still in perfect condition, which is really fascinating.
06:13At the time, people did not have modern machines, and yet these structures are still there.
06:20Can you imagine buying an apartment today and learning that it will always be there in two and a half millennia?
06:26To go back to our Fugu, their supposed function is nothing extraordinary.
06:31They could be used for spiritual purposes, such as hiding places or as a pantry.
06:36This last function, however, is a bit surprising.
06:40I guess it's no secret to anyone that England is known for its excessive humidity,
06:47and that if you want to keep your food well, you have to avoid humidity at all costs.
06:52Otherwise, you can say hello to mold and mushrooms.
06:57But the ancient peoples were not stupid at all, otherwise they would not have survived, and you and I would not be here today.
07:05They may have used these Fugu to store certain products, products that have a natural mold,
07:11and thus contributed to the conservation of perishable food, such as milk, butter and cheese.
07:17But hey, that's just a guess.
07:20The true function of these tunnels remains unknown.
07:24What makes the Fugu unique is that they are deliberately built tunnels,
07:28and not dug mines as we find in the Gallic countries, for example.
07:33They were made by the excavation of deep trenches,
07:36then covered with stone slabs, stone feasts, before pouring ramble.
07:41All this took a lot of time and effort.
07:44However, whatever the difficulty,
07:47cities around the world are often built on complex, unique network of tunnels in each place.
07:53For example, Paris is famous for its vast underground quarries,
07:57which were abandoned years ago, but which still present a risk of collapse in some areas.
08:03London has one of the largest network of tunnels in the world,
08:06many of which have been specially created for military purposes.
08:10In New York, rumors circulate about the existence of secret tunnels.
08:14While in Los Angeles, there are old tunnels dating from Prohibition, used by illegal boats.
08:20Many other cities have enigmatic tunnels.
08:23And surprisingly, Florida is no exception.
08:26Let's go back to 2011, in Ybor City.
08:30Near an old post office, a flood made something strange appear.
08:35The remains of an unknown structure.
08:38At the time, people didn't really pay attention to it.
08:41And it was only 7 years later that we discovered something really fascinating.
08:46This historical district was founded in the 1880s.
08:50But until 2018, it was ignored, as it also housed a network of hidden tunnels.
08:55We only discovered it thanks to renovation work.
08:59Their exact function, of course, is unknown,
09:02but most scientists are convinced that they were used to connect the first playrooms to the port of Tampa.
09:09It is difficult to determine the extent of this network of tunnels.
09:13In 2018, we found locked doors in a historical house in Seminole Heights,
09:19leading to tunnels dating from the 1920s.
09:22A resident even claimed to have gone through a tunnel for about 20 minutes.
09:27According to some rumors, these tunnels would connect the Hillsborough River to Ybor City.
09:33Research continues, but no new information has yet been revealed.