Bienvenidos a WatchMojo Español y hoy analizaremos los crímenes que afectaron al sistema legal y dieron forma a las leyes que regimos.
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00:00At least 38 residents of this apartment building heard her screams and did nothing.
00:05Hey, hello and welcome to Watch Mojo Español.
00:08I am G, and today we will analyze the crimes that affected the legal system
00:12and shaped some laws in our society.
00:16I just signed into law the Emmett Till Anti-Lynching Act.
00:21Veronica Gerin.
00:22The fierce investigative journalist Veronica Gerin
00:25was one of the most respected in her field in Ireland during the 1990s.
00:30I'm not the only crime reporter that, you know, does this.
00:33And I think that the regrettable thing is that we're all probably targets, unfortunately.
00:38Known for building solid relationships with her sources,
00:41Gerin came to the last instances in her stories,
00:44putting her own personal security at stake to ensure interviews.
00:48She also did not run away from controversial issues.
00:50In the end, her work on the coverage of organized crime
00:53led her to death when a drug cartel in southern Dublin ordered her murder in 1996.
00:59After her death, the Irish parliament
01:02enacted the Law on the Products of Crime and the Law on the Office of Criminal Assets.
01:08That seminal moment in which Veronica was shot, I think woke people up.
01:13It was a shock to the system, to everybody in the country,
01:16that, you know, these people are gaining the ascendancy in our society and we have to stop them.
01:22These two laws allowed the government to confiscate assets acquired with money from criminal activities
01:28and led to the formation of the Office of Criminal Assets, Carl Stark.
01:34After her son was murdered in the parking lot just outside her house,
01:38Anita Warren Kennedy pressed to see a change in the law.
01:41We want everyone to know that he never had an enemy and had the purest heart.
01:47On August 18, 2015, two men attacked Carl Stark, who had autism.
01:51While he was shopping in a store near his house.
01:54When Stark left, the men followed him and then killed him during a failed attempt to steal his car.
02:00The loss our family has suffered doesn't make sense.
02:04It is something that you never expect to happen.
02:07In 2016, Carl's law was officially enacted in the state of Florida.
02:12The law allows the reclassification of criminal offenses
02:15when the victim involved has a mental or physical disability,
02:19which allows officials to issue more severe punishments.
02:23Andrew Harper.
02:24On August 15, 2019, police officer Andrew Harper responded to a robbery.
02:37While trying to catch one of the suspects,
02:40Harper was trapped in a trailer that hung from the back of the escape vehicle.
02:45Harper was dragged for more than a kilometer before getting off the trailer.
02:50He was declared dead moments later.
02:53His death received national attention and caused an important public protest.
02:57Their case for murder was that the teenagers knew the officer was behind the car
03:02and had intended to kill him.
03:04But the jury wasn't convinced and convicted on manslaughter instead.
03:28Tracy Thurman.
03:30After months of horrible abuse and relentless harassment,
03:33Tracy Thurman was attacked by her husband in front of her house.
03:36A police officer was at the scene, but despite the brutality of the attack,
03:40the officer did not intervene.
03:42In fact, Thurman's husband attacked her twice during the incident,
03:46inflicting even more wounds, before the officer finally arrested him.
03:57Thurman took eight months to recover and was left with partial paralysis.
04:02In an unprecedented process, the woman sued the city and the police department
04:07for violating their civil rights.
04:09The case caused a significant change in domestic violence laws throughout the United States,
04:14including the Family Violence Prevention and Response Law in Connecticut,
04:18which makes arrests in domestic violence cases mandatory.
04:28Drew Shodden.
04:30On Saturday, November 22, 2003, Drew Shodden finished her shift at the local mall,
04:35made some purchases and then went to her car.
04:39It seemed to be a typical day for Shodden,
04:41but her friends and family began to worry when she later did not show up for her other job.
04:47She was found dead the following week.
04:49Her killer was identified as Alfonso Rodríguez Villanueva,
04:53who had been working at the mall since the beginning of the year.
04:56Shodden was arrested and charged with first-degree murder.
04:59He was also charged with first-degree murder.
05:02He was also charged with first-degree murder.
05:05His killer was identified as Alfonso Rodríguez Jr.,
05:08a convicted sexual offender recently released from prison.
05:12Rodríguez was classified as a level 3 sexual offender at the time,
05:17which indicated that it was very likely that he would reincide.
05:20After Shodden's murder in 2006,
05:22a law was passed that created the National Public Website of Sexual Offenders Drew Shodden.
05:36The registry allows users to access information about sexual offenders throughout the country.
05:42Manson Family Murders
05:45While almost everyone is familiar with the infamous Manson Family Murders,
05:50few people realize how the sect's crimes affected the legal process.
06:06After the murder of Sharon Tate's mother, Doris Tate,
06:10she became an activist who fought for the rights of victims.
06:13She joined the Victims Reconciliation Group and Justice for Homicide Victims.
06:18She was also key to passing the Victims Rights Act in 1982.
06:23Today, victims of all states can make statements
06:27about the impact of violence on the lives of violent attackers,
06:30either in writing or verbally during the legal process.
06:43Doris Tate was even the first person to make a statement
06:46about the impact of violence on the lives of victims
06:49when her words were read aloud in a hearing of conditional freedom
06:53for a member of the Manson Family sect in 1976.
06:57Kayden Mancuso
06:58Jeffrey Mancuso had a history of explosive anger and mental health problems.
07:02He disfigured a man in a fight in 2012 and mistreated animals in front of his family.
07:08But despite these violent tendencies,
07:10he was granted the right to visit his daughter Kayden without supervision.
07:20His mother fought to keep Kayden safe by requesting restraining orders.
07:24But it was useless.
07:25On August 6, 2018, after a scheduled visit with his father,
07:29Kayden Mancuso was found dead in his house.
07:32Kayden's mother and father-in-law, afflicted,
07:34fought to change the custody laws.
07:36And in 2024, the governor of Pennsylvania signed Kayden's law.
07:55The law strengthens existing security conditions and restrictions
07:59to help prevent abuse in cases of visits ordered by the court
08:03and increases the factors that judges must consider before granting custody.
08:08The Dumblane Massacre
08:10On March 13, 1996,
08:12a local merchant entered Dumblane's primary school in Scotland and began shooting.
08:24In less than five minutes, he killed 17 people and injured another 15 before committing suicide.
08:29The attack is still the deadliest mass shooting in the history of the United Kingdom.
08:33As a result of the Dumblane Massacre,
08:35afflicted parents and activists asked for a significant reform of the guns.
08:39After an intense public debate,
08:41private ownership of most guns and semi-automatic weapons was banned the following year.
08:55Parliament also promulgated the mandatory registration for gun owners.
08:59In the decades since the Dumblane Massacre,
09:02no other massive shootings have occurred in schools in the United Kingdom.
09:06Helen McCurt
09:07On February 9, 1988, Helen McCurt went home after work.
09:12She had plans with her boyfriend and was looking forward to preparing for his date,
09:16but she never made it home.
09:25As evidence arose, it became clear that Helen had been the victim of a crime.
09:29Although her body was never found,
09:31the authorities were able to gather enough evidence to convict the owner of the pub,
09:35Ian Sims.
09:36McCurt and Sims had argued shortly before his disappearance.
09:40Helen's mother advocated for a new legislation on convicted murderers
09:44that hides information about their victims.
09:46McCurt's mother, Helen McCurt,
09:48Helen's mother advocated for a new legislation on convicted murderers
09:52that hides information about their victims.
10:02According to Helen's law,
10:03criminals who hide information about their victims face longer sentences.
10:08The law received the royal sanction in 2020.
10:11Sims was released before the law was passed
10:13and then died without ever revealing the location of Helen's remains.
10:17The murder of pro-civil rights activists in Mississippi.
10:20In June 1964, during the support of the Civil Rights Movement,
10:25an important initiative was launched to register black voters in the south of the United States.
10:43It was called the Summer of Freedom.
10:45In Philadelphia, Mississippi, the Ku Klux Klan was not happy with that.
10:49They launched their own campaign, one of terror and intimidation,
10:53to counteract the initiative.
10:55Three activists, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner,
10:59disappeared and were later found dead.
11:02The murders provoked national indignation.
11:05Finally, 19 people were accused in connection with the crime,
11:09including the local sheriff.
11:16The events led to a new historical federal legislation
11:20that prohibits racial discrimination in voting,
11:23the Law of Voting Rights,
11:25which became law on August 6, 1965.
11:30All over the world,
11:31many women have lost their lives at the hands of their partners or ex-partners.
11:35On International Women's Day 2014,
11:38a law was implemented in England and Wales
11:42that could significantly reduce the frequency of these tragic incidents.
11:58The Clare Law,
11:59also known as the Domestic Violence Disclosure Plan,
12:02grants a person the opportunity to find out
12:04if their partner has a history of violent behavior.
12:09The law takes the name of Clare Wood,
12:11an English woman who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend George Appleton.
12:22Appleton had served a prison sentence for violence against women,
12:26a history that Wood did not know at the time.
12:29Today, other parts of the UK, Australia and Canada have adopted the Clare Law.
12:35Daniel Morkham
12:36On December 7, 2003,
12:38Daniel Morkham was last seen waiting for a bus somewhere in Queensland, Australia.
12:43According to reports,
12:44when the bus finally arrived,
12:46he did not stop to pick it up because the driver was late.
12:49Ultimately, for Daniel, the difference between life and death came down to just three minutes.
12:55A tiny moment in time,
12:57but as it so tragically turned out,
12:59certainly long enough for evil to strike.
13:02Morkham was apparently kidnapped shortly after by Brad Peter Cowan,
13:07a well-known predator,
13:09and was declared missing until eight years later,
13:11when his remains were found.
13:13In 2014, Cowan was arrested and sentenced to life in prison.
13:18And then you heard those three words,
13:21guilty, guilty, guilty.
13:24I muttered under my breath, yes.
13:26I wanted to scream out, but I just knew I couldn't do that.
13:29As a result of the case,
13:30Australia implemented the policy of
13:32No Child Stays Behind,
13:34which forces bus drivers to always stop
13:36and pick up children even if they can't pay the fare.
13:40Leah Rigby
13:41Leah Rigby was a British Army soldier
13:43who lost his life in an attack on May 22, 2013.
13:46Rigby's attackers, Michael Adebolayo and Michael Aldebolaue,
13:50claimed to have carried out the attack in retaliation
13:53for the victims of British military action in Islamic countries.
13:57A terrible murder has occurred.
13:59We've launched an investigation led by the counter-terrorist command,
14:02and we've made two arrests in relation to that awful crime.
14:06The two men waited in the place until the police arrived,
14:09when they were subjected and arrested.
14:12It is believed that Adebolayo and Adebowale
14:14had been radicalized in recent years
14:16to commit a crime of this kind.
14:18British converts to Islam
14:20had gloried in Leah Rigby's barbaric murder,
14:23according to the judge.
14:24It was a crime that had appalled the nation.
14:28Three protesters were arrested outside the Old Bailey
14:31as the men were sentenced.
14:33In an attempt to avoid more cases like this,
14:35the then British Prime Minister,
14:37Therese May,
14:38introduced the Law on Security and Counterterrorism in 2015.
14:42The bill requires internet providers
14:44to keep records of users
14:46who access from certain IP addresses.
14:49Andrew Bagby and Zachary Turner.
14:51The 2018 documentary
14:53Dear Zachary, a letter to a son about his father,
14:56or querido Zachary,
14:57details the tragic case of Andrew Bagby and Zachary Turner.
15:02Bagby was an American medicine student
15:05who studied in Canada
15:07when he met Shirley Turner.
15:09I was excited.
15:10I thought that maybe he had found somebody
15:12that he, you know, could really be happy with.
15:17But it turned out that way.
15:19They had a son, Zachary,
15:21whom Bagby never saw
15:23because Turner killed him months before the child was born.
15:26While he was on bail,
15:28Turner gave birth to Zachary
15:30and remained under his custody.
15:32However, before he could be tried
15:34for Bagby's murder,
15:36his son's life was taken.
15:38After the documentary was released,
15:40the Canadian parliament approved the Sacharis Bill law
15:43that would deny freedom under bail
15:45to people with the argument that,
15:47by doing so, they would protect their children.
15:49It doesn't bring either of them back,
15:52but it's the best we can get.
15:54We hope it will save lives.
15:56We'll never know for sure.
15:58Poisoning with Tylenol in Chicago.
16:00It's likely that we won't buy a bottle of free medicine
16:03if the seal is broken.
16:05That level of security is only possible today
16:07thanks to the Tylenol incident in Chicago.
16:10In 1982, several bottles of Tylenol
16:13were manipulated
16:15and mixed with potassium cyanide.
16:27As a result,
16:28seven people who consumed the lethal capsules
16:30in the Chicago metropolitan area
16:32lost their lives.
16:34This led to a national withdrawal
16:36of all Tylenol products
16:38by its manufacturer, Johnson & Johnson.
16:40The company also worked with
16:42the Food and Drug Administration
16:44to introduce sealed bottles,
16:46which have now become the standard in the industry.
16:57In 1983, it became a federal crime
17:00to manipulate consumer goods
17:02after the US Congress
17:04passed the Anti-Manipulation Federal Law.
17:06Amanda Todd.
17:07In September 2012,
17:09a video was uploaded to YouTube
17:10in which a girl shared the story
17:12of her mental health problems
17:14using some marked cards.
17:15About a month later,
17:17the video began to gain popularity
17:19after it was reported that the girl Amanda Todd
17:21from Canada had taken her life.
17:31According to the reports,
17:32this was largely due to a man
17:34harassing and blackmailing her online.
17:36Todd's senseless death
17:38provoked national debates
17:40about cyberbullying and mental health.
17:42This led Canadian politicians
17:44to approve the C-13 bill,
17:46which identifies as a crime
17:48to distribute private images
17:50of another person without their consent.
17:57It also includes provisions
17:59that could help the police
18:01stop these cases.
18:02George Floyd.
18:03George Floyd's murder
18:05at the hands of a Minneapolis police officer
18:07in Minnesota in 2020
18:09triggered protests in the United States
18:11and around the world.
18:25In addition to demanding justice for Floyd,
18:27many protesters also demanded
18:29a broad police reform
18:31and the end of police brutality.
18:33Although the police justice law
18:35by George Floyd was approved
18:37by the House of Representatives,
18:39it faced opposition in the Senate
18:41and negotiations failed.
18:43However, in response to the incident,
18:45Presidents Donald Trump and Joe Biden
18:47signed executive orders
18:49that addressed police training
18:51and accountability.
18:53In addition, more than 20 states,
18:55the United States and the District of Columbia
18:57have signed executive orders
18:59to prevent such tragic violence.
19:01Sam's son.
19:03Over the years, several laws
19:05such as Sam's son have been introduced,
19:07but the general objective
19:09is always the same.
19:11To prevent criminals
19:13from economically benefiting
19:15from their crimes
19:17after being convicted.
19:19This goes back to the fear
19:21that David Berkowitz,
19:23Sam's son,
19:25would steal a book or a movie
19:27while he was in prison
19:29to tell his story.
19:31Different states have rewritten
19:33their own version of this law,
19:35just so that some of them
19:37were prosecuted for being unconstitutional.
19:39In the state of New York,
19:41victims and their families
19:43will receive a notification
19:45if the criminal earns more than $10,000
19:47for telling their story.
19:49It is a delicate balance
19:51between freedom of expression
19:53and freedom of expression.
19:55If you see a child being mistreated,
19:57you generally have the moral obligation
19:59to inform the authorities.
20:05However,
20:07in the state of Indiana,
20:09making a blind eye
20:11may result in you being accused
20:13of a crime.
20:15This law, known as the law
20:17of the mandatory complainant,
20:19was greatly promulgated
20:21by Gertrude Baniszewski
20:23while her parents traveled
20:25with a fairy.
20:27Instead of taking care of her,
20:29Baniszewski, along with some
20:31of her children and neighbors,
20:33made her life impossible
20:35and caused her death
20:37on October 26, 1965.
20:39Although some neighbors
20:41reported hearing
20:43Likens scream for help,
20:45it was not enough
20:47to save a girl's life.
20:49Perhaps the two individuals
20:51of our next entry were not known,
20:53but their place in history
20:55was vital for the expansion
20:57of the definition of hate crime
20:59in the United States.
21:01The Law of Prevention of Hate Crimes
21:03Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr.
21:05was introduced and approved
21:07in the fall of 2009,
21:09after both men lost their lives
21:11as a result of prejudice
21:13and intolerance.
21:19The law not only facilitated
21:21federal authorities to investigate
21:23cases of this nature,
21:25but also expanded the office
21:27to include perpetrated crimes
21:29due to the gender or sexual identity
21:31of a person.
21:39Although it cannot compensate
21:41the meaningless loss of these two lives,
21:43it could be said that
21:45they have helped many people
21:47to seek justice after these crimes.
21:49The Port Arthur Massacre
21:51The city of Port Arthur,
21:53in Tasmania, Australia,
21:55was the scene of one of the most
21:57horrendous crimes in the history of the country.
22:07On April 28, 1996,
22:09Martin Bryant
22:11killed 35 people
22:13and injured another 23
22:15with a semi-automatic rifle.
22:17The massacre shocked the entire nation
22:19and led to a national debate
22:21on gun control laws in Australia.
22:23As a result of the tragedy,
22:25the Australian government
22:27acted quickly to introduce
22:29the National Firearms Agreement,
22:31or NFA for its acronym in English.
22:45This agreement significantly restricted
22:47the access to automatic
22:49and semi-automatic weapons,
22:51and also included a program
22:53to repurchase recently banned firearms.
22:55Since then, Australia has seen
22:57a considerable reduction
22:59in deaths related to firearms.
23:01Emmett Till
23:03In 1955, Emmett Till,
23:05an African-American teenager,
23:07was visiting relatives in Mississippi
23:09when he was allegedly lynched
23:11for flirting with a white woman.
23:13Despite the overwhelming evidence
23:15of his guilt in Till's murder,
23:17the perpetrators were acquitted
23:19by a jury made up
23:21exclusively of whites.
23:23The trial and subsequent indignation
23:25for the verdict helped galvanize
23:27the movement for civil rights
23:29and led to the approval
23:31of multiple historical laws.
23:43In 2008, Emmett Till's
23:45Unresolved Civil Crimes Act was enacted,
23:47which allows for the investigation
23:49and processing of racial-motivated crimes
23:51that occurred before 1970.
23:53This was followed by
23:55Emmett Till's Anti-Lynching Act
23:57in 2022, which recognizes lynching
23:59as a federal hate crime.
24:09These laws serve as a compromise
24:11to seek justice for victims
24:13of racial violence.
24:15Polly Klass was kidnapped
24:17at home during a pajama party
24:19on October 1, 1993,
24:21and the tragedy had effects
24:23of great reach in the California legislature.
24:25To begin with, the support for the laws
24:27of the three crimes gained a lot of ground.
24:29Its kidnapper, Richard Allen Davis,
24:31had a long criminal history,
24:33although there were no open
24:35arrest warrants when the police
24:37arrested him at first.
24:39The idea that serious criminals
24:41should comply with automatic
24:43perpetual chains when committing
24:45multiple serious crimes was facilitated
24:47by Davis's repugnant and impenitent
24:49behavior during the trial.
24:51In addition, the California Highway Patrol
24:53expanded access to their bulletins
24:55from all points to local authorities
24:57after Polly's death.
24:59Rebecca Schaefer.
25:01Living life under the public eye is not easy,
25:03especially when harassers and
25:05obsessive fans come into play.
25:07Fortunately, this was what caused
25:09the loss of the young actress of
25:11My Sister Sam, Rebecca Schaefer.
25:17Robert John Bardo harassed the actress for years,
25:19trying to sneak into
25:21the set of My Sister Sam,
25:23and even hiring a private investigator
25:25to find out where Schaefer lived
25:27through the California
25:29Motor Vehicle Department.
25:31Bardo finally shot Schaefer
25:33in his house, and his death
25:35forced legislators to enact
25:37stricter anti-harassment legislation
25:39as a result.
25:47The driver's privacy protection law
25:49also became law
25:51after this incident,
25:53which makes it difficult for others to find
25:55personal information through the
25:57Motor Vehicle Department.
25:59We're waiting for you to come home.
26:01We're doing everything in our power to get you back.
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28:21If you are a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning, if you wish one.
28:26His confession was considered inadmissible as evidence, and the state of Arizona had to re-trial him with said confession omitted from the file.
28:35The Supreme Court case, Miranda v. Arizona, now requires that all officers who arrest someone
28:41inform him of his right to remain silent and have a lawyer.
28:45The department was forced to drop the charges because you forgot to read him his Miranda rights.
28:51Amber Hagerman. Most people are familiar with the Amber Alert,
28:56since they inform us when the case of a missing child in our area happens.
29:06However, it is of vital importance that we remember the alias of the alert, Amber Hagerman.
29:12While riding a bicycle in 1996, Hagerman was kidnapped and murdered.
29:18His murderer was never found.
29:20The case increased the demand for an immediate response to any type of similar report involving minors.
29:25And today, Amber Alerts are broadcast on radio, television, telephone, internet,
29:30and road communication devices to maximize public awareness and response.
29:41There are also alerts related to the disappearance of elderly people,
29:45called Silver Alerts and Police Alerts, known as Blue Alerts.
29:50Adam Walsh. The kidnapping and death of Adam Walsh is possibly the best known case on this list,
29:56thanks largely to the public presence of Walsh's father, John, as the most sought-after presenter in the United States.
30:07Even so, it is impossible to exaggerate how much the Walsh family has worked to help the families of the victims over the years,
30:13since Adam's case was partly responsible for the establishment of the National Center for Disappeared and Exploited Children.
30:20Adam's kidnapping in a commercial center in Florida was also the drive for the Adam Code program,
30:26which is used in minority environments.
30:28Now, an employee will send information through the intercom to help find a child who has been denounced as missing.
30:44Hey! We haven't reached the end yet, but we're almost there!
30:48Make sure to subscribe to our channel and activate the bell to receive notifications of our latest videos.
30:54Very well, let's see the last place.
30:56Kitty Genovese.
31:02Marking 9-11 seems such an instinctive act that it is easy to forget that it was not always like this
31:07what the police were called in case of emergency.
31:10Winston Mosley followed, attacked and stabbed Kitty Genovese while returning home after a night shift at a bar.
31:17The crime had multiple witnesses, the neighbors of Genovese,
31:21but some were too scared to call the police, while others had difficulties communicating online.
31:28People are looking out their windows, they see Kitty Genovese here, they see her struggle to her feet.
31:34At that moment, any emergency would be called to the operator,
31:37who would then transfer the call to the corresponding authorities only when he had the opportunity to do so.
31:44You didn't see anything? She was lying in that courtyard all night. It was dark.
31:48This late response, in part, would influence the establishment of the 9-11 emergency system that we use today.
31:55Do you know other cases of real crimes that influenced the law? Tell us in the comments.
32:00Do you trust the police?
32:06Do you trust courts?
32:10Do you trust your state government?
32:13Do you trust your federal government?
32:16Did you like this video?
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