フロンティア 2025年2月4日 選 モアイの真実 イースター島 繁栄と崩壊
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00:00:00Chapter 1
00:00:05There is a landscape that can only be seen by those who cut to the cutting edge.
00:00:21In the early 18th century,
00:00:23a group of European explorers arrived at a remote island.
00:00:33There, they saw a strange sight.
00:00:45A long face with a unique beard.
00:00:48A giant stone statue with a maximum weight of 200 tons.
00:00:59How did they make it?
00:01:03A giant stone statue with a maximum weight of 200 tons.
00:01:11Wives are incredible.
00:01:15A small island of 60 kilometers in circumference.
00:01:19There are 1,000 statues of wives.
00:01:26What were they made for?
00:01:30Western preconceptions, they don't understand how it could have been done.
00:01:34It leads to notions of the mystery of Easter Island,
00:01:37and the mystery is really just what visitors didn't understand.
00:01:44The statue fell to pieces.
00:01:49Western researchers who saw it
00:01:53thought that the once prosperous civilization was on the verge of collapse.
00:02:03But the locals...
00:02:07If there's one thing that I would like people to take from Rapa Nui,
00:02:10it's that the history has been narrated by a very selected group of people.
00:02:15There are different realities.
00:02:19Now, local people and researchers are working together
00:02:24to dig up the history of the truth.
00:02:30And our connection with each archaeological site.
00:02:33For example, this place has a direct connection with a family.
00:02:41What happened on this island?
00:02:48We search for the truth hidden in the Moai statue.
00:03:00The Moai Statue
00:03:16The Moai statue is on this island.
00:03:23If you look at it from Japan, it's almost the other side of the earth.
00:03:30The Pacific Ocean, Chile.
00:03:33The island is 3,700 km long.
00:03:43Easter Island.
00:03:51In the local language, it means Rapa Nui, the wide land.
00:04:00The population is about 8,000.
00:04:09It was formed by the eruption of a volcano.
00:04:30The two American archaeologists are cooperating with the locals
00:04:36to solve the mystery of the island and the statue.
00:04:50The existence of Easter Island became widely known in the early 18th century.
00:05:00In 1722, a Dutch explorer discovered a small island in the South Pacific.
00:05:13He named it Easter Island.
00:05:19The name Easter Island comes from the first Europeans arriving here on Easter Sunday.
00:05:26The modern traditional name is Rapa Nui.
00:05:29And the older traditional name is Tepito Tehenua, which really means the navel of the world,
00:05:35which probably reflects the island's isolation and or its centrality as the whole world.
00:05:41There, he saw a unique statue of a windmill.
00:05:48It was a Moai.
00:05:56The statue was the whole island.
00:06:02The statue was the whole island.
00:06:07The statue was the whole island.
00:06:21Things lined up in a line.
00:06:25Things lying down.
00:06:29Things with something on their heads.
00:06:33Different shapes and shapes.
00:06:41In fact, most of the Moai statues are made in the same place.
00:06:48Easter Island
00:06:56The volcano in the east of Easter Island, Rano Laraku.
00:07:03Its altitude is about 200 meters.
00:07:06There is a huge eruption crater at the top.
00:07:10Rano Laraku
00:07:16This is the workshop that produces the Moai.
00:07:36It's amazing being up this high in the quarry
00:07:38and all the work and quarrying out of the bedrock and statues this big
00:07:41that way up here had to be taken down the slope.
00:07:44You can see several Moai being carved.
00:07:47The large Moai here.
00:07:49And you can see the beginnings of Moai up on the side as well,
00:07:52high up here in the quarry.
00:07:59The rocks around here were made by volcanic ash.
00:08:04It's as soft as stone, so it's easy to work with.
00:08:16The Moai are carved in three dimensions.
00:08:20First, they are carved along the rocks,
00:08:23and then they are carved out from the front.
00:08:27Finally, they are cut off from the back,
00:08:30which is connected to the rocks.
00:08:33Once they are cut off from the back, they are complete.
00:08:56In other words, the Moai that were made here in Rano Laraku
00:09:00were carried here and there across the island.
00:09:10Right next to the quarry is the Afu Tongariki.
00:09:16Here, 15 Moai line up,
00:09:19and the large ones are over 8 meters long.
00:09:24It's close to Rano Laraku,
00:09:27but it's still about 900 meters long.
00:09:37The Afu Tahai on the west coast,
00:09:40where the same large Moai line up,
00:09:43is 14 kilometers away from the quarry.
00:09:48Western preconceptions have colored the view of Rapa Nui in many ways.
00:09:53Seeing the Moai, seeing the monuments here,
00:09:56they can't imagine how people would move them
00:10:00with no wooden carts or wheels,
00:10:03because they don't understand how it could have been done.
00:10:06It leads to notions of the mystery of Easter Island,
00:10:09and the mystery is really just what visitors didn't understand.
00:10:17The Mystery of Easter Island
00:10:25At first, Western archaeologists thought
00:10:29that the Moai were carried on top of a wooden cart.
00:10:40But now, that idea is being denied.
00:10:48These are impressive things, aren't they?
00:10:52How would they be in this position, face down, and the neck broken?
00:11:00On the island, there is a Moai statue left lying on the roadside.
00:11:07They found something in common with the fallen Moai statue.
00:11:13The bottom part of the Moai statue is not flat,
00:11:17but has a slanted angle.
00:11:43The story of the Moai has been told for a long time.
00:12:13The story of the Moai
00:12:33Moai
00:12:37Walked
00:12:46This is a video of an experiment conducted in 2011.
00:13:07But we were able to do a 5-ton statue with 18 people.
00:13:16Indeed, the Moai walked.
00:13:20But with this method,
00:13:23they may have fallen on some kind of surface.
00:13:28Archaeologists thought that the Moai, whose neck was broken,
00:13:33had fallen on the road.
00:13:43The Moai, which are found all over the world,
00:13:47were built with the wisdom and ingenuity of the islanders.
00:13:58The story of the Moai
00:14:13A Moai statue with a unique style.
00:14:18In fact, the Japanese and the Moai are connected by a special bond.
00:14:31Japan is the only country in the world
00:14:35where it is officially recognized to build a Moai statue.
00:14:40The Sanmeisenichinan Moai in Miyazaki
00:14:46is a replica of the Moai
00:14:50that was officially recognized by the Easter Island.
00:14:55So it is positioned to hide the other islands.
00:14:59The reason why Japan and the Easter Island
00:15:03established a deep relationship
00:15:07In May 1960,
00:15:10the Great Earthquake of magnitude 9.5
00:15:13made Chirioki a new site.
00:15:19The huge tsunami
00:15:22caused damage to both Japan and the Easter Island.
00:15:27The eastern ruins of the Easter Island,
00:15:31called Aftongariki, were destroyed.
00:15:36The Moai statue was abandoned without any restoration.
00:15:40Japan responded to the local people
00:15:43who wished for a reconstruction.
00:15:49A construction company brought in a large crane
00:15:53and brought the Moai back to its original form.
00:15:58As a sign of appreciation and bond,
00:16:02Japan was given the privilege
00:16:05to build an official Moai statue
00:16:08that was not recognized by other countries.
00:16:14The Japanese craftsman
00:16:17built the Moai statue in Miyazaki.
00:16:21After that, the Moai statue was built all over Japan.
00:16:25Today, it is built in more than 80 locations.
00:16:30The north is Hokkaido,
00:16:33and the south is Ishigaki Island in Okinawa.
00:16:37You can see that Japan is Moai Red
00:16:41while the Easter Island is Sanagara.
00:16:46There is another reason
00:16:49why so many Moai statues are built all over Japan.
00:16:55The excavator, which became a bestseller in 1958.
00:17:01The handcrafted raft,
00:17:04the Kon-Tiki-Go,
00:17:07and the Moai statue.
00:17:11The handcrafted raft,
00:17:14the Kon-Tiki-Go,
00:17:17and the Moai statue.
00:17:22The Easter Island became popular in Japan
00:17:26when the translation of Thor Heyerdahl
00:17:29was published in 1958.
00:17:32Since then,
00:17:34the mystery of the world
00:17:37has been introduced to the world.
00:17:43A magazine with the Moai statue as a logo was also published.
00:17:50In 1979,
00:17:53a catch-copy called
00:17:56Challenging the Mystery of the World
00:17:59was published.
00:18:01About 12,000 years ago,
00:18:05there was a huge continent in the Pacific Ocean.
00:18:09The name of this continent was Mu.
00:18:12However, the environment changed dramatically
00:18:16and it sank to the bottom of the sea overnight.
00:18:20The lost continent Mu
00:18:23was named after the magazine.
00:18:28But not all of it sank.
00:18:31The high mountains remained as islands.
00:18:34The Easter Island was located
00:18:37in the highest point of the continent.
00:18:40It was the area of the gods.
00:18:43The Moai statue was located here.
00:18:50The magazine has been supported by occult fans
00:18:54for 40 years.
00:18:59But is this true?
00:19:03In my opinion,
00:19:06the Easter Island may have been visited by the Jomon people.
00:19:11There is a kind of antithesis
00:19:14written in a textbook.
00:19:18If you say you know everything,
00:19:21you will stop thinking.
00:19:24This is a kind of antithesis
00:19:27to prevent you from stopping thinking.
00:19:33The Moai Statue
00:19:38The Moai statue was created
00:19:41around 1200 BC.
00:19:44The story of that time is still alive.
00:19:49There was a man and a woman.
00:19:52They went to a temple to pray.
00:19:56They went to a temple to pray.
00:20:01A woman who was blind
00:20:04was looking for the king.
00:20:07She was a witch and a sorceress.
00:20:10She looked for the king's daughter.
00:20:13She was blind and went to a temple
00:20:16to pray.
00:20:17The father of the two women
00:20:20was Tangarike,
00:20:23and the mother was Shiva.
00:20:26They went to Hawaii,
00:20:29The king's house is a dark, dark place.
00:20:32From the south, from the south, from the west, from the west,
00:20:35from the north, from the north,
00:20:37the king's house is a dark, dark place.
00:20:40The earth is a dark, dark place.
00:20:43The sky is a dark, dark place.
00:20:53The first person to arrive on the island was Hotumatua.
00:20:57Not long after that, the Moai statue was built.
00:21:07The eastern island is the northern part of Hawaii.
00:21:10The southern part is part of the Polynesia,
00:21:13including New Zealand.
00:21:19Hotumatua is a Polynesian from Southeast Asia.
00:21:25Rapa Nui is a subtropical island,
00:21:28so there is a big difference in climate
00:21:31to the tropical islands,
00:21:34for example, of French Polynesia.
00:21:37The problem was,
00:21:39there was not enough water,
00:21:42there was not enough food,
00:21:45there was not enough water,
00:21:48there was not enough food,
00:21:51there was not enough food,
00:21:54and the problem was that
00:21:56some of those tropical species
00:21:58just didn't grow and didn't take.
00:22:01The people who arrived
00:22:03were struggling with climate
00:22:05that was different from others,
00:22:07with less rain,
00:22:09as they explored the island.
00:22:24They piled stones on the ground
00:22:27and built a field.
00:22:30They say it was an ingenuity
00:22:33to prevent the evaporation of water.
00:22:41In this field,
00:22:43the main food, taro,
00:22:45was harvested.
00:22:48As the number of people increased,
00:22:51the Moai statue was built.
00:22:59Why did the people build the Moai statue?
00:23:04They wanted to know
00:23:07why the Moai statue was built.
00:23:12They wanted to know
00:23:15why the Moai statue was built.
00:23:19There are many reasons.
00:23:28One of the most important reasons
00:23:31is that the Moai statue
00:23:33represents the king
00:23:35who ruled the area.
00:23:41Every time the king changed,
00:23:43a new statue was built.
00:23:45Even after the king died,
00:23:47the statue continued to be worshipped.
00:23:49It is a symbol of respect and dignity.
00:23:55However,
00:23:57two American researchers
00:23:59believe that the Moai statue
00:24:01had a different purpose.
00:24:13The question is,
00:24:14why would you invest so much energy
00:24:16in doing these over and over again?
00:24:25They used a drone
00:24:27to find the location of the Moai statue
00:24:30from the ground
00:24:32to a place where it is difficult to enter.
00:24:37On Easter Island,
00:24:39the place where the Moai statue stood
00:24:42is a place where only the foundation
00:24:44of the Moai statue is left.
00:24:51They observed the Moai statue
00:24:54and the location of the Moai statue
00:24:57to find out
00:24:59why the Moai statue was built.
00:25:06When you drive around the island,
00:25:08you see one after the other,
00:25:10Moai all the way along the coast.
00:25:12And of course,
00:25:13the coast has a lot of resources,
00:25:15fish, shellfish,
00:25:16other kinds of things
00:25:17that would support populations.
00:25:20The reason why the Moai statue
00:25:22and the Moai statue
00:25:24are often found by the sea
00:25:26is because they are the symbols
00:25:28of the blessings of the sea.
00:25:33However,
00:25:34when they were examined from the sky,
00:25:36there was a contradiction.
00:25:38They were also found
00:25:40on the mainland.
00:25:44Because there is no river on Easter Island,
00:25:47fish cannot be caught on the mainland.
00:25:51Why are they also found on the mainland?
00:25:57Actually,
00:25:58there is another blessing on the island.
00:26:02The water is fresh.
00:26:03You think this water is salty,
00:26:05that it's seawater,
00:26:06but in fact,
00:26:07it's freshwater sea,
00:26:08a source of water
00:26:09that comes from the interior of the island,
00:26:11moves to the underground,
00:26:12and then comes out at the coast.
00:26:13It's a place where Rapa Nui people
00:26:15access water for their daily lives.
00:26:17On a young volcanic island like Rapa Nui,
00:26:19the rocks are very porous.
00:26:21The rainwater will enter the island,
00:26:23Petra,
00:26:24and will come down to the level
00:26:26and float on top of saltwater
00:26:28and then enter the ocean at low tide.
00:26:30When we head to the cave in the inland area...
00:26:44In those caves,
00:26:45we can find fresh water.
00:26:47It was one of the largest water reservoirs.
00:26:50So it's a very rich part of the island.
00:26:53Certainly,
00:26:54there was water.
00:27:07Coast,
00:27:08inland.
00:27:12The location of the water
00:27:14and the location of the ruins
00:27:16seen from the sky
00:27:17are layered together
00:27:19to create a beautiful landscape.
00:27:23Then,
00:27:24about 90% of them
00:27:26were in harmony.
00:27:31Those hamlets or villages
00:27:33are located,
00:27:35in many cases,
00:27:37close to water sources,
00:27:39which makes perfect sense
00:27:41that the essentials
00:27:43for survival,
00:27:45like your crops
00:27:47and your drinking water,
00:27:49is close to water.
00:27:51The water is close
00:27:53to where the people actually settle.
00:27:58So we find, in fact,
00:27:59the Ahu and the Moai
00:28:00right next to the critical resource
00:28:01because, in fact,
00:28:02that is the heart of the community.
00:28:04Water is a precious resource
00:28:06on the Easter Island
00:28:08where there is little rain
00:28:10and the crops don't grow well.
00:28:12The people built a village
00:28:14near the place
00:28:16where they could get water,
00:28:18but the water
00:28:20was not enough
00:28:22for the people
00:28:24to get water.
00:28:28The water was not enough
00:28:30for the people
00:28:32to get water,
00:28:34but the water
00:28:36was not enough
00:28:38for the people
00:28:40to get water.
00:28:42The people
00:28:44built a village
00:28:46near the place
00:28:48where they could get water,
00:28:50but the water
00:28:52was not enough
00:28:54for the people
00:28:56to get water.
00:28:58The people
00:29:00built a village
00:29:02near the place
00:29:04where they could get water,
00:29:06but the water
00:29:08was not enough
00:29:10for the people
00:29:12to get water.
00:29:24There is a local archaeologist
00:29:26who devoted his life
00:29:28to the research of the island.
00:29:38Seventy percent of the island
00:29:40is surveyed.
00:29:42More than 25,000
00:29:44archaeological sites.
00:29:46So that means
00:29:48not only the sites,
00:29:50it means also how people live,
00:29:52what they do,
00:29:54the family and everything.
00:29:58She used to do research
00:30:00with a certain person.
00:30:02He was a man
00:30:04who challenged Peru
00:30:06to the East Island
00:30:08with a handmade raft.
00:30:10His name was
00:30:12Thor Heyeldahl.
00:30:16The reason
00:30:18why he started
00:30:20such an exploration
00:30:22was to prove
00:30:24his theory.
00:30:32According to the theory,
00:30:34the Polynesians
00:30:36who came from
00:30:38Southeast Asia
00:30:40in the west
00:30:42finally reached
00:30:44the East Island.
00:30:46However,
00:30:48Thor Heyeldahl
00:30:50announced the theory
00:30:52that there are roots
00:30:54in the South American continent
00:30:56in the east.
00:31:02One of the basis
00:31:04of the theory
00:31:06is a slightly different
00:31:08statue.
00:31:10We see the very
00:31:12good evidence
00:31:14of influence of South America.
00:31:18It is a small statue
00:31:20with its head and body
00:31:22separated.
00:31:27Its arms are clearly
00:31:29protruding
00:31:31from the body.
00:31:39Many Moai statues
00:31:41have thin arms
00:31:43on both sides.
00:31:47On the other hand,
00:31:49the stone statues
00:31:51with arms in front
00:31:53are often seen in certain areas.
00:31:57Colombia and Peru
00:31:59are part of South America.
00:32:23In the end,
00:32:25Heyeldahl
00:32:27could not prove
00:32:29a clear connection
00:32:31between Colombia
00:32:33and Peru
00:32:37and South America.
00:32:41However,
00:32:43there is a new clue
00:32:45to find it.
00:32:51It is a DNA analysis.
00:32:57DNA analysis can be a powerful tool
00:32:59to answer this big question
00:33:01about whether the Rapa Nui people
00:33:03made contact or not
00:33:05with Native Americans in prehistory,
00:33:07which has been a debate
00:33:09that has been on for decades.
00:33:17With the help of the residents,
00:33:19we follow the roots
00:33:21from the DNA.
00:33:27Predictably,
00:33:29there are three types
00:33:31of ancestors
00:33:33from the DNA.
00:33:37The Polynesians
00:33:39who came to the island
00:33:41for the first time.
00:33:49The Spaniards
00:33:51who settled
00:33:53from the 18th century.
00:33:57The Chileans
00:33:59who currently belong
00:34:01to the country.
00:34:11DNA samples are loaded
00:34:13into a sequencer
00:34:15so that we can get
00:34:17the pieces of DNA
00:34:19that make up
00:34:21the whole genome
00:34:23of that individual.
00:34:27The results show
00:34:29which part
00:34:31of the genome
00:34:33originates from where
00:34:35in color.
00:34:37Blue represents
00:34:39the Polynesians,
00:34:41red the Spaniards,
00:34:43and green the Chileans.
00:34:53The process is very rewarding
00:34:55because participants
00:34:57are very interested in knowing
00:34:59about their own genetic origins
00:35:01and when they see that
00:35:03actually they have retained
00:35:05a lot of the Polynesian roots
00:35:07in their DNA,
00:35:09it's something that helps
00:35:11them to basically value
00:35:13and identify their own lineages.
00:35:15But there was also
00:35:17DNA that showed
00:35:19a slightly different origin.
00:35:25When we first saw this,
00:35:27we thought, maybe we did something wrong.
00:35:29We thought, well,
00:35:31let's double check this.
00:35:43We compared it to a panel
00:35:45of indigenous groups
00:35:47from across the entire
00:35:49Pacific coast of South America
00:35:51and the closest match
00:35:53between the Polynesians
00:35:55and the Chileans.
00:35:59Xenu
00:36:01is a native American
00:36:03who currently lives
00:36:05in the coastal area
00:36:07of Colombia.
00:36:09Their genes
00:36:11were incorporated
00:36:13into the people
00:36:15of Easter Island.
00:36:19When we investigated
00:36:22we can actually
00:36:24look at the length
00:36:26of those individual pieces
00:36:28and figure out how many generations
00:36:30ago this combination
00:36:32of Native Americans
00:36:34and Polynesians took place.
00:36:36We saw very small pieces
00:36:38indicating that this ancestry
00:36:40from the coast of Colombia
00:36:42entered Rapa Nui a long time ago,
00:36:44actually in a period around
00:36:46what we would call
00:36:48the European Middle Ages
00:36:50I worked with Jorge Yerda
00:36:52for almost 10 years
00:36:54and for me it's an honor
00:36:56to work with him.
00:36:58No matter how
00:37:00we look at it,
00:37:02it's an honor
00:37:04to work with Jorge Yerda
00:37:06because he is
00:37:08a great person
00:37:10and a great leader.
00:37:12Jorge Yerda
00:37:14is a great person
00:37:16and a great leader.
00:37:18How we think
00:37:20about his theory
00:37:22never forgets
00:37:24that he is
00:37:26the one of the person
00:37:28who put Rapa Nui
00:37:30in the map.
00:37:48Moai statues
00:37:52Moai statues
00:37:54have been made
00:37:56on the island
00:37:58since the 1700s
00:38:00but they are no longer
00:38:02being made.
00:38:04The reason for this
00:38:06is said to be
00:38:08in the history of the
00:38:10destruction of this island.
00:38:12These are pieces of Moai,
00:38:14the large statues that once
00:38:16I don't know how many statues
00:38:18were here, maybe four or five.
00:38:20It is easy to look at these landscapes
00:38:22when you see the Ahu
00:38:24when they're broken down
00:38:26and statues that are fallen and broken
00:38:28like this one here which has no head
00:38:30just the body, the head that's over here.
00:38:34Researchers from the West
00:38:36who once visited the island
00:38:38saw many Moai statues
00:38:40destroyed by the Ahu.
00:38:46They believe
00:38:48that these statues
00:38:50are evidence
00:38:52of the destruction
00:38:54of the island society.
00:39:12The people
00:39:14were blessed by the forest
00:39:16and were able to live
00:39:18a rich life.
00:39:24As the population increased,
00:39:26the village expanded
00:39:28and was divided into many
00:39:30villages.
00:39:38Then
00:39:40each village
00:39:42built its own Moai
00:39:44to gain power.
00:40:12The people here
00:40:14kind of got into a Moai mania.
00:40:16They started to make bigger
00:40:18and bigger statues
00:40:20and at some point
00:40:22that over exuberance
00:40:24of statues
00:40:26became a problem
00:40:28and the people
00:40:30were forced to leave.
00:40:32The people here
00:40:34were forced to leave
00:40:36and the people
00:40:38were forced to leave
00:40:40and that over exuberance
00:40:42of statue construction
00:40:44ultimately depleted the island
00:40:46of the resources needed
00:40:48to make up Mahu in the first place.
00:41:04The scarcity of resources
00:41:06resulted in a
00:41:08societal collapse.
00:41:10The island erupted into
00:41:12inter-tribal warfare
00:41:14and led to a very
00:41:16impoverished population
00:41:18living on a barren island.
00:41:39In the last century,
00:41:41the estimated population
00:41:43of 10,000 people
00:41:45declined to 3,000
00:41:47due to the conflict.
00:41:51People fought each other
00:41:53to destroy the environment
00:41:55and themselves
00:41:57made the society collapse.
00:42:01The story of this collapse
00:42:03was spread all over the world
00:42:05by the researchers
00:42:07and was recorded
00:42:09in the text
00:42:11of the Japanese national language.
00:42:13What happened
00:42:15on a small island
00:42:17in a faraway place
00:42:19can happen
00:42:21all over the earth
00:42:23floating in space.
00:42:25This is the theory
00:42:27of the space ship Earth.
00:42:29In this way,
00:42:31the environment
00:42:33and the people
00:42:35living on the island
00:42:37were affected
00:42:39by the collapse
00:42:41of the island.
00:42:47On the other hand,
00:42:49the heresy
00:42:51that has roots
00:42:53in this land
00:42:55denies this theory.
00:42:59It's that the history
00:43:01has been narrated
00:43:03by different people.
00:43:05There are different realities.
00:43:07For you,
00:43:09this can be
00:43:11an ancient abandoned village.
00:43:13For me, it's the place
00:43:15where my family used to live
00:43:17and they still are here.
00:43:19This place is quite alive for us.
00:43:21So the approach
00:43:23of a Rapa Nui researcher
00:43:25or any Pacific researcher
00:43:27would be dramatically different
00:43:29from a Western researcher.
00:43:31Together,
00:43:33we decided to find out
00:43:35what my ancestors did.
00:43:40We have been collaborating
00:43:42with Carr and Terry
00:43:44for a long time.
00:43:46We have done so many things together.
00:43:48They were a great support
00:43:50during this fieldwork.
00:43:54What we investigated
00:43:56was the age of the carbon
00:43:58extracted from the ruins
00:44:00and the time
00:44:02when each village
00:44:04was being used.
00:44:08Our goal is really
00:44:10to characterize the settlement systems
00:44:12and how people are distributed
00:44:14across the landscape
00:44:16and use resources there.
00:44:18We've got a good sample
00:44:20of the communities,
00:44:22but we're continuing
00:44:24to do that on an ongoing basis.
00:44:26When we applied this data
00:44:28to a computer model
00:44:30to estimate the population
00:44:32of an island,
00:44:34since the first time
00:44:36people came to the island,
00:44:38the population
00:44:40was steadily increasing.
00:44:42There was no decrease
00:44:44in population.
00:44:49The population could fluctuate
00:44:51slightly, but its average
00:44:53maximum is probably around 3,000.
00:44:55Probably what the Europeans
00:44:57encountered when they first
00:44:59arrived on the island.
00:45:16The lack of huge populations
00:45:18being on the island
00:45:20sort of takes the wind
00:45:22out of the collapse area
00:45:25and creates
00:45:27even more
00:45:29uncertainty.
00:45:34As time went on
00:45:36and the evidence accumulated,
00:45:38we realized that a lot
00:45:40of what people thought
00:45:42was collapse was something
00:45:44that actually happened
00:45:46after Europeans arrived,
00:45:48and it had an entirely
00:45:50different cause,
00:45:53there was the Spanish flu,
00:45:55slave trading.
00:45:57It was difficult
00:45:59to live here,
00:46:01and it was more difficult
00:46:03to keep the social structures
00:46:05and the life as the way
00:46:07that we knew it.
00:46:09Peruvian slave traders
00:46:11captured about a third
00:46:13of the population
00:46:15on the island and forced
00:46:17them onto their ships
00:46:19to work in Peru.
00:46:22Even the Vatican
00:46:24got involved, and so
00:46:26these companies were forced
00:46:28to bring the inhabitants
00:46:30of Easter Island back
00:46:32onto Easter Island,
00:46:34but these people had
00:46:36caught the smallpox
00:46:38on the American continent.
00:46:40Only 15 people arrived
00:46:42on Easter Island,
00:46:44and that was enough
00:46:46to cause a great epidemic
00:46:48of smallpox on Easter Island.
00:46:52The disease spread
00:46:54all over the island
00:46:56because there were
00:46:58infected people
00:47:00among the survivors.
00:47:06When the Westerners
00:47:08visited the island for the
00:47:10first time,
00:47:12the population of
00:47:14about 3,000
00:47:16decreased to less than
00:47:18200.
00:47:22Over time, we see people
00:47:24sort of abandoning Ahu and Moai.
00:47:26It's a loss of population.
00:47:28There are just fewer people
00:47:30because of the effects
00:47:32of diseases, so people
00:47:34are not attending to the Ahu
00:47:36and rebuilding them
00:47:38in the way that they
00:47:40did in the past.
00:47:52The memory of an island
00:47:54that cannot be rebuilt.
00:47:58But there was
00:48:00one possibility left.
00:48:12A word that was
00:48:14once used on the island.
00:48:22An analysis is being
00:48:24carried out.
00:48:38In the 19th century,
00:48:40something that was
00:48:42sent from the people
00:48:44of Easter Island
00:48:46was kept in a church in Rome.
00:48:52This is the ancient
00:48:54crepe tablet.
00:48:56It's made of wood,
00:48:58and it's one of the 27
00:49:00tablets written in this script
00:49:02which is still undeciphered.
00:49:22The meaning, pronunciation,
00:49:24and grammar of the tablets
00:49:26are all unrecognizable.
00:49:30Some researchers
00:49:32don't even know
00:49:34the letters.
00:49:46In Easter Island,
00:49:48there are still
00:49:50some residents
00:49:52who speak their
00:49:54own language,
00:49:56the Lapanui language.
00:50:00The Lapanui language
00:50:02is a language that
00:50:04has been passed down through
00:50:06the generations,
00:50:08and there are no letters.
00:50:10But in fact,
00:50:12there were letters
00:50:14in the Lapanui language
00:50:16in the past,
00:50:19and many researchers
00:50:21believe that
00:50:23this is the Longo-Longo.
00:50:28The Longo-Longo
00:50:30has a unique feature.
00:50:48So it's really quite special.
00:51:18When you go to the end,
00:51:20you turn the table over
00:51:22and read from the left.
00:51:24This is called repetition.
00:51:27Some people say that
00:51:29they contain legends
00:51:31or rhythms
00:51:33or encrypted instructions
00:51:35of how to move moai
00:51:37or develop some technologies.
00:51:39There are many, many
00:51:41different theories about it,
00:51:43but what we do know
00:51:45is that they contain knowledge.
00:51:57There are Japanese people
00:51:59who have tried to decode
00:52:01the Longo-Longo.
00:52:05Fumihiko Yamaguchi,
00:52:07a professor of information
00:52:09and archaeology.
00:52:11There is no correct answer
00:52:13when it comes to
00:52:15unencrypted languages.
00:52:17There is a certain degree
00:52:19of statistical data,
00:52:21but there is no correct answer
00:52:23when it comes to
00:52:25unencrypted languages.
00:52:27So you can't really
00:52:29do machine learning.
00:52:31But I thought
00:52:33there was something
00:52:35I could do.
00:52:37So I started
00:52:39my research as a hobby.
00:52:43The research began
00:52:45by categorizing
00:52:47the Longo-Longo.
00:52:56Marcel, who is very famous
00:52:58for his research on the Longo-Longo,
00:53:00categorized the Longo-Longo
00:53:02and numbered them.
00:53:06Thomas Barcel,
00:53:08a German ethnographer
00:53:10who categorized and listed
00:53:12the Longo-Longo.
00:53:16Yamaguchi divided the figures
00:53:18into 629 types
00:53:20based on the classification
00:53:22of the Barcel.
00:53:26This is a part
00:53:28of the classification
00:53:30of the Longo-Longo.
00:53:32For example,
00:53:34B001 is a figure
00:53:36like a long stick.
00:53:40He summarized
00:53:42all the various variations
00:53:44as 001.
00:53:48This is the lower part
00:53:50of the Longo-Longo.
00:53:52This is the upper part
00:53:54of the Longo-Longo.
00:53:56This is the lower part
00:53:58of the Longo-Longo.
00:54:00This is a symbol
00:54:02engraved on the Longo-Longo.
00:54:04This is a symbol
00:54:06engraved on the Longo-Longo.
00:54:13When he categorized
00:54:15the various places
00:54:17where the symbol
00:54:19was engraved,
00:54:25he was able
00:54:27to express it
00:54:29in the order
00:54:31of the numbers.
00:54:33By following this classification,
00:54:35he was able
00:54:37to find some
00:54:39regularity
00:54:41in the order
00:54:43of the figures.
00:54:47He compared
00:54:49the rhythm
00:54:51of an old song
00:54:53with the rhythm
00:54:55of a new song.
00:55:00He examined
00:55:02how many places
00:55:04the Longo-Longo
00:55:06corresponded
00:55:08with the rhythm
00:55:10of the song
00:55:12and the rhythm
00:55:14of the song.
00:55:16When he compared
00:55:18064 with Ka,
00:55:20064 corresponded
00:55:23with Ka.
00:55:25When he compared
00:55:27064 with Ka,
00:55:29064 corresponded
00:55:31with Ka.
00:55:33When he compared
00:55:35064 with Ka,
00:55:37064 corresponded
00:55:39with Ka.
00:55:45The East Island
00:55:47is home
00:55:49to many people
00:55:51Yorana, my name is Luis Juki, from the Juki clan.
00:55:59At the moment I am carving the Omoromo,
00:56:05which is a tradition of our grandfather, of my father,
00:56:09and I still follow their tradition.
00:56:12And we must keep working on the Omoromo.
00:56:22He does not know the meaning of the Omoromo.
00:56:27But...
00:56:29It is unique, and if it is lost, we will lose part of the history of Rapa Nui.
00:56:36If he continues to carve,
00:56:40the day will come when the mystery of the Easter Island will be solved.
00:56:51Researchers and researchers from the local area continue their research on the Easter Island.
00:57:00What really happened on this island?
00:57:05To turn the mystery of the world into history.
00:57:11Any remains of archeology,
00:57:14and that is why for us everything is always important, not just the Moa.
00:57:19And our connection with each archeological site.
00:57:22For example, this place has a direct connection with a family.
00:57:26It is not a legend, it is not a myth,
00:57:29it is not an invented story or something discovered by an archeologist.
00:57:33It is something that belongs to us.
00:57:36The people of Rapa Nui wish to know everything about the Easter Island,
00:57:41hidden behind the Moai.
00:57:47Moai, they are amazing, and they are outstanding, and they are unique.
00:57:55Moais are incredible.
00:57:59But Rapa Nui is so much more than that, and its archeology is so much wisdom, just Moais.
00:58:05If there is one thing that I would like people to take from Rapa Nui,
00:58:09the world is full of beautiful, amazing stories,
00:58:13stories that deserve to be told, and people deserve to hear.
00:58:17Our history is not unique.
00:58:20We share with many islands, and we share a beautiful past,
00:58:25a complex present, and many, many tragedies in the Midway.
00:58:43The people of Rapa Nui wish to know everything about the Easter Island,
00:58:48hidden behind the Moai.
00:58:52The people of Rapa Nui wish to know everything about the Easter Island,
00:58:57hidden behind the Moai.
00:59:03Frontier.
00:59:05A landscape of Nazca, depicted on the Peruvian land 2000 years ago.
00:59:11What does it mean for people to be buried underground?
00:59:17A documentary about the BS world,
00:59:19Deepfake Porno, where a third-party's face is combined into a pornographic video using AI technology.
00:59:24A video of an American college student spreading an unfamiliar video.
00:59:27Why would someone want to do this, and who would do this?
00:59:32A video with the name of the school exposed.
00:59:34It was played thousands of times when it was noticed.
00:59:37A close-up interview of a person trying to find the culprit with other victims.
00:59:41A documentary depicting the terror of the AI era.
00:59:44Tonight at 10.45pm.
00:59:48Sports human, figure skater, Yuma Kagiyama.
00:59:52What do you call your ideal country?
00:59:57A close-up of the battle between new Japanese aces.