世界熱中ひとり旅 2025年1月30日
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TVTranscript
00:00This is a protest in New York against the threat of weapons from the U.S. to Israel.
00:13Despite the shouts everywhere, the threat of weapons did not stop and the war continued.
00:30The U.S. has participated in many wars.
00:37Japan was once an enemy of the U.S.
00:42The U.S. was once an enemy of the U.S.
00:49The U.S. was once an enemy of the U.S.
00:56Japan was once an enemy of the U.S.
01:01The U.S. was once an enemy of the U.S.
01:08The U.S. was once an enemy of the U.S.
01:13But according to statistics, the war with the most casualties is...
01:22...the Civil War.
01:28The Civil War, which began 160 years ago, is a civil war.
01:37The U.S. fought against the North and the South,
01:43more than 1,000 years ago.
01:47The U.S. killed more people in this civil war than in any other war.
01:54More than 500,000 people were killed in the Second World War.
02:02In my opinion, the Second World War was the most devastating war in any country.
02:14The fact that the U.S. lost the most people in history in this civil war is quite shocking.
02:26Due to the large number of casualties, the civilians at the time called it a futile war.
02:36However, there were people who benefited greatly from this war.
02:41They were the workers.
02:45Wow.
02:47It's like a mansion.
02:51It's like a palace.
02:55This is the mansion of the workers who still work in the U.S. during the Civil War.
03:04The North and the South didn't waste their money on weapons, transportation, or victory.
03:13The war was profitable.
03:16For the U.S., the war became a huge industry.
03:25In the midst of this, there was someone who pushed the war in the opposite direction.
03:31The Iron King, Andrew Carnegie.
03:37According to the current amount of money, he is worth $300 billion.
03:43He surpasses Bill Gates by a long way.
03:49He was also a person who made a fortune in the North and South.
03:54However, he changed in the second half.
04:00He held a peace conference with VIPs from all over the world.
04:05He set up a court in connection with the current International Court of Justice.
04:11He invested his huge fortune in world peace.
04:19Carnegie believed that not only could you bring wars to an end,
04:24but you could make sure they never happened.
04:28He's just a rich man.
04:30I can't put it in simple words.
04:32He's a little bit trapped in some kind of peace.
04:38I don't know what it was.
04:39I don't know if it's food for the past.
04:43I don't know.
04:46What motivated Carnegie?
04:50The worst war in the United States
04:53and the rapid decline of the rich who were obsessed with peace.
05:14Mr. Gaku Hamada is deeply interested in historical figures
05:18who are involved in war and peace.
05:22This time, he visits the United States with Andrew Carnegie.
05:27He visits four cities that are related to Carnegie's life.
05:34First...
05:37It's amazing. There are so many people.
05:40Middletown, a small town in Virginia, USA.
05:44Every year in October,
05:46people in Middletown are looking forward to the War of the South and the North.
05:56October, 1864.
05:59During the War of the South and the North,
06:01a real battle took place here.
06:05Every year, 1,500 people participate in the war
06:10by wearing the clothes of that time.
06:16A soldier.
06:20Hi.
06:22Cute.
06:24It's a really strange feeling.
06:26It's a war theme.
06:29It's a war theme.
06:32It's a strange feeling.
06:34It's a war theme.
06:36I tried on the clothes of that time.
06:39Women came to see me as a family.
06:44It's a very fun atmosphere.
06:48It's surprising.
06:52Hi.
06:54Hi.
06:55Can you tell me what you're wearing?
07:00It's a Confederate uniform from 12th North Carolina.
07:06I have a camp uniform.
07:09I have a hoop skirt underneath to make it poof out more.
07:13This is what a typical woman would wear for dress to walk about town.
07:19You've been here many times.
07:23What does this event mean to you?
07:4825 years.
07:51What is a civil war to you?
07:58I think it's cool to reenact
08:02because you can feel how the people who fought for our freedom.
08:09Individual states just wanted their rights, their freedoms.
08:14Remembering that is going to allow us in history not to repeat the same mistakes.
08:18As you can tell, this is an election year.
08:20People are already at each other's,
08:22but they're just going to remember that our freedoms allow us to be like this.
08:27A battle that was necessary for freedom.
08:32Now that 160 years have passed,
08:34the Civil War of the South and the North is in place.
08:39But when I saw the reenactment of the battle,
08:43what I, as a foreigner, honestly thought was
08:47that it was hard to deny. It was terrifying.
08:57The Civil War of the South and the North was like an explosion in Japan.
09:02Although there were guns and cannons,
09:05the distance was still short.
09:07It was a battle at a distance where you could see the enemy.
09:13Even though it's a reenactment,
09:15this feeling is really scary.
09:18The distance you can hear the voices,
09:23the voices of the soldiers,
09:25the sound of the gunfire,
09:28and the exchange of lives.
09:30I think it's a very lively distance.
09:34The fact that the same people are fighting at such a distance
09:42makes me think that it was a physically and emotionally tough battle.
09:50The big trigger for the Civil War of the South and the North
09:53was the economic difference between the South and the North.
09:58It was the era of the industrial revolution.
10:01As a jewel industry flourished in Europe,
10:04the U.S. demand for cotton was high.
10:07The warm South was ideal for the production of cotton.
10:11They produced a large amount of cotton by slave labor
10:14and tried to sell it in a free trade that did not regulate the production of cotton.
10:20On the other hand, the North was a cold country,
10:23and was not in favor of the cultivation of cotton.
10:26To protect their own industrial products,
10:29the U.S. promoted protectionist trade by imposing tariffs on their products.
10:37The U.S. increased its international human rights awareness,
10:41promoted the distribution of slave labor,
10:44and the conflict between the South and the North spread.
10:50And the decisive factor was that
10:53Lin Ke'an, who pledged to abolish slavery, became president.
11:01The South, dissatisfied, declared its withdrawal from the United Nations.
11:06Lin Ke'an did not acknowledge this,
11:08and the South-North War broke out in April 1861.
11:16For four years before the victory of the North,
11:19two million soldiers joined the army.
11:22It was a bloody war that killed 500,000 of them.
11:30In the midst of such a fierce battle,
11:32there were those who survived.
11:36What was reproduced in the corner of the festival?
11:41What is this?
11:52Very basic.
11:53If you wanted anything other than the bare minimum,
11:56like if you wanted a toothbrush or something like that,
11:59they had to provide it on their own.
12:01Come over and smell.
12:07Ah, see?
12:09It smells sweet like chocolate.
12:13During the war when alcohol was prohibited,
12:16the only way to relieve stress was to smoke.
12:21The smoking rate in the U.S. increased rapidly
12:25due to the South-North War.
12:28Two most popular things that they sold to soldiers were tobacco
12:33and canned pizzas and canned tomatoes
12:36because they almost never got any kind of fresh fruits or vegetables through the army.
12:41So they were always looking for other things to eat.
12:43And tobacco was a huge demand back then.
12:48Among those who did business during the war,
12:51there were those who later became a central figure in the U.S. economy.
12:58For example, J.P. Morgan, a major U.S. financial company.
13:02The founder, John Pierpont Morgan,
13:05bought old rifles from Europe during the war
13:09for $1.35 per gun.
13:12He sold them to the North with $22
13:15and made huge profits.
13:21In New York suburbs, there is a mansion of a rich family
13:25who also made huge profits during the South-North War.
13:32Even when you enter the gate, all you can see is the road.
13:38After walking about 2 km,
13:41you can finally see the building of Hakuwa.
13:45What is inside?
13:51Wow.
13:55This is a masterpiece.
14:02This is still the entrance.
14:05That's amazing.
14:10The owner of the mansion is from the Vanderbilt family.
14:15The first generation who worked in the shipping industry
14:18were able to purchase railroads from all over the country during the war.
14:22They were able to carry soldiers and military supplies.
14:25They made huge profits.
14:31Using this wealth,
14:33the family built a mansion like a noble family in Europe.
14:43Wow.
14:46What a magnificent white wall.
14:50There are 3 guns.
14:53There are a lot of books.
14:59Do you want to use this room?
15:04It's not my hobby.
15:16Look at the ceiling.
15:19It's like a palace.
15:23I realized that shipping is a form of money.
15:29The family was originally a shipping company.
15:32During the South-North War,
15:34they provided ships to the Northern Army one after another
15:37and contributed to the victory.
15:39The country also gave them medals.
15:42If I had joined the war,
15:45I wouldn't have realized how much wealth I had.
15:49I didn't join the war,
15:51so I was able to make a living
15:53and realize how much wealth I had.
15:55That day,
15:57I realized how cruel it was.
16:00I was a soldier,
16:02and I was on the battlefield.
16:06William Henry Vanderbilt,
16:08who was the second generation,
16:10asked the reporter
16:12if he wanted to contribute to the general public.
16:16He replied,
16:20For the people?
16:22Not for themselves,
16:24but for someone else.
16:26He wouldn't do such a stupid thing.
16:29That's true.
16:31It's true that we can use money freely.
16:34I don't think I said anything wrong.
16:38But the fact that the South-North War
16:40led to so much wealth,
16:46means that
16:48the more people died,
16:50the more money was made.
16:54So I think
16:56it's a bad idea
16:58to forget about that.
17:01That's what he said.
17:05Hmm.
17:07The Vanderbilts,
17:10and the Rockefellers,
17:12who made a fortune with oil,
17:15are also known as the three richest families in America.
17:18Carnegie is one of them.
17:22His home town is Pittsburgh,
17:24but on his way there,
17:26there was a place he really wanted to visit.
17:29Gettysburg.
17:31It was the epicenter of the South-North War.
17:36National...
17:40What?
17:41National Cemetery.
17:59Gettysburg, July.
18:011, 2, 3.
18:031863.
18:06The Battle of Gettysburg
18:08was fought for three days
18:10from July 1, 1863.
18:1594,000 North Army soldiers,
18:1771,000 South Army soldiers,
18:19and a total of 165,000 soldiers
18:21fought in the battle,
18:23killing 50,000 people.
18:25This cemetery was built
18:27four months after the battle
18:29to pay tribute to the victims.
18:35At the opening ceremony,
18:37President Lincoln was present.
18:39Many soldiers gathered
18:41to give a famous speech.
18:47I'm going to die.
18:49I'm going to die.
18:51I'm going to die.
18:55Government of the people,
18:58by the people,
19:02for the people.
19:06The people's, the people's,
19:08for the people's politics.
19:14This speech is one of the most famous speeches in the world.
19:19It was held during the battle of the South-North War.
19:25It was also praised by many people.
19:30Now we are in the middle of a great civil war.
19:34We are trying to see
19:36if it is possible to continue
19:38the spirit of freedom by fighting.
19:40For the people who fought
19:42and fell like oranges,
19:44we, who are alive,
19:46must offer our bodies.
19:51That speech
19:53was the first time I learned
19:55that it had the meaning of
19:57fighting for freedom.
19:59Fight for freedom.
20:01Fight for freedom.
20:06I see.
20:11In the middle of the war,
20:13it was necessary to say
20:15that to the soldiers.
20:18Of course, it was necessary
20:20to win.
20:22But if you just look at the words,
20:25it is a bit
20:27contradictory.
20:29I feel that way.
20:37The graves of the soldiers.
20:45Merryland, 22 bodies.
20:4922 bodies?
20:5952 soldiers
21:01from Minnesota.
21:06I see.
21:08If you go to war,
21:10you have to be ready
21:12to die.
21:14You have to go back to your hometown
21:17if you want to live.
21:22The bodies of the soldiers
21:24gathered in this battlefield
21:26from all over the world
21:28and were buried
21:30in different places.
21:32But among them...
21:37I don't know.
21:42It says I don't know.
21:47I see.
21:50There are a lot of people
21:52whose names I don't know.
21:56As a result of using
21:58cannons and guns
22:00in close combat,
22:02many bodies were scattered.
22:06There is also a grave
22:08of a black soldier
22:10who joined the North Korean army.
22:12CT stands for
22:14Colored Troop.
22:18It is a squadron of
22:19the Colored Troop.
22:24Lincoln declared
22:26the abolition of slavery,
22:28but in the army,
22:30whites and blacks
22:32were clearly distinguished.
22:35In Gettysburg,
22:37the victory of the North Korean army
22:39was decided,
22:41but this created a new tragedy.
22:44Believing that there was work
22:46in the North,
22:48black people gathered
22:50from all over New York,
22:52but what they were waiting for
22:54was to be hanged
22:56and burned alive.
22:58Believing that
23:00their jobs would be taken away,
23:02white people committed
23:04a lynching of black people.
23:06It was only a week
23:08after the battle
23:10in Gettysburg.
23:13Black people were burned alive.
23:19They fought to gain freedom
23:21and equality.
23:23Even though they fought
23:25believing that,
23:27many people wondered
23:29what that hellish feeling was.
23:35The pain of killing each other
23:37and the distortion left by
23:39a handful of people
23:41was the South-North War.
23:50How did Carnegie,
23:52whom I will visit this time,
23:54face this war?
24:06Scotland, northern England
24:11In 1835,
24:13Carnegie was born
24:15in the house of a weaving craftsman.
24:17His father's job became difficult
24:19due to technological advances.
24:2113 years before the South-North War,
24:23when Carnegie was 12 years old,
24:25his family moved to the United States.
24:28They moved to Pittsburgh.
24:33It's moving!
24:42Pittsburgh
24:50This is the city of Pittsburgh.
24:56Carnegie came to Pittsburgh
24:58where he spent most of his life.
25:03This cable car
25:05has been active since
25:07the time of Carnegie.
25:12It's pretty scary.
25:17The angle and the creaking sound.
25:21Although the body is made of wood,
25:23the cable car is made of steel.
25:27Pittsburgh has long been
25:29known as the city of steel.
25:41It's like a time slip
25:43from 150 years ago.
25:48We met a person who knows
25:50the history of the city
25:52and the relationship with Carnegie.
25:55He is a local historical researcher,
25:57Mr. Ron Baraf.
26:11This is the reason
26:13Pittsburgh is here.
26:15All of this.
26:16Where we are,
26:17these rivers of transportation,
26:18the hillside,
26:19this is all coal,
26:21which they mined,
26:22and this is what fueled the industry.
26:24So that's what gives rise to this city,
26:26this beautiful city of ours.
26:30When he was 14 years old,
26:32he started working at a telecommunications company
26:34in this town.
26:36He worked at factories
26:38all over the town
26:40and made a name for himself
26:42among the workers.
26:46Carnegie's growing up over there
26:48in proximity to the industry
26:50along the Allegheny,
26:52in proximity to the industry
26:54along the Monongahela.
26:56They settled in an enclave of people
26:58that were from their part of the world,
27:00Scotland,
27:01who were weavers
27:03and working in industry.
27:05And this was a big opportunity for them
27:07to settle there and be able to
27:09take part in the industry in this region.
27:13To become the backbone of the family,
27:15at the age of 18,
27:17he moved to a telecommunications company.
27:19He was no ordinary employee.
27:25He focused on the newly-developed telecommunications company.
27:28He bought a portion of the use of the company
27:30with his own money
27:32and sold it to the telecommunications company he worked for.
27:35The company introduced new telecommunications companies one after another
27:38and expanded its long-distance route.
27:40Carnegie's personal income
27:42continued to grow.
27:48I was really hungry.
27:50I wanted to do something about this situation.
27:52Coming to a foreign country
27:54and doing all sorts of things
27:56was a lot of work.
27:58But I actively
28:00found a job
28:02and got a job.
28:05It was amazing
28:07that I was able to step up
28:09step by step.
28:13At the age of 25,
28:15the Civil War broke out.
28:17For Carnegie,
28:19this war was a big business opportunity.
28:34This industry that is really
28:36blossoming here and spreading
28:38east and west
28:40and connecting all these areas together
28:42is all coming from Pittsburgh.
28:44The immense amount of capital that is here,
28:46the people that are investing
28:48and building these plants
28:50that are creating the munitions
28:52that really win the war for the north.
28:54Without Pittsburgh,
28:56the results of the Civil War
28:58could have been very, very different.
29:01Carnegie's rail company
29:03used long-distance transportation
29:05as a weapon to transport
29:07North Korean soldiers and munitions
29:09to all parts of the world
29:11to make a lot of money.
29:13Carnegie purchased a factory
29:15with the money he had saved.
29:17It was a steel-stretching factory.
29:19Later, he was called
29:21the Iron King.
29:23His beginning was
29:25during the Civil War.
29:28Carnegie not only benefited
29:30from the South-North War,
29:32but he also had
29:34deep, complex feelings
29:36about participating
29:38in this war.
29:45Andrew Carnegie tells a story
29:47of he and a rail crew
29:49building a line
29:51into Baltimore
29:53and he
29:55ends up getting
29:57wounded.
29:59And he says,
30:01you know,
30:03I fled for my country.
30:05This is where I learned
30:07what commitment is like
30:09and how to really
30:11feel American.
30:13The reality is,
30:15he was drafted
30:17and like a lot of people at the time,
30:19he paid for someone else
30:21to go to the war.
30:23It is just a way
30:25for Andrew Carnegie,
30:27as he was telling his life story,
30:29to show how he was part of all that
30:31and he was this great American.
30:53He was the type of person
30:55who was very committed
30:57to self-producing.
30:59I think that's one of the
31:01most memorable episodes.
31:03After the war,
31:05Carnegie finds himself
31:07in the middle of a war
31:09between the North and the South.
31:11He finds himself
31:13in the middle of a war
31:15between the North and the South.
31:17He finds himself
31:19in the middle of a war
31:21In the midst of the war,
31:23to protect the enemy's frontiers,
31:25the bridge was burned
31:27and many people were killed.
31:29But Carnegie
31:31mass-produced steel
31:33that was suitable for the bridge.
31:37The unburnable bridge
31:39became very popular.
31:41This bridge was also
31:43made using Carnegie's steel.
31:51It is a very powerful structure.
31:59It symbolizes the end of the war.
32:03It is a great example
32:05of a business opportunity
32:09that opens up
32:11a system at once.
32:15That thought and action
32:17is amazing.
32:21His wife bought a steel factory in Pittsburgh and started her own business.
32:27Pittsburgh became known as the Steel Empire.
32:37Workers from all over the world came to Pittsburgh to work.
32:46What he's about to show us is...
32:59The dish is called pierogi.
33:02It's a dish brought in by workers from Poland.
33:17What's inside?
33:20Is it sweet potato?
33:22Sweet potato and cheese.
33:32It's hard to swallow. It's packed full.
33:40This is a dish brought in from Ukraine.
33:44It's a dish brought in by foreign workers who worked hard for the taste of their country.
33:50Workers from America also came to work.
33:57Tomato ketchup, which is essential for hamburgers and hot dogs, was also born in Pittsburgh.
34:03It was born right after the Civil War.
34:08They eat a lot and work a lot in a short time.
34:14This is a dish that's like a mass of such spirit.
34:18Wow.
34:20It's a sandwich, but it's packed with french fries and hamburgers.
34:30I've never seen this before.
34:33It's packed with energy and time.
34:39I'll try it.
34:52It's really good.
34:55It's hard work that you have to invent.
35:05You can't even eat french fries with your right hand.
35:10It's hard work that you don't have that much time.
35:15That's the story.
35:19In Carnegie's factory, 12 hours of work a day was the rule for six days a week.
35:27For hard-working employees, Carnegie provides a facility called the Foucault Institute.
35:37It's a library.
35:39It's called the Carnegie Library.
35:44The building was inscribed with Carnegie's unique feelings.
35:51It's full of names.
35:55Michelangelo.
35:57Wow.
35:59There are names engraved under the roof. What are they?
36:04Are the names of great artists and painters and musicians and writers through the ages.
36:12Because this is a temple of knowledge.
36:15Because through education comes knowledge and comes power and comes that advancement of the civilization.
36:26And that's really at the essence of what Carnegie was about.
36:31When he was a teenager, he worked at a telecommunications company.
36:36He went to the home of a local librarian and read 400 books.
36:41He had experience in mathematics and business administration.
36:46It worked for him. It could work for others.
36:49So you see above the doorway where it says free to the people?
36:53That is something that rings true to this day.
36:57And gain knowledge. Because knowledge is king.
37:00And knowledge is power.
37:02And that's what that's all about.
37:28How did the workers receive Carnegie's feelings?
37:32According to a magazine they read...
37:38A library where Carnegie sits like a child.
37:44The library was nothing more than a toy for Carnegie.
37:51Even so, Carnegie kept saying, learn and grow.
37:57He built libraries one after another.
38:00There were over 2,000 of them.
38:07However, only the general public used them.
38:10The employees of Carnegie's company rarely used them.
38:17He worked for a long time every day.
38:21He read a lot of books.
38:25If you read while you're tired, you'll get sleepy.
38:30He wanted to be paid more than that.
38:33I think that was his true intention.
38:38In the 1890s, Carnegie became one of the world's most influential people.
38:47He said he had a deal with a client.
39:07Anybody taller than me, watch your head.
39:13He heated and melted iron ore with caustic soda and caustic soda...
39:18...to make steel.
39:23What was the ultimate goal of the steel produced here?
39:28So much iron and steel coming out of this region.
39:31This plant alone made more iron than all of Great Britain.
39:36The Pittsburgh district...
39:39...and what's happening in the world at that point...
39:42...is this big rush towards imperialism...
39:45...and control of all of these ports around the world and these cultures.
39:50And so the United States government saw this opportunity.
39:54They needed to grow the navy.
39:57So Carnegie Steel made the finest armor plate.
40:01And so he secures his contract, they start producing that.
40:06The imperialist era saw the British take over...
40:09...and all the countries joined the navy.
40:14After the Civil War, the United States began manufacturing warships.
40:20Carnegie Steel took advantage of this opportunity...
40:23...and became one of the most influential people in the world.
40:29At the time...
40:31...he was one of the most strict businessmen in the world.
40:37He was a very strict person.
40:41So it was a bit of a battle...
40:44...to choose the best dealer for the navy.
40:50The orders for the US navy kept coming in.
40:54The company's business was booming.
41:01Carnegie Steel is also on the verge of expansion.
41:05One of the symbols of this is...
41:17What is this?
41:31If you worked in here, you worked 12 hours a day.
41:35Six days a week.
41:38And every other Sunday, you worked 24 hours.
41:42And you know, Carnegie is trying to provide all these things...
41:45...for the communities and all these people.
41:47But when you're working here...
41:50...and you're making a dollar a day...
41:55...you're just trying to survive.
41:58But the orders from the navy didn't stop.
42:01The factory's burden kept increasing.
42:04And in 1892...
42:07...an incident that changed the fate of Carnegie greatly happened.
42:27In 1892, a large-scale strike broke out at Carnegie's factory.
42:33Six thousand workers went to the factory...
42:36...to appeal for compensation.
42:41The manager assigned to Carnegie...
42:44...chose a hard-fought settlement involving the navy.
42:48As a result, seven workers lost their lives.
42:55Carnegie was deeply shocked by this strike...
42:59...and didn't comment on any of the reporters' questions.
43:05I think it was a big event...
43:09...that shook the faith of the people.
43:13I think it was a big event...
43:16...that shook the faith of the people.
43:21Where Carnegie starts to speak out against this...
43:25...and against the machinations of war...
43:28...and this war machine that we've built.
43:51It was a battle.
43:58Six years after the strike...
44:01...Carnegie strongly opposed the war that America had started.
44:09It was the US-Japan War of 1898.
44:20This was before the war broke out.
44:23It was a Spanish newspaper.
44:26America was aiming for the Philippines and Cuba...
44:29...which were Spanish colonies.
44:32America was aiming for the Philippines and Cuba...
44:35...to start a war.
44:38Then, in February 1898...
44:41...an incident occurred.
44:44A US battleship, the Maine, exploded in the ocean of Cuba.
44:48But the American newspaper...
44:51...wrote that it was a Spanish crime.
44:57When the Maine sank...
45:00...a fire was lit for the water.
45:10Maine.
45:13William Hurst, the president of the newspaper...
45:16...was the model for the hero of the movie, The Citizen Kane.
45:22Hurst wrote in his newspaper...
45:25...that he was going to invade Spain.
45:28He said that if he pushed out those responsible for the sinking...
45:31...he would get up to $50,000.
45:34The public opined that he hated Spain.
45:37So he went to Spain.
45:40Two months after the Maine explosion...
45:43...America declared war on Spain.
45:52President McKinley was a North American soldier...
45:55...during the Civil War.
45:58General Wheeler was a South American soldier.
46:02The two soldiers who had fought against each other...
46:05...joined forces and went to war with foreign countries.
46:13Without any evidence...
46:16...they were made to dance in the newspaper...
46:19...and went to war.
46:22I think it's an incident that shows...
46:25...the depth of the wounds of the Civil War.
46:29If we go to war again to heal those wounds...
46:32...if we overdo it...
46:35...we can create a better world.
46:38That's the kind of hope I had...
46:41...and the kind of peaceful action I took.
46:44That's what I thought.
46:49America won over Spain in just 90 days.
46:52The peace treaty promised...
46:55...that the Philippines would be conquered...
46:58...for 20 million dollars.
47:01Rebellion broke out in the Philippines.
47:04The US general who was suppressed...
47:07...was ordered to kill at least 10 people.
47:10Carnegie was the one...
47:13...who spoke out against this terrible act.
47:22He said he would pay everything for the Philippines.
47:25He said he would pay 20 million dollars...
47:28...if he could avoid a peace treaty with the US.
47:34He paid 20 million dollars...
47:37...that the government was supposed to pay...
47:40...to Spain with his own money.
47:43Instead, he called on the congressmen...
47:46...to oppose the decision of the Philippines.
47:50I've seen it twice.
48:04The politicians must have thought...
48:07...it was a disaster.
48:10I think it's a great idea...
48:13...to take action for peace.
48:17I don't know.
48:22I feel like I'm trapped in peace.
48:27I don't know what it was.
48:30I don't know if it's food for the past.
48:41But I've gained experience.
48:46The war must have looked...
48:49...very ugly and dirty.
48:52I might have hated the word war...
48:55...so much that I was about to throw up.
49:04It was the industry...
49:07...and not the military or the soldiers...
49:10...that brought the current United Nations together.
49:13The United Nations must be the friend...
49:16...of every country.
49:21Carnegie's speech shook the country.
49:26At the end of the war...
49:29...the Philippines, which had a unanimous vote...
49:32...had a majority of opposition...
49:35...with only one vote difference.
49:38Carnegie made a big decision.
49:44Two years after the end of World War II...
49:47...in 1901...
49:50...he sold all of his companies...
49:53...including the iron and steel mills...
49:56...and pledged to use the money...
49:59...for world peace and social justice.
50:05Carnegie's journal was specially approved...
50:08...and he was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize...
50:11...in the same year as David Nassau.
50:42...can no longer be barbarians, or beasts.
50:45And Carnegie watches this, and he sees it.
50:48And he says, I have to intervene.
50:51I have to do it...
50:54...because I have the money...
50:57...but more importantly...
51:00...leaders all over the world know who I am.
51:03And he devotes himself to peace from that moment on...
51:06...for the rest of his life.
51:12Carnegie goes to meet leaders all over the world.
51:15For world peace...
51:18...he gives them a special gift.
51:23A dinosaur?
51:26Why is there a dinosaur here?
51:29Di-pro-do-x.
51:32Di-pro-do-x.
51:36His school name is Di-pro-do-x Carnegie.
51:42Di-pro-do-x Carnegie.
51:46The 20-meter-tall, full-bodied skeleton...
51:49...discovered at Carnegie's funeral...
51:52...was first presented to the British king...
51:55...who was the largest military power in the world.
52:00The king was delighted...
52:03...to see the world's greatest ambassador of peace.
52:06He also sent replicas to Germany and Russia...
52:09...as well as to the United States and the United Kingdom.
52:14There was a reason why he chose a country...
52:17...that had sent a dinosaur.
52:23Most of those countries...
52:26...were military-oriented.
52:29In 1906...
52:32...the British developed the Dreadnought...
52:35...a giant warship.
52:38If a larger warship was built...
52:41...it wouldn't be able to stop the war.
52:47In 1909...
52:50...Carnegie announced the following...
52:54...that each country's military power...
52:57...was for the sake of defense...
53:00...not for use...
53:03...but for the sake of peace.
53:06They suspected each other...
53:09...that they would use each other...
53:12...if even a single spark were to go off.
53:17The media was full of fuss.
53:20Even the illustrations...
53:23...were made fun of.
53:26However...
53:30In 1914...
53:33...Emperor Victoria was assassinated in Sarajevo.
53:37This became a spark...
53:40...and World War I broke out.
53:43The military power was said to be for the sake of peace...
53:46...but in reality, war broke out.
54:03In 2022...
54:06Stop Putin! Stop war!
54:31In 2022...
54:34...Ukraine filed a lawsuit...
54:37...against the International Court of Justice...
54:40...of the Netherlands and Hague.
54:54This building...
54:57...is the highest court in the world...
55:00...that judges war crimes and other international crimes.
55:03It was built in 1913...
55:06...for the Justice Court...
55:09...founded by Carnegie.
55:12The Carnegie Foundation still manages it.
55:21In November 1918...
55:24...when World War I ended...
55:27...Carnegie decided...
55:30...to entrust the court...
55:33...to the International Union.
55:39Nine months later...
55:42...he died at the age of 83.
55:51There is another building...
55:54...that Carnegie built...
55:58...in New York...
56:01...called Carnegie Hall.
56:04It's a classical music hall...
56:07...but it's become a hot topic...
56:10...in recent years...
56:13...because of its strong desire for peace.
56:17The governor...
56:20...who was supposed to give a speech...
56:23...didn't make it clear...
56:26...and had it put on hold.
56:32The music...
56:34...can be used as a weapon...
56:37...but it's not enough...
56:40...to protect...
56:43...Carnegie's feelings.
56:50So in this place...
56:53...I think...
56:56...it's a good decision.
57:01Before the war...
57:03...Carnegie actively used the hall...
57:06...for peace.
57:08He held peace talks many times...
57:11...and kept saying that...
57:14...only cooperating in war...
57:17...isn't the mission of an activist.
57:20He was free from the circle...
57:23...of activists seeking equal rights...
57:26...with white people...
57:29...and from the circle of people...
57:32...seeking women's rights.
57:35He kept opening doors...
57:38...to a peaceful future...
57:41...without discrimination.
57:44If it's for the future I dream of...
57:47...I think many people felt...
57:50...Carnegie's determination...
57:53...to fight the war...
57:56...and his foolishness.
57:59He didn't grow as a person...
58:02...but he kept fighting...
58:05...without giving up.
58:08I'm sure he knew...
58:11...that the law would change tomorrow...
58:14...and that racial discrimination...
58:17...would disappear.
58:20But he kept fighting...
58:23...without giving up.
58:26He was a genius.
58:34The eternal peace...
58:37...Carnegie hoped for...
58:40...is still not achieved.
58:43But that doesn't mean...
58:46...he should give up.
59:13Elon Musk's SNS, X.
59:16Critics in Europe...
59:19...are looking to use him again.
59:22Tonight at 10 p.m.
59:29BS Special
59:38What happened on the forgotten battlefield?
59:43Sports Sakaba is a curling championship.
59:46It's the first tournament in the capital.
59:49We'll tell you all about it.
59:52I'll make you some tea.