Savais-tu qu'ils ont trouvé des navires au milieu du désert qui sont plus anciens que les pyramides ? Ça semble fou, non ? Ces navires antiques ont été découverts en Égypte, enterrés près du fleuve Nil, et ils datent de plus de 5 000 ans ! ⏳ Les historiens pensent qu'ils étaient utilisés lors de cérémonies spéciales ou peut-être même pour des enterrements de personnes importantes. Le fait que ces navires aient survécu aussi longtemps est époustouflant. Si tu t'intéresses à l'histoire et aux découvertes fascinantes, c'est quelque chose que tu voudras certainement en savoir plus ! Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/ Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici: http://sympa-sympa.com
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00:00What does a boat do in the middle of the desert?
00:02We would rather expect to find a ship near the coasts.
00:05This question has preoccupied archaeologists for decades.
00:08In 1988, a storm fell near one of the major archaeological sites of ancient Egypt.
00:15A wooden structure then appeared, cleared of sand.
00:18It had been eroded by termites, but scientists were determined to unravel its mystery.
00:23In the year 2000, excavations began near Abydos.
00:27A team of American experts quickly discovered a boat 21 meters long.
00:32However, this discovery was not isolated, as they discovered 14 other boats,
00:37carefully aligned next to each other.
00:40The condition of these ships made their extraction completely impossible.
00:44But, fortunately, the wood was well preserved enough to take a sample.
00:49Analyzes revealed that these boats were about 5,000 years old,
00:52making this fleet the oldest in human history known to date.
00:56The period of their construction dates back to five centuries before the construction of the Giza pyramids.
01:01Each ship was sheltered in a vaulted chamber, perfectly adapted to its dimensions.
01:06This room was about a third the size of a tennis court,
01:09and was surrounded by brick walls, decorated with more than 120 representations of boats.
01:14These drawings had been engraved on whitewashed walls, remarkably preserved over time.
01:20Scientists have been aware of the existence of these mysterious chambers for more than a century,
01:25during which a British archaeologist, Arthur Weigal,
01:28discovered an intriguing structure to the west of the Nile.
01:31His team had a glimpse of the inner walls, but part of the roof unfortunately collapsed,
01:36forcing them to stop their exploration.
01:39Although the researchers abandoned the site, its location continued to be recorded on the maps.
01:44The position of the boats first led scientists to think that they were on a bank of the Nile.
01:49However, this theory presented a flaw.
01:53Currently, the river flows about 11 km west of Abydos.
01:58Additional research on the surrounding terrain revealed that the Nile had not changed course throughout history.
02:05In addition, if the boats had floated near a quay, their position would have been unstable.
02:10However, the 14 boats discovered in Abydos were perfectly aligned with each other.
02:16A single conclusion could be drawn from this situation.
02:19Someone had deliberately arranged them this way, which involved a considerable effort.
02:23Each boat could accommodate up to 30 rowers, thus proving that they were adapted to navigation.
02:29These were not simple models, but the researchers still have to determine
02:33whether they actually sailed on backstreets of ancient Egypt.
02:36This does not take away anything from the importance of this discovery.
02:39Previously, archaeologists had only developed reduced models.
02:43In the tomb of Tutankhamun, for example, there are 35 models of boats.
02:47For a long time, these figurines constituted the only indications of the appearance of ships from ancient Egypt.
02:54The design of these boats attests to their authenticity.
02:57They are the oldest known examples of what are called built boats.
03:02In Antiquity, people made primitive boats by digging large tree trunks,
03:07while the alternative consisted of assembling roses to form a raft.
03:11But the boats discovered in Abydos were composed of boards attached together.
03:16This discovery marked a significant advance in the field of naval construction.
03:20At the time, these boats had to be impressive, because wood was a precious resource.
03:25In the desert, there was no wood, and cedar had to be imported from Lebanon.
03:29Only the pharaoh could afford such a luxury.
03:32The study of the area surrounding the old fleet also brought additional enlightenments.
03:38Scientists discovered a wooden structure dedicated to the cult of the pharaoh,
03:43and its approximate date of construction coincides with that of wooden boats.
03:47The same bricks used to build this building also served to lock up the fleet.
03:53During their construction, the rooms that sheltered them were endowed with a ceiling,
03:58a section that archaeologists created at the beginning of the 20th century.
04:02Just like the mummies in their sarcophagi, these magnificent ships rested inside splendid vaults.
04:08The exterior of these rooms was just as impressive.
04:11Originally, the exterior walls were covered with a white limestone coating, which had the ability to reflect light.
04:19Under the rays of the desert sun, the structure sheltering the boats had to shine for miles in a row.
04:25Ancient Egyptian builders used the same method to cover the pyramids five centuries later.
04:31Today, their surface appears to be made of steel, but this has not always been the case.
04:36During their construction, the pyramids featured a thin layer of white limestone,
04:41whose smooth surface shone under the light of the sun.
04:44Rather than having steps, the outer layer of the pyramids looked more like an elegant slope.
04:50Archaeologists also asked themselves one last question.
04:53Which pharaoh belonged to this fleet?
04:55The answer was less than two kilometers from the site,
04:58at the site of the tomb of a pharaoh of the 5th dynasty, King Sesostris III.
05:03The period and the style of construction of the latter coincided with those of the rooms containing the boats.
05:10The end of his reign could explain how these boats ended up in the middle of the desert.
05:14It is likely that the pharaoh died in northern Egypt,
05:17then that his body was transported along an island to Abydos,
05:21in a majestic procession of decorated boats.
05:24The ships were then lowered into chambers located near the last resting place of their owner,
05:29which gave a symbolic meaning.
05:32In the belief of the ancient Egyptians, ships occupied a central place.
05:37Their supreme deity, the god Ray,
05:39traveled the sky during the day in the form of the sun,
05:42while at night he sailed through the underground world in a solar boat.
05:47The pharaoh identified himself with Ray,
05:49which explained his need for a boat in the afterlife.
05:52It was the only way to regenerate.
05:55Just as the sun rises every day on the horizon.
05:58This belief lasted for millennia.
06:00An emblematic pharaoh, Cheops, also owned a ship,
06:05discovered by scientists in 1954 near his pyramid in Giza.
06:10The latter is about four centuries more recent than the fleet of Abydos,
06:14but Cheops' boat was almost twice as long.
06:17The Great Pyramid of Giza and the Tomb of Tutankhamun
06:20are among the most famous archaeological discoveries in Egypt.
06:24However, many secrets remain buried under the infinite sands of the Sahara.
06:28Recently, in 2020, archaeologists have uncovered a lost city,
06:33one of the most important discoveries since the Tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922.
06:38The city of Aton, about 3,000 years old,
06:41arouses the hope of historians
06:43to get a glimpse of the daily life of the ancient Egyptians.
06:47The renowned archaeologist and Egyptologist Zahi Hawass
06:50described this site as a forgotten golden city.
06:53Aton is located about 500 km south of Cairo,
06:57the Egyptian capital,
06:58and is located near the famous Valley of Kings.
07:02Archaeologists first discovered sections of brick walls,
07:05which extended in all directions.
07:07Then, they discovered complete rooms containing everyday tools.
07:11The excavation team also revealed a bakery,
07:14a residential district and an administrative district.
07:18All dating from the time when Egyptian civilization was at its peak.
07:22They were also the pioneers in the manufacture of iron objects.
07:26In 1911, scientists discovered a set of iron pearls
07:31near the village of El-Gerzay, in Lower Egypt.
07:34These pearls represent the oldest known iron artifacts to date.
07:38This discovery is truly fascinating,
07:41because the ancients created them by hammering a piece of meteorite.
07:44These nine pearls used to be part of an elaborate necklace.
07:48Today, they are corroded and blackened,
07:51which is perfectly normal for a jewel dating more than 5,000 years.
07:54Composed of an alloy of iron and nickel,
07:57these pearls testify to the exceptional know-how of the ancient jewelers.
08:01Their skill is all the more remarkable
08:03that they ignored the stellar origin of the material used.
08:06The Pyramid of Cheops also has a remarkable feature.
08:10An international research group
08:12analyzed the electromagnetic response of the structure to radio waves
08:16and discovered that the pyramid
08:18was able to concentrate the electromagnetic energy within it.
08:22This phenomenon occurs both inside its chambers and below its base.
08:26It also houses an unfinished underground chamber.
08:29It seems that this electromagnetic response is linked to the properties of limestone,
08:34the main material used in the construction of the Great Pyramid.
08:38The results of this research could have practical applications,
08:41notably in order to improve the functioning of solar cells and nanosensors.