映像の世紀バタフライエフェクト 2024年10月7日
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00:00Dubai's Palm Island, the Grand Canyon, the Pyramids of Giza and the Great Wall of China,
00:14what is it that all of these have in common?
00:18What is the one thing that unites all of these structures?
00:20Well, they can all be seen from space.
00:22Now what if I told you that the Indo-Pak border can also be spotted from space?
00:28You'll believe me after you watch this report.
00:58The light of a powerful laser beam reaches into space.
01:10The history of mankind is also the history of the Great Wall.
01:20In the 20th century, the world was divided into two camps, the East and the West, and the Great Wall was built.
01:29The 38-degree war split the Korean Peninsula in two.
01:38And the Berlin Wall, which divided a city into the East and the West.
01:47The Wall tore apart families and lovers and took the lives of those who tried to overcome it.
01:55My children, my mother, and all the children. We can't be together.
02:11The Berlin Wall collapsed and the Cold War ended.
02:15The world was supposed to be one.
02:19But now, in the 21st century, a new wall has emerged on the border that had never been built before.
02:29The wall of the border that repelled illegal immigrants.
02:37Even so, the people who risked their lives to cross the wall did not stop.
02:43In the Middle East, a huge wall was built to isolate the Palestinian territory.
02:54The people of Palestine went to the other side of the wall, to Dekasegi.
03:00To do that, they had to cross the wall.
03:05The people of Palestine went to the other side of the wall, to Dekasegi.
03:11To do that, they had to cross the wall.
03:17Who are we? What happened to us? We're just animals.
03:23We're just animals.
03:26The wall that separates the rich and the poor, built on the streets of Lima, Peru.
03:33It is called the Wall of Shame.
03:38When the Berlin Wall collapsed, there were 16 walls.
03:44Now, there are 78.
03:47The length of the wall is 40,000 kilometers.
03:56I thought I would never go there, even though it was 6 or 7 meters away.
04:03I thought it would be better to go to the moon than to go to the other side of the wall, 6 or 7 meters away.
04:11The moon was closer to me.
04:18The century of video, the butterfly effect.
04:22Why do people build walls?
04:27It is a story of despair and hope that has been spread over the walls.
04:33It is a story of despair and hope that has been spread over the walls.
04:52In the hours of the night of August 13, 1961, the sector border was closed.
04:58The guard posts of the People's Police marched up, and on Sunday,
05:03the streets of the free part of the city, East Berlin, were locked down.
05:09On the morning of August 13, 1961,
05:15in front of the awaken citizens of Berlin,
05:18a wall made of solid iron appeared overnight.
05:28I saw people falling into panic.
05:33It was a sight I had never seen before.
05:37Everyone was shedding tears.
05:42East Berlin
05:50In the middle of the Cold War,
05:53East Berlin was divided into East and West.
05:58For this reason, a large number of East German citizens
06:03escaped to the West, using the airways
06:08through West Berlin, where relatively free arrivals were allowed.
06:13The East German government built a wall of solid iron
06:18in the church of East Berlin to prevent the exodus of the citizens.
06:28Hundreds of thousands of soldiers and police officers
06:33were sent to the wall to guard it.
06:38Hundreds of thousands of soldiers and police officers
06:43were sent to the wall to guard it.
06:48A large number of people lined up there,
06:53and each time a roll of iron was laid,
06:58they threw their axes.
07:04At this time, there was a young officer on guard duty.
07:13His name was Conrad Schumann.
07:16He was a 19-year-old young man who had come to Berlin
07:21for this mission a few months ago.
07:24As he watched the scene unfold in front of the iron wall,
07:29despair for East Germany began to grow.
07:36I knew that one day I would have to kill
07:41the people who were trying to cross this wall.
07:46I thought it was time to apologize for that.
07:53It was two days after the war broke out.
07:59By the afternoon of that day,
08:02construction trucks were gathering one after another.
08:06Realizing that the wall was being reinforced,
08:09Schumann said to himself,
08:15If you run away to the west,
08:18you won't have a chance now.
08:21It's too late.
08:25This is a real image of the day
08:29when Schumann was on guard duty.
08:36At this time, Schumann was repeatedly smoking and throwing away cigarettes,
08:41desperately looking for a chance to jump over the wall.
08:47In a short time, I lost consciousness.
08:53I was already at my limit.
08:57I was very scared.
09:02After two hours,
09:04the guard of his fellow soldiers
09:07continued to wait for a chance to escape the iron wall.
09:11And at four in the afternoon,
09:14Schumann was killed.
09:23After throwing away his gun,
09:26Schumann jumped over the iron wall.
09:30The police car of West Germany was headed by Schumann,
09:33who had crossed over to the west.
09:36The police officer on the west side,
09:39was waiting for the car.
09:48In this way, for the first time after the wall was built,
09:52the guard of his fellow soldiers ran away.
09:57After the escape,
09:59Schumann's interview with the media in the west was left behind.
10:05When I jumped over the iron wall,
10:08it took about half an hour for me to catch my breath.
10:12I had a terrible fight with myself.
10:15I smoked one cigarette after the other.
10:18It was incredibly difficult for me.
10:21I was extremely scared.
10:24On the west side, I was afraid that something would happen to me.
10:28A few hours after the escape,
10:31photos captured that moment were displayed
10:34on the front pages of newspapers around the world.
10:42The title was
10:44The Transition to Freedom.
10:51The success of Schumann's escape
10:55After seeing the success of Schumann's escape,
10:58it is said that 2100 soldiers and police officers
11:02succeeded in escaping to the west side.
11:12The East German government, which had built up a sense of crisis,
11:16reinforced the wall with concrete in the old pitch.
11:24The houses in the way were destroyed one after another.
11:34Before the wall was completed,
11:37the people of East Germany tried various methods to escape.
11:44Some jumped down from the windows of the buildings facing the west.
11:55We remember the woman being held by communist guards
11:59to prevent her from joining her family.
12:02They even threw tear gas at those who were below, ready to catch her.
12:16The strength of the will of the people of East Berlin always surprised me.
12:21It was an unbelievable feeling.
12:24They used all possible routes to escape.
12:28They jumped down from the wall,
12:31ran through the deserted area at full speed,
12:35and arrived at the outer wall without a single bullet flying.
12:41As the wall approached completion,
12:44the number of people who escaped from the wall decreased dramatically.
12:50But the people did not give up.
13:11I am Pierce Anderton, NBC News, Berlin.
13:14And this is the story of those people and that tunnel.
13:23This is a documentary that was broadcast in the United States in 1962.
13:34The people of the west tried to escape the families left in the east,
13:39and began to dig a tunnel under the wall.
13:44The students were at the center.
13:49They were paid by the American TV station
13:53by allowing them to film.
14:01They had 21 workers and two 12-hour ships.
14:05For the digger who was digging in front of the supports
14:08and for the two men who were setting the supports,
14:11there was always the chance of being buried in the collapsing earth.
14:17One of the young men was among the students
14:20who were fighting against the filth and filth.
14:29His name was Joachim Neumann.
14:32He was a college student studying pottery.
14:36Joachim, who was also a refugee from East Berlin,
14:40had a lover on the east side.
14:45Christa Gruhle.
14:50One day, Joachim received a letter from Christa.
14:58It said,
15:00I want to live with you.
15:03When I read it,
15:05I thought I had to bring her no matter what.
15:11Joachim and his 20 comrades
15:14set out to dig.
15:18The tunnel's starting point
15:20was the basement of a house on the west side.
15:24From there, they passed under the wall
15:27and planned to connect the basement of the house
15:30on the east side with the basement of the house on the west side.
15:35The east side was also on alert.
15:40The guards were using high-performance microphones
15:44to examine the basement
15:46to find the sound of the tunnel digging.
15:55Those who participated in the tunnel digging
15:58were at risk of losing their lives.
16:01However,
16:02there was a strong anger towards the wall
16:05that was built in the middle of their hometown
16:08that separated their families and friends without hesitation.
16:14Six months after the beginning of the tunnel digging,
16:17the tunnel was finally opened.
16:23On October 3rd,
16:25the escape was announced.
16:28The secret code was used in advance
16:30to announce the date of the escape.
16:34People fled one after another
16:36covered in mud and water.
16:42Fifty-seven people
16:45escaped through the Berlin Wall.
16:51And
16:53she also appeared covered in mud.
16:57This is a picture of Christa when she arrived.
17:05When I hugged her,
17:07my heart was full.
17:10I had Christa in my arms
17:13and I saved many other people.
17:16It was a wonderful moment.
17:20However,
17:21many of these attempts
17:23ended in failure.
17:26More than 70 tunnels were dug,
17:29but only 19 were successful.
17:34The wall continued to take away
17:37people's freedom for 28 years
17:40until it collapsed.
17:42The Cold War in the East and the West
17:48The Cold War in the East and the West
17:50also created a strong wall in Asia.
17:57The 38-degree war
17:59between South Korea and North Korea
18:01was known as the 38-degree war.
18:04The 38-degree war
18:06was brought to an end
18:08right after the Second World War.
18:13At that time,
18:14there was no strict security,
18:16and people easily
18:18fled the 38-degree war.
18:26However,
18:27security was strengthened
18:29and the Korean War
18:31and the Korean War
18:33created a military border.
18:41In 1968,
18:43a major incident shook Korean society.
18:52At 10 p.m. on January 21,
18:54North Korean armed spies
18:56came to Seoul in the dark
18:58and made a ruckus.
19:02They broke through the iron gate
19:04of the military border
19:06and invaded South Korea
19:08with 30 North Korean guerrillas.
19:11They headed for Seoul.
19:16Most of the guerrillas
19:18were killed by the military and police,
19:21but 35 Koreans were also killed.
19:25The words of the North Korean guerrillas
19:27who were arrested
19:29were heard all over South Korea.
19:36Our 31st mission
19:39is to destroy the enemy.
19:45Kill Kim Il-sung!
19:48Kill Kim Il-sung!
19:51Kill Kim Il-sung!
19:55All over the country,
19:57the North Korean prime minister
19:59Kim Il-sung
20:01was told to surrender.
20:06President Park Chung-hee
20:08ordered the military
20:10to set up a secret unit
20:12to surrender to the North.
20:14This is how
20:16the 684 Secret Operation Unit was born.
20:20There was only one purpose.
20:24To break through the military border
20:26and invade North Korea
20:28and assassinate Kim Il-sung.
20:32Just like the North Korean guerrilla unit,
20:35it consisted of over 30 people.
20:41Many of the soldiers
20:43were young people
20:45who had been called out by the military.
20:50At that time,
20:52the South Korean economy
20:54was in a very difficult situation.
20:56There was no decent job
20:58even in the factories.
21:00So, if anyone was invited
21:02to say that the military
21:04was at the military level
21:06of the U.S. military,
21:08everyone agreed.
21:14Young people who were
21:16amateurs in the battlefield
21:18became the strongest soldiers.
21:20The military sent them
21:22to a deserted island called
21:24Shilmido and trained them.
21:32This is the movie
21:34Shilmido,
21:36based on the testimony
21:38of the people involved.
21:49The training was very hard,
21:51and seven people lost their lives.
21:59They were beaten so much
22:01that they fainted.
22:03They were hit in the head
22:05with an iron pipe
22:07and bled.
22:09But this was also
22:11a special mission.
22:18The young people
22:20continued to receive
22:22tremendous training
22:24for more than two years.
22:26However,
22:28something unexpected happened.
22:34The tension between Korea
22:36and North Korea
22:38suddenly increased
22:40after the change
22:42of the international situation.
22:45Kim Il-sung,
22:47the leader of North Korea,
22:49cried out for his return.
22:51In fact,
22:53he wanted to make peace
22:55with North Korea.
22:57Then,
22:59President Park made
23:01a decision.
23:03He was going to
23:05eliminate the 684th Corps.
23:11A year later,
23:13a tragedy happened.
23:1723 prisoners of the
23:19Shinmido
23:21Military Management
23:23and Training Special Forces
23:25were arrested
23:27and executed.
23:29They were forced
23:31to leave the country
23:33and were
23:35forced to leave
23:37the country
23:39and were forced
23:41to leave
23:43the country
23:45The 684th Corps
23:47suddenly revolted
23:49and killed
23:5118 officers.
23:53They left the island
23:55and headed for Seoul.
23:57They wanted to be
23:59recognized
24:01by the president.
24:07The government
24:09sent 500 soldiers
24:11and police
24:13to North Korea.
24:17The prisoners
24:19were executed
24:21by the main brigade.
24:27Four of them
24:29were executed.
24:31They said
24:33they regretted
24:35not completing
24:37the mission
24:39they had thrown
24:41away.
24:43They said
24:45they regretted
24:47not completing
24:49the mission
24:51they had thrown
24:53away.
24:55They said
24:57they regretted
24:59not completing
25:01the mission
25:03they had thrown
25:05away.
25:07The government
25:09did not reveal the truth
25:11until the movie
25:13was released in 2003.
25:15until the movie was released in 2003.
25:23On the night of November 9,
25:251989,
25:27the news
25:29to cheer up the citizens
25:31of East Berlin was released.
25:33Good evening, ladies and gentlemen.
25:35DDR citizens who want to leave
25:37Germany
25:39Germany
25:41Germany
25:43Germany
25:45Germany
25:47Germany
25:49Germany
25:51Germany
25:53Germany
25:55Germany
25:57Germany
25:59Germany
26:01Germany
26:03Germany
26:05Germany
26:07Germany
26:09Germany
26:11Germany
26:13Germany
26:15Germany
26:17Germany
26:19Germany
26:21Germany
26:23Germany
26:25Germany
26:27Germany
26:29Germany
26:31Germany
26:33Germany
26:35Germany
26:37Germany
26:39Germany
26:41Germany
26:43Germany
26:45Germany
26:47Germany
26:49Germany
26:51Germany
26:53Germany
26:55Germany
26:57Germany
26:59Germany
27:01Germany
27:03Germany
27:05Germany
27:07Germany
27:09Germany
27:11Germany
27:13Germany
27:15Germany
27:17Germany
27:19Germany
27:21Germany
27:23Germany
27:25Germany
27:27Germany
27:30And then...
27:36People started to break down the walls.
27:59Everybody together?
28:01Everybody together!
28:29Life in West Germany
28:31was not a happy one.
28:37Although he was employed
28:39in a car factory,
28:41he was suspected of being a spy
28:43and was interrogated from time to time.
28:47He continued to be afraid
28:49of returning from the East.
28:55The year after the wall collapsed,
28:57Schumann stepped on the soil
28:59of East Germany for the first time
29:01in 29 years.
29:05But what awaited him
29:07was not welcome.
29:13There were a lot of people
29:15who didn't want to talk to me.
29:19I was a traitor
29:21to my relatives and my hometown.
29:23We had become strangers.
29:25After a long time,
29:27we had no relationship
29:29with each other.
29:35In 1998,
29:37Schumann
29:39committed suicide.
29:41The reason
29:43was not clear.
29:47Now,
29:49the place where the Berlin Wall was
29:51was a place
29:53where Schumann's
29:55pledge to freedom was held.
29:59People who pass through here
30:01may not know his name,
30:03but their courage
30:05will certainly
30:07remind them
30:09that they have changed the world.
30:21The sound of the trumpet
30:23resounds every evening.
30:29The border town of India and Pakistan,
30:31Wagah.
30:37The front side of the soldiers
30:39wearing black uniforms
30:41is Pakistan.
30:43The other side of the soldiers
30:45wearing beige uniforms
30:47is India.
30:49This is a flag ceremony
30:51that has been held
30:53every day since 1959.
30:59It is a ritual
31:01that is held when the gate
31:03on the border is closed.
31:19India, which has many Hindu temples,
31:21and Pakistan,
31:23which is a Muslim country,
31:25have been fighting
31:27fiercely since the founding of the country.
31:31This flag ceremony
31:33also performs the function
31:35of gas-releasing
31:37for the emotions of the people of both countries.
31:39India and Pakistan
31:41were originally
31:43one country.
31:47It was Britain
31:49who drew the border there
31:51and ruled India
31:53until then.
32:09In New Delhi's
32:11blazing heat,
32:13India's leaders greet
32:15Lord and Lady Louis Mountbatten
32:17as the new and presumably
32:19last British Viceroy.
32:39But the problem
32:41was a radical
32:43religious confrontation.
32:47Mountbatten
32:49decided to separate
32:51the western and eastern sides
32:53of India,
32:55which has many Muslim temples,
32:57as Pakistan.
33:01And in August 1947,
33:03the British-decided
33:05border war was announced.
33:09However,
33:11Islam and Hindu
33:13were mixed
33:15and lived together.
33:17It was impossible
33:19to draw a border
33:21that could not separate
33:23both sides perfectly.
33:25Between the borders
33:27that were born overnight,
33:29Islam from India
33:31and Hindu from Pakistan
33:33began to migrate
33:35as millions of refugees.
33:37After the separation,
33:39everything changed.
33:41My parents,
33:43brothers,
33:45and I
33:47started to travel
33:49by horse and cart
33:51with our luggage.
33:53When we arrived
33:55in another village,
33:57our former village
33:59was attacked
34:01and we learned
34:03that we could not return.
34:07When we crossed
34:09the border,
34:11there were sudden
34:13killings.
34:19Rape against women
34:21was rampant
34:23and the number
34:25was said to be
34:27tens of thousands.
34:31Because of this chaos,
34:33millions of people
34:35lost their lives.
34:43One day,
34:45all of us
34:47went to a nearby
34:49Muslim village
34:51because of the chaos.
34:53Anyway,
34:55we were crazy.
34:59I still can't forget
35:01the faces of the people
35:03who were killed.
35:07We were so close
35:09before,
35:11but now
35:13the line has been drawn
35:15and the border has been decided.
35:19We are here
35:21and they are over there.
35:25While destruction
35:27and killings were repeated,
35:29Mountbatten
35:31left India
35:33bravely.
35:53After that,
35:55India and Pakistan
35:57had a large-scale war
35:59and the confrontation
36:01still continues.
36:13Today,
36:15the flag ceremony
36:17is held in the border town.
36:25Pakistan,
36:27a young Pakistani
36:29with the right to freedom
36:31left this message.
36:39The ceremony I am witnessing
36:41is more like a
36:43ritual than
36:45a meeting between
36:47Indians and Pakistanis.
36:51There is nothing
36:53that distinguishes us
36:55from each other.
36:57What makes us
36:59so different?
37:03Why do we
37:05hate each other?
37:07Why do we hate each other?
37:23In 2002,
37:25a new wall
37:27appeared in the Middle East.
37:29Israel
37:31built a huge separation wall
37:33between Israel
37:35and Palestine.
37:43The Palestinian territory
37:45adjacent to Israel
37:47consists of Gaza
37:49and Jordan.
37:55Israel
37:57built a wall
37:59to prevent
38:01the terrorist activities
38:03of Palestine
38:05between these two territories.
38:13However,
38:15every morning,
38:17there are people
38:19who go to Israel
38:21from the West Bank
38:23of the Jordan River
38:25to pass through
38:27the checkpoint
38:29built by the Israeli army.
38:31They wait
38:33for a long time
38:35in a cage-like lane.
38:39In the Palestinian territory,
38:41there is no good job.
38:43People endure
38:45this humiliating
38:47pain for their lives.
38:55In the 20 years
38:57I have lived in the West Bank,
38:59I have never seen
39:01such a huge wall
39:03or a wall like this.
39:05It is a terrible thing.
39:07I have never seen
39:09such a wall
39:11or a wall like this.
39:13I have never seen
39:15such a wall
39:17or a wall like this.
39:19I have never seen
39:21any wall
39:23Don't do it.
39:25Don't do it.
39:27I'm telling you, you can't do it.
39:36In addition,
39:38there are people who pay $700 a month
39:41to obtain a labor permit.
39:53Israel continues to attack Gaza.
40:06There was a checkpoint in Gaza
40:08to go to Israel,
40:11but now it is closed.
40:17In the West Bank of the Jordan River,
40:20the freedom of movement of Palestinians
40:23has become even more restricted.
40:29And the wall of separation
40:32continues to grow.
40:44The wall continues to grow all over the world.
40:50In Mexico City,
40:52there is a wall that divides the city.
40:58This wall, which has been built
41:00across the city,
41:02separates the areas where the rich and the poor live
41:05from the cruel.
41:10In 2015,
41:12a wall was built
41:14on the border with Serbia
41:16in Hungary,
41:19to prevent the migration of refugees
41:22from the Middle East
41:24through Serbia to the EU.
41:41And a wall was built
41:43on Finland,
41:45to prevent the migration of refugees
41:47from the EU.
41:49The tension has risen
41:51due to the Ukrainian invasion,
41:53and wall construction
41:55has begun
41:57from last year.
42:0560 years ago,
42:07Joachim Neumann,
42:09who dug a tunnel
42:11under the Berlin Wall
42:13was still alive today.
42:18He married his lover,
42:20Christa, who he rescued.
42:25After graduating from university,
42:27he became a tunnel-specialist
42:29construction engineer
42:31and succeeded in building
42:3360 tunnels.
42:35Among them,
42:37the biggest work
42:39was the tunnel
42:41called the Eiffel Tower Tunnel.
42:46This tunnel
42:48changed the course of history.
42:55With the connection
42:57between the UK and Europe,
42:59the EU
43:01was able to move forward
43:03at once.
43:12On the other hand,
43:14a large number of illegal immigrants
43:16flowed through this tunnel.
43:20This eventually led
43:22to the departure
43:24of the UK from the EU.
43:30Joachim's beloved wife,
43:32Christa,
43:34died 19 years ago.
43:37Joachim
43:39decorated the shelf
43:41with a pair of shoes
43:43like a treasure.
43:47These are shoes
43:49that my wife
43:51carried through the tunnel
43:53in a handbag.
43:55And of course,
43:57I have kept them
43:59to remember her.
44:03They were immortalized
44:06in the memory
44:08of my wife,
44:10Christa,
44:12who died
44:14in the tunnel
44:16of the Eiffel Tower.
44:20The Eiffel Tower
44:22is a monument
44:24to the memory
44:26of my wife,
44:28Christa,
44:30who died
44:32in the tunnel
44:35of the Eiffel Tower.
44:47In the second half of the 1980s,
44:49Japan was engulfed
44:51in a bubble.
44:53Two charismatic leaders
44:55were engulfed
44:57in a huge bubble.