Arquitectos del terror: los líderes nazis de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Sus intervenciones fueron tan importantes como la del propio Adolf Hitler en los crímenes contra la humanidad cometidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la construcción del Tercer Reich y el Holocausto.
Sus intervenciones fueron tan importantes como la del propio Adolf Hitler en los crímenes contra la humanidad cometidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la construcción del Tercer Reich y el Holocausto.
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00:00:00WARNING! In these videos it is not intended to make an apology of any political or religious ideology.
00:00:06All the material seen in this channel is created only for historical and entertainment purposes.
00:00:18No nationalist movement impacted the collective consciousness of the 20th century so hard
00:00:23as the German National Socialist Movement, a German people impoverished after the First World War,
00:00:29rose again as a world power in the midst of a patriotic ecstasy of racial pride and social well-being.
00:00:36After its main leader, the most important mind behind the ferocious and lyrical National Socialist adventure
00:00:42was named Joseph Goebbels, Minister for Public Illustration and Third Reich Propaganda.
00:00:48Goebbels was not only a cold and brilliant brain for propaganda, but he was also an exceptional speaker,
00:00:55a formidable ideologist, an expert in politics and a master strategist for decision-making and maintaining power
00:01:02at all costs of the boom experienced by National Socialist Germany.
00:01:06Joseph Goebbels was a boy like any other.
00:01:09He was born on October 29, 1897 in the German district of Reit, Mönchengladbach.
00:01:15His childhood would be marked by an osteomyelitis that, at only four years of age,
00:01:20atrophied his right calf, leaving it slightly but notably limp.
00:01:24This disease not only made his life more complex,
00:01:27but it is also believed that it generated a feeling of inferiority and resentment
00:01:31that would make him one of the most evil men of the 20th century.
00:01:34At the age of 20, he graduated from high school as the best of his promotion.
00:01:38He studied classical languages, literature, philosophy, arts and history,
00:01:43knowledge that made him extremely cultured.
00:01:46Minusvallia prevented him from participating as a volunteer in the German army in World War I,
00:01:51but fate would lead him to another even more cruel war in which he would be the protagonist this time.
00:02:02After a failed attempt to make a career as a novelist and playwright,
00:02:06the cult man of Reit enrolled in the National Socialist German Workers' Party,
00:02:11which promoted national pride and anti-Semitism.
00:02:14Goebbels was seduced by the leader of that movement
00:02:17and his ability to speak to the crowds with gestures and words that aroused euphoria and patriotism.
00:02:23Goebbels' fascination with Hitler would end up being reciprocal.
00:02:27The Führer was also impressed by the ease with which the new party member
00:02:31had to convey his thoughts in writing.
00:02:34It seemed that they were destined to meet.
00:02:36Goebbels and Adolf Hitler were such-and-such.
00:02:40In those years, Germany was economically ruined
00:02:43and the morale of its citizens was very low after having lost the First World War.
00:02:48This defeat meant a wound that seemed that no one could heal except Adolf Hitler and Josef Goebbels,
00:02:55who shared the opinion that words and images were powerful weapons
00:02:59that they could use to exploit that discontent in favor of their interests.
00:03:04The head of propaganda of the Nazi party did not take long to climb the ladder of Nazi power.
00:03:10First he left Gregor Strasser, after being the leader of the block of the most anti-capitalist party,
00:03:15to unconditionally join the ranks of the most conservative Hitler.
00:03:20Still a young man of 29 years, Goebbels would become the head of the party in Berlin,
00:03:25where he would begin to be interested in propaganda as a means of promoting the National Socialist Program.
00:03:31A year later he began to write in the Rangriff newspaper,
00:03:34a seminar of a revulsive and propagandistic spirit that, at the end of 1940, would go into circulation.
00:03:42Surprisingly, his achievements impressed the leaders of the National Socialist Party more and more,
00:03:47and although by 1928 he was elected as a member of the German parliament,
00:03:52his great opportunity to show Hitler his worth and admiration would come two years later.
00:03:57In 1930 he was appointed head of propaganda of the party,
00:04:01from where he expanded in Ardezio and questioned the Nazi ideology.
00:04:10Always pointing out the feelings and instincts to make his leader, Adolf Hitler,
00:04:15was seen as a brilliant and superior man, a demigod.
00:04:19In front of this position, Goebbels would become a specialist in manipulation in front of thousands of men,
00:04:25he presented Hitler as the savior and father of New Germany,
00:04:29he knew how to deposit the frustrations of the people in vases of hope,
00:04:33and he turned the desire for supreme happiness into something achievable.
00:04:37All these techniques and political meetings were essential to convince the Germans
00:04:42that with Hitler they would regain the honor and greatness of the German people.
00:04:46Adolf Hitler became German Chancellor in January 1933.
00:04:52Only two months later he appointed his loyal servant as Minister of Propaganda and Public Information of Germany,
00:04:58with a single mission, to censor all opposition to the regime and the Nazi party as a positive light.
00:05:04Goebbels incited hatred towards the Jewish people as head of this ministry,
00:05:08he had absolute power over the content of all media,
00:05:12from magazines and plays, to music and books.
00:05:16But it was with the radio that his lies and manipulations
00:05:19entered directly into the homes of the Germans and into the hearts of the people.
00:05:23The year 1933 was one of the most agitated years of his nascent career.
00:05:29In April he conducted a boycott against Jewish companies,
00:05:33and on May 10 he appeared as a defining actor in the infamous burning of non-German books in the Berlin Opera.
00:05:39Faced with such a terrible bonfire, the poet of Jewish origin said,
00:05:43where books are burned, people are also burned.
00:05:46And he was not wrong.
00:05:47A few years later, millions of Jewish people would be burned in concentration camps
00:05:52as part of a massive extermination known as the Holocaust.
00:05:56That same year, the Minister of Propaganda of the Reich
00:06:00would assume the direction of the Chamber of Culture and Agency of the German Government
00:06:04to control all aspects of creative arts,
00:06:08and thus leave dozens of Jewish artists unemployed,
00:06:12including writers, musicians, actors and directors of theater and cinema.
00:06:20Hitler had conquered power.
00:06:23And on the other hand Goebbels, the minds of the Germans through the manipulation with cinema.
00:06:28The figure of that Minister of Cynical Smile spread throughout Germany
00:06:32after Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939,
00:06:37starting with it the Second World War.
00:06:40The men behind the enemy lines were vital to face the newly begun war conflict.
00:06:46The civilians in the cities were no less, and Hitler did not know how to control them.
00:06:51That is why he ordered Goebbels to raise the spirit of the German people
00:06:54to accompany and support the efforts of his Führer in the war.
00:06:58For this Goebbels relied on the media, especially in the cinema.
00:07:03In 1940, Germany and all of occupied Europe
00:07:07was idiotized in front of a large white screen.
00:07:10The eternal Jew would be released.
00:07:13A pseudo-documentary of anti-Semitic propaganda
00:07:16that told the story of the Jews according to the mind of Joseph Goebbels,
00:07:19what the Germans saw was a people represented as evil, corrupt parasites
00:07:23and with the intention of dominating the world.
00:07:26The total war had more and more German casualties.
00:07:29It was there where Goebbels became a defender of a total battle to the death against the Allied forces.
00:07:35And for this, he put all his power of persuasion as a speaker.
00:07:45In 1944, Goebbels had the most famous speech in the history of Nazism.
00:07:51Joseph Goebbels entered the brain of the Germans with his calling words
00:07:55and from the Berlin Palace of Sports led them to their ultimate perdition.
00:08:00At that time, Germany was trying to overcome a critical stage of the war
00:08:04after the Sixth Army was defeated in Stalingrad.
00:08:08A hard blow that made even more remote the possibilities of a German triumph
00:08:13in that unfortunate conflict.
00:08:15The Führer has ordered it.
00:08:17We will obey him in this great hour of contemplation and national reflection.
00:08:21We believe in the firm and unbreakable final victory.
00:08:25We see it before us. We see it.
00:08:27We just have to touch it.
00:08:29We must be resolved to subordinate everything to it.
00:08:32That is the obligation of all in this crucial hour.
00:08:35With this emotional direct speech to the heart of the people,
00:08:38the little man on the road raised the blind enthusiasm for a war that,
00:08:43for many, had already been lost.
00:08:45His words were so convincing that Hitler himself gave him greater powers,
00:08:50he became the Minister of Total War.
00:08:53Joseph Goebbels always obeyed his Führer in everything.
00:08:56It was such his devotion to Hitler that he never questioned any order or contradicted it,
00:09:00except on the day of the dictator's death.
00:09:03When the Nazi generals no longer knew how to reverse an unfavorable result in the war,
00:09:08when the majority had already died, deserted, or considered surrender to the Allies,
00:09:13even when there were no men left on any front,
00:09:16capable of supporting the Third Reich,
00:09:18and Joseph Goebbels followed his leader,
00:09:21despite the fact that he ordered him to leave the German capital.
00:09:24That was the first and only time Goebbels disobeyed the Führer.
00:09:37Adolf Hitler would end up committing suicide with his wife, Eva Braun,
00:09:41on April 30, 1945.
00:09:45After the death of the Führer, a defeated Goebbels assumed the position of Chancellor of Germany.
00:09:50The next day, Joseph Goebbels carried out what was probably his most abominable act
00:09:54with his wife Magda,
00:09:56poisoning his six children with cyanide shortly before he and his wife took their lives.
00:10:01The end of Joseph Goebbels came without time for repentance.
00:10:05The man who achieved power thanks to his brilliant intelligence,
00:10:08decided to take his life with his wife near the bunker of his beloved Adolf Hitler.
00:10:13So far today's video.
00:10:15Remember to subscribe to this channel,
00:10:17and leave a like so that we can continue to bring content for all of you.
00:10:21Until next time.
00:10:22Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda of the Third Reich.
00:10:26To be continued...
00:10:56He was born on March 16, 1911 in Gunzburg, near Ulm,
00:11:01and was Carl Mengele's eldest son.
00:11:03Prosperous manufacturer of agricultural tools.
00:11:06In 1935, Mengele obtained his doctorate in physical anthropology at the University of Munich.
00:11:12At the time Mengele was studying at the University of Munich,
00:11:16the Nazi party was already the second force in the German parliament.
00:11:20In 1937 he became an assistant to the geneticist Otmar von Berschwer,
00:11:26whose twin investigations were one of the main fields of interest of the young Mengele.
00:11:31Soon he realized that if he wanted to prosper,
00:11:34he had to show all his sympathies for those who would possibly soon be the owners of Germany.
00:11:39Mengele reflected his political thinking in his autobiography at that time.
00:11:44The students of the university, those who were already of age to vote,
00:11:48contributed to this success, the rise of the Nazis.
00:11:52I was not old enough then.
00:11:55My political inclinations at the time were,
00:11:58I think for reasons of family tradition, conservative national.
00:12:02I had not joined any political organization.
00:12:05Although, however, I felt strongly attracted by the program,
00:12:09and by the entire organization of the National Socialists.
00:12:13But, at the time, I was still a private person, without organizing myself.
00:12:18Anyway, in the long run,
00:12:20it was impossible to stay on the sidelines during those politically turbulent times,
00:12:24or our country would succumb to the Marxist and Bolshevik attack.
00:12:28This simple political concept finally became the decisive factor of my life.
00:12:33Concluded.
00:12:38In 1937, Mengele joined the Nazi party.
00:12:42The following year, the same year he received his medical degree,
00:12:46he joined the Schutzstaffel.
00:12:48In June 1940, he was recruited into the army,
00:12:53and then offered as a volunteer in the Waffen-SS medical service.
00:12:57Although the documentation is scarce,
00:13:00and often contradictory regarding Mengele's activities
00:13:03from this time until the beginning of 1943,
00:13:07it is clear that, first of all,
00:13:09he served as a medical expert for the Main Office of Race and Settlement,
00:13:14RASE, a Siedlungshauptamt.
00:13:16In the summer of 1940 at the Central Immigration Office,
00:13:20Einwandererstelle, northeast of Posen,
00:13:23currently Poznan.
00:13:24And after that, he had the position of medical officer
00:13:27in the Wiking of the SS Division,
00:13:29Battalion 5 of the SS pioneers,
00:13:32with which he participated in war actions on the Eastern Front.
00:13:36Mengele was injured in the campaign,
00:13:38and returned to Germany in January 1943,
00:13:42where he began working at the Kaiser-Guillermo Institute of Anthropology,
00:13:46Human Genetics and Eugenics,
00:13:48led by his former mentor von Berschwer.
00:13:51In April 1943,
00:13:53he was promoted to the rank of SS captain.
00:13:57This progress was preceded by Mengele's transfer to Auschwitz,
00:14:01on May 30, 1943.
00:14:05Mengele held at that time the position of captain of the Schutzstaffel,
00:14:09and was appointed as a doctor to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp.
00:14:14For Mengele, that destiny was a dream come true.
00:14:18As soon as he arrived,
00:14:19Eduard Wirz, the head of the medical corps of the camp,
00:14:22appointed him director of the Sigeuner Familienlager,
00:14:25a module dedicated exclusively to Gypsy families.
00:14:29More than a million and a half people of this ethnicity
00:14:31died in the different camps where they were interned.
00:14:35Those crimes are known by the term Porrachmos,
00:14:38a word that in Romani language literally means
00:14:41devastation or annihilation.
00:14:45During his infamous position in the concentration camp,
00:14:48Josef Mengele was not the only doctor in Auschwitz,
00:14:51nor, as popular wisdom often maintains,
00:14:54the highest-ranking doctor in the field.
00:14:57This distinction belonged to the captain of the SS,
00:15:00Dr. Eduard Wirz,
00:15:02whose position as doctor of garrison
00:15:04made him responsible for all medical matters
00:15:06of the entire field complex.
00:15:09Mengele began his career in Auschwitz
00:15:11in the spring of 1943 as a medical officer
00:15:14responsible for the Birkenau Gypsy Camp.
00:15:18Several weeks after his liquidation,
00:15:20he assumed a new position as head doctor of Auschwitz 2,
00:15:24that is, Birkenau,
00:15:26in November 1943,
00:15:28still under the jurisdiction of Wirz.
00:15:30About 30 doctors worked in Auschwitz
00:15:33during the period in which Mengele was assigned to the field.
00:15:37As a requirement of his rounds,
00:15:39the medical staff made selections of prisoners on the ramp
00:15:42and determined, among the mass of people who arrived in Auschwitz,
00:15:46who would be detained to work
00:15:48and who would die immediately in the gas chambers.
00:15:51Known as the Angel of Death,
00:15:54or sometimes as the White Angel
00:15:57for his cruel and cold conduct on the ramp,
00:15:59Mengele is associated with this task of selection
00:16:02more closely than any other medical officer in Auschwitz,
00:16:05although, according to most accounts,
00:16:08he did not perform this task more often than any of his colleagues.
00:16:12Undoubtedly, this association is partly explained
00:16:15with his notoriety after the war,
00:16:17but Mengele's omnipresent image on the ramp
00:16:20in so many surviving accounts
00:16:22is also related to the fact that he often appeared out of service
00:16:25in the selection area,
00:16:27whenever trains full of new prisoners arrived in search of twins.
00:16:34Mengele had been interested in the use of twins
00:16:36for medical research thanks to Verschwer,
00:16:39famous for experimenting with twins and twins
00:16:42in order to trace the genetic origin of various diseases.
00:16:46During the 1930s,
00:16:48twin research was considered an ideal tool
00:16:51to estimate the variant factors of human heritage and the environment.
00:16:55Mengele, with his mentor,
00:16:57had carried out a number of legal research protocols
00:17:00with twins as test subjects throughout that decade.
00:17:03Then, in Auschwitz,
00:17:05with all the freedom to mutilate or kill his subjects,
00:17:08he carried out a wide range of agonizing experiments
00:17:11and often lethal, with twins Jews and Romanians,
00:17:14gypsies, most of whom were children.
00:17:18When Mengele arrived in Auschwitz,
00:17:21the place was full of prisoners.
00:17:23It has been estimated that about 140,000 people
00:17:26were held in that immense protected camp
00:17:29with all the security measures
00:17:31and from which it was practically impossible to escape.
00:17:34In the words of the field commander, Rudolf Hoss,
00:17:38its purpose was
00:17:39the reclusion and extermination on an industrial scale.
00:17:42Indeed, in Auschwitz,
00:17:44in a single day,
00:17:46about 9,000 people could be killed in the gas chambers.
00:17:49This horror is perfectly described by Miklos Nisly,
00:17:53a prisoner who served as a doctor in the field.
00:17:57An immense square chimney made of red brick
00:18:00was raised as a use upwards.
00:18:03It was especially attacked by the huge tongues of fire
00:18:06that rose between the lighting bars.
00:18:09I tried to imagine
00:18:11what infernal stew that tremendous fire would require.
00:18:14A slight breeze brought the smoke to me.
00:18:17My nose and then my throat were filled
00:18:20with the smell of burnt meat and wrinkled hair.
00:18:23Nicknamed the Angel of Death by the prisoners,
00:18:26Mengele walked in front of them impeccably dressed
00:18:29and stroking a stick with which he indicated
00:18:31who should go directly to the gas chambers
00:18:34or who was lucky enough to be destined for forced labor.
00:18:38All this he did with total coldness,
00:18:41while he whistled and stared at the prisoners
00:18:44in order to find something interesting,
00:18:46like a couple of twins,
00:18:48which at that time was his main source of research.
00:18:51Of the cruelty of what Gala Mengele was doing,
00:18:53his performance during a typhus outbreak that broke out in the field.
00:18:57The ruthless doctor quickly solved the situation
00:19:00by sending to the gas chamber
00:19:02about 1,600 people,
00:19:04including men, women and children of Jewish and Gypsy ethnicity.
00:19:08Subsequently, the barracks were disinfected
00:19:11and occupied by other prisoners who were arriving at the camp.
00:19:14He had many other research interests,
00:19:17which included a fascination with heterochromia,
00:19:20a condition in which the iris of a person has a different color.
00:19:24During his entire stay in Auschwitz,
00:19:27Mengele gathered the eyes of his victims,
00:19:29partially murdered,
00:19:31to provide research material to his colleague Karin Magnussen,
00:19:34eye pigmentation researcher at the KUI.
00:19:37He also conducted various experiments with the aim of revealing the secret
00:19:42to artificially change the color of the eyes.
00:19:45In a less widespread way,
00:19:47he diligently documented, in prisoners of the camps,
00:19:50the advance of the anoma,
00:19:52a kind of gangrene that destroys the mucous membranes of the mouth
00:19:55and other tissues.
00:19:57Mengele firmly endorsed the doctrine
00:19:59of the National Socialist Racial Theory
00:20:01and participated in a wide variety of experiments
00:20:03aimed at illustrating the lack of resistance
00:20:06to various diseases among Jews or Romanians.
00:20:09He also tried to demonstrate the degeneration of Jewish or Gypsy blood
00:20:14through the documentation of physical rarities
00:20:17and the collection of tissue samples and body parts.
00:20:20Many of his test subjects died due to experimentation
00:20:24or were killed to facilitate the autopsy.
00:20:28Like most scientists
00:20:30who worked in the concentration camps,
00:20:33Mengele obtained the help of doctors
00:20:35trained among the population of prisoners
00:20:38to perform the most macabre or routine tasks
00:20:41and the autopsy of the dead victims.
00:20:43We owe much of our first knowledge
00:20:46of Mengele's activities in Auschwitz
00:20:48to Dr. Miklos Nisly,
00:20:50a medical prisoner who was forced to attend Mengele
00:20:54and then published his experiences initially in his native language,
00:20:58Hungarian, in 1946.
00:21:01His book Auschwitz.
00:21:03A doctor's eyewitness account
00:21:05was published in English in 1960.
00:21:08Josef Mengele expected to use the research
00:21:11he had harvested in Auschwitz
00:21:13to obtain his qualification,
00:21:15a second postdoctoral thesis
00:21:17necessary for admission to a university teaching body
00:21:20as a teacher in German-speaking countries.
00:21:23He never fulfilled his goal.
00:21:25Instead, in January 1945,
00:21:28when the Soviet army was advancing west of Poland,
00:21:31Mengele fled Auschwitz.
00:21:33He spent the following weeks
00:21:35in the Gross-Rosen concentration camp
00:21:37until his evacuation,
00:21:38and then went west
00:21:40to evade his capture by the Soviet forces.
00:21:43In the immediate postwar period,
00:21:45Mengele was under the custody of the United States.
00:21:48However,
00:21:49without knowing that his name
00:21:51was already on the list of wanted war criminals,
00:21:53American officials released him quickly.
00:21:56From the summer of 1945
00:21:59until the spring of 1949,
00:22:02the doctor, with false documents,
00:22:04worked as a peon near Rosenheim, Bavaria.
00:22:07At that time,
00:22:08his prosperous family helped him emigrate to South America.
00:22:11Mengele settled in Argentina.
00:22:15Since his crimes had been well documented
00:22:18before the International Military Tribunal,
00:22:20IMT,
00:22:21and other postwar courts,
00:22:23the Western German authorities
00:22:25issued an arrest warrant for Mengele
00:22:28in 1959
00:22:30and an extradition request in 1960.
00:22:34Alarmed by the capture of Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires
00:22:37that same year,
00:22:38Mengele moved to Paraguay
00:22:40and then to Brazil
00:22:41and spent the last years of his life near San Pablo.
00:22:44With his health getting worse,
00:22:46he suffered a cerebrovascular accident
00:22:48while swimming in a vacation center
00:22:50near Vertioga, Brazil,
00:22:52on February 7, 1979,
00:22:55and drowned.
00:22:56He was buried in a suburb of San Pablo
00:22:59with the fictitious name Wolfgang Gerhard.
00:23:02In 1985,
00:23:04the German police,
00:23:05working with evidence
00:23:06that they had recently confiscated
00:23:08from a friend of the Mengele family
00:23:10in Gunzburg,
00:23:11located his grave
00:23:12and exhumed his body.
00:23:14Then,
00:23:15Brazilian forensic experts
00:23:17identified that the remains were from Josef Mengele.
00:23:20In 1992,
00:23:22DNA tests confirmed this conclusion.
00:23:25Mengele had eluded his captors
00:23:28for 34 years.
00:23:33And so far today's video.
00:23:34Remember to subscribe and leave a like
00:23:36so that we continue to bring content for all of you.
00:23:39Until next time.
00:23:44If Hitler ever had a friend,
00:23:46that was me,
00:23:47said Albert Speer
00:23:49at the beginning of the 1970s.
00:23:51The German architect
00:23:53nuanced that statement
00:23:55by clarifying that the key word
00:23:57in the phrase was the yes.
00:23:59In fact,
00:24:00the word yes
00:24:01means
00:24:02yes,
00:24:03yes,
00:24:04yes,
00:24:05yes,
00:24:06yes,
00:24:07yes,
00:24:08yes,
00:24:09yes,
00:24:10yes,
00:24:11yes,
00:24:12yes,
00:24:13yes,
00:24:14yes,
00:24:15yes,
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00:24:17yes,
00:24:18yes,
00:24:19yes,
00:24:20yes,
00:24:21yes,
00:24:22yes,
00:24:23yes,
00:24:24yes,
00:24:25yes,
00:24:26yes,
00:24:27yes,
00:24:28yes,
00:24:29yes,
00:24:30yes,
00:24:31yes,
00:24:32yes,
00:24:33yes,
00:24:34yes,
00:24:35yes,
00:24:36yes,
00:24:37yes,
00:24:38yes,
00:24:39yes,
00:24:40yes,
00:24:41yes,
00:24:42yes,
00:24:43yes,
00:24:44yes,
00:24:45yes,
00:24:46yes,
00:24:47yes,
00:24:48yes,
00:24:49yes,
00:24:50yes,
00:24:51yes,
00:24:52yes,
00:24:53yes,
00:24:54yes,
00:24:55yes,
00:24:56yes,
00:24:57yes,
00:24:58yes,
00:24:59yes,
00:25:00yes,
00:25:01yes,
00:25:02yes,
00:25:03yes,
00:25:04yes,
00:25:05yes,
00:25:06yes,
00:25:07yes,
00:25:08yes,
00:25:09yes,
00:25:10yes,
00:25:11yes,
00:25:12yes,
00:25:13yes,
00:25:14yes,
00:25:15yes,
00:25:16yes,
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01:11:35Later, they deployed armed troops with rifles, grenades and missile launchers to attack the Italian troops without giving them a chance to reorganize.
01:11:45Following the instructions of their superiors, Rommel led his company in a surprising attack that captured Mount Matador from the flanks and the rear,
01:11:54while thousands of Italian troops tried to contain the invaders at the front.
01:11:59Two weeks later, Rommel coordinated another attack with a reduced force that took the Italian troops in Longarón by surprise,
01:12:07making them believe that they were being attacked by an enemy division.
01:12:11These attacks resulted in around 40,000 dead and wounded, in addition to almost 400,000 prisoners among the Italian troops.
01:12:20For its part, the alliance between the German and Austro-Hungarian forces managed to capture the Italian cities of Sibida-le-Jourdain
01:12:27and take about 3,000 cannons, 1,700 mortars, 300,000 rifles and approximately 275,000 Italian prisoners, of which Rommel personally captured 9,000.
01:12:42Thanks to this victory, Rommel was decorated with the prestigious Knight's Cross, the highest recognition of valor in the German army.
01:12:51However, this victory had a high cost.
01:12:54The combined German and Austro-Hungarian forces suffered around 70,000 casualties,
01:12:59many of which were caused by the fires caused during the contest.
01:13:04The capture of Lindau was another outstanding event in Rommel's history.
01:13:09After the defeat and the declaration of the end of the First World War by Kaiser William II on November 11, 1918,
01:13:17the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to reduce its military forces to a maximum of 100,000 soldiers.
01:13:23Thanks to his outstanding performance in the battlefield, Rommel managed to obtain one of the remaining places of officers in the army, ascending to the rank of captain.
01:13:32He was assigned to the 13th Infantry Regiment based in Stuttgart.
01:13:38During this period, Rommel participated in a prominent mission, the liberation of Lindau.
01:13:44After the war, revolutionary groups arose who opposed the transition government and sought a change.
01:13:51One of these groups was that of the German communists, who took over the city of Lindau in 1921.
01:13:59Receiving the order from his superiors to take the city back by force, Rommel made the decision to disobey and instead opted to start negotiations with the rebels.
01:14:08Although the details of the negotiations are not known, they were successful and the rebels peacefully handed over control of the city, thus avoiding bloodshed.
01:14:19A little-known aspect of Rommel was his closeness to Hitler.
01:14:24In addition to being recognized for his skills as an instructor, Rommel taught classes at Dresden Infantry School,
01:14:31Poster Military Academy and Weingartner-Steppe Military Academy from 1929 to 1938.
01:14:40During this period, Rommel also wrote his most famous work entitled Infantry Attacks,
01:14:46in which he recounted his experiences in the battlefields of the First World War,
01:14:50expressed his opinions on the training of young soldiers in military academies and discussed the effectiveness of his own war tactics.
01:14:59This book attracted the attention of Chancellor Adolf Hitler, who deeply appreciated Rommel's rebel spirit and his aggressive tactics in the battlefield.
01:15:09The fact that Rommel belonged to the conservative group of Christian officers of noble families was positively seen by Hitler, as he distrusted them.
01:15:18It was for this reason that he asked Rommel to lead the Führerbegleitbrigade in 1938,
01:15:25a unit in charge of accompanying Hitler on his trips abroad.
01:15:30Thus, Rommel became the outstanding general of the Führer.
01:15:34While Hitler planned the Second World War, he ordered Rommel to be assigned an office in the Chancellery.
01:15:40However, this closeness between Rommel and Hitler was not well received by the traditional generals of the armed forces,
01:15:47who saw Rommel as a figure who did not respect the chain of command.
01:15:53Shortly after, Hitler promoted Rommel to rank general and entrusted him with command of the 7th Panzer Division, jumping a hierarchical level.
01:16:02This generated hostility among several of the Nazi generals.
01:16:05From February 1940, Rommel dedicated himself to training his men in the tactics of lightning war in the training field known as the Prinz-Krieg.
01:16:15The French conquest campaign began on May 10, 1940 with Operation Yellow, which involved the invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
01:16:26Simultaneously, 93 German combat divisions and 42 reserve divisions deployed on a wide front.
01:16:33Rommel and General Guderian led their respective troops carrying out reconnaissance work.
01:16:40Due to their mobility and speed, they won the nickname of the Ghost Division,
01:16:45as they often lost contact with the other divisions,
01:16:48which meant that neither their superiors nor their enemies knew exactly their location on the battlefield.
01:16:54On May 17, after successful confrontations, Rommel captured 10,000 French soldiers with a loss of only 36 men.
01:17:03Although this feat was extraordinary, it generated some distrust in the high command,
01:17:09who finally ordered to stop the advance, as Hitler feared an exhaustion of his troops.
01:17:14Both Rommel and Guderian were involved in an allied counterattack on May 24.
01:17:20On that date, the Führer ordered a halt in the operations to allow the refueling and reconnection of the supply lines.
01:17:27Taking advantage of this period, Rommel publicly announced the German victories in Poland and France,
01:17:33consolidating the image of the German army and highlighting figures such as Rommel and Guderian as invincible.
01:17:40This had a profound impact on the morale of the French army, led by General Neguelin,
01:17:45who was defeated in the Battle of Sedan between May 12 and 15 of that same year.
01:17:50The defeat in Sedan led to the fall of Paris in just six weeks.
01:17:54On February 6, 1941, Hitler appointed Rommel as commander of the Afrika Korps
01:18:01and assigned him the leadership of two newly formed Panzer divisions
01:18:05to provide support to the fascist troops in northern Africa, which were facing numerous difficulties.
01:18:11However, when Rommel arrived in Tripoli, the capital of Libya,
01:18:15his attention was focused on supporting the Italian troops,
01:18:18which were deeply demoralized after several failed attacks.
01:18:22After two months of intense clashes, Rommel managed to push the rest of the allied forces to the Egyptian border,
01:18:30while trying to capture the city of Tobruk, whose inhabitants refused to take part in the conflict.
01:18:36However, he was unsuccessful in conquering Tobruk.
01:18:40Hitler ordered Rommel to go to Egypt to take control of the Suez Canal,
01:18:45which was the main supply route between the African colonies and Great Britain.
01:18:50Although the idea seemed promising in theory, its implementation was more complicated.
01:18:55Despite the defeats suffered by the British and Australian forces,
01:18:59Rommel's troops began to experience a shortage of supplies,
01:19:03and Tripoli was too far to be adequately supplied.
01:19:07General Bernard Montgomery took advantage of this situation by disobeying Churchill's orders to attack,
01:19:13and instead spent more time preparing his soldiers for a stronger defense against Rommel's troops,
01:19:19whom the British nicknamed the Desert Fox.
01:19:23The results of this training became evident after a series of victories.
01:19:28However, Rommel's forces were finally defeated in the Second Battle of Alamein on November 2, 1942,
01:19:36suffering around 30,000 prisoners, 16,000 wounded and 3,000 dead in the German ranks.
01:19:43Despite this, a desert storm prevented Montgomery from capturing all Rommel's forces,
01:19:49who took the opportunity to escape with the remains of the Afrika Korps,
01:19:53disobeying Hitler's orders to fight to the death.
01:19:57Two years later, Rommel returned to Germany and later moved to Normandy,
01:20:03where he established one of the largest minefields in history.
01:20:07However, Rommel decided to take a break in Berlin to celebrate his daughter's birthday,
01:20:13without suspecting that his absence on the battlefield would pave the way for the British landing on the coasts of Normandy.
01:20:20A few days later, in his last decision, a group of dissatisfied soldiers led by Klaus von Stauffenberg and Wernher von Hütten
01:20:38tried to assassinate Hitler by placing a bomb in the Führer's bunker.
01:20:42However, the attack failed and the officers involved in the conspiracy, including Rommel,
01:20:48were arrested by the Gestapo.
01:20:50After being subjected to torture, one of the prisoners confessed to having contacted Rommel several days before the attack,
01:20:58in an attempt to recruit him for his cause against Hitler.
01:21:02It is not clear whether this accusation was completely true,
01:21:06or whether it was fabricated by the high Nazi commands who hated Rommel.
01:21:10The truth is that Hitler decided that Rommel should die and presented him with two options through intermediaries.
01:21:17Either be judged for treason with the consequent dishonor to his family,
01:21:21or commit suicide, which would allow his family to receive a pension after his death.
01:21:26Caught between two frightening options, Rommel chose to take his own life by ingesting a cyanide capsule on October 14, 1944 to protect his family.
01:21:37If there is something we can learn from the history of Rommel,
01:21:40it is that not all men who fight for the evil lack honor or decency.
01:21:45Sometimes there are men with principles who are deceived by corrupt leaders
01:21:50who promise a better world to those who have suffered great losses in their lives.
01:21:55Rommel made the big mistake of not openly questioning the ideals that had led him to success,
01:22:01and of not having questioned from the beginning if the leader he was following really deserved the sacrifice of all the men who lost their lives in the name of Nazism.
01:22:08Until here today's video, remember to subscribe and leave your like so that we can continue to bring content for all of you.
01:22:14Until next time.
01:22:32Reichssicherheitshauptamt
01:22:35While he was still head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt,
01:22:38Heydrich served as protector of the Reich under the protection of Bohemia and Moravia, from 1941 to 1942.
01:22:47The Reichssicherheitshauptamt was the SS agency and the police that was more directly in charge of the implementation of the Nazi plan to assassinate European Jews during World War II.
01:23:00With a deep motivation to serve the Nazi cause,
01:23:03Heydrich lived tormented by personal insecurities that compensated his great ambition and some of his reckless love adventures.
01:23:12Unlike many of the high-ranking Nazi leaders, Heydrich's physical appearance coincided with the stereotype of being arid, tall, blond, slender and athletic.
01:23:24Until his death, he remained a talented musician, able to excite his rivals to tears playing the cello.
01:23:31Irritated since childhood by rumors that his grandmother was Jewish,
01:23:35Heydrich had ordered SS genealogical investigators to establish the facts.
01:23:40He had no Jewish ancestors.
01:23:43He was an athlete and a highly competitive aircraft pilot who, for the anguish of his superiors,
01:23:49insisted on carrying out air missions over France, Norway and southern Russia.
01:23:54Perhaps the most important thing for his career is that he was an addict to work, imaginative and energetic,
01:24:00who understood the implicit intentions of his superiors and how to transform those atrocious visions into politics.
01:24:08Baptized as a Catholic Apostolic, he was born on March 7, 1904, in Halle an der Saale,
01:24:1532 kilometers northwest of Leipzig, in the German state of Saxony.
01:24:20His father, Bruno Heydrich, was an opera singer and the director of the Halle Conservatory of Music, which he had founded in 1901.
01:24:29The First World War and its consequences turned out to be a catastrophe for the Heydrich family.
01:24:34Bruno Heydrich could barely keep the conservatory open due to the economy imposed in the post-war period.
01:24:40While his family suffered economic problems, Heydrich, still a teenager, was seduced by racist nationalism
01:24:47and witnessed demonstrations, strikes and street battles in Halle during the last year of the war and the subsequent revolutionary chaos.
01:24:56Despite these non-school activities, he had excellent grades
01:25:01and graduated from high school in the spring of 1922.
01:25:06He betrayed the hopes of his father, who hoped to dedicate himself to music,
01:25:10by enlisting in the German army on March 30, 1922, less than a month after turning 18.
01:25:18As an officer of the army, Heydrich specialized in signals and communications.
01:25:23He abandoned the daughter of a high-ranking officer of the army, to whom he had promised marriage,
01:25:29for another woman, Lina von Osten, with whom he would marry later.
01:25:33A military court of honor, scandalized by his irreverent behavior during his hearing,
01:25:39failed that he had dishonored the body of officers of the Reich army
01:25:43and forced him to resign in April 1931.
01:25:48When Heydrich was an unemployed civilian, in the midst of the Great Depression
01:25:52and with a new fan girlfriend of National Socialism,
01:25:55a friend of the family introduced him to the head of the SS, Heinrich Himmler, in Munich.
01:26:01With the intention, at that time, to create an internal intelligence service for the Nazi party,
01:26:07Himmler was so impressed with Heydrich's proposals
01:26:11that he introduced him to the SS in August 1931 and entrusted him with the development of the SD.
01:26:18In January 1933, the SD led by Heydrich,
01:26:22had become the most important intelligence agency within the Nazi party.
01:26:27In June 1934, the vice-chief of the Nazi party, Rudolf Hess,
01:26:33appointed it the only authorized agency to gather information on political intelligence within the Third Reich.
01:26:39When Himmler was appointed commander of the force of investigation of the political police of Bavaria,
01:26:44on April 1, 1933, he appointed Heydrich as the second in charge.
01:26:50Himmler and Heydrich centralized the departments of the German political police in the Gestapo.
01:26:56When Himmler's SS became independent from the SA,
01:26:59after the purge of their head of staff, Ernst Röhm,
01:27:03and the main leaders of this force that took place from June 30 to July 2, 1934,
01:27:09Heydrich took command of the Gestapo and continued to be head of the SD.
01:27:14Nine days after his appointment as Reichsführer SS and head of the German police,
01:27:19on June 17, 1936, Himmler appointed Heydrich head of the new main office of the security police,
01:27:27which he gathered in an agency to the Gestapo and the forces of investigation of the criminal police.
01:27:33From 1936 to 1939, Heydrich's formal position was head of the security police and the SD.
01:27:42After Nazi Germany unleashed World War II with the invasion of Poland,
01:27:47Himmler formally linked the security police and the SD,
01:27:51decreeing the creation of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt, on September 27, 1939, at the command of Heydrich.
01:28:00The new agency was potentially so powerful,
01:28:03that Heydrich kept his formal existence secret until his death in 1942.
01:28:09The correspondence that came out of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt
01:28:12carried the previous membership to 1939, the head of the security police and the SD.
01:28:21At the command of Heydrich, the security police and the Sicherheitsdienst
01:28:25were the main agency in charge of intelligence analysis and executive measures
01:28:29to eliminate the numerous internal and external enemies of the Nazi state.
01:28:34The Sicherheitsdienst created intelligence departments
01:28:37for the study of the alleged long-term artifacts of each of the enemies of the Reich.
01:28:42Jews from all over the world, Marxists, political churches,
01:28:47right-wing nationalist opponents and Masons.
01:28:50The Gestapo arrested these political opponents and, when necessary,
01:28:54incorporated them into concentration camps through the police authority
01:28:58granted by a preventive custody order.
01:29:01The Kripo investigated the so-called non-political criminal acts and behaviors.
01:29:06The Kripo officers arrested those whose alleged criminal or antisocial behavior
01:29:12was considered dangerous for the Reich.
01:29:15In addition to people with criminal records,
01:29:18the Kripo officers arrested homosexuals, Romanians and gypsies
01:29:22and people who participated in everything that the Kripo considered antisocial behavior.
01:29:27In a similar way to the Protective Arrest Order,
01:29:30the Kripo used a preventive arrest order
01:29:33as an instrument of arrest and imprisonment for indefinite time.
01:29:37Heydrich and Himmler shared the vision of the identity of the enemies
01:29:41in the long term of the German race and the measures to be taken against them.
01:29:45Like Himmler, Heydrich believed that the destruction of manifest and visible opponents
01:29:51was not enough to guarantee the security and survival of the German race as defined by the Nazis.
01:29:58These opponents included communist and social democrat activists,
01:30:02intellectual and organizational adepts of liberal democracy,
01:30:06traditional conservative nationalism and Christian values,
01:30:10Jews with important positions in liberal and Marxist democratic movements in Germany and Austria
01:30:16and Jewish intellectuals without affiliation who opposed the Nazi regime.
01:30:21However, these visible enemies had international links
01:30:25and aligned with camouflaged enemies who tried from within
01:30:29to destroy the natural ties between the Nazi leaders and the German people.
01:30:37As Heydrich explained in April 1936,
01:30:40the Germans with racial consciousness had to realize
01:30:43that the effective fight against the enemy must arise from the recognition
01:30:47that all visible and apparent enemies are nothing more than the tip of the iceberg
01:30:52of dangerous unalterable spiritual forces.
01:30:55The enemies themselves were eternally the same.
01:30:58The Jews, the Masons and the clergy with political orientation.
01:31:02The camouflaged, hidden and invisible ideological sources of these enemies
01:31:07were in the infectious residue of the Masonic, liberal and Jewish spirit.
01:31:12Ways of thinking that were consequences of presumably inherited racial characteristics.
01:31:17Only the complete destruction of the biological sources of that thought
01:31:21would eliminate the danger posed by those influences.
01:31:24Ultimately, the invisible Jewish opponents were the same Jews,
01:31:29as defined by the Nazis, and those who thought like Jews.
01:31:33Communists, liberals, democrats, defenders of the rights of minorities,
01:31:38Masons, Christian clerics who opposed the regime,
01:31:41Soviet communists and the American and British ruling classes
01:31:46who opposed the natural expansion of Nazi Germany.
01:31:50To be absolutely safe, the Nazis had to destroy the members of the so-called Jewish race,
01:31:56whose genetic composition created the basis of that thought,
01:32:00and the Slavic and Asian ruling classes,
01:32:03whose inheritance incorporated an inclination to follow the Jewish leaders.
01:32:07Heydrich developed some of these themes in his writings in the mid-1930s,
01:32:12and used them to support the heads of the Security Police and the Sicherheitsdienst
01:32:17in the solution of the Jewish problem.
01:32:19In 1938, experts from the Sicherheitsdienst, under the command of the SS First Lieutenant, Adolf Eichmann,
01:32:27proved to be leaders with imagination in Jewish affairs,
01:32:31by creating a station of a single stop in Vienna,
01:32:34to facilitate the forced emigration of Jews from Austria,
01:32:37and finance those operations with the extraction of funds from wealthier members of the community.
01:32:42The Schutzstaffel and the police handled the violence of the Crystal Night,
01:32:46directly and exclusively towards the Jews.
01:32:49As a result of the pogrom, they implemented the first raid of Jews,
01:32:53around 30,000, simply because they were Jews.
01:32:57The Schutzstaffel and the police imprisoned the victims of this first internal deportation,
01:33:03hoping that a stay in a concentration camp would speed up the decision to emigrate,
01:33:08and would reduce the importance of the abandonment of their assets.
01:33:11Impressed by Heydrich's dynamic leadership in competition with Nazi party officials
01:33:17and the German state for leading the solution to the Jewish problem,
01:33:21Hermann Göring, the later recognized second authority after Hitler on this matter,
01:33:26authorized Heydrich, on January 24, 1939,
01:33:31to develop plans for a solution to the Jewish problem in the German Reich.
01:33:36When Nazi Germany began military expansion,
01:33:39Heydrich created the security police operations groups and the Sicherheitsdienst.
01:33:44He entrusted them with a range of security tasks,
01:33:47the taking of key buildings and documentation,
01:33:50the creation of intelligence operations,
01:33:52and the identification and elimination of real and apparent opponents of the German regime.
01:33:59The highlights of the operations were in the first place to Austria after the Anschluss,
01:34:03in March 1938,
01:34:06and to the Sudetes, after their annexation at the beginning of October of that year.
01:34:11They obtained documentation and intelligence information and identified and arrested enemies.
01:34:18When Germany invaded Poland in 1939,
01:34:216 Einsatzgruppen moved to that country behind the front lines of troops,
01:34:26and shot or identified people they considered dangerous,
01:34:29among whom were thousands of members of the Polish nationalist and cultural elite.
01:34:33They also coordinated the concentration of the Jewish communities of Poland,
01:34:37in large cities for their future elimination.
01:34:40With the invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941,
01:34:45Nazi Germany embarked on a war against its arch-enemy in Europe.
01:34:49Soviet communism.
01:34:51Heydrich believed that Soviet Jews formed the biological base of the Soviet state.
01:34:57Therefore, he gave explicit orders that the four Einsatzgruppen of the security police,
01:35:02and the SD, who followed the German army within the USSR,
01:35:06physically annihilate the Jews,
01:35:08who were in charge in the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet state.
01:35:12In practice, and perhaps in virtue of a verbal agreement prior to the invasion,
01:35:17the Einsatzgruppen annihilated most of the Jews
01:35:20at the age of carrying weapons from the first days of the invasion.
01:35:23In early August, after identifying the Jews
01:35:27and concentrating them in ghettos or detention centers,
01:35:30the personnel of the Einsatzgruppen coordinated larger forces of the SS,
01:35:34and the police in operations to eliminate entire Jewish communities in the Soviet Union.
01:35:40On July 31, 1941,
01:35:43Göring authorized Heydrich to coordinate the resources of the Reich
01:35:47for a total solution to the Jewish problem,
01:35:50in the area of German influence in Europe.
01:35:54With this end, Heydrich had to deliver a draft with the proposed measures,
01:35:59to implement the desired final solution to the Jewish problem.
01:36:03In the following six months,
01:36:05while the regional security police and the commanders of the Sicherheitsdienst
01:36:09coordinated the annihilation of the Soviet Jews.
01:36:12The first trains, full of German, Austrian and Czech Jews,
01:36:16were moving eastwards,
01:36:18towards extermination centers in the so-called Reich Commissariat,
01:36:22for the Ostland.
01:36:23Officials from the security police and the Sicherheitsdienst of the department,
01:36:28four of the Reich Sicherheitshauptamt,
01:36:30organized the raids within Germany,
01:36:33with the local police agencies,
01:36:35and the transport by train with the Reich Ministry of Transport,
01:36:38and the German state railways.
01:36:41The regional security police,
01:36:43and the commanders of the Sicherheitsdienst in the Reich Commissariat for the Ostland,
01:36:47conducted the operations to shoot them after they arrived.
01:36:51On January 20, 1942,
01:36:54Heydrich invited high-ranking officials from various Reich ministries,
01:36:59to a conference in a house in Wannsee,
01:37:01on the southwestern border of Berlin.
01:37:03At this Wannsee conference,
01:37:05he presented plans, authorized by Hitler himself,
01:37:08to coordinate a final solution to the Jewish problem throughout Europe.
01:37:12He informed the participants,
01:37:14that Hitler had authorized the physical annihilation of European Jews,
01:37:18and had designated the SS,
01:37:20specifically the RSSA under the command of Heydrich,
01:37:23to coordinate the policy of the final solution.
01:37:26He instilled the need for the active participation of his agencies,
01:37:30to guarantee the final success of the operation.
01:37:34Even when he planned the elements of what would be the exterminating aspect of the Holocaust,
01:37:38Heydrich was looking for other areas in which to ensure the dominance of the SS,
01:37:43in Nazi Germany.
01:37:45Both Himmler and Heydrich,
01:37:47aspired to demonstrate that the SS,
01:37:49could administer territories within the Reich,
01:37:52and outside it,
01:37:53with more efficiency than the civil bureaucrats,
01:37:55or the military officers,
01:37:57whom they expected to replace with the elite of the SS,
01:38:01after the German victory.
01:38:03After the invasion of the Soviet Union,
01:38:05incited a communist resistance movement,
01:38:08formerly inactive in Bohemia and Moravia,
01:38:10to carry out acts of sabotage,
01:38:12Hitler fired the protector of the Reich,
01:38:14Konstantin von Neurath,
01:38:16and designated Heydrich,
01:38:17as protector of the Reich,
01:38:19in September 1941.
01:38:22First,
01:38:23Heydrich,
01:38:24ordered a narrow wave of terror,
01:38:26directed at leaders of the royal opposition and supposed,
01:38:29in the Czech territory.
01:38:31In October and November 1941,
01:38:34special courts of the Protectorate,
01:38:36sentenced the death penalty to 342 people,
01:38:39and handed over the Gestapo,
01:38:41to another 1,289.
01:38:44In November,
01:38:45Heydrich also created the Ghetto Field of Theresienstadt.
01:38:48Under his command,
01:38:5014,000 German and Austrian Jews,
01:38:52and more than 20,000 Czech Jews,
01:38:54were deported from Theresienstadt,
01:38:56to the Ghetto of Lodz,
01:38:57to the General Government,
01:38:59and to the Reich Commissariat for the Ostland.
01:39:04As protector of the Reich in office,
01:39:07Heydrich courted workers and Czech farmers,
01:39:10whose productive capacity was necessary
01:39:12for the German war effort,
01:39:14with salaries and packages of benefits
01:39:16equivalent to those of their German colleagues.
01:39:19The result of their policies,
01:39:21was a reduction of 73% of the acts of sabotage,
01:39:24in a period of 6 months.
01:39:26In the spring of 1942,
01:39:28the German authorities,
01:39:30were able to get rid of the pacification of the Protectorate.
01:39:33Some have speculated,
01:39:35that Heydrich later wanted,
01:39:37to assume a high-ranking civil position,
01:39:39newly created in the north of France and Belgium,
01:39:41under occupation.
01:39:43Heydrich was so sure,
01:39:44that his pacification plan,
01:39:46had been successful,
01:39:47that he shamelessly ignored measures,
01:39:49for his own security,
01:39:50and traveled through Prague in an open vehicle.
01:39:52On May 27, 1942,
01:39:55while Heydrich,
01:39:57traveled on a well-known route,
01:39:59heading to the airport,
01:40:00to fly to Hitler's headquarters,
01:40:02two Czech paratroopers,
01:40:04managed to throw a hand grenade,
01:40:06under his vehicle.
01:40:07Although the explosion itself,
01:40:09did not manage to hurt him to death,
01:40:10the splinters of the grenade in his leg,
01:40:12and the lower part of his back,
01:40:14caused an infection,
01:40:15that caused his death,
01:40:16on June 4, 1942.
01:40:21Both Hitler and Himmler,
01:40:23mourned the death,
01:40:24of this ruthless executor,
01:40:25of the final solution.
01:40:27Hitler described Heydrich as,
01:40:29one of the best National Socialists,
01:40:31one of the most acerbic defenders,
01:40:33of the concept of the German Reich,
01:40:35and one of the greatest adversaries,
01:40:37of all the enemies of this Reich.
01:40:39Later,
01:40:40Himmler,
01:40:41praised Heydrich's loyalty,
01:40:43to the elite of the SS Unified.
01:40:46With all the ambition,
01:40:47that he invested in his security police,
01:40:49and his main Reich security office,
01:40:51he saw everything,
01:40:52first of all,
01:40:53from the point of view,
01:40:54of all the SS.
01:40:56The Reichssicherheitshauptamt,
01:40:58that Heydrich created,
01:40:59and the policy of the final solution,
01:41:01that he initiated,
01:41:02would be terribly effective,
01:41:03after his death.
01:41:05The Germans and their allies,
01:41:07exterminated around 6 million Jews,
01:41:10between 1942 and 1945.
01:41:14The heads of the SS,
01:41:16and the police in Poland,
01:41:17under occupation,
01:41:18would name an extermination operation,
01:41:20of 1,700,000 Jews,
01:41:22Operation Reinhard,
01:41:24in honor,
01:41:25to the most ruthless professional,
01:41:27of mass murder.
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01:41:40Reinhard Heydrich,
01:41:41the man of the iron heart.
01:41:48Reinhard Heydrich,
01:41:49the man of the iron heart.