L'Univers pourrait bien n'être qu'un atome

Sympa

Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé si notre univers pouvait être aussi petit qu'un atome ? Certaines théories suggèrent que l'univers pourrait avoir commencé à partir d'un point extrêmement minuscule, comme un atome, puis s'être étendu pour devenir ce que nous voyons aujourd'hui. Il existe même une idée folle selon laquelle un trou noir aurait pu donner naissance à notre univers, agissant comme une graine cosmique. C'est comme penser que notre univers n'est qu'une toute petite partie de quelque chose de bien plus grand. Hallucinant, non ?  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Could it be that the entire universe is nothing more than a simple atom?

00:05When you look at a diagram of an atom, which is a basic element of any matter,

00:09you can see that some patterns of the universe are repeated.

00:13Our solar system is an excellent example of this.

00:16There is a giant central star and some small planets that gravitate around it.

00:20You also observe the same arrangement outside our galaxy,

00:24with exoplanets orbiting around their stars.

00:27And you can also testify to this principle on a smaller scale.

00:30This is how particles called protons and neutrons move around the center of an atom,

00:35which is called the core.

00:37So, imagine that you have a positive pile of magnets that you try to stack together.

00:41They continue to repel each other, don't they?

00:44This is what is supposed to happen with protons in an atom.

00:47They are all positively charged, so they should repel each other

00:51and spread in all directions.

00:54But atoms exist, so there must be something that keeps them together.

00:58And this thing is called the strong interaction, or strong force.

01:02The core represents less than 0.01% of the volume of the entire atom,

01:07but it generally represents more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom,

01:12again, similar to our sun.

01:15Anyway, this strong interaction is like a special type of glue

01:18that keeps protons and neutrons together in the core of an atom.

01:22In a similar way, gravity prevents us from flying from the ground to the darkness of space.

01:29Now, this glue comes from very small particles inside protons and neutrons called quarks.

01:35These little guys have a kind of strange charge called color.

01:39It's not like the colors we see around us.

01:42It works like a code that helps quarks stay together inside their high particles.

01:47And this code also infiltrates

01:49and helps to keep protons and neutrons together in the core.

01:53In a way, quarks are like little builders

01:56who work together to build atoms that make up everything around us.

02:00The Big Bang was said to be a magnificent moment when we got time and space.

02:05It's the story we use to explain the evolution of the universe.

02:09At first, there was only a very, very small ball of matter the size of a fish,

02:14but with a temperature of more than a quadrillion degrees.

02:17Ouch, it's hot.

02:19And this bang in the name does not mean that there really was an explosion in space.

02:25This fish began to spread, and space appeared everywhere.

02:29This gave birth to atoms, molecules, stars,

02:33and many celestial bodies that filled the empty space of our cosmos.

02:38Essentially, all the elements that make up us formed in a few minutes at the first stage of the universe,

02:44let's say about one hundredth of a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second.

02:49Oh wait, give me a second to deal with this three years later.

02:53Very well, let's continue.

02:55Growth at this time was incredible.

02:57The universe spread exponentially and managed to double in size at least 90 times,

03:03like me during the holidays.

03:04Haha, I love chocolate.

03:06After the Big Bang, the universe was a hot and dense soup of particles,

03:10too hot for atoms to exist.

03:12But 390,000 years later, it cooled down enough for electrons to mix with the nucleus and form atoms.

03:20It's a process we call recombination.

03:23And that's what made the universe transparent.

03:25Think of it as if you were turning on a switch.

03:28Suddenly, you can see everything.

03:30But it's not because the universe has become transparent that it was luminous.

03:34It was a dark period, because there were no stars or galaxies yet,

03:38like a large empty canvas waiting for something to be painted on it.

03:41It was only much later, as the universe continued to evolve,

03:45that stars and other luminous objects began to form and illuminate the darkness.

03:51And it continued to evolve, filling itself with planets, asteroids, galaxies and other things.

03:58Okay, so that's the story we've been told for a few decades.

04:02And I must admit that it is pretty good.

04:05Scientists have studied it in detail.

04:07They observed the residual electromagnetic radiation of the young universe.

04:11They measured the presence of the lightest elements,

04:14to realize that they all correspond to the history of the Big Bang.

04:18The new theories do not say that the Big Bang did not take place.

04:21It is a good representation of the cosmos at its beginning.

04:24But it's like an unfinished puzzle with missing important pieces.

04:28We cannot explain what happened before the Big Bang using our current physics.

04:34So we need new mathematics to explain the delicate parts, like the so-called singularity.

04:40It is the point of infinite density, you remember, since the beginning of the Big Bang.

04:44And that's where the string theory comes into play,

04:47like a powerful toolbox capable of handling gravity and all the other combined forces.

04:52Now, one of the ideas that the string theory has brought us is the expiratory universe.

04:58Imagine a big fire that triggers another, and this fire triggers another, and so on.

05:04Well, in this scenario, the Big Bang was not the beginning of everything.

05:08It was just part of a larger process.

05:11It is the idea of the cyclic universe, of endless Russian mountains,

05:15with Big Bangs as a beginning and Big Crunches as an end,

05:19happening again and again, potentially forever.

05:23It's like the universe was constantly pressing the reset button.

05:27And it does it in a really funny way.

05:30We could consider this singularity, according to some theories,

05:34as a single particle in a much larger system.

05:37Just like an atom is composed of subatomic particles.

05:40And taking all this into account,

05:42the idea is that each nucleus of an atom could contain a universe in it.

05:46Thus, our entire universe is only a tiny part of an atom

05:50in a much larger universe made of atoms with more cosmos with more atoms with more cosmos.

05:56So confusing.

05:59The first versions of the idea of the cyclic universe still had a big problem.

06:04They did not correspond to our observations of the cosmological diffuse background,

06:08a fossil light that shows what the universe looked like when it was only 380,000 years old.

06:13Thus, in March 2020, two Canadian physicists, Robert Brandenberger and Ziwei Wang,

06:19published a study that revealed the mathematics behind the cyclic universe

06:23that we had missed before.

06:25If we focus on the moment when the universe shrinks to an incredibly small point,

06:30then bounces back to a state of Big Bang,

06:33we could finally be able to match our observations.

06:37We just have to wait for new experiments to fully test this idea.

06:42The Great Unified Era.

06:44This is how we call the era when the universe was still young.

06:47At that time, matter and antimatter, which are like mirror images of each other,

06:52existed in approximately equal quantities.

06:55But since they are opposite forces, when they come into contact with each other,

07:00they are destroyed in a powerful explosion, like fireworks.

07:04This means that even if matter and antimatter were constantly created and destroyed,

07:09in one way or another, there was always a little more matter than antimatter,

07:13which is a good thing, because otherwise we would be left with nothing.

07:17Over time, particles began to assemble and form more complex things,

07:21like atoms and molecules.

07:23And finally, stars were formed and created even heavier elements.

07:28But one day, in a very, very long time, all these stars will go out.

07:33When the last star cools down slowly and goes out,

07:36the universe will turn into a dark vacuum, without life, light,

07:40or whatever we know or suppose exists.

07:43At some point, voracious black holes will devour all matter in space.

07:48Finally, even these black holes will evaporate into the tiniest amount of light.

07:54Our cosmos will continue to expand.

07:56Light will disperse and will be unable to interact with anything.

08:01Thus, all activity in the universe will stop.

08:04Space will become a huge void, without stars, planets, or anything else,

08:10and it will stop there.

08:11Or it will start right there.

08:13And maybe that's where we'll end up.

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