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00:00Oh my! This is a flood! Help! Help!
00:07But first, you need to learn about floods.
00:10Zoom in!
00:12Many of you might think that floods are a natural phenomenon.
00:17But it's not.
00:19Floods are a natural phenomenon.
00:22They are caused by the presence of water.
00:26Zoom in!
00:28Many of you might think that floods are just overflowing of water.
00:33Well, it is much more than that.
00:39An event when a dry piece of land suddenly gets submerged in water..
00:44..is usually known as floods.
00:47Oh! Don't take it lightly.
00:49A flood comes in all depths.
00:52Sometimes, it is so high that you don't even have a place to go.
00:58The power of floods is sometimes very dangerous.
01:02It can knock your car off and sweep you off your feet too.
01:08Causes of floods are heavy rains, river overflow, tsunami or hurricanes..
01:16..ice or snowmails, breaking of dams, etc.
01:21Oh! Help!
01:27So, a flood can be divided majorly into three categories.
01:34Slow-onset floods.
01:36This kind of flood usually happens when water bodies overflood their banks.
01:42As the name suggests, this one develops slowly..
01:46..which can last for days or even weeks.
01:51Rapid-onset floods.
01:53This kind of flood lasts for a day or two.
01:57Even though it is destructive, it still takes a little time to develop..
02:02..and thus giving people a chance to escape.
02:07Now comes the most dangerous of them all.
02:10Flash floods.
02:12This kind occurs within a very short time.
02:16That is, 2 to 6 hours.
02:19And sometimes within minutes.
02:21This doesn't give any time to prepare.
02:24No warnings, no words of caution, just destruction.
02:30But hey, don't lose heart.
02:33We can do our bits to prevent floods.
02:36Yes, that's right.
02:38Planting more trees help preventing floods.
02:43The roots of plants and trees dig deep into the soil..
02:47..and create spaces between soil particles..
02:50..which help in seeping and holding on to flood water.
02:55Trivia Time!
02:58Floods can even occur in deserts.
03:01In ancient Egypt, people relied on the Nile River floods..
03:05..because they created enriched soil for farmers.
03:10So, what are the three types of floods?
03:14Well, you keep thinking and post your answers in the comment section below.
03:20This is me Zooming out.
03:23Tune in next time for more fun facts.
03:27Hey friends, isn't the weather lovely?
03:30Wait a minute, is it me or is the ground moving?
03:35Whoa! Be careful, it's a landslide.
03:40Let me tell you about this natural disaster.
03:45Zoom in!
03:47When the upper mass of the soil gets dislocated from the lower layers..
03:52..and travels downslope, it is referred to as a landslide.
03:57It is also called a landslip or a mudslide.
04:02Landslides can be caused by a number of reasons.
04:06It could be either natural causes like volcanic eruptions..
04:10..soil erosion and sometimes heavy rainfall..
04:15..increases the wrath of landslides.
04:18Even human activities like mining, cutting trees..
04:22..increase the fertility of land and make it more prone to landslides.
04:28One of the most prevalent reasons is gravity.
04:33Well, whatever is up has to fall down due to gravity, isn't it?
04:40Landslides can either move very slowly like some millimeters per year..
04:46..or it could be disastrously fast, sometimes more than 100 miles per hour.
04:54But if you're living on a flat land with no hills or mountains, then you're safe.
05:01But if you're living somewhere between mountains and on a hilly terrain..
05:06..then my friends, you might be at risk.
05:09But don't worry, you could always prepare with some simple steps.
05:15Avoid building houses near steep slopes or at the edges of mountains.
05:21Stay away from drainage paths because water flow increases the speed of landslides.
05:28Landslides do not only happen on Earth.
05:32Many scientists believe that planets like Mercury, Mars and Venus have had landslides too.
05:40Woah! Looks like friends, I'm not even safe here.
05:45Trivia Time!
05:48Landslides can happen underwater too and they are called Submarine Landslides.
05:55The Hutt Mountain Landslide is the largest landslide ever recorded..
06:00..that has happened 50 million years ago.
06:05So friends, what are the other two names for landslides?
06:10Post it right below in the comment section and wait for more fun facts.
06:16This is me Zooming out!
06:21What's wrong with the water today?
06:24One day of no water can be so troublesome, isn't it?
06:28But can you imagine living for a week without adequate water supply?
06:33That's what happens in a drought.
06:35And this is what we'll be talking about today.
06:39Come on, Zoom in!
06:42Droughts are usually defined as extended periods of time with less than average rainfall.
06:49Causing a water shortage on the surface, in the atmosphere or in the ground water levels.
06:56It truly becomes a disaster when it begins to affect crops and the lives of people and animals alike.
07:05Droughts can lead to the destruction of crops, erosion of soil, severe shortage of water supply, etc.
07:15Droughts can be classified into four different types.
07:19These are Meteorological Drought.
07:22This kind of drought is specific to different regions based on the weather.
07:28For example, 20 inches of rainfall in a year is normal for place A.
07:35But the same amount could be very less to place B.
07:41Agricultural Drought.
07:43This accounts for the water needs of crops and agriculture.
07:48For instance, not enough water at planting may cause low yields.
07:54Leading to low plant populations.
07:58Hydrological Drought.
08:00Refers to continuous low water volumes in streams, rivers and reservoirs.
08:07Human activities can worsen hydrological droughts.
08:11Hydrological drought is often linked with meteorological droughts.
08:18Socioeconomic Drought.
08:20This occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply.
08:25Examples of this could be when a state requires a lot more water than is produced..
08:32..from hydroelectric stations or underground wells.
08:37Now that you know about what droughts are, let me tell you some tips on how to survive them.
08:45The one major rule you must keep in mind is, SAVE WATER!
08:51So, here are some tips for saving water during a drought.
08:56Fill the washing machine and dishwasher to full before starting them.
09:03Wash fruits and vegetables in a bowl of water instead of under running water.
09:09Don't leave the water running while washing your face or brushing your teeth.
09:16Take smaller showers or if you use a bathtub, fill it only half way.
09:22And most importantly, RECYCLE!
09:26Don't waste water that can be reused somewhere else, such as to water plants or cleaning.
09:34TRIVIA TIME!
09:37Only 0.3% of water on earth is fresh water available for human consumption.
09:46A once thriving settlement by the Pueblo people in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico..
09:52..was abandoned in the 13th century due to a 60 year mega drought.
09:59Well friends, now you know what droughts are and how to prepare and survive through them.
10:06For more fun facts, tune in next time.
10:09Till then, this is me Zooming out!
10:13Woooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10:43Oh okay, well that reminds me that today's topic is Hurricane!
10:49Zoom in!
10:51Whoa!
10:53A hurricane is a huge storm that generally forms over warm ocean waters near the equator.
11:01The warm air above the ocean rises upward, thus creating an area of low pressure below.
11:08Air from the surrounding areas push in and try to fill the area with low air pressure,
11:15which now becomes warm and moist and rises too.
11:20As the moist air rises, the surrounding air again tries to fill in
11:26and this process continues till the water in the air forms clouds.
11:31Soon the clouds and winds spin around, fueled by the ocean's heat and water vapor.
11:39Therefore, hurricanes could also be called giant engines that use warm and moist air as their fuel.
11:48When we see from the top, hurricanes can be as huge as 300 miles wide.
11:55The center of the hurricane is called the eye of the hurricane, which is the calmest part.
12:03The eye wall surrounds the eye where the most damaging winds are found.
12:09It can range anywhere from 5 to 30 miles.
12:14Then comes the rain bands which surround the eye wall.
12:18These bands are a series of dense clouds that give a pinwheel like appearance to the hurricane,
12:25which range from 50 to 300 miles.
12:30Hurricanes are divided into 5 categories depending on the speed of their wind.
12:37Here, take a look.
12:40Category 3, 4 and 5 are the most dangerous ones.
12:45Trivia Time!
12:48A huge hurricane can release energy equivalent to 10 atomic bombs per second.
12:55Hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean are known as Typhoons.
13:01So this is me zooming out.
13:05Tune in next time for more fun facts.
13:09Bye!
13:15Whoa!
13:19You're laughing, right? Watching me tumble like that?
13:22Are you?
13:24Oh, no, no, go ahead.
13:29But hey, do you know what just happened?
13:33Whoa!
13:35There we go again.
13:38Well, this is nothing but an earthquake.
13:42A small one indeed.
13:43Come, let me tell you about earthquakes today.
13:48Zoom in!
13:50The surface of the earth is like a jigsaw puzzle.
13:54Yes, it's not a single piece of land, but approximately 20 pieces of a puzzle that constantly move.
14:02But you don't feel it because they move quite slowly.
14:07Each one of those puzzle pieces are called tectonic plates.
14:11So, whenever those plates hit, bump or slide past another plate, an earthquake is caused.
14:22The surface where these plates slip is called the Fault or the Fault Plane.
14:28So, when do you think it happens?
14:31Well, it happens all the time.
14:35But hey, don't be scared.
14:37Most of the times, we don't feel the quakes as they are too small to reach us.
14:44But sometimes, they are so strong that they can be felt over a thousand miles away.
14:52The place where the earthquake originates is called the Hypocenter.
14:57And the place where it occurs on the earth's surface is called the Epicenter.
15:03There are three types of earthquakes.
15:06Convergent Boundary
15:09Here, one plate is forced over another during an earthquake, which causes a thrust fault.
15:17Many hills and mountains have been formed due to the Convergent Boundary.
15:23Divergent Boundary
15:25Here, plates are drifted apart from each other, forming a rift zone.
15:31This kind gives birth to new ocean flows.
15:35Transform Fault
15:37Here, the plates slip by each other and this is also called Strike Slip.
15:44So, earthquakes are nothing but the shaking, rolling or a sudden shock of the earth's surface.
15:55Now you know that whenever the earth is stressed or angry, it shakes and grumbles.
16:02Haha! Don't be scared. I was just kidding.
16:07Trivia Time
16:09The instrument used by scientists to measure the intensity of earthquake is known as a seismograph.
16:17A tsunami is caused when earthquakes occur underwater.
16:22Bobo! Woah! Yikes!
16:26I need to rush before I tumble again.
16:29So this is me zooming out. Tune in next time for more fun facts.
16:37Hey! Hello friends!
16:44Oh no! I guess that's a tsunami!
16:49Come, let me tell you all about it.
16:53Zoom in!
16:55Tsunamis are caused by sudden movements of the ocean floor due to earthquakes.
17:01Landslides on the sea floor.
17:04Land slumping into the ocean.
17:08Large volcanic eruptions or a meteorite crash on the ocean floor.
17:14When an earthquake, a landslide or a volcanic eruption occurs on the sea or ocean bed..
17:24..a vertical joint is created which displaces the bed and causes extreme tension in water.
17:32The water is pushed upwards but gravity tries to pull it down.
17:38This causes an upsurge in the water levels and the waves start moving away from the point of tension.
17:47Tsunamis are barely felt as a ripple on the ocean surface as the water is quite deep.
17:55But as and when those waves reach the land, the water becomes shallower.
18:01And the waves constantly increase in height.
18:04They hit the shore and oh my! cause a lot of destruction.
18:11It is said the first wave of a tsunami is not the strongest.
18:17But the successive waves are bigger and stronger.
18:21Oh! And tsunamis can travel at a speed of about 500 miles per hour.
18:29Which is almost as fast as a jet plane.
18:33And that's why tsunami waves are called killer waves.
18:38Deadly, isn't it?
18:42Did you know that a tsunami wave can be less than 30 cm in height and can pass off unnoticed?
18:50If you get stuck in a tsunami, don't swim.
18:53Because the currents will pull you in the opposite direction.
18:57Just hold on to a floating object and be safe.
19:01So here's the deal, go watch this video to know more about earthquakes.
19:06After all, that's one of the major causes of a tsunami.
19:11This is me zooming out.
19:14Tune in next time for more fun facts.
19:22Oh! Hello friends.
19:24Oh!
19:29Are you wondering what this is?
19:32Well, it's the molten lava that comes out from a volcano.
19:38Come, let me tell you what a volcano is.
19:42Zoom in.
19:44I'm sure you've seen mountains that open up and blurt out thick molten semi-solid like substance.
19:52Well, that's called a volcano.
19:55Let's learn more about it.
19:59A volcano is a vent or chimney that connects magma from within the Earth's crust to the Earth's surface.
20:07The liquid rock is called magma when it is under the Earth's surface and lava after it comes out.
20:16So, how does a volcano erupt?
20:20The molten rock stored in the magma chamber rises through the crater pipe pockets.
20:26As it travels up the main vent, gases expand and water becomes steam, creating pressure.
20:34When the pressure can no longer be contained, the volcano erupts through the crater and secondary side vents.
20:41Common volcanic gases include water vapour, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulphide.
20:54Popular belief is that volcanoes are large cone-shaped mountains, but that's not true.
21:01There are many more types of volcanoes, such as white plateaus, fissure vents, and volcanic eruptions.
21:09There are also volcanoes found on the ocean floor and even under ice caps, such as those found in Iceland.
21:19The word volcano originally comes from the name of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan.
21:28The tallest volcano in the solar system isn't on Earth at all.
21:34The tallest volcano in the solar system isn't on Earth at all.
21:39But on Mars!
21:42So, tune in next time for some more fun-filled facts.
21:46This is me Zooming Out!