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Transcript
00:00:00This black ominous looking snake won't hurt you, it's got no fangs!
00:00:06You may have mistakenly thought that this black critter is none other than a black mamba,
00:00:12but it's just a harmless rat snake.
00:00:14There's one main sign that can help you figure out if a snake is really dangerous.
00:00:20Unfanged species do not have a venom delivery system, therefore their bites won't harm
00:00:24you that much.
00:00:26But if you see a snake with fangs, you're in real danger!
00:00:30If you come across a snake, it's best to leave the area and seek assistance from a wildlife
00:00:35professional in identifying the reptile.
00:00:38Here are some tips to help you distinguish between the two types.
00:00:41Observe their behavior, nesting habits, and habitats.
00:00:45Some snakes may shake their tails as a warning signal.
00:00:48Also, venomous snakes typically have triangular shaped heads, compared to non-venomous snakes
00:00:54with rounded heads.
00:00:59Time for an optical illusion!
00:01:01Can you spot a snake here?
00:01:04You'd better be attentive because there's a boomslang hiding on that tree!
00:01:08This slithery critter has mastered the art of disguise, and it likes to pretend to be
00:01:12a tree branch.
00:01:14Also, boomslangs may not have the best sense of smell, but they make up for it with their
00:01:18ability to detect chemicals in the air.
00:01:21Using their tongues, they gather odor molecules and press them against their sensory organs
00:01:26in the mouth.
00:01:27This snake is venomous.
00:01:29Just look at those fangs!
00:01:31Still, while they're not in use, the snake can neatly fold back its fangs into its mouth.
00:01:40Rattlesnakes and humans have something in common.
00:01:43Both have a lot of keratin-made accessories in our bodies.
00:01:47Fingernails and hair are made of keratin, and rattlesnakes' rattles are made of it,
00:01:52too.
00:01:53The staple sounds these slithery creatures make are similar to the noise we humans can
00:01:58make when we rub our nails against one another.
00:02:02But these reptiles do it super fast, so it almost sounds like hissing.
00:02:08Whenever the snakes shed, they add up a new segment to their rattle.
00:02:11But it's not like the older a snake is, the more segments it has.
00:02:15Their rattles may wear off or break, just like our nails.
00:02:19Rattlesnakes as well as many other snakes have a unique inner ear structure that doesn't
00:02:24include an eardrum.
00:02:26This means they can't pick up airborne sounds like we do.
00:02:29Instead, their inner ear is connected to their jaw, and they use this mechanism to feel vibrations.
00:02:36Biologists are still figuring out whether snakes detect sounds through pressure or mechanical
00:02:41vibrations in their bodies.
00:02:44They're also quite selective eaters.
00:02:47Rattlesnakes only chow down when they're feeling hungry, with adults usually waiting around
00:02:51two weeks between meals.
00:02:54These sneaky hunters usually go after mice, rats, squirrels, and rabbits, but they won't
00:02:59say no to a bird if they manage to catch one.
00:03:02Younger rattlesnakes, on the other hand, tend to have a heartier appetite, sometimes dining
00:03:06as often as once a week.
00:03:09Now look at their huge fangs!
00:03:12They're like hypodermic needles, hollow and sharp, allowing them to inject venom.
00:03:17What's really cool is that these fangs are hinged and lie flat against the snake's upper
00:03:22jaw when its mouth is closed, only to spring forward perpendicularly when it strikes.
00:03:31Majestic cottonmouths are named this way because of the striking white coloration inside their
00:03:36mouths that they display when threatened.
00:03:39These semi-aquatic serpents effortlessly navigate both water and land, earning them
00:03:44the moniker water moccasin.
00:03:47Equipped with heat-sensing facial pits nestled between their eyes and nostrils, they possess
00:03:52an extraordinary ability to detect even the slightest temperature variations, honing in
00:03:57on potential prey with precision.
00:04:01Rarely do cottonmouths bite humans, reserving their venomous strike for moments of provocation.
00:04:07Here's a tip on how to distinguish between non-venomous water snakes and their venomous
00:04:12counterparts, cottonmouths.
00:04:15While water snakes boast a slender build, cottonmouths exude a robust and weighty presence.
00:04:21The telltale signs continue with water snakes sporting elongated, slender tails and heads
00:04:26proportionate to their necks, contrasting with the blocky and broad head of a cottonmouth.
00:04:33The pupils of the water snake are round, a departure from the vertical, cat-like pupils
00:04:38of cottonmouths.
00:04:39Plus, non-venomous snakes don't have the distinctive facial pits characteristic of
00:04:44pit vipers like cottonmouths.
00:04:49Here's another venomous star, the copperhead snake.
00:04:53Their musk smells just like cucumbers.
00:04:56Their venom is pretty particular too.
00:04:59Will you be in trouble if this snake bites you?
00:05:01Totally!
00:05:02Does it help cure lethal conditions?
00:05:04Sorta.
00:05:05It's not a 100% proven fact so far, but scientists have been testing this theory for
00:05:11quite a while, and they did notice that the copperhead snake's venom can, if not cure
00:05:16some serious conditions, but slow down their progression.
00:05:20Even so, they have the most venomous bites among all the US snakes, but antivenom for
00:05:25the bites somehow is not always needed.
00:05:29Coral snakes are known for their non-aggressive nature, as they are shy and secretive creatures.
00:05:35Theirs make up less than 1% of snake bites in America.
00:05:39Their venom is a neurotoxin that paralyzes nerves, and due to their small teeth, they
00:05:44must chew on their prey to inject the venom.
00:05:47When feeling threatened, a coral snake will curl the tip of its tail to confuse the attacker
00:05:52about the location of its head.
00:05:56The mysterious and mesmerizing black mamba, also known as the black-mouthed mamba, calls
00:06:02the rocky savanna its home and loves to hang out near termite mounds.
00:06:07With a color range from gray to dark brown, its name comes from the dark interior of its
00:06:12mouth.
00:06:14Black mambas hold the title of some of the fastest-moving snakes globally, reaching speeds
00:06:18of 10 to 12 miles per hour on a sleek surface.
00:06:22Despite its fierce reputation, unprovoked attacks on humans remain unproven, and the
00:06:27snake is actually responsible for only a small number of lethal cases each year.
00:06:34Saw-scaled vipers possess a fascinating ability to produce a spine-chilling noise, accompanied
00:06:40by a striking threat display.
00:06:42The unique shape of their scales allows them to create a prolonged rattling hiss or sizzle
00:06:47when they move in a particular terrifying manner.
00:06:51These sounds serve as a clear warning to anyone in close proximity to the snake.
00:06:56Despite being responsible for many fatalities, without treatment, the saw-scaled viper's
00:07:01bites are fatal in fewer than 10% of cases.
00:07:05This contrasts starkly with the king cobra and black mamba, whose untreated bite fatalities
00:07:10are significantly higher.
00:07:13Saw-scaled vipers are known for their extreme aggression and lightning-fast strikes, making
00:07:18them some of the quickest and most unpredictable snakes in the world.
00:07:25When you're out hiking in the bush, remember not to mess with any snakes you come across,
00:07:30even if they don't seem alive.
00:07:32Some sneaky snakes play possum and can strike if bothered.
00:07:36If you spot one, give it some space.
00:07:39When it comes to snakes, they're usually pretty shy and won't bother you unless they
00:07:43feel threatened.
00:07:44Trying to catch or harm a snake is a big no-no, as that's when most snake bites occur.
00:07:50And don't be tricked by their size.
00:07:52Even little snakes can pack a punch.
00:07:55For example, baby brown snakes are born with venom, so it's best to admire them from
00:08:00a safe distance.
00:08:02Each year, over 7,000 Americans fall victim to snake bites, often due to misguided attempts
00:08:08to handle or fight a snake.
00:08:10It's crucial to avoid such actions and seek immediately medical help if bitten.
00:08:16Understanding how to differentiate between venomous and non-venomous snakes is key to
00:08:20assessing potential risks.
00:08:23Contact a professional if you're unsure about a snake's identity, and never handle
00:08:27a snake, even if it appears harmless.
00:08:34This is not some hypothetical situation or fairy tale.
00:08:38The Vesuvius supervolcano that erased the city of Pompeii may wake up again and destroy
00:08:44many other towns built near the mountain.
00:08:47And to understand what consequences humanity would face if it wakens this time, it's
00:08:53smart to note what the eruption did 2,000 years ago with the ancient city.
00:08:59So Pompeii was a thriving city in the Roman Empire, located just 5 miles from Vesuvius
00:09:05on the west coast of Italy.
00:09:08It was a resort where the noblest and richest people rested.
00:09:12They walked along cozy streets, lived in beautiful villas, and had fun beside fountains.
00:09:19The soil in this region was fertile since the ground around the volcano had a lot of
00:09:23useful elements.
00:09:24Olives and grapes from Pompeii were sold throughout the empire.
00:09:30About 12,000 people lived in Pompeii by the time of the eruption.
00:09:34It seems not so much compared to modern standards, but it was considered a big city in those
00:09:40days.
00:09:42The catastrophe began unexpectedly in 79 CE.
00:09:46At first, everyone felt the ground tremble.
00:09:50Birds flew away from the volcano as far as possible.
00:09:53There was tension in the air because of the impending catastrophe.
00:09:58The volcano started to release thick smoke, soot, and ash.
00:10:02There was so much of it that soon it obscured the sky over the city with a heavy gray cloud.
00:10:09Vesuvius spat out gases, rocks, and dirt.
00:10:12Hot ash polluted the air and made it difficult for people to breathe.
00:10:16Locals couldn't see inside this gray haze.
00:10:20And then it started raining heavily.
00:10:22The water mixed with ash and soot and fell on Pompeii.
00:10:26Roofs of houses broke under the heavy weight of mud.
00:10:30Streets, fountains, alleys, and squares were hidden under millions of tons of soot.
00:10:36The next day, the destruction continued with renewed force.
00:10:41There was an explosion of hot gas and crushed rock at the top of the mountain.
00:10:46A devastating blast wave at a speed of 100 mph dispersed in all directions and vaporized
00:10:53all the trees in its path.
00:10:55When the wave reached Pompeii, it turned the city into ruins.
00:10:59On the second day, the eruption stopped.
00:11:03By this time, the great town had been lying under a thick blanket of ash.
00:11:08By the way, this type of eruption is called an explosive one.
00:11:13But when lava flows out of a volcano and causes a fire, this is a quiet eruption.
00:11:19The last time Vesuvius erupted was in 1944.
00:11:23But even today, it's still one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world.
00:11:29Nobody's afraid of it.
00:11:31Three million people live around the mountain, about 20 miles from the crater.
00:11:36If the volcano wakes up, it could be one of the most enormous cataclysms in the modern
00:11:41world.
00:11:43Pompeii was destroyed almost 2,000 years ago.
00:11:47Since then, science and technology have advanced a lot.
00:11:51We're planning to colonize Mars someday.
00:11:54We've created a metaverse.
00:11:56But so far, we're still powerless before the forces of nature.
00:12:01An erupting supervolcano can destroy nature around it and cause technogenic catastrophes
00:12:07in big cities.
00:12:08The phone lines would be overloaded, and people wouldn't be able to call their loved ones
00:12:12or the rescue services.
00:12:15There would be big traffic jams on the roads.
00:12:18Panic would spread throughout the streets.
00:12:21Disasters would start because of falling hot soot.
00:12:24All flights would be canceled, and locals would have to hide in airports, supermarkets,
00:12:29and the subway.
00:12:30A large gray cloud would obscure the sun and make the air hot.
00:12:35The only thing that can help us in such a situation is a preliminary warning about the
00:12:40upcoming eruption and good preparation.
00:12:43So, if the disaster starts while walking on the streets, you should take shelter in a
00:12:48car or building.
00:12:50It's better to buy a dust mask in advance that allows you to breathe freely.
00:12:55If there's no mask, cover your nose and mouth with any cloth.
00:12:59If you stay at home, close all doors and windows so volcanic ash can't get into your apartment
00:13:05or home.
00:13:07These incandescent particles can easily set fire to a carpet or curtains.
00:13:12Put wet towels under the door sills.
00:13:15If you need to go outside for some reason, wear a suit covering your body completely.
00:13:20Don't forget about the protection for your eyes.
00:13:23Put on special glasses that have a dust-proof function.
00:13:26And remember about the mask.
00:13:30If you have a house, you need to disconnect the downpipes from the gutters to avoid clogging
00:13:35the drains.
00:13:36If your house has a rainwater collection system, you need to disconnect the pipes from the
00:13:40tank.
00:13:42Flooding with ashes is a hot, dense mess that can easily break the water supply system.
00:13:48Fill the tub and sink to have water for washing and cleaning in case the central water supply
00:13:52is turned off.
00:13:55Set the lowest temperature on the fridge and freezer.
00:13:57Your food will be stored much longer if electricity is shut down in the city.
00:14:03Go to a room without windows above ground level and wait for a message from authorities
00:14:08on the radio or TV.
00:14:11Put the receiver close to you so you don't miss anything important.
00:14:15The device must have a full charge, a strong body, and a powerful antenna.
00:14:21Here's an excellent option for survival in the ash apocalypse.
00:14:25The eruption is intensifying, and you hear on the radio about the evacuation.
00:14:31At this point, you need to calm down and follow the instructions from rescuers.
00:14:36Collect a bag at home with food, water, and medical supplies.
00:14:41Your emergency kit should include flares, maps, a first aid kit, sleeping bags, flashlights,
00:14:47a fire extinguisher, a portable phone charger, car tools, and a few charged batteries.
00:14:55You should always have a filled gasoline canister if you live near an active volcano.
00:15:01Going to the gas station is not a good idea during the evacuation.
00:15:05You can get into a long traffic jam and spend too much time in it.
00:15:10If you don't have a car, ask your friends for help or pay someone for a ride.
00:15:15It's possible the city administration would organize buses for evacuation.
00:15:21You would find out about it through the radio.
00:15:24In any case, before leaving the house, don't forget to turn off the gas and electrical
00:15:29devices and shut off the valve with the water supply to prevent your home from a gas leak
00:15:34or flooding.
00:15:37So you're driving a car.
00:15:39The authorities must announce the plans for evacuation.
00:15:43Don't go off the route because some roads can be blocked.
00:15:47Perhaps they will say the eruption is over and you can return home.
00:15:50Maybe the eruption will be so strong that it will destroy the city.
00:15:55Anyway, if you're prepared, you'll have fewer things to worry about.
00:16:00Modern seismic sensors monitor the fluctuations of tectonic plates and the volcano's activity,
00:16:05so the eruption won't be a surprise.
00:16:10Pompeii is far from the only city destroyed by the eruption.
00:16:14In 1785, a similar disaster occurred in the Japanese town of Aogashima.
00:16:21It was located right in the crater of an active volcano, and one day it woke up.
00:16:28It was sunny weather, and no one suspected a disaster was coming.
00:16:32At some point, the birds rose in the air and flew away.
00:16:37Then the ground began to shake.
00:16:41A heavy low sound came from the depths of the island, and thick streams of smoke and
00:16:46ash erupted from the volcano.
00:16:49The volcano threw dirt and big red hot stones into the sky.
00:16:54It looked like a meteor shower.
00:16:56People evacuated, and the mountain continued to erupt for several weeks.
00:17:01When the ashes settled, the volcano fell asleep again, and people began to return to
00:17:06their city.
00:17:08Despite the risk of a new eruption, they continue to live and work there today.
00:17:13Since then, more than 200 years have passed, and the volcano never woke up.
00:17:19Meteorological and seismological services monitor the situation and seismic activity.
00:17:26After all the horrors and devastation that a volcanic eruption leads to, harmony in nature
00:17:31eventually comes.
00:17:33Decades and centuries later, volcanic ash, rich in helpful food elements, settles on
00:17:39the soil and makes it fertile.
00:17:41Then life will rise from the ashes like a phoenix.
00:17:47You're driving around with your friend Annie in the wild Australian outback.
00:17:51The sun is scorching hot, but you see a mob of cute kangaroos hopping around.
00:17:56You stop the car and you get out to film them with your friends.
00:17:59You even go live to impress your friends and followers.
00:18:02Suddenly, one of the kangaroos leaps towards you at full velocity, ready to swing.
00:18:07Alright, let's freeze right here for a second before you or your friend get hurt.
00:18:13Kangaroos have extremely powerful legs and can jump around 30 feet in the air.
00:18:18Those strong legs can let them hop at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour, faster than any
00:18:23average human.
00:18:24So if you're thinking about running a mob of angry kangaroos, or a single kangaroo,
00:18:29then don't.
00:18:30They'll chase after you and knock you down before you even reach your top speed.
00:18:34Their tails are strong and sometimes act like a fifth limb when they're grazing in a field.
00:18:40Kangaroos generally eat grass like cows, but also feast on shrubs, moss, and even fungi.
00:18:45Their tails are essential for keeping balance.
00:18:48They can stand as tall as 6 feet, with their tail making up half of that.
00:18:53Back to you guys.
00:18:54The kangaroo is only a few feet away from you.
00:18:56The first thing you have to do is protect your body.
00:18:59Turn it sideways and extend your arm out.
00:19:01Make sure your head is out of reach.
00:19:04Their paws have very sharp claws, so you don't want them laying any jabs on you, especially
00:19:09your head.
00:19:10They kick with both feet, which means they rest their body on their tails and extend
00:19:14both legs to push kick their aggressors, aka Annie and you.
00:19:19Their feet are huge, which makes them even more dangerous.
00:19:22Well, time is still frozen, so you and Annie get into position and are ready for the kangaroo
00:19:27attack.
00:19:28And action!
00:19:30The kangaroo stands face to face with you like a boxer in a ring.
00:19:33It moves closer, but you're in the correct position to reduce damage from your end as
00:19:38much as you can.
00:19:39Even though you know how to defend yourself, facing off with a 6 foot kangaroo isn't the
00:19:44best idea.
00:19:46The best you can do is slowly back away without startling it.
00:19:50Don't turn your back on it, you might get a surprise attack.
00:19:53If backing up doesn't help, let it know it's won this battle.
00:19:57Don't return any eye contact if you can.
00:19:59Cower yourself.
00:20:01You might have missed some warning signs while observing them from afar.
00:20:04The kangaroos weren't stomping their feet because they were excited to see you.
00:20:08They were telling you not to come any closer.
00:20:11When one of them hopped over to you, it stood high on its legs and flexed its muscles to
00:20:15show dominance.
00:20:17The biggest fail of all is that you pulled over while they were grazing peacefully.
00:20:21They thought of you as a threat and went into defensive mode.
00:20:24The mob has several joeys, or baby kangaroos, sticking their heads out of their mother's
00:20:29pouches.
00:20:30Female kangaroos have a pouch on their belly made of a fold of skin to house the babies.
00:20:36When they're first born, they're only the size of a grape, but then blossom to the giants
00:20:40that they are.
00:20:41Only after 10 months, joeys are old enough to move out of mom's pouch and hop on their
00:20:45own.
00:20:46So, you and Annie survive that confrontation for now.
00:20:50But what happens when you're face to face with a 40-foot kangaroo?
00:20:53I'm just kidding, we're keeping it real here.
00:20:56It would be super difficult to face off with a grizzly bear.
00:20:59The first thing you would need to know about grizzlies is that they're very cute when they're
00:21:02berry picking, or just scratching their backs on tree bark.
00:21:06But their dark side is scarier than a kangaroo's.
00:21:10You're having a little picnic with Annie, when suddenly, a grizzly bear approaches after
00:21:14smelling some yummy food.
00:21:16Don't panic, we'll freeze time here to give you a chance to think about what to do.
00:21:20In general, the best way to survive a grizzly attack is to avoid it altogether.
00:21:26Grizzlies are wanderers, always looking for the best spots to find some food.
00:21:30Their sense of smell is impeccable, so its nose led the bear right to your picnic.
00:21:35The bear is very close to you, no need to panic.
00:21:39You should show the bear that you're just a visitor on its territory.
00:21:42Back away slowly while speaking in a low and calm tone.
00:21:47It needs to know that you're submitting to it, as it's the dominant creature in this
00:21:51encounter.
00:21:52There's a lot of tension when you're face to face with a bear, so don't turn your back
00:21:56and make a break for it.
00:21:58That will only let the bear chase you down, and you won't win in that race.
00:22:01They're faster than humans and can swim and climb trees, so unless you sprout some wings
00:22:06and fly away, do not try to outrun a grizzly bear.
00:22:10Next, you should avoid eye contact.
00:22:12Just like the cute and cuddly kangaroos, bears take it very seriously and watch your every
00:22:17move.
00:22:18They also consider direct eye contact as a sign of aggression, as if you want to challenge
00:22:23them.
00:22:24Grizzlies also like to play a game of chicken.
00:22:27They wait to see your moves and can even fake a charge to see how you're going to react.
00:22:31Either way, you have to stand your ground.
00:22:34If the bear lowers its head and protrudes its neck towards you, then it knows that it
00:22:39wants to charge right at you.
00:22:41Since we froze time for now, we can't know for sure what its next move is going to be.
00:22:46Let's jump back into action to see what it'll do, because you'll have to plan your next
00:22:50move depending on the bear's move.
00:22:53And action!
00:22:54The grizzly bear isn't showing any signs of aggression so far.
00:22:58It's just curious about the setting.
00:23:00Remember your training.
00:23:01No eye contact.
00:23:03Ok, the bear is showing some signs of aggression now, which means it could potentially attack
00:23:07you.
00:23:08Stand your ground.
00:23:09It's getting closer.
00:23:11The best thing to do in this scenario is to completely submit to it by laying face down
00:23:15on the ground covering your head with your arms.
00:23:18Don't move.
00:23:19The bear might understand that you're submitting to it and walk away.
00:23:23Sometimes bears will stick around for a while before leaving you alone.
00:23:27Luckily, this bear only wanted the food from the picnic, so it grabs the sandwiches and
00:23:32runs away.
00:23:33You guys were lucky this time, but if the bear did attack you, you'd have to fight it
00:23:37off as much as you can.
00:23:39You can use any objects nearby to help you.
00:23:42It's best to aim for the most sensitive spots, like the bear's eyes and nose, with all your
00:23:46strength.
00:23:47What makes cougars stand out from other predators is that they're excellent stalkers.
00:23:53You're hiking in the forest, and you don't realize that you have an unwelcomed guest along
00:23:58with you.
00:23:59Cougars will stalk you if they think you're good to eat and can pounce from out of nowhere,
00:24:03and if it knows it's the right time.
00:24:06These giant cats generally don't attack people, but who knows what's on their mind.
00:24:12The rule of thumb when face to face with a cougar is pretty much the same as with other
00:24:17animals.
00:24:18Stand your ground and don't run.
00:24:21Running will only trigger the cat, as it will outrun you for sure.
00:24:25These cats are strong and have very quick reflexes.
00:24:29Their claws are powerful, and their bites are even worse.
00:24:33You don't want to be chased by one of these.
00:24:36Now that you're standing your ground, make yourself appear bigger than the cougar.
00:24:40That's right, raise your arms and puff out your chest.
00:24:44Always keep eye contact to try to assert dominance.
00:24:47You don't have to appear weaker or submissive to the cat, unlike when facing a grizzly or
00:24:52a kangaroo.
00:24:53On the contrary, you need to show that you're more powerful than it is.
00:24:58So don't cower down or break a sweat.
00:25:01It's watching your every move.
00:25:03The next steps really depend on the cougar.
00:25:06Let's resume, shall we?
00:25:07Okay, it's showing signs of aggressive behavior.
00:25:10It's a tough kitty, and it doesn't want to lose this game.
00:25:13If appearing tall doesn't do anything, then try waving your arms around and shout from
00:25:18the top of your lungs.
00:25:20If you can throw some rocks at it to scare it off, then it would be another plus for
00:25:24you.
00:25:25The kitty looks like it wants to attack.
00:25:27No matter what, stand your ground.
00:25:30After a while, the cougar submits and runs away.
00:25:33You won this encounter.
00:25:35Now just because you got away with this, doesn't mean you're good in the future.
00:25:39If the cougar did attack you, then your only option would be to fight back.
00:25:44Find some objects nearby to help you, and don't give up.
00:25:51You're flying over the Pacific Ocean, when suddenly a storm hits the plane, causing it
00:25:58to shake.
00:25:59The aircraft begins to descend, and you lose control.
00:26:03You quickly put on a parachute, eject yourself from the plane, and land on an island.
00:26:09It's a good thing you were the only one on the plane transporting some goods overseas.
00:26:14Luckily enough, the storm hasn't damaged your parachute.
00:26:18You unstrap yourself and head to the closest shelter under some palm trees.
00:26:23You're waiting for the storm to be over.
00:26:27The next day.
00:26:30The sun is shining, and the waves seem nice and friendly.
00:26:33You wake up and look around.
00:26:35Nothing but a large stretch of water encircling you from all directions.
00:26:40Not a boat, human, or another living being is around.
00:26:44You scout the island, trying to find anything.
00:26:47You don't even know what you're looking for.
00:26:49On one side of the small island, you see some scrap metal and remnants of the plane washed
00:26:55ashore.
00:26:56You rush over there and try to see if there's anything useful.
00:27:01Too bad everything is destroyed.
00:27:03However, one sealed box has made it.
00:27:06You open it and see dozens of duct tape rolls piled on top of each other.
00:27:13After going through the island, you head back to your camp, dragging the box of duct
00:27:17tape.
00:27:19You try to figure out what to do.
00:27:21Soon, you get a lightbulb moment!
00:27:25There are some places on the island that are hard to access, and since your shoes have
00:27:29been damaged, you fashion out some sandals.
00:27:33To do it, you grab some branches and try to use duct tape to make a new pair of shoes.
00:27:40After many failed attempts, you almost give up, but then you attach some duct tape to
00:27:46pieces of tree bark that are roughly the size of your foot.
00:27:50Those are going to be the soles of your new shoes.
00:27:53The duct tape is smooth and won't hurt your feet.
00:27:57After adding several branches, you wrap the duct tape around your feet, and voila!
00:28:03You have duct tape sandals.
00:28:05Now you can venture into the rocky parts of the island without damaging your feet.
00:28:11As you walk along the island, you start feeling the heat.
00:28:15You wrap your shirt around your head, but it's not enough to protect you.
00:28:19You use some duct tape to create a hat with the help of leaves.
00:28:24Then you place it on your head.
00:28:26You're now safe to go.
00:28:28After a while, you bring back some stuff you found around the island.
00:28:32By this time, you've started to feel that your tummy is rumbling.
00:28:36Next, at a rocky reef, you spot some large yummy crabs and fish, but you can't catch
00:28:43them with your bare hands.
00:28:46You grab a long branch, take some palm tree leaves, and tie everything together to make
00:28:51a net.
00:28:52You then use the duct tape to reinforce it and head to the reef.
00:28:57You're wearing your makeshift sandals and the hat to protect your head, and carrying
00:29:01the net to catch some fish.
00:29:04So far, you've only used two rolls of duct tape.
00:29:08After a while, you manage to catch some fish and crabs and take them back to the camp.
00:29:16You make a fire and start grilling your catch.
00:29:19You're sitting on a log, but such a seat isn't too comfortable.
00:29:24You take some duct tape and make a mat for yourself.
00:29:28Once the food is ready, you feast on it.
00:29:31Now another problem, water.
00:29:34There's no fresh water around, but a storm is coming.
00:29:38Meanwhile, you take some coconuts and eat dessert while drinking coconut milk to freshen
00:29:43up.
00:29:45You prepare a small hut by gathering branches and leaves and duct taping them together so
00:29:50that water can't seep into your new home.
00:29:55At the same time, you create a funnel out of duct tape to collect rainwater.
00:30:00After getting into the funnel, the water is collected in a makeshift pond, also made
00:30:05out of duct tape.
00:30:08At this point, you've used almost half of the duct tape rolls.
00:30:12The storm starts brewing and you stay inside your hut where you have your new floor mat.
00:30:18You're bored, so you create a chair and table out of duct tape to make the hut a little
00:30:23comfier.
00:30:25It starts raining, and you notice that some water has gathered in the reservoir you built.
00:30:30You immediately drink it, using a coconut shell as a glass.
00:30:34Your hut manages to withstand the storm, and you catch some Zs on your comfy mat.
00:30:41The next day, you check the duct tape supply and see that you are now halfway to finishing
00:30:46your last roll of tape.
00:30:49You've made a secured and solid hut and have a steady food supply from the reef.
00:30:55You've already spent five days on the island, so now it's time to find a way out.
00:31:01You've tried your best to seek help, but nothing.
00:31:05Not a plane or ship in sight.
00:31:08You're desperate to get out, and you're lucky!
00:31:11You spot a cargo ship very far off in the distance.
00:31:15You need to act quickly.
00:31:19After reviewing your box of duct tape, you decide to create a raft to sail away.
00:31:25You gather enough food and water for the journey and get to work.
00:31:31You start by collecting large logs for a base and setting them side by side.
00:31:37You have some rope made from tree bark and leaves to tie the logs together.
00:31:41It's big enough to fit you.
00:31:44You then get another set of logs and place them on top of the base and repeat the same
00:31:48process to create a second layer.
00:31:51This way, you minimize the risk of sinking.
00:31:55In the end, you duct tape all weak spots to reinforce your raft.
00:32:00You use some branches to create oars for rowing with paddles made out of duct tape.
00:32:06You see that you've used around 75% of your supply, including the tape you used to construct
00:32:12the hut and furniture.
00:32:14It's not as strong as fresh duct tape, but it still does the job.
00:32:20After the base and oars are finished, you create a small hut to shelter your food and
00:32:25supplies and protect them from waves.
00:32:28Also, you make a mast out of wood and use a piece of cloth as a sail.
00:32:34You put the raft on the water and begin rowing.
00:32:38So far so good.
00:32:39You open the sail and take a break from rowing.
00:32:42You turn around and take a look at the island that has been your home for the past five
00:32:46days.
00:32:47You're going on a dangerous journey, risking it all.
00:32:51But if you remain on the island for too long, then you definitely won't make it.
00:32:57It's been an hour already and the island is barely visible, but the ship is getting closer.
00:33:04You still have one more roll of duct tape to use in emergency situations.
00:33:08The waters are calm and you see dolphins swimming around.
00:33:12You snack on some fish and drink some water before noticing that the waves have gotten
00:33:17larger.
00:33:19You prepare your sail and duck for cover.
00:33:22It's a good thing your raft is sturdy.
00:33:25Large waves crash against it, knocking off some of your food and water.
00:33:29But the raft is still in one piece.
00:33:34As time passes, the sun begins to set and there's still no sign of life.
00:33:39You use the rest of the duct tape to repair the raft.
00:33:44Even though you lost some food during the storm, you have your net to catch more fish.
00:33:49You start a small and safe bonfire in a coconut shell, cook the fish and start eating.
00:33:56You turn around and spot a ship coming your way.
00:34:00You immediately grab a branch, light it, and start waving it for the ship to see you.
00:34:06It looks like it will miss you, but then someone on the ship notices you.
00:34:12They drop down an emergency boat to pick you up and rescue you.
00:34:16It's safe to say that duct tape has truly saved your life.
00:34:22Welcome back to Science and You.
00:34:26As you're walking in the wild, a snake appears from some dry bushes and bites you above your ankle.
00:34:32How rather unfortunate.
00:34:34Keep calm.
00:34:35You must keep your heart rate and blood pressure low to slow down the spread of the venom.
00:34:41Remove your shoes and socks.
00:34:43Now you must find out whether the bite came from a venomous or non-venomous snake.
00:34:48If you see two deep puncture wounds on your leg, they came from the venomous fellow's fangs.
00:34:54When a non-venomous serpent bites, you'll see small sharp teeth in a U-shape.
00:35:00There are around 600 venomous snake species and you should look out for vipers and cobras.
00:35:06Each has a different type of venom and needs different treatments.
00:35:10If a viper bites you, don't put pressure on your wound.
00:35:14Trapping the venom in one area could make the tissue damage worse.
00:35:19Then you must rush to the nearest hospital for treatment.
00:35:23If a cobra bites someone, you must tie the area with a bandage to stop the venom from
00:35:28going further into their system.
00:35:31Keep an eye on the fellow that was bitten to make sure they're breathing.
00:35:34Yes, cobra venom can paralyze the diaphragm.
00:35:39Don't suck out the venom.
00:35:41It travels so fast into someone's system, you'll achieve nothing.
00:35:45Take a good look at the snake, and if you can, snap a few photos of it to show the medical staff.
00:35:51Try to have good picture composition.
00:35:54Moving on from snakes to allergies.
00:35:57Most people respond to allergens with a runny nose or some sneezing, but others have far
00:36:02more complicated responses.
00:36:05An itchy rash may be a sign of an allergic reaction.
00:36:09It might look like dermatitis, and it can show up a week after your exposure to an allergen.
00:36:15There was a rare case a few years ago.
00:36:18Someone got braces for the first time, and after a week, they developed an itchy rash
00:36:23under their wristwatch and stomach.
00:36:26As it turned out, they were allergic to the nickel in braces.
00:36:30If you get blisters on your skin after sitting in the sun for 1-2 hours, it's probably not
00:36:36sunburn but an allergic reaction.
00:36:39You may also have some skin redness, tiny raised bumps, and scaling.
00:36:44When that happens, go to the emergency room fast.
00:36:47Experts will run tests and give you advice on how to continue from there.
00:36:53Sometimes different medications might cause it too, or fruits such as limes and parsnips
00:36:58can.
00:36:59If you're allergic to pollen, stay away from fruits and veggies.
00:37:03Some of them have proteins like the ones found in pollen, and your immune system responds
00:37:09to it as real pollen.
00:37:11They can trigger the same allergy symptoms such as itchiness, swelling of the mouth,
00:37:16face, and, well, you know the gist.
00:37:19You're trapped in a car during a winter storm.
00:37:22Outside it's freezing, and you begin to shiver.
00:37:26That's a good thing.
00:37:28When temperatures drop below a comfortable level, your body starts to shake.
00:37:33This action boosts your body's surface heat production by 500%.
00:37:38But shivering can only warm you up for so long.
00:37:42After a while, your muscles will run out of fuel, and they'll stop contracting.
00:37:47If someone suddenly stops shaking, and they grow tired and want to fall asleep, act fast.
00:37:54Bring them indoors, remove any wet clothes, rub their hands and feet, wrap them in blankets,
00:38:00and find warm, dry compresses to apply to their chest, neck, or lower tummy.
00:38:07Never put a warm compress on their arms or legs.
00:38:10The sudden heat will force cold blood back to the heart, brains, and lungs, causing the
00:38:16body's core temperature to drop.
00:38:19While you're driving down an empty road, you hear an emergency radio broadcast about the
00:38:25weather.
00:38:26A tornado watch in your area means that a tornado is likely to happen.
00:38:31But a tornado warning means a tornado has appeared on the radar or has been spotted
00:38:37in person.
00:38:38You should also be on the lookout for hail.
00:38:42It appears when updrafts within a thunderstorm push the rain into the thick clouds and it
00:38:47freezes.
00:38:48But when a tornado is approaching, hail can arrive without rain.
00:38:53Then, everything gets quiet, the air becomes still, and there's no wind.
00:38:59Suddenly you'll see the clouds moving quickly in a rotating pattern or toward the sky.
00:39:05You'll hear a loud waterfall sound that will turn into a roar as the tornado gets close.
00:39:11It'll be similar to the sound of trains and jets.
00:39:15Debris will begin to fall, and a funnel-shaped cloud will start to rotate, pulling branches
00:39:21and leaves upwards.
00:39:23If the tornado is not moving to either the left or the right, it might be coming toward
00:39:28you, and you won't realize it until it's too close.
00:39:34Just as you're chilling at home watching TV, you hear an eerie whooshing noise.
00:39:41It sounds like a soft gush of wind, but you confirm there's nothing there after checking
00:39:47all the doors.
00:39:48The next day, you feel pressure in your chest, and it gets worse as the week progresses.
00:39:55The chest pains follow with a dreaded feeling of exhaustion.
00:39:59You can't help but think there's something wrong with your body.
00:40:03But the problems are within your house.
00:40:06You might have carbon monoxide poisoning.
00:40:09When this gas fills your home, it builds up in your bloodstream, and it replaces the oxygen
00:40:14in your body.
00:40:16Poisoning can also cause headaches, nausea, and confusion.
00:40:21In those cases, run outside to get fresh air and call emergency service.
00:40:26Also, get a carbon monoxide detector and add it in the hallway or areas where you sleep.
00:40:33Check the batteries twice a year, and when the alarm goes off, step outside, and you
00:40:39know who to call.
00:40:41You go ice skating.
00:40:43The ice on the lake seems thicker than it was, and uh-oh, you hear a cracking snap,
00:40:50and you end up in the icy water.
00:40:52First, your body will go into shock because of the sudden change in temperature.
00:40:58Don't worry, it will pass after one to three minutes.
00:41:01Now, you must find a solid piece of ice and hold onto it.
00:41:06Don't try to climb it.
00:41:08Just put your arms on it, kick your legs, and push the piece forward.
00:41:13It will help you drag your body onto the ice.
00:41:16Once you're on an ice sheet, don't stand up.
00:41:20If you do, your body weight will concentrate on the smaller ice area, and it'll break again.
00:41:26Just keep rolling until you're further on the stable ground.
00:41:31What if you have to break the window of a hot car?
00:41:35Car windows have layers of materials that can resist force.
00:41:39Here's what you need to do.
00:41:41Avoid the back windows or the front windshield of the car.
00:41:45They're harder to break.
00:41:47Go for the passenger and driver's side windows.
00:41:50If you've got a hammer, don't hit the glass in the middle.
00:41:54Aim for the edges, where the glass breaks easily.
00:41:57Now, if the windows refuse to break with a hammer, screwdriver, or whatever you've got
00:42:03around, look for a small, pointy rock.
00:42:07If that doesn't work either, then your best bet is your car's spark plug.
00:42:12Unzip your hood, pull out the spark plug, break the porcelain casing, and throw the
00:42:17broken ceramic piece anywhere at the window.
00:42:21It's the middle of summer, and you're vacationing somewhere on the Pacific Rim.
00:42:26Suddenly, you feel a strong quake.
00:42:29Well, this could be the first warning sign of an approaching tsunami.
00:42:35Or it could trigger large waves thousands of miles across.
00:42:40There are other telltale signs that a tsunami is approaching.
00:42:45One is a change in water levels, either rising or falling.
00:42:50If you see the ocean withdrawing quickly and the seabed getting exposed, you should run
00:42:55at least 100 feet above sea level and one mile inland.
00:43:01Many experts say once the seawater starts receding, you've got five minutes to evacuate
00:43:07before the enormous wave hits.
00:43:09Remember, it's all about science and you.
00:43:15You're hiking the Point Reyes National Seashore, and you bump into a mountain lion.
00:43:19Stay calm.
00:43:20You need to show it that you're not scared.
00:43:22Shout loudly at the lion.
00:43:23Wave your arms.
00:43:24If that doesn't work, start throwing rocks, branches, or anything else you can get your
00:43:28hands on.
00:43:29Aim at the ground in front of the lion.
00:43:31Never throw anything directly at it.
00:43:33That will only make it angrier.
00:43:36If the lion is getting closer, protect your most vulnerable spots.
00:43:40It will aim for the neck and try to grab your arms, so tilt your head forward and protect
00:43:44your neck.
00:43:45And don't make sweeping arm movements.
00:43:47When the lion realizes that you're not an easy opponent, it will probably back off and
00:43:51run away.
00:43:53You're in Yellowstone.
00:43:54Here you have to come face to face with the grizzly bear.
00:43:57It's drinking water from a creek.
00:43:59A safe distance is 200 feet.
00:44:01The grizzly has spotted you.
00:44:03It stands on its hind legs and looks in your direction.
00:44:05Now it's about the height of an average basketball player and it weighs almost 800 pounds, so
00:44:10you don't stand a chance to win.
00:44:12You have to freeze in place.
00:44:13Grizzlies have poor eyesight, so it just might not see you, but then it starts walking in
00:44:18your direction.
00:44:19Don't turn your back to it and don't even try to run as fast as you can.
00:44:22It will chase you.
00:44:24You need to seem bigger than you really are.
00:44:26Wave your arms and spread your legs a little wider.
00:44:28Always talk and shout at the bear.
00:44:30It will understand that you're not a humble deer.
00:44:33Try to make a clanking sound of metal.
00:44:35If you have food with you, don't throw it at the bear.
00:44:37Just put it on the ground and keep backing away while facing the bear.
00:44:41If it starts running towards you, your only chance is to fall to the ground and freeze.
00:44:45Bears aren't scavengers, so if it thinks you're not alive, it'll just sniff you, shrug, and
00:44:50walk away.
00:44:52Now you go diving on the Florida coast.
00:44:54You have to protect yourself from the great white shark.
00:44:56Never wear shiny and blinging jewelry when swimming.
00:44:59It attracts sharks.
00:45:01And never swim at night.
00:45:03This is when they go out looking for food.
00:45:05Lots of splashing water can also attract this marine predator.
00:45:08But if the shark swims towards you anyway, the rule here is one.
00:45:12Do everything in your power to defeat it.
00:45:14Try to stay calm and swim to the shore.
00:45:16If the shark chooses you as food, there's only one thing that can scare it off.
00:45:20Try to punch the shark in the nose, eyes, or gills.
00:45:23Now you're in Africa.
00:45:24Here in the tall grass of the savanna, you see a lion.
00:45:27And worse, it sees you.
00:45:29All you need to do is maintain eye contact.
00:45:31Don't turn your back to the lion and don't run.
00:45:34This eight-foot predator, weighing like three adults, is running at you at the speed of a car on the highway.
00:45:39But then it stops abruptly and continues to stare at you.
00:45:42Lions often make fake charges to frighten their opponent.
00:45:45At this point, you have to appear much bigger than you really are.
00:45:48Spread your arms and make loud noises.
00:45:50Then the lion can make another fake charge.
00:45:52And if you keep standing still, the lion will realize you're a strong opponent and go the other way.
00:45:57The female lion is way more dangerous than the male one.
00:46:00If it's guarding the babies, it won't stop and you won't stand a chance.
00:46:04Your safari jeep takes you to the next location.
00:46:06You see elephants peacefully drinking water.
00:46:08These guys can be ten feet tall and weigh as much as two SUVs.
00:46:12They can even flip cars over with their powerful tusks.
00:46:15And now one of them sees you and wags its big ears.
00:46:18It's bluffing.
00:46:19With those ears, the elephant wants to appear bigger and scare you away.
00:46:23It's also scared and won't run at you all the way.
00:46:26You must let the elephant know you're not threatening it.
00:46:28Don't yell or wave your arms.
00:46:30Take slow steps back until you leave the elephant's personal space.
00:46:34If it runs at you with ears to its head, it's not bluffing.
00:46:37Climbing a tree isn't a good option right now.
00:46:39It might ram the tree and you'll fall down.
00:46:42It might even tilt the tree with its strong trunk.
00:46:44You need to run in a zigzag pattern.
00:46:47The elephant is heavy and it's hard for it to change directions quickly.
00:46:50So gradually, you'll start to pull away from it.
00:46:52But still remember that an elephant can run 25 miles per hour.
00:46:56So you'll unlikely escape from it.
00:46:58Now let's move on to the Nile River.
00:47:00It has the largest number of crocodiles in the world.
00:47:02If you're camping, take a distance of at least 160 feet from the shore.
00:47:06This way, the crocodile will not stumble upon your camp at night.
00:47:10Never take your eyes off the crocodile.
00:47:12It can take advantage of that moment and take you by surprise.
00:47:15Their top speed is only 10 miles per hour.
00:47:18But they can make charges at 40 feet per second from the water.
00:47:21So the only chance to survive is to stay out of the water.
00:47:25If not, the crocodile's weak points are the eyes, the tip of the nose, and the membrane in the throat.
00:47:30This membrane prevents water from entering the crocodile's throat.
00:47:33When running away from a crocodile, be careful not to bump into a hippopotamus.
00:47:37This is one of the most dangerous animals in the world.
00:47:40They can be the size of a business class car and weigh as much as a big elephant.
00:47:44And they can run as fast as horses.
00:47:46So they're sure to outrun you in a sprint.
00:47:49The main thing is to not frighten it.
00:47:51If you're standing far away, get its attention with a loud sound.
00:47:54Usually they will try to get away from you.
00:47:56Use this moment to back away too.
00:47:59But if you see a hippo yawning, it's a sign that you're violating its comfort zone.
00:48:03They can open their mouth at 180 degrees and have the bite force of a crocodile.
00:48:08So you can't beat it and have to run.
00:48:10The best option is to climb a tree or some kind of slope.
00:48:13Hippos have a hard time climbing high places.
00:48:16If you manage to escape, you'd be one of the few people who survived a face-to-face encounter with a hippo.
00:48:21There's also buffaloes living here in the savannah.
00:48:24They can be as tall as an adult and weigh a whole ton.
00:48:27And unlike lions and elephants, they don't make a fake charge.
00:48:30If you see this machine running at you, it definitely has evil intentions.
00:48:34Their powerful horns and skull can bend sheets of metal.
00:48:37They can turn a new car into a pile of scrap metal.
00:48:40You can never outrun a buffalo.
00:48:42So your only option is to find the nearest tree and run to it before the buffalo even starts its charge.
00:48:47If you run into a snake, you need to freeze in place.
00:48:50There are endless species of snakes and you don't know if your opponent is venomous or not.
00:48:55So you definitely need to avoid getting bitten.
00:48:57Make smooth and slow backward movements.
00:49:00If the snake is following you, stop and start stomping your feet.
00:49:03The strong vibrations of the ground should scare it away.
00:49:06If the snake bit you anyway, try to remember exactly what it looked like.
00:49:10Better yet, take a picture of it.
00:49:12To neutralize the venom, you need to take an antidote to the specific venom of that species of snake.
00:49:17You're on your way to Northeast Asia.
00:49:19As you're going through the dense jungle, you see a clearing.
00:49:22Several wild boars are peacefully grazing there.
00:49:25One of them is a female with several children.
00:49:27It'll do anything to protect them, so it's especially aggressive now.
00:49:31Oops, it spotted you.
00:49:32Get ready to defend yourself.
00:49:34If the wild boar is making high-pitched, piercing cries, it's going to strike you.
00:49:38The first thing you need to do is to stay calm and stand still.
00:49:41You have a good chance that the boar will go on its way.
00:49:44But you see it starting to run, and now you have several options.
00:49:47A. You can run away.
00:49:49B. You can face the blow.
00:49:51And C. Climb the nearest tree.
00:49:55The first option is wrong.
00:49:56Wild boars can run almost as fast as Usain Bolt.
00:49:59And when it catches up to you, its sharp tusks won't leave you a chance.
00:50:03Option B. Stay where you are.
00:50:05Wrong.
00:50:06A wild boar can weigh as much as a motorcycle and be almost as long as an adult.
00:50:10A hit at 25 mph will just knock you down.
00:50:13So the correct option is to climb the nearest tree.
00:50:16If there's no trees, then climb a car or a tall rock.
00:50:19You have to be in a higher position than the boar.
00:50:22When it realizes it can't reach you, it'll leave you alone.
00:50:25The most important thing is to stay away from wild boars.
00:50:28Never try to feed them or provoke them.
00:50:31Now, if you're falling from a great height,
00:50:34try to copy a skydiver's position.
00:50:37Your head and chest should face down.
00:50:39Spread your arms and legs and bend them at a 90-degree angle.
00:50:43If possible, choose a place to land.
00:50:46Bushes or haystacks can cushion your fall.
00:50:49Water surface is only safe if you fall from a height of no more than 150 feet.
00:50:54Before landing, try to position your body vertically.
00:50:57Remember that it's always better to fall forward than backward.
00:51:01Protect your head and neck with your arms locked together.
00:51:04Actually, none of this will save you.
00:51:06But it will give you something to do before they name the crater after you.
00:51:10Now, if you're plummeting from a cliff,
00:51:13do your best to break your fall down into several parts.
00:51:17The shorter they are, the better.
00:51:19Each of these parts will absorb some impact of the fall.
00:51:22This way you'll have much higher chances of surviving.
00:51:25Try to grab onto a sturdy object like a bush or a rock on your way to the bottom.
00:51:30It'll slow you down.
00:51:32If you see a piece of wood or a plank, snatch it too.
00:51:35It might help to soften your fall when you hit the ground.
00:51:38Most importantly, don't hold your body stiff.
00:51:41This is likely to harm your internal organs.
00:51:44Cover your head and try to land on your feet with your knees slightly bent.
00:51:49In fact, once you hit, everything about you will be slightly bent.
00:51:53But hey, you gotta try.
00:51:55If a building you're in collapsed and you ended up under a pile of debris and rubble,
00:52:00try to keep your panic at bay.
00:52:02Yeah.
00:52:03Your main task now is to protect your breathing organs
00:52:06and make your air supply last as long as possible.
00:52:10If there's enough space, take off your shirt or T-shirt and tie its bottom in a knot.
00:52:15Then put it back on your head through the neck hole so that the knot is on top of your head.
00:52:20You'll get a makeshift hood that will protect your face from dust, sand, and debris.
00:52:25It will also provide you with a bit of oxygen while you're trying to get back to the surface.
00:52:30If you're stuck in a falling elevator,
00:52:32lie down on your back and try to occupy as much space as possible.
00:52:36Your body fat and muscles are compressible.
00:52:39They'll absorb some of the impact force.
00:52:41If you can't lie down, sit on the floor.
00:52:44It's still better than standing.
00:52:46Your backside will act like an airbag in a car.
00:52:49But whatever position you choose, cover your head.
00:52:52The best way to do it is to put one arm in front of your face and the other on the back of your neck.
00:52:58If you get stuck in the wilderness, first of all, find some water.
00:53:02Check low-lying areas.
00:53:04If there are mountains, look for water at the foot of the cliffs.
00:53:07If you manage to find some rainwater, don't let it stay in the container too long.
00:53:12It may go bad.
00:53:14Pay attention to ants climbing trees.
00:53:16They're likely to be traveling toward a source of moisture inside a tree.
00:53:21A bottle of water can help you start a fire if you keep it under direct sunlight long enough.
00:53:26The bottle will act as a lens, gathering all the heat in one spot.
00:53:30Use fire and smoke to signal for help.
00:53:33Cover the flames with a big branch or with a pan for 3-4 seconds.
00:53:37This will gather enough smoke.
00:53:39Then let this puff of smoke go.
00:53:42Now, if you've fallen through the ice, try to get back to its edge.
00:53:46Don't pull yourself out by grabbing it.
00:53:48The edge will keep breaking, and this will wear you down in no time.
00:53:52Kick your legs until your body is positioned horizontally in the water.
00:53:56After that, get out of the water and on to the ice.
00:54:00Once you've made it there, don't stand up.
00:54:02Your weight should be distributed over a larger area.
00:54:05Then the ice will be less likely to break.
00:54:08Start rolling toward the shore like seals do.
00:54:11If you have a muscle cramp while swimming, try to turn on your back and float this way.
00:54:16Massage the bottom of your foot or the part of your leg that feels tight.
00:54:20If you have a cramp in the back of your leg, bend it at the knee and pull it toward your chest.
00:54:26You should be still floating on your back.
00:54:28Try to relieve the cramp by pulling your toes inward.
00:54:32If you get caught in an indoor fire, stay low and crawl toward the nearest exit.
00:54:38The smoke usually rises toward the ceiling.
00:54:40That's why crouching might keep you from inhaling it.
00:54:43If you have a piece of cloth or a handkerchief, put it against your mouth.
00:54:47It'll act like a filter against the smoke.
00:54:50Fall to the ground and roll back and forth if your clothes have caught fire.
00:54:54If you do have a fire extinguisher, aim it at the base of the flames.
00:54:58It's much more effective.
00:55:00And keep in mind that if you break a window, you'll let in more oxygen, and this will feed the fire.
00:55:06And here's what you should do to stay safe during a natural disaster.
00:55:10If you see the area getting flooded while you're outside, run away from any streams, storm drains, or rivers.
00:55:16Try to get to higher ground.
00:55:18If you're stuck at home, move to the roof if you think it's safe enough.
00:55:22If a tornado is moving toward you and you don't have time to escape, find a ditch or some low place.
00:55:28Lie down and cover your head with your hands or clothes.
00:55:32If a tornado happens while you're inside and there's no basement in your house, hide in a bathtub.
00:55:38Use a pillow to protect your head from any kind of debris that may fall down.
00:55:42The plumbing in the bathroom walls adds structural strength to the place.
00:55:46But if your bathroom has windows or an exterior-facing wall, pick a more secure place, for example, a closet.
00:55:54The more walls separate you from the tornado, the better.
00:55:58If you're outside during a storm and you suddenly feel your hair stand on end, it's your cue lightning is about to strike.
00:56:05Your skin might start tingling, and you're likely to hear some clicking or buzzing sounds.
00:56:10Immediately crouch down and place your head between your knees.
00:56:14But even though you should be as low as possible, do not lie down.
00:56:19The only thing touching the ground should be the balls of your feet.
00:56:22Keep your heels together.
00:56:24This way, instead of running through your entire body, electricity is likely to go in one foot and out the other.
00:56:31You can also cover your ears with your hands to prevent hearing loss.
00:56:35If you're lost in the desert, travel during the early morning hours.
00:56:39This way, you'll be able to avoid most of the heat.
00:56:42If you see a hill or some other high ground, climb it and look around.
00:56:47You might spot some greenery, buildings, or a road.
00:56:50You won't have such an opportunity at night.
00:56:53Desert animals also hunt after the sunset.
00:56:57And here's how you should act around wild animals.
00:57:00If a bull is charging at you, stand still until it comes close.
00:57:04Then throw a piece of clothing in the opposite direction.
00:57:07Bulls react to movements, and throwing a hat or a shirt away from you will distract the animal.
00:57:13It'll chase the moving object.
00:57:15If a shark is moving towards you, don't swim away in panic.
00:57:19You'll look like something the animal will want to eat.
00:57:22Wait until the shark gets closer and start hitting it with your fists.
00:57:26Aim at its eyes, nose, and gills.
00:57:29These are the only vulnerable areas on the animal's body.
00:57:32If you meet a pack of unfriendly dogs, distract them and move away quietly.
00:57:37If one of the dogs still lunges at you, place some object between yourself and the animal's jaws.
00:57:43Now let's say you've accidentally disturbed a swarm of bees.
00:57:47And now they are coming after you.
00:57:50Run in a straight line as fast as possible until they stop chasing you.
00:57:54An even better alternative is to find some shelter.
00:57:57It can be your car, a house, or even a public bathroom, and hide inside.
00:58:03Now if you accidentally meet a bear, introduce yourself.
00:58:06No, wait. Actually, everything will depend on what species it is.
00:58:11If it's a larger brown bear, fall down and pretend you've passed away.
00:58:15Shouldn't be hard.
00:58:17But if it's a smaller black bear, which rarely attacks people, shouting and making yourself look bigger may help.
00:58:24You may also try to scare the bear away by pretending to lunge at it.
00:58:28If you encounter a snake, try to be as quiet as possible.
00:58:32If there's an opportunity to walk away, go for it.
00:58:36But if you can't avoid the reptile, raising your voice, banging two sticks together, or stomping your feet might make it retreat.
00:58:44Even though snakes don't have visible ears, they're sensitive to vibrations.
00:58:48And if all of these things happen to you on the same day, call the Guinness people.
00:58:53I think you've set some records.
00:58:55Ready for this? You will not be able to leave the confines of a bath of any type for an entire month.
00:59:02And you'll be provided with food and drink that your friends will take turns to deliver.
00:59:07You'll be able to constantly adjust the water temperature whenever you like so that the water won't get too cold.
00:59:13You're getting excited, and you're confident that you'll earn quite a bundle of cash, equating to several hundred dollars, when you last the entire month.
00:59:22It's the bet you made with your friends only a short time ago from within your simple fishing village where you were sitting with your friends at a bar.
00:59:29Little did you know that it would lead to this from a simple conversation.
00:59:33You had been discussing the evolution of mankind, and the conversation mainly focused on the potential that humans could have moved towards evolving to water-based mammals, potentially becoming merpeople.
00:59:45The facts are all in evolution, you tried stating to your friends.
00:59:49Your friends weren't convinced, even with your example regarding getting wrinkly fingers from being in the water for too long,
00:59:55an evolutionary trait we humans adapted to ensure we have grip whilst fishing with our hands in water.
01:00:01Of course, your friends don't see how this could relate to the possible evolution towards becoming a merperson.
01:00:08You felt the need to prove them all wrong.
01:00:10As your friends sat around enjoying themselves, moving on from the conversation of aquatic evolution, you thought hard.
01:00:17How can I prove them wrong?
01:00:19Then it came to you.
01:00:21You stood up, finger pointing to the sky, and said,
01:00:24I bet I can stay in a bathtub for an entire month.
01:00:28And here you are now, following the arrangements you seem to have doubts about.
01:00:33Knowing about particular human evolution reignites confidence and understanding in you that there have been some instances in human history where people have adapted naturally to live with their sea-based lives.
01:00:45So this feels like a safe bet.
01:00:47For example, the sea nomads in Southeast Asia have been fishing for 1000 years in their unique way.
01:00:55Diving deep into the water to catch their fish armed with just a spear, these sea nomads have adapted to grow larger over the centuries.
01:01:03It allowed more oxygen cells to be pumped through vital organs and more oxygen to be stored for their deep water dives.
01:01:10This understanding gives you confidence as you await the first day of the bet.
01:01:14During the first few hours, you seem fine.
01:01:17In fact, you find it to be easy and joke throughout the first day, bragging how this will be the easiest money you'd win and what you plan to buy with it all.
01:01:26You sleep well through the first night, but little do you know that your skin absorbs the water in the bathtub as you sleep.
01:01:34With each passing hour, more water enters your skin.
01:01:38Between the two layers, water bubbles form, creating visible lumps on the outer layer of your skin.
01:01:45As you awake the following day, you're slightly alarmed to see the transformation of your skin.
01:01:51You look over your hands. They are all white, with the skin crumbling away, and your arms are covered with large lumps of liquid.
01:01:58It's not a pretty sight.
01:02:01You hear someone coming into the bathroom, and you try to calm yourself down.
01:02:05It's only the first day, after all.
01:02:07You just need to toughen up. You need to win this bet, not only for the money, but also for argument's sake.
01:02:13Your friend enters the bathroom with a tray of food, and your friend's facial expression soon turns pale as they see the lumps on your arms.
01:02:20Concerned, they ask if you're okay, and surprisingly, you do feel just fine, and respond that you're just a bit itchy.
01:02:28You're pretty curious how there's no pain, given the sight of your arms.
01:02:32Without thinking, you begin to scratch the large bubbles on your arms.
01:02:36You continue to rub your arm to see the skin's reaction.
01:02:40You now have a freeing feeling, as your arms are exposed, as though you have removed unnecessary weight.
01:02:46You find yourself with a new layer of scales in place of skin.
01:02:51Your friend requests that the bet must end, given the sudden change to your appearance.
01:02:56You argue that you're okay, and that you want to continue.
01:02:59There's just too much at stake, and you want to win this bet desperately.
01:03:03As your friend accepts this and leaves, you request an upgrade to a jacuzzi.
01:03:08You're soon upgraded to the jacuzzi, and by now, not only do your friends come to visit you,
01:03:13but members of the village visit curiously, as events like this don't stay secret long in such a small, simple village.
01:03:20As days go by, more scales appear in place of your skin, covering your legs, arms, and your lower back.
01:03:27Your skin is still visible throughout most of your body, but the scales are spreading quickly, similar to a rash.
01:03:34It doesn't take long before you get tired of the jacuzzi,
01:03:37and your friends are happy to support an upgrade to the village's swimming pool, next to the seaside.
01:03:42You're now in the final week of the bet, and by now, the entire village knows about you, the Merman.
01:03:49What you find to be incredible, though, is that as the people visit you in the pool, there's no fear or judgment.
01:03:56The people are just overjoyed and intrigued at the spectacle of it all.
01:04:00The pool is large, but it isn't heated.
01:04:03A teenager asks you whether you're warm enough, but you don't notice the cold at all, and feel pretty comfortable.
01:04:09Your diet has now changed significantly. You prefer primarily fish.
01:04:15Webbing has grown between your fingers and toes, and small slits on both sides of your ribs have opened,
01:04:21forming gills to allow you to breathe underwater.
01:04:24As you continue to evolve, you keep trying to reassure yourself that it's just a little longer,
01:04:29and that winning this bet was all that mattered.
01:04:32You think back to almost a month ago, when you and your friends placed down your bets, thinking of the cash.
01:04:37Oh, several hundred dollars. It'll all be worth it soon.
01:04:41And besides, you could always devolve back to normal. This will only be temporary, surely.
01:04:48The final day of the bet finally arrives. A great party has been arranged to celebrate your victory.
01:04:53The entire village attends the celebration. There's a band, and a great feast for all to eat.
01:04:59You enjoy yourself with the villagers, preferring to stay in the pool, of course.
01:05:03Teenagers throw fish to you, and you catch the fish in your mouth, laughing at your own expense.
01:05:08You jump into the air, performing tricks to the villagers, who applaud with every trick.
01:05:13As the party goes on, you slowly break away from the celebration, watching on by yourself in your pool.
01:05:20You feel yourself growing tired of the festivities and the attention.
01:05:24You look on as the villagers laugh and party. You think you're somewhat out of place swimming alone within this simple village.
01:05:31You feel a sudden urge to leave, and you no longer care about the celebration.
01:05:36You have no interest in the money from the bet. You're not bothered that you proved everyone wrong.
01:05:41You only feel the desire to be free.
01:05:44You swim to the edge of the pool. It's dark, so no one can see your attempt to escape.
01:05:50As you pull yourself out, the weight of your body out of the water is so heavy,
01:05:54and your legs and arms are so weak that you collapse and have to crawl very slowly towards the beach.
01:06:01Eventually, you make it to the edge of the shallows, and you collapse as you make it to the water, out of breath.
01:06:07The small saltwater waves you feel splashing on your face reinvigorate you after your exhausting journey.
01:06:14Once you've gathered enough energy, you begin to swim towards deeper water.
01:06:18And like a fish to water, you swim with ease.
01:06:21The feeling you have now, swimming in the sea, is like you had been in a cage all of your life.
01:06:26Now you're finally free. The exhilarating feeling of the water with unlimited space seems like heaven to you.
01:06:33As you swim further into the sea, you stop suddenly to look back at the village for just a moment.
01:06:39You pause and watch the town that was once all you knew.
01:06:43And you listen to the muffled sounds in the distance, reflecting on the life you had within the village.
01:06:48You feel no emotions as you look back, with no regrets or remorse.
01:06:53And then you dive underwater, ready to begin your new life under the sea.
01:07:00Going to the beach in winter seems like a good plan.
01:07:03You can have a bonfire, build a sandcastle, search for shells, or swim in the ocean.
01:07:09The vibe might make you overlook the dangers ahead of you.
01:07:13Do you really think through the potential risks of paying a visit to the beach in the winter?
01:07:19The number one risk is waves.
01:07:22You might think it's okay to admire the view on the beach a few steps back from the ocean.
01:07:26Now let me introduce you to sneakers.
01:07:29Not the chocolate bar, sneaker, or with another name, sleeper waves.
01:07:33These are oversized coastal waves.
01:07:37They catch people off guard because they occur without warning or trace.
01:07:41These waves are particularly seen in Oregon, United States.
01:07:45People have been injured and at least 17 people have been swept up into the ocean since 2000.
01:07:51It got more media attention in 2011 when a memorial statue was built honoring the two teens faced with sneaker waves in Oregon.
01:08:00So, how come these waves are so dangerous?
01:08:04It's about their nature.
01:08:06They come out of the blue.
01:08:08With big waves, you see them coming or growing big.
01:08:11Plus, they form in the ocean and come towards the beach.
01:08:14These waves appear near the shore.
01:08:17It leaves less time for you to run to a safer spot.
01:08:20Okay, most of the time, they're not huge, as would be seen in apocalyptic movies.
01:08:25Yet, you can never know what nature holds.
01:08:29Maybe you remember this example from Mavericks.
01:08:32In 2010, a crowd was watching the surfing competition.
01:08:35Suddenly, two large waves struck the people on the beach.
01:08:39It broke the seawall and injured more than 10 people.
01:08:43Sneaker waves don't look particularly larger than other waves until they break and quickly reach the beach.
01:08:49They form in a period of 10 to 20 minutes in between soft and regular-sized waves.
01:08:55They can surge more than 150 feet beyond the foam line.
01:09:00Then, they reach the land with high power.
01:09:03Plus, they carry lots of sand and gravel with them.
01:09:07Sleeper waves are more commonly seen along steep coastlines
01:09:11compared to beaches with wider and softly sloped areas.
01:09:15People named these waves, not scientists.
01:09:18They observed what waves do.
01:09:20They washed up in a sneaky way.
01:09:22I mean, scientists didn't classify this phenomenon as a distinct sort of wave
01:09:26like they did with tsunamis or rogue waves.
01:09:29There's little scientific research made about them.
01:09:32Researchers say that sneaker waves form in offshore storms.
01:09:36These storms transfer the wind energy to the water's surface.
01:09:40The waves carry this energy and then arrive at the beach during times of calm weather.
01:09:46The larger amount of energy they obtain compared to the regular waves that preceded them
01:09:51causes them to go higher up the coast.
01:09:54Imagine you go for a walk on the beach with your dog.
01:09:57The waves gently reach the beach.
01:09:59You play the throw and catch game.
01:10:02You don't know about sneaky waves, so you turn into an unwary beachgoer.
01:10:06What's the risk?
01:10:08Being washed into the water trapped against rocks.
01:10:11Since it's winter, you tend to wear heavier clothes.
01:10:14The sand that sneaker waves carry can quickly fill clothing and shoes,
01:10:18and that weighs you down.
01:10:20How can people enjoy the beach safely?
01:10:24First off, keep your distance if you're on the beach for storm watching, for instance.
01:10:28It might be mesmerizing to see how waves roll in over miles of ocean.
01:10:33The storms hit the shore, and you look at those extreme turbulent swells
01:10:37transform into strong 30-foot long waves.
01:10:41Finding a higher spot that sees the ocean and waves might be best.
01:10:45Be the eagle, not the crab.
01:10:48Did Confucius say that?
01:10:50The second tip is if you're determined to storm watch,
01:10:53never turn your back to the ocean.
01:10:55Yes, eyes on the water.
01:10:58Lastly, be mindful of which part of the beach you're walking on.
01:11:01Stay away from the logs because they hold water.
01:11:05The water increases their weight.
01:11:07In the worst case scenario, the ocean is powerful enough to roll the logs onto you.
01:11:14Let's assume you're hiking near the ocean.
01:11:16Use the designated trails because park authorities determine them as the safest roads possible.
01:11:22Going off route can sound charming,
01:11:25but it can be dangerous for you and harmful to the ecosystem in the surrounding area.
01:11:29Now that you know where to walk,
01:11:32you can keep your eyes open about the geological stuff.
01:11:35Like the rocks can be slippery.
01:11:37Erosion can rip them off.
01:11:39Yeah, it's better to avoid walking near bases of cliffs and bluffs.
01:11:44You'll never know when a natural phenomenon will occur.
01:11:47It might sound a little extreme,
01:11:49but you may want to check the tsunami evacuation routes of the area you're visiting.
01:11:54Tsunamis are hard to predict, but tides aren't.
01:11:58Tide tables are available online.
01:12:01This natural phenomenon looks harmless,
01:12:03yet it can isolate rocks from headlands and the shore.
01:12:07You probably don't want to find yourself with soaked wet clothes in the ocean for no reason.
01:12:13Climbing up onto the logs might not be the best idea either.
01:12:17Sure, they look heavy and sturdy when you're climbing,
01:12:20but even the smallest wave can take you like a leaf flying in the air.
01:12:24Not just logs, but also jetties are tricky.
01:12:28Sudden waves can make you lose your balance,
01:12:31and you can collapse.
01:12:33Let's return to the scenario where you and your dog are walking on the beach.
01:12:37This time your pet sees shorebirds and chases them.
01:12:41Birds could be there for foraging or roosting.
01:12:44Your dog could interrupt their chill zone.
01:12:46They can lose their energy reserves.
01:12:49Can you bump into creatures hiding under the sand?
01:12:52Some sorts of creatures can be dangerous for you.
01:12:55Better not to poke someone's home.
01:12:57Take a look at this one.
01:12:59It's a horseshoe crab.
01:13:00This one looks scary, yeah,
01:13:02but it's safe as long as you don't step on its spines.
01:13:05So, it depends on the type of creature you see,
01:13:08but generally, it's okay to explore the sand with caution.
01:13:12Until now, we look at scenarios where you were on the beach
01:13:16when they caught up to sneaker waves.
01:13:18You could be in the water too.
01:13:20You could be surfing, just like the contestant in the Mavericks surf competition,
01:13:24or swimming, if swimming is the new case.
01:13:27Consider these.
01:13:29The temperature is lower, the waves are crazier,
01:13:32and there are probably no lifeguards there watching you in the winter.
01:13:37Swimming with friends is a safe option.
01:13:39Bonus, it's more fun.
01:13:42You should choose your swimming location carefully.
01:13:45Are there dangerous rocky areas?
01:13:47Can you easily go out if there's some sort of emergency?
01:13:50Know your spot.
01:13:52For that, you should check the weather too.
01:13:55Planning has a key role in winter water safety.
01:13:58A quick weather forecast and sea conditions check would do.
01:14:03You can consider buying a tow float if you're an adventurous open water swimmer.
01:14:07It's a flotation device designed to increase the swimmer's visibility in the water.
01:14:12They are lightweight and have fluorescent colors.
01:14:15Alternatively, you can wear a brightly colored swimming cap.
01:14:19We can talk more about the gear.
01:14:22Wearing a wetsuit is wise, as well as wetsuit gloves and boots.
01:14:26You can put your phone in a waterproof pouch or bag.
01:14:30Staying warm is essential in the winter.
01:14:32Don't just jump into the water at once.
01:14:35This can result in cold water shock.
01:14:38It's vital to enter the water slowly.
01:14:40In that way, your body can get used to the temperature.
01:14:44Once you take all the necessary precautions,
01:14:47you can enjoy the beach and explore its offers.
01:14:50What sort of gems can you find on the beach?
01:14:53A mermaid's purse? Maybe.
01:14:55No, it's not the purse of Ariel from Disney's Little Mermaid.
01:14:58That's actually an egg case belonging to sharks and rays.
01:15:02It's made out of keratin, kind of similar to your hair and fingernails.
01:15:07These purses are the place where the embryo grows.
01:15:10The egg hatches and the cases are carried away with the water to the beach.
01:15:15If you want to find one, you can look at the area near the seaweed.
01:15:19Have fun while searching for it!
01:15:21Now, I'm ending this video with a quick joke that's suitable for the cold weather of winter.
01:15:26What did the ocean say to the beach?
01:15:29Nothing, it just waved.
01:15:33You're up to your neck in cold water.
01:15:35There's ice all around you. You've got to get out!
01:15:38When you're swimming in freezing cold water, your body can get a bit of a shock.
01:15:43Your reflexes might make you want to gasp, but don't.
01:15:46Just do your best to keep your head above water.
01:15:49Throw off any heavy objects like boots, jackets or backpacks.
01:15:53When you reach some ice, don't just try and jump out.
01:15:56It's not exactly a swimming pool.
01:15:58Try to get into a horizontal position and use your strong legs to swim onto the ice.
01:16:03Use your hands to pull you out.
01:16:05Once you're on the surface, roll away from the edge, then crawl, then walk.
01:16:13If you're venturing into the wild, you may want to get some stuff ready beforehand.
01:16:17Make your own fire starter at home.
01:16:19Heat up some water in a pan.
01:16:21Put a Pyrex container in there and melt some paraffin wax inside it.
01:16:25Then take an egg carton and put some dryer lint in each section.
01:16:29Fill them with paraffin.
01:16:31Wait till it's all solid and cut out each little section.
01:16:35Just one of these little guys will make starting a fire way easier.
01:16:41Dental floss can be super handy for surviving in the wild.
01:16:44You can use it as fishing line with a canned tab as a hook.
01:16:48Or you can use it as a clothesline.
01:16:50Just stretch it between two trees.
01:16:52It looks kind of flimsy, but a single strand can hold up to five pounds.
01:16:56It's also quite flammable, so if you're having trouble starting a fire,
01:17:00you can use a few feet of floss to start it up.
01:17:04You can make a seriously strong rope using a simple plastic bottle,
01:17:08if you have a good pair of scissors.
01:17:10Cut off the neck of the bottle so it looks like a tall and narrow cup.
01:17:14Then start cutting it like some people peel an orange.
01:17:17Round and round in a spiral.
01:17:19Try to keep it the same thickness the whole time.
01:17:22It'll be a lot longer and stronger than you're expecting.
01:17:25You can use it to tie sticks together to make a hut.
01:17:29Or you can wrap it around your backpack in case it rips or something.
01:17:35Sugar might be damaging for your teeth, but it's got a pretty sweet superpower.
01:17:40Just pour some on a piece of cloth and use it like a band-aid.
01:17:44Oh, delicious!
01:17:46Mosquitoes can be a real pain, and there are loads of them around.
01:17:50You can make your own DIY repellent to keep those little guys away.
01:17:54All you need is an orange, a lemon, or any other citrus fruit.
01:17:58They're full of essential oils that mosquitoes can't stand.
01:18:03Peel an orange and rub the peel directly on your skin.
01:18:06Just make sure to crumple it a bit beforehand to help those precious essential oils come out.
01:18:11Another good way to keep the mosquitoes at bay is to add a bit of orange peel to your campfire.
01:18:16That releases the essential oils into the air.
01:18:21You're getting hungry, but you don't have anything to start a fire with.
01:18:25Empty your pockets.
01:18:27There might be something in there that you can use as a makeshift fire starter.
01:18:30If you have a battery and a metal chewing gum wrapper, you're in business.
01:18:35Cut a thin strip of the wrapper long enough to connect the two.
01:18:39The middle of the strip should be thinner than the ends.
01:18:42Grab some dry grass, twigs, or even some paper.
01:18:45Whatever you're going to use to start your fire.
01:18:48The foil strip should ignite right away, so make sure you're ready.
01:18:53A human can go surprisingly long without food, but not water.
01:18:57Depends where you are, but a lot of the time, it might not be safe to drink.
01:19:03You can make a DIY water filter.
01:19:06You can make a DIY water filter.
01:19:09Start with a fire.
01:19:11Boiling the water may not be enough, so as soon as those ashes are cool, grind them into a powder.
01:19:17Don't just use any ash you randomly found in the forest.
01:19:20It might have some melted plastic on it or something.
01:19:23Then, you need a plastic bottle.
01:19:26Cut off the bottom and poke a small hole in the cap.
01:19:29Turn it upside down.
01:19:31Put about 3 inches of charcoal in and pour the boiled water in nice and slowly.
01:19:36The drips are ready to drink.
01:19:38If you're getting bits of ash in the water, wrap a piece of clean cloth around the cap for some extra filtration.
01:19:45A char cloth can come in handy if you're lost in the wild.
01:19:48To make it, you're going to need a metal container with a cover.
01:19:52Put a piece of cloth inside it and put the container into a fire for a few minutes.
01:19:57The cloth should end up getting a bit black around the edges, but still be intact.
01:20:01A char cloth catches fire super fast, even with an old-school flint.
01:20:08If you're ever hiking in an anaconda's backyard, listen up.
01:20:12Stay away from shallow rivers because these giant snakes love to hang out there.
01:20:17If an anaconda decides to give you a little squeeze, don't exhale.
01:20:21Every time you do, the snake's going to squeeze you a little bit tighter.
01:20:25Anacondas do have a weak spot, though.
01:20:28They don't like their tail to be bitten.
01:20:31It's not exactly delicious, but it'll get the job done.
01:20:40Avalanches are pretty powerful, so remember these tips next time you're out on the slopes if things get a bit hairy.
01:20:47First off, cover your mouth, use a scarf or some other piece of cloth, and don't let the snow in.
01:20:53Keep one arm straight above your head, and don't forget to dig out a little pocket in front of your face.
01:20:58That'll let you breathe for about a half hour.
01:21:01Get rid of anything heavy you're carrying, even if it's expensive.
01:21:05But make sure you hold onto your backpack.
01:21:08It's an extra layer of protection.
01:21:10And grab onto a tree if you see any.
01:21:13To get back to the surface, move like you're swimming straight up.
01:21:17Snow's just water anyway.
01:21:20If you ever somehow get trapped in a sinking car, don't panic, and don't try to open the door.
01:21:28The water pressure from the outside will be too strong.
01:21:31You'll just waste valuable energy, and that door just won't open.
01:21:35The best way to escape is through the windows.
01:21:38Roll them down and swim away.
01:21:41If you're not a great swimmer, you can try to create your own makeshift flotation device,
01:21:46like a plastic bag with air trapped inside.
01:21:49Tie a knot in it and make sure it's tight.
01:21:52A plastic bottle would work great, but one probably won't be enough.
01:21:56You can also use a raincoat or a pair of those waterproof pants.
01:22:00You can even use an upside-down trash can.
01:22:04If you have some car trouble at night, out in the woods for example,
01:22:08you need light to see what you're doing.
01:22:10All you need is a bottle of water or a jug,
01:22:13or even a pickle jar filled with water.
01:22:16Just strap it on a headlight and voila!
01:22:19The water will spread the light so you can see better.
01:22:22Perfect for setting up an emergency tent or finding wood for a fire.
01:22:27Mason jars, those pickle ones, are really handy when it comes to storing matches.
01:22:32If you're camping in a forest, it's really important to hide those matches away, somewhere dry and safe.
01:22:38To make it even more convenient, make a strikable lid.
01:22:42Cut off the strips on the side of your matchboxes and glue them to the lid of your mason jar.
01:22:48Before your next big outdoor adventure, make sure you're all stocked up on dark chocolate.
01:22:54Chocolate is probably the most delicious survival food, but it's also one of the best.
01:22:59It's loaded with calories and helps keep your mood up.
01:23:03Plus, you don't need a fork, plate or fire to prepare it.
01:23:07Last one for today, people.
01:23:09Still having trouble lighting that fire?
01:23:11Look no further than that bag of chips you secretly hid from your fellow campers.
01:23:15Corn-based chips are everywhere these days.
01:23:18And apart from tasting delicious and turning your fingers a weird color, they have one more trick up their sleeve.
01:23:24You can use them to start a fire.
01:23:27These kind of chips are flammable, so make a little mound of chips and keep that dry wood handy.
01:23:32They'll light in seconds.
01:23:35Endless hot deserts seem lifeless at first glance.
01:23:39But among these sands, you can meet dangerous and sometimes creepy creatures.
01:23:45Some of them can only cause health problems, but some can stay in your memory forever.
01:23:52Let's get to know them, starting with dangerous ones and finishing with real nightmares.
01:23:58So, you're walking through a desert and see a big teddy bear with open hands.
01:24:03You understand that it's probably a mirage, but still, you come closer.
01:24:08You were right.
01:24:10It's not a plush toy, but a giant cactus.
01:24:13There's something strange about it.
01:24:16Thanks to some strange fluff, the branches resemble the arms of a teddy bear.
01:24:21However, this is not fluff, but thousands of thin needles.
01:24:25And they are the reason you shouldn't come closer.
01:24:28The cactus is called the jumping cholla, or teddy bear cholla.
01:24:33It grows in the desert areas of Arizona and in the northern part of Mexico.
01:24:38Don't worry, this cactus won't attack you, but it will cling to your skin or clothes if you touch it.
01:24:45Such a fur coat protects the cactus from animals, creates shade, and saves it from heat.
01:24:52The lateral branches are the most important parts of the plant,
01:24:55as they carry out photosynthesis and accumulate a large amount of moisture inside.
01:25:00So, despite all the danger, the cactus can be helpful for desert wanderers.
01:25:05And the danger here is needles.
01:25:07If you look closer at them, you will see they have the shape of hooks.
01:25:11One touch and hundreds of thorns are already in your finger.
01:25:15It's pretty difficult to get rid of them and the needles cause pain.
01:25:19It's pretty difficult to get rid of them and the needles cause unpleasant painful sensations.
01:25:24But the coolest thing about this cactus is the way it reproduces.
01:25:28The plant clones itself in a new place.
01:25:32When animals and people pass the jumping cholla and touch it,
01:25:36the cactus gives them a small piece of itself along with the needles.
01:25:41As soon as you throw this piece to the ground, it takes root and starts growing.
01:25:47The degree of danger is rising.
01:25:50The next monster from the desert is running toward us.
01:25:53And that is an ostrich.
01:25:56Many think these animals are cowards hiding their heads in the sand.
01:26:00You will most likely change your mind if you're unlucky enough to meet one.
01:26:05Usually, ostriches are not aggressive, but you should run if you come closer to their nest.
01:26:10On the other hand, you won't be able to do that because ostriches move at a speed of 43 miles per hour.
01:26:17You need a car to get away from them.
01:26:20They run and hit their enemy with their chests.
01:26:23There have been cases when ostriches attacked vans and caused significant damage to them.
01:26:29But the main danger these birds present is their powerful legs with sharp claws.
01:26:34They can deliver strong blows with them and even beat a prone opponent.
01:26:39So, yes, if you see an ostrich in the distance, go the other way.
01:26:44This small spotted lizard lives underground almost all the time in the arid deserts of the southwestern U.S. and northwestern Mexico.
01:26:53Sometimes, it goes outside to find lunch.
01:26:56It only seems cute, but in fact, it's a dangerous gila monster.
01:27:02Its thick skin protects the reptile from hawks, coyotes, and other predators.
01:27:07But its main protection is its venom.
01:27:12Snakes and spiders inject their toxins using long, needle-like fangs.
01:27:17The gila monster clamps down and chews the prey to spread the venom.
01:27:21And when it bites a person, it can keep its jaws closed for a long time.
01:27:27Getting rid of the animal is a tricky feat.
01:27:30People who have experienced the effects of the venom say it feels as if hot magma passes through the veins.
01:27:36Despite this, the lizard turned out to be useful for science.
01:27:40Doctors used its venom to create medicines for diabetes and obesity.
01:27:46The time has come.
01:27:48Now, you're about to meet one of the creepiest creatures living in the desert.
01:27:53Be quiet and listen to the silence.
01:27:56Stand still. There's no one around.
01:27:59Suddenly, you hear some hissing coming from below.
01:28:03You lower your head and see it.
01:28:05A big, yellow spider the size of a human palm with strong jaws and long legs hides in the shadow of your body.
01:28:13In horror, you run away from this monster.
01:28:16But it goes after you.
01:28:18It isn't easy to do it in this situation.
01:28:21But try to calm down.
01:28:23The creature isn't interested in you.
01:28:26It wants only your shadow to hide from the scorching sun.
01:28:29Anyway, it's better not to touch it.
01:28:32The powerful jaws of the camel spider can cause unpleasant sensations, to put it mildly.
01:28:39And, by the way, this creature isn't really a spider.
01:28:43Yeah, it belongs to the class of arachnids.
01:28:47But it's a separate species.
01:28:49Salpagid.
01:28:51It likes to bite.
01:28:53It's fearless and pretty aggressive.
01:28:55The spider preys on insects, lizards, rodents, and small birds.
01:29:00It can also move at a speed of 10 miles per hour.
01:29:03For their small size, this is very fast.
01:29:06You need to be a professional athlete to run away from it.
01:29:10Most often, you can find camel spiders in the deserts of the Middle East.
01:29:14But they also live in Mexico and the southwestern US.
01:29:18These runners are nocturnal and try to avoid the sun during the day.
01:29:22So they are always hunting your shadow.
01:29:25By the way, they got their name because they often hide in the shadows of camels.
01:29:30You won't hide from them during the day, but they will also want to come after you at night.
01:29:35Especially if you make a fire.
01:29:37Salpagids always run to the light in the hope of eating something.
01:29:41Some species of these spiders make a hissing sound to scare their enemies away.
01:29:46Now, let's calm down for a second and leave the hot desert.
01:29:51We're going into the humid tropics of Tanzania.
01:29:54Under tree bark, fallen leaves, and in dark caves, you can meet one of the most terrifying creatures on Earth.
01:30:01A tailless whip scorpion.
01:30:03Imagine a big scorpion without a tail, with a flat body that looks like it has been pressed by something.
01:30:09It's similar to spiders, but has no venom glands and can't spin a web.
01:30:14This monster is silent and fast.
01:30:17But the scariest thing is its two front claws, twice as long as the creature itself.
01:30:23Any prey it catches will never escape.
01:30:27Life in a dark cave has spoiled its eyesight, so the whip scorpion tries to avoid sunlight.
01:30:34During molting, it climbs up to the ceiling and slowly comes out of its old skin.
01:30:40Imagine directing your flashlight there and seeing small cocoons out of which pale spiders with excessively long legs crawl.
01:30:49If you really meet it, be calm and slowly go away as far as possible.
01:30:55Be careful. The flat scorpion can crawl under your clothes in a second and bite you in the stomach.
01:31:02And that's not the worst part.
01:31:04Okay, this is a joke.
01:31:06This pretty guy is one of the shyest and most harmless creatures among spiders and scorpions.
01:31:12It's afraid of you and will never attack.
01:31:15Many consider it beautiful and keep whip scorpions in glass terrariums.
01:31:19If you want such a pet, carefully watch it so that it doesn't run away from its house.
01:31:24If it happens, it will be pretty challenging to catch it again.
01:31:28In a matter of moments, it can get under your bed or go through gaps in the floor.
01:31:33Then it'll go to your neighbor's apartment through a ventilation system and scare people there.
01:31:40Okay, how about one more scorpion?
01:31:43It's not as creepy as the other creatures in this video, but it's the most venomous scorpion in the USA.
01:31:49This is the Arizona Bark Scorpion.
01:31:52The problem is that you can see it in the desert, in your home, or in the yard.
01:31:57These dangerous venomous beasts crawl into rooms and often sting people.
01:32:02One time is enough to cause pain, similar to a bee sting.
01:32:05But someone with an allergy may experience paralysis, breathing problems, and other health issues.
01:32:13Ah, a purple sunset.
01:32:15You must have seen one of those at least once in your life.
01:32:19Normally, it's nothing ominous and has to do with the way light travels.
01:32:23The light that the sun produces is white.
01:32:26When it goes through a prism, you see light waves of different colors, from red and orange to blue, green, and indigo.
01:32:33Light normally travels in a straight line if there's no obstacle in its way.
01:32:38The shorter light waves, including blues and purples, are scattered easier when they meet with those obstacles,
01:32:44like molecules and aerosols in the atmosphere.
01:32:47Because the sun is low on the horizon at sunset and sunrise,
01:32:51its light has to pass through more molecules that scatter the violet and blue light.
01:32:56The colors that your eyes pick up, then, are yellow, orange, and red.
01:33:00But with the right conditions, you can see the gorgeous purple sky.
01:33:05Sometimes, purple sky appears for much scarier reasons.
01:33:09It can be caused by hurricanes, wildfires, or dust storms.
01:33:13The concentration of vapor in the air increases, and the light scatters more than usual.
01:33:18Dust, a setting sun, and low cloud cover all contribute to this natural show, too.
01:33:24The sky turns orange and red at dusk if there's still enough light.
01:33:28Then, it gives off pink hues, which mix up with the dark blue sky above.
01:33:33Now, do you remember what happens when you mix pink and blue?
01:33:36You get the color purple.
01:33:39Not every hurricane makes the sky turn purple,
01:33:42and trying to predict if it's going to happen is like trying to forecast a rainbow.
01:33:47Still, people reported several major hurricanes made the skies turn purple.
01:33:52Now, green skies might look just as spectacular as purple ones,
01:33:56but they actually also scream danger.
01:33:59They're usually there to tell you a thunderstorm, hailstorm, or tornado is somewhere nearby.
01:34:06The unique color is a result of yellow sun rays getting mixed with the blue light coming from storm clouds.
01:34:13So, you're enjoying a nice day by the ocean with a fresh breeze in your hair,
01:34:18when suddenly, you notice the water starts retreating from the beach at a huge speed.
01:34:23This is a sign for you to start running as fast and far away from the beach as you can.
01:34:28This most likely means that a tsunami is on the way.
01:34:32A quick reaction maximizes your chances of survival.
01:34:36Now, if you notice the sea level is rising, but it doesn't seem too extreme,
01:34:41it could be another sign of an approaching tsunami.
01:34:44It happens in 40% of cases, and the incoming water is the first tsunami wave.
01:34:50The next one, way larger and more dangerous, usually follows in about 10 minutes.
01:34:56Another thing about tsunamis is that they like to arrive with some loud sounds.
01:35:00People describe them as thunder, the sound of a locomotive, a helicopter, or just a loud boom.
01:35:07Do you see a channel of choppy water on the beach?
01:35:10It's in your best interest to stay away from the water.
01:35:13There might be a rip current under the surface that can be extremely dangerous.
01:35:18Sometimes, waves hit the shore in a weird way, which forms these rip currents.
01:35:23You might see a strange break in the waves, or an area with a different color than the rest of the water.
01:35:29Random bits of seaweed going in all directions is another rip current warning sign.
01:35:35If you happen to find yourself caught in a rip current, try to stay afloat, but don't try to go against the current.
01:35:42You'll only waste precious energy.
01:35:44Scream for help and try to float your way along the beach.
01:35:48Once you break out of the current, swim diagonally to the shore.
01:35:52The next time you spot conically shaped clouds in the sky, remember it's a good time to start looking for some shelter.
01:35:59If it just stays like that, a severe storm is on the way.
01:36:03But if a cloud of that shape starts spinning around, it means it's about to transform into a tornado.
01:36:11If you have bees nearby, they can save you from big trouble one day.
01:36:15These hard-working little guys get more active than usual when they feel like a storm is on the way.
01:36:21They speed up to collect more nectar before it hits them.
01:36:24And once they're done with it, they'll always come back to the hive 10-15 minutes before heavy rain, even when there are no obvious signs of it coming.
01:36:33Their secret is super-sensitive hairs on the back that can pick up electrostatic build-ups from storm clouds.
01:36:40For centuries, people have noticed that animals act weirdly a couple of days before big seismic events.
01:36:47Dogs can't start barking, cows halt their milk, and toads, rats, and snakes leave their homes.
01:36:54It looks like animals can feel smaller initial shock waves that humans don't even notice.
01:37:00Scientists have tried to find some legit explanation for it and run endless tests and experiments.
01:37:06But so far, they're still on their way to explaining this mystery.
01:37:10Can you smell ozone in the air?
01:37:13When a thunderstorm is on the way, it's the most distinct and pungent smell you can pick up.
01:37:18An electrical charge of lightning sets it free from higher altitudes.
01:37:22The other, more pleasant smell of rain is petrichor.
01:37:26Rainwater wakes up molecules on plants, trees, concrete, and asphalt.
01:37:30Their aroma spreads all over the place.
01:37:33You can even feel that smell in your own mouth.
01:37:36All those positive ions in the air that a lightning bolt sets free gets mixed with ozone and your saliva.
01:37:43And that's how you get that bitter metallic taste.
01:37:47When lightning is about to strike, you might hear bizarre crackling, buzzing, or vibrating sounds coming from metal objects nearby.
01:37:55Your palms may begin to sweat, and then you can feel your hair stand on end.
01:38:01That's a clear call for action, and that action is to run for your life.
01:38:05Positive charges are going through your body, trying to reach toward the negatively charged part of the storm.
01:38:11Trust me, you don't want these charges to meet.
01:38:15If you see no shelter that you can reach fast, try to make yourself smaller than the objects around you.
01:38:21Drop down your umbrella and stay away from wire fences, metal pipes, rails, and other metallic objects.
01:38:27And don't lie flat on the ground. It's likely wet, which means it's a great conductor of electricity.
01:38:34If you suddenly notice crevices in the asphalt next to your house, it could be a sinkhole warning sign.
01:38:41Inspect your house on the inside. Does that door begin to jam? Or maybe there's a gap where the walls meet the ceiling.
01:38:49Uneven kitchen cabinets and drawers, slanted floors, stairs that begin to slope, water leaking after every rain, and displaced moldings are all signs that a sinkhole is about to open.
01:39:01To find out if it's definitely a sinkhole and how dangerous it is, you gotta consult with an engineering company.
01:39:08If you find a sinkhole that's already there, you gotta stay away from the sinkhole area.
01:39:13Fence or rope it off to make it less dangerous for others. You'll need professional help to fix it.
01:39:20Some volcanoes scream when they're about to erupt. Small earthquakes, which often happen before, produce a hum.
01:39:28It's mostly non-audible to human ears, but sometimes it reaches a frequency that lets you hear it as a strange rumbling or hissing sound coming from the ground.
01:39:38This noise is known as a harmonic tremor. With some volcanoes, it's the sound of magma bubbles vibrating when they're going through crevices in the crust of the Earth.
01:39:48But it's not always like this.
01:39:50If scientists managed to understand what exactly causes these volcanic streams, they could create a limited early warning system for volcanic eruptions.
01:40:00If you're out in the wild, pay attention to the water in creeks, streams, and rivers.
01:40:05If its level is quickly falling, even if it's raining, this might be a sign of a nearing landslide.
01:40:12And if you hear a faint rumbling noise or unusual sounds, like boulders knocking together, it could mean debris is on its way to you.
01:40:20It's a sign to head to safety immediately, like right now.
01:40:34Now, when you need help in public, don't ask a group of people. Instead, approach individuals.
01:40:40Because of something called the bystander's effect, the group of people may not help you.
01:40:45This social psychology theory states that people are less likely to help you when others are around them.
01:40:51They assume someone else from the group will run to your rescue.
01:40:55If you're driving in the city or another area with a grid-like design and think you're being followed, turn right or left four times.
01:41:04You'll end up at the same place you were before, and if the car behind you does too, you're probably being followed.
01:41:11Don't go home and try to lose them.
01:41:14If you're outdoors while a storm is approaching and your hair stands up, find shelter immediately.
01:41:20Static in your hair means positive charges are rising through your body, reaching toward the storm's negative charges.
01:41:27You're likely to be struck by lightning.
01:41:30If shelter isn't available, squat low on the ground on the balls of your feet, put your hands on your knees, and your head between them.
01:41:38Making yourself as small as possible will minimize the contact with the ground and the damage from the lightning.
01:41:45Always carry a small mirror with you while traveling in isolated areas. It'll come in handy if you get lost.
01:41:52If you're stranded in the desert and a plane flies overhead, point the mirror toward it to reflect the light.
01:41:59If you don't have a mirror, signal planes overhead by waving both your arms up and down.
01:42:04If you're stranded somewhere in your car, don't abandon it. It's more challenging for rescuers to spot you without your vehicle.
01:42:12Unlike what's shown on TV, when someone's about to drown, they won't wave or cry out.
01:42:18They'll have their head tilted back, submerged in water.
01:42:21They'll attempt to keep their mouth above the surface by using their arms.
01:42:25When you see someone looking like they're floating or bobbing, trying to get their head out of the water by trying to climb onto the surface of the water, they need help.
01:42:34If you can't swim and you've fallen in deep water, don't panic. Hold your breath and let yourself bob up to the surface.
01:42:42Keep your back and legs straight. Try performing little kicks to bring your body back to the surface.
01:42:48If you're trying to save someone who can't swim, never approach them directly.
01:42:53They'll likely bring you down in their panic.
01:42:56Sneak up on them from behind, slip your arm across their chest, and make sure their hands aren't facing you.
01:43:02If they grab you, they can pull you under.
01:43:05Try to swim below them, come back a bit further away, and try to help them again.
01:43:10If you come across a grizzly bear, it's not your day.
01:43:14Now, don't run and don't make eye contact.
01:43:18Slowly walk away if it isn't close to you.
01:43:21But if it's charging, stand still, you can't outrun it.
01:43:25Speak in a clear, monotone voice and don't scream.
01:43:28Now, prior to this, you might want to research to see if there are grizzly bears where you're traveling and take pepper or bear spray with you.
01:43:36If a bear is within 25 feet of you, then use the spray.
01:43:40If it attacks you, curl up in a ball and lie on the ground.
01:43:44Stay quiet, don't move or panic till it goes away.
01:43:47Now, if a polar bear is chasing, but it's far away, start dropping clothing items – a hat, scarf, or a shirt – and run away.
01:43:56Polar bears have short attention spans, and they may stop to sniff your clothing.
01:44:01This will give you time to head to safety.
01:44:04By the way, if both of these bear encounters happen to you, then please remind me not to go on vacation with you.
01:44:12Moving on.
01:44:13If someone is choking, but they're coughing, don't intervene.
01:44:17Coughing means air can get both in and out, and they've got a partial obstruction in their airway.
01:44:24By helping, you could cause a backflow of air, which could either force out the hazard or dislodge the blockage and cause a full block.
01:44:32Just let them cough it out.
01:44:34Only help when they can't breathe or cough.
01:44:37When caught in a strong rip current, never swim against it.
01:44:41You'll tire yourself, and it won't end well.
01:44:44Swim parallel to the shore fast, but stay calm and comfortable.
01:44:49Even if you get further out, you'll eventually escape the current and can head back to shore.
01:44:54Thumbs are the weakest part of someone's grip.
01:44:57If someone pulls you by the wrist, don't twist your arms in their hand.
01:45:01Try to push away, starting right where their thumbs are.
01:45:05Notify your State Department if you're going abroad.
01:45:08In the US and some other Western countries, you can tell the Department of State that you're going overseas.
01:45:14In the event of a natural disaster or a political conflict, they'll know that you need to be evacuated.
01:45:20They'll also update you on things that happen in the country you're visiting to protect you from trouble.
01:45:26If you find yourself in a stampede of people, you're in trouble as soon as you fall.
01:45:31Don't curl up in a ball and wait for it to be over.
01:45:34This can cause more damage.
01:45:36Try to grab someone's leg as they run past you to help yourself up and keep going.
01:45:42Sometimes, camping trips end with people lost.
01:45:46If you're in such a situation and trying to walk out of the camping site, take burned coal or wood sticks with you.
01:45:53Use them to draw messages on trees, rocks, or logs.
01:45:57The markings will stay there for weeks, and it'll be easier for the rescue party to trace you.
01:46:03Always carry a needle in your first aid kit.
01:46:05If you're lost, you can make a compass with one.
01:46:08You first need to magnetize the needle by rubbing the eye against hair, fur, or silk around 100 times.
01:46:15Fill a container with water, place a leaf on the water surface, and rest your needle on the leaf.
01:46:21It should start pointing north to south.
01:46:24When calling emergency services, first tell them your exact location and then the problem.
01:46:30Even if you get cut off, they'll know where to send the police or an ambulance.
01:46:35If you have a fishy smell in your home, call a licensed electrician immediately.
01:46:40It can come from overheated plastic and electrical components that can cause an electrical fire.
01:46:46It might be from an outlet, a switch, an electrical breaker, or something else.
01:46:51Like the fish you're baking in the oven.
01:46:54If a snake bites you, there are a few ways to tell if it was venomous.
01:46:59You can ask. It probably won't tell you.
01:47:01Venomous snakes usually have multiple colors and cat-like pupils.
01:47:05Look at the bite area.
01:47:07If there are two deep puncture wounds, you were most likely attacked by a venomous snake.
01:47:12If the bite mark has tiny sharp teeth and a U-shape, it was probably non-venomous.
01:47:18Whatever the case, call emergency services and snap a picture of the snake if you can.
01:47:23Using your mouth to pull the venom out is even more dangerous.
01:47:27You've got more chances of getting poisoned than removing the toxin from your body.
01:47:32If you're traveling and exposed to freezing temperatures, you're at risk for frostbite.
01:47:37At first, a part of your body will become hard and pale.
01:47:41Then you'll experience aching, stinging, and numbness.
01:47:44To avoid frostbite, apply petroleum jelly on your nose, ears, and the tips of your fingers and toes.
01:47:51You did remember to bring some, didn't you?
01:47:54This brings up a reminder.
01:47:56If you're shivering while in the cold, you're safe.
01:47:59Your body is trying to warm you up by contracting your muscles.
01:48:02But once you stop shivering, and if you grow tired and want to sleep, then find a warm place immediately.
01:48:09You're at risk for hypothermia.
01:48:11You'll need a warm compress on your chest, neck, or lower tummy.
01:48:15Never apply a warm compress to your hands or legs.
01:48:18The sudden temperature change could force cold blood back into your heart, lungs, or brain, causing your core body temperature to drop.
01:48:26If you're lost and you need to drink water from a stagnant source, always boil it to purify it.
01:48:32Untreated water has bacteria or other oils and chemicals that can be harmful to you.
01:48:38The exact temperature and time you need to boil the water depend on the altitude.
01:48:43To be on the safe side, try to boil the water for 3 minutes.
01:48:48When cooking oils start to boil, they'll smoke and then catch fire.
01:48:52If that happens, turn off the heat and don't remove the cooking pot.
01:48:56Cover it with a metal lid.
01:48:58Fire won't survive without an oxygen source.
01:49:01Use baking soda to extinguish small grease fires.
01:49:04You'll need a ton of it to do the job.
01:49:06And only use this tip when the fire is small.
01:49:09Never use water.
01:49:11It'll cause the oil to splash and spread the fire.
01:49:14You got all that? Good.
01:49:17You can turn ordinary matches into waterproof ones.
01:49:20Apply a thin coat of nail polish to the matches and let it dry.
01:49:24Once they're ready, they'll stay dry enough to start a fire even if you drop the matches in the water.
01:49:30If you get lost somewhere during the winter and need a drink, then don't eat snow.
01:49:35It has much more air than water, so you won't even feel much more hydrated.
01:49:39Your body also wastes a lot of energy trying to eat it.
01:49:43Or even worse, you might lower your body temperature and could even get sick.
01:49:48If you find yourself face-to-face with a coyote or a wolf, don't turn your back.
01:49:53Slowly retreat while facing the animal.
01:49:56This might only work for a single animal, though.
01:49:58If you meet a pack, then the most important thing is to make sure that they don't surround you.
01:50:03Back away towards a tree and pressure back against it.
01:50:06Then choose the right moment and climb it as quickly as possible.
01:50:10Several layers of clothing will warm you better than one warm fur coat or down jacket.
01:50:16Air will be trapped between the clothing layers, insulating you and keeping your body warm.
01:50:21If you get lost in the woods, always try to sleep a little above the ground.
01:50:26You can lay on a layer of branches and leaves as a makeshift bed or stretch a hammock out between some trees.
01:50:32At night, the temperature drops and the ground becomes cold.
01:50:36Even if you build a fire, it could go out while you sleep, and the ground will be sapping your body heat.
01:50:42You're in a boat in the middle of the sea.
01:50:45No food, no fishing net, and you're hungry.
01:50:47It was supposed to be only a three-hour tour.
01:50:50Well, guess what?
01:50:51You can catch fish with the help of shoelaces and any object – phone, watch, or keys.
01:50:57The shadow cast by the boat in the sea can attract fish, and a reflective object can work as bait.
01:51:03Tie your keys to your shoelaces and use them as a fishing rod.
01:51:07Even if a fish doesn't bite, activities like this are a good way to maintain a healthy mind on the open sea.
01:51:15A short meditation can save you from a panic attack.
01:51:19You need to focus on your breathing and try to slow it down.
01:51:22Your brain will quickly calm down and turn its focus away from the panic.
01:51:27Oxygen masks and airplanes work on the same principle.
01:51:30When you control your breathing, your attention is redirected away from whatever bad thing is happening.
01:51:37You can make a torch out of a log.
01:51:39Put a small log vertically, make a deep star-shaped cut on the top.
01:51:43Put dry grass, leaves, and sticks inside.
01:51:46Once you're done, set fire to the log and watch it burn for up to 3 hours.
01:51:51This should work the same, regardless of the size and type of wood.
01:51:56If you meet an angry grizzly bear, never try to run away because the bear can easily outrun you.
01:52:02Instead, lie down and don't move.
01:52:05Grizzlies only usually attack when they see a threat,
01:52:08so they'll often leave you alone if you show them that you won't cause them any problems.
01:52:13This only works with grizzly bears, though.
01:52:16If a confrontation is unavoidable, back away slowly and use bear spray.
01:52:21If you don't have any, pepper spray will work similarly and should disorient the bear and scare it away.
01:52:28Or not.
01:52:29Don't eat berries or mushrooms in the forest if you don't know exactly what they are.
01:52:34They could be poisonous.
01:52:36If you have no other option, eat the inner bark of maples, birches, and pines to fill your stomach.
01:52:42Use a knife to cut away the rough outer bark and get to the softer white stuff.
01:52:47You can boil it to make it even softer or cook it over an open fire to make a crunchy snack.
01:52:53And if you're really starving, you can look for ants.
01:52:56They might not be the most appetizing, but they're pretty nutritious.
01:53:00If you don't have a watch, you can use your fingers to find out how much time is left until sunset.
01:53:06Raise your hand so the inside of your palm is facing you.
01:53:10Your fingers should be between the sun and the horizon line.
01:53:14See how many fingers can fit in this space.
01:53:17The thickness of one finger equals about 15 minutes, so you can calculate the time left before sunset.
01:53:24If you're lost and need to build a fire to attract attention,
01:53:27throw in a lot of pine, cedar branches, cones, and any unnecessary rubber objects.
01:53:33Your fire will emit more black smoke, which makes it visible from afar.
01:53:38If you have no water in the desert but have some food, try to avoid eating for as long as you can.
01:53:44The more you eat, the more thirsty you'll get.
01:53:47The body needs liquid to digest food, so it'll use up what little you have.
01:53:52A person can live much longer without food than without water, so don't be afraid to stay hungry.
01:53:58Hey, you found a huge puddle of dirty water in the forest!
01:54:02If you're desperate for a drink, you can fill your bottle and filter it into drinking water.
01:54:07To clean it, make a rope of gauze or clothing.
01:54:10Put one end into the dirty bottle and the other one into the empty one.
01:54:15Before long, the clean water will flow into the empty bottle through the rope while the impurities are left behind.
01:54:22Before hiking, replace your regular shoelaces with paracord shoelaces.
01:54:27If you don't have enough rope, these laces can give you a few extra feet in a pinch.
01:54:33If you're lost in the forest and have nothing to warm you,
01:54:36then take dry leaves and grass from the ground and put it between two layers of clothing.
01:54:41This will help you stay warm for a long time.
01:54:44When you're lost in the desert, try to move as little as possible during the day.
01:54:49Find a shadow or create it from improvised materials and sit in the shade until dark.
01:54:55At night, you'll spend much less energy and use up less fluid while you walk.
01:55:00This will help you to avoid the risk of a heat stroke.
01:55:04If you fall through some ice, don't try to get out like you would in a pool.
01:55:08If you put your hands on the ice and try to push yourself out with your arms,
01:55:12it could crack and make you fall back into the water.
01:55:15You need to stretch your arms parallel to the ice surface and stretch your legs way back so they float in the water.
01:55:22In this horizontal position, start waving your legs as if you're swimming.
01:55:26Move your arms carefully without putting too much weight on the ice, and you should be able to escape.
01:55:32If you need to build a fire while it's too windy, here's what to do.
01:55:36Dig two holes next to each other and create a small underground tunnel between them.
01:55:41Make a fire in one of the pits.
01:55:43The wind can't extinguish it, and the fire gets its air through the second pit.
01:55:48This method is also useful if you need to build a fire without drawing attention.
01:55:54In the dark, this kind of fire won't be visible.
01:55:57Don't throw away or pop bubble wrap. Take it on a hike with you.
01:56:01It will protect you from the cold better than even a thick blanket would.
01:56:05Those tiny air bubbles are perfect insulation.
01:56:08Just put it in between layers of clothing, and it'll stop any warmth from escaping.
01:56:13The plastic it's made of is also waterproof, so it can stop you from getting wet too.
01:56:20Swimming in the sea not far from the shore, you can easily get swept up in rip currents.
01:56:25If this happens, the most important thing to remember is not to swim against the current.
01:56:31This will only waste your strength and sap your energy, and you're unlikely to ever overpower an ocean current.
01:56:37Instead, try to swim sideways along the shore.
01:56:41Sooner or later, you should get out of the current, and then you can safely swim to the beach.
01:56:49If you're stuck in a falling elevator, don't try to jump at the moment of collision.
01:56:53Don't take a sitting position or stand either.
01:56:56You need to lie on the floor, facing the ceiling.
01:56:59Spread your legs as wide as possible, cover your face with one hand, and put the other hand behind your head for protection.
01:57:06You reduce the pressure on your body in this position when you fall.
01:57:10Ooh, you're lost!
01:57:12A rescue helicopter flies over the forest, but you don't have a flare and don't have time to build a fire.
01:57:18Use a small mirror or phone screen to reflect the sunlight.
01:57:22Aim the light beam towards the helicopter.
01:57:24Rescuers should notice the glare and fly over to save you.
01:57:28Oops, another burglary in the U.S. has just occurred.
01:57:32Wait another 22.6 seconds, and there will be another one.
01:57:36Hey, no need to worry about your property.
01:57:39Forewarned, forearmed.
01:57:41Let's explore a few tips on how to protect your house.
01:57:46A mirror sticker can contribute a lot to your house's safety.
01:57:50For instance, you can use a sticker that says you have a home security system, even if in reality you don't.
01:57:57It may not sound convincing enough, but still, burglars prefer not to mess with such houses.
01:58:02Just one more tip here.
01:58:04Make sure the sticker looks true to life, so a makeshift sign won't do.
01:58:08It's better to fork out some money and grab a real-looking sticker.
01:58:13Another smart trick is to leave a pair of really large shoes on the porch so that the burglars could clearly see them.
01:58:21It will make them think someone big and dangerous lives there, and they won't fancy meeting them.
01:58:30Right, now let's inspect your door.
01:58:32I hope you don't leave the keys under the doormat.
01:58:34The only things you can leave under the mat are the cookies or chips.
01:58:38This is a fun way to see if someone was visiting you while you were away.
01:58:42However, the trick doesn't give you a 100% guarantee.
01:58:45It might be a mailman, a delivery guy who got the wrong door, or even a random dog hanging around your porch.
01:58:52Yeah, cookies feel better in your stomach, not under the doormat.
01:58:58Okay, you're back home from work. It was a tough day, and you're tired.
01:59:02You leave the keys in the keyhole and completely forget about it.
01:59:06Right, the main thing is that you've locked the door and the keys are inside.
01:59:10But who said there is no burglar in the bushes targeting your house?
01:59:14Technically, it might be impossible to insert a dupe and get in if there's a key in the keyhole.
01:59:19But these guys are well-equipped and have a whole assortment of hooks to lure the key out.
01:59:25You know what happens next.
01:59:27They can seep into your house as silently as ninjas and grab all your valuables while you're peacefully sleeping.
01:59:33A lock that can only be closed from the inside and can't be opened from the outside seems like a good solution.
01:59:42When moving to a new place, even if you didn't buy it, but rent it, make sure to change the locks.
01:59:48Who knows how many copies of those keys there are.
01:59:51As for renting, you never know who lived there before you moved in.
01:59:54Also, if for some reason you accidentally left your keys in the front door for some time, the best thing to do is to change the lock.
02:00:02Yeah, probably nothing bad will happen, but still, it's better to play it safe.
02:00:10Plus, not only should you stop leaving the keys in the door, but you also shouldn't leave them on display.
02:00:15Maybe it's better to bring the keys to the living room instead of keeping them near the front door.
02:00:20Sometimes, burglars can use not only your door, but your window too.
02:00:25Mind your trash, especially if you throw away some pricey stuff packaging.
02:00:29Don't let the thieves know what you purchased and how much you paid for it.
02:00:33Also, your trash may contain some essential information about your personal data, credit card details, and so much more.
02:00:44Keep an eye on your mailbox. Make sure you have a lock on it.
02:00:48Thing is, burglars may be quite interested in your mail contents.
02:00:51So, the secret is simple. Keep the mailbox locked and make sure you shred any personal data-related papers.
02:01:00Now, let's inspect your front lawn.
02:01:02Hey, I can see something compromising. I'm talking about these large bushes.
02:01:07Yeah, I know, you don't have time to trim them.
02:01:09The larger they get, the more space there is for the burglars to hide.
02:01:13Plus, if someone sees untrimmed shrubs and trees in the front yard,
02:01:17If someone sees untrimmed shrubs and trees in the front yard,
02:01:20they might think nobody's home.
02:01:22You see the point, right?
02:01:26Okay, let's say you ignored all the previous tips and burglars broke into your house.
02:01:31The most interesting thing for them is surely cash.
02:01:35If you don't have any cash at home, you can skip this tip.
02:01:38But if you have valuables, get creative.
02:01:41Cash can be stuffed into a plastic bag and hidden in a large container with some leftovers.
02:01:47Also, you can place that plastic bag into an old detergent bottle you keep in the storeroom or the kitchen.
02:01:53Burglars aren't likely to look for your stash there.
02:01:56A couple of don'ts here.
02:01:58Hiding cash or jewels in a prescription pills container isn't that smart.
02:02:03And yeah, a freezer isn't the best option either.
02:02:06Many burglars like to check it in the first place.
02:02:12Time to see if you keep your keys right.
02:02:15If you keep your car and house keys together, you might want to reconsider it.
02:02:19First off, imagine you lose them and burglars somehow know where you live.
02:02:24Not only will they grab what they want,
02:02:26but they'll also have a vehicle to transport all your hard-earned belongings.
02:02:33Keep an eye on your garage keys,
02:02:35especially if it's possible to sneak into your house through your garage.
02:02:39Even if it isn't, who said there are no valuables in the garage?
02:02:45However, there are no limits whatsoever for burglars.
02:02:48They can sneak into houses even through small windows.
02:02:52The reason why they prefer doors is that it's the safest way,
02:02:55while squeezing through the window can get scratches,
02:02:58and it's not that they don't want to spoil their looks.
02:03:01The thing is, if they leave their DNA, they can be traced.
02:03:05However, crooks are careful about not leaving their traces.
02:03:08For instance, a report from England claims only about 3% of burglars leave forensic evidence.
02:03:18To protect yourself at night, there are several options.
02:03:21Number one, insert a large paper clip or a bobby pin inside the keyhole.
02:03:26You can use a spare pair of keys if you have them.
02:03:29This way, you'll make it extremely hard, if not impossible, for the burglars to use the key dupes.
02:03:35Number two, barricading is an option.
02:03:38It can be a heavy chair, a bookshelf, you name it.
02:03:41I mean, why not, if it makes you feel safe?
02:03:46If your door opens outwardly, a jammer could do a great job for you.
02:03:51A chair can be super handy.
02:03:53Secure it under the doorknob.
02:03:55It's not the most powerful security system, but at least it does its job.
02:03:59Binding the doorknobs or handles together can be an option too.
02:04:06A dummy security camera can protect you during the day and night.
02:04:10Again, burglars are not as fearless as they may seem.
02:04:13If you have a real CCTV, make sure the crooks don't deactivate it.
02:04:17So place it in some hard-to-get place.
02:04:22If you're ready to fork out some money for protection, then the motion sensor light is exactly what you need.
02:04:28Crooks like dim spots, and once they approach your place, they'll be frightened off by the bright light.
02:04:34This solution works as long as the burglars know you're home.
02:04:37In case they're sure you're away, it's way less efficient.
02:04:43TV and radio timers are another trick.
02:04:46With their help, you can imitate your home, even if you're not.
02:04:49A perfect match for the motion sensor light.
02:04:52This trick can help outsmart some burglars, but again, it doesn't give a 100% guarantee.
02:04:58Some of them aren't afraid to break in, even if the TV's on.
02:05:04What about live alarm systems?
02:05:06This can be real or fake too.
02:05:08I'm talking about dogs.
02:05:10Remember the trick with the boots?
02:05:12You can do the same with a dog if you don't have one.
02:05:15Leave a large bowl on the porch, but make sure it all looks real.
02:05:19I mean, the bowl should not look untouched and brand new.
02:05:25Hey, do you know all your neighbors?
02:05:27If not, it's high time you baked some cookies and visited them to know them better.
02:05:33First, the crooks don't really like to operate in areas where few people know each other and care for each other.
02:05:39This way, their chances of being spotted and reported are extremely high.
02:05:44So, a sort-of-neighborhood watch is a perfect way to protect your house.
02:05:48And who knows, find new friends.
02:05:51That's it for today.
02:05:52So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
02:05:57Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side.

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